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1328 THE LEADER L^o- 50(5 Dec. 3, 1859.
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BOOKS RECEIVED. " Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro...
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FERTALP. " Blackwood'd Edinburgh Magazin...
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The Invasion or England.—Referring to an...
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COMMERCIAL...._: «fe.
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IMPROVEMENT IN TRADE.—SANDED COTTON. WE ...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
1328 The Leader L^O- 50(5 Dec. 3, 1859.
1328 THE LEADER L ^ o- 50 ( 5 Dec . 3 , 1859 .
Books Received. " Bunyan's Pilgrim's Pro...
BOOKS RECEIVED . " Bunyan ' s Pilgrim ' s Progress , " -with Illustrations . ' By Charles Bennett . ' Longman , Green , and Co . " Schiller ' s Life and Works . " By EmilPalleskie . 2 vols . Longman , Green , and Co . " Contributions to Mental Philosophy . " Edited by J . J . Morell , A . M . Longman , Green , and Co . " The Way of the World . " By Alison . Read . 3 vols . Hurst and Blackett . . " Life in Spain , Past and Present . " 2 vols . bnuth , Elder , and Co . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ " Against Wind and Tide . " By Holme Lee . 3 vols . Smith / Elder , and Co . " The Tenant of Wild tell Hall . " By Acton Bell . New Edit . Smith , Elder , and Co . " The Life of Charlotte Bronte . " Smith , Elder , and " District Duties during the Revolt in the North-West Provinces of India in 1857 . " Smith , Elder , and
" Heathen and Holy Lands . " By Capt . J . P . Briggs . Smith , Elder , and Co . '„ , , , „ " The Elements of Perspective . " Smith , Elder , and . Co . " Australian Facts and Prospects . " Smith , Elder , and Co . ¦ ¦ '' „ , ¦ " When the Snow Falls . " By W . Moy Thomas . 2 vols . Sampson Low , and Co . ^ " At Home and Abroad . " Sampson Low and Co . " Ernest Bracebridge , or School-Boy Days . " Sampson Low and Co . " Beuiah . " By Augusta . J . Evans . Sampson Low and Co . ¦ ¦ , ' ' - Recreations of a Country Pardon . " J . W . Parker . " IVarragansett , or the Plantations , a Story of 177— . " 3 vols . Chapman and Hall . Adventures Hain
" Out and About : a Boy ' s . " By Friswell . Grobinbridge and Sons . "A Fallen Faith . " By Edgar Sheppard , M . D . Piper , Stephensoh , and Co . " The Habits of Good Society . " Hogg and Son . " Stories of Inventors , and Discourses on Science and the Useful Arts . " By John Timbs , F . S . A . Kent and Co . ' ¦ Travels in Morocco . " By James Richardson . 2 vols . C . J . Skeet . . " Emmanuel . " Judd and Glass . " The Girl ' s own Toy-maker . " By Miss E . Landells . Griffith and Farran . " Views of Labour and Gold . " . John Russell Smith . " Weather Almanack , 18 C 0 . " Simpkin and Marshall . «• Literary and Scientific Regdster and Almanack , 1860 . " W . Kent and Co .
Fertalp. " Blackwood'd Edinburgh Magazin...
FERTALP . " Blackwood'd Edinburgh Magazine . " No . 530 . W . Blackwood and Sons . " Eraser ' s Magazine . " No . 300 . J . W . Parker , " Dublin University Magazine . " No . 324 . Hurst and Blackett . " Titan . " No . 177 . James Hogg and Sons . " The National Magazine . " Part 38 . Kent and Co . " Macmillan ' s Magazine . " No . 2 . Macmillan , Cambridge . " The Gallery of Nature . " Part 14 . W . an . I R . Chambers . " The Universal Review . " No . 10 . Allen and Co . " Le Follet . " No . 159 . Siinpkin and Marshall . " Lectures on the Rifle , a Pamphlet . "
" The Welcome Guest . " Part 2 . Houlstou and Wright . ' The Historical Magazine . " No . 2 , Vol . 3 . Trubner and Co . " The Art Journal . " No . CO . Hall , Virtue , and Co . " Knight ' s History of England . " Part 40 . " One of Them , " No . 1 . Chapman and Hall . " Recreative Science . " No . G . Groombridgeand Sons . " The Englishwoman ' s Journal . " No . 22 . Piper , Stephen son , and Co . " Blackwood ' s Scribbling Diary for 1800 . " BJnckwood . " Swedenboirg , u Pamphlet . " Pitman . " Plain or Ringlets . " Part . *} . — " Once a Week . " Parts . —" The English CycJopoedin . " Part 11 . — Bradbury arid Evans .
The Invasion Or England.—Referring To An...
The Invasion or England . —Referring to an article in the U / u ' pern , M : Provost Paradol soys , in the Journal ds J ? eb < ttn , Why does thp Urifvers wish to invade England , aiid propose to us to take possession of London ? jt is to place Ena \ and in tlie rank of a third-rate power , and to hberato her colonies . * Liberate' in tin ingenious expression when speaking of countries the frcost that there are in the world . The ( Jnioora cites , for example , Ciinadu , which it burns to render inrlopendent . If Cunada , which has her own government and
administration , which chooses her ministers and displaces them as she pleases by means of her chambers , is not free , we know not what more ample liberty the Univers can give her . Ta set free Australia , which is up free us the mother country , and which has already several times modified her constitution , does not seem at all more etisy ; and it is not England ' s least advantage or least honour to have given to her colonies an independence so complete and so secure that they haya more to four than to hope for a change whiqh should separate them from the mother country , und . that sotting them free Is not to be spoken of without ixbBurdlty . "
Commercial...._: «Fe.
COMMERCIAL . ... _ : « fe .
Improvement In Trade.—Sanded Cotton. We ...
IMPROVEMENT IN TRADE . —SANDED COTTON . WE are informed from Paris that , the trade of tbjat city , which has by far the largest trading population of any city of France , has of late improved . The price of the public funds , of all- stocks and shares , has advanced , which in France , where so much depends on the Government , has a great influence over the public mind and encourages adventure . A full there in price of public securities , much more than here , where it is often contingent on an active demand for money for commercial purposes , throws a gloom over all business . At present , too , the rise betokens an improvement in the foreign relations of France ; it confirms the hope that peace will be consolidated and preserved , and justifies the statement that trade has improved and is likely
to improve . . Our commercial news from the United States is extremely favourable ' . There the importation of dry goods had been for some weeks unusually large , and was , in the week ended the 18 th ult ., of the value of 1 , 287 , 931 dols ., against 811 , 754 dols . in the same week of 1858 , and 738 , 355 dols . in 1857 . In the whole 10 £ months the value of these imports into Jfew York was , in the present year , 101 , 915 , 257 dols ., against 61 , 706 , 218 dols . in 1858 , and 87 , 528 , 396 in 1857 . Dry goods embrace the chief articles of European manufactures imported . Accordingly , we find that the value of our cottons exported in October to the United States was £ 254 , 014 , against . £ 175 , 894 in 1858 . In the ten months the . value of . our . cottons exported to the States was £ 3 , 007 , 796 in the present year , and £ 1 , 825 , 189 in 1858 . Tlie-e figures show a complete revival and extension of this trade bi-ybnd the great speculative year of-1857 . We learn , however , on good authority , both American and-English , that this trade is now very difFerent from what it was in 1857 . Then , as our readers iv . r . y vccoUcct , pcvoral KnTl : « li nrs'l S > fc ! i houses made numerous consignments to New York on speculation , and even advanced money to r > av for them . Noav , however , we are told from
J . H . Murphy and Co ., of Montgomery , and a claim made on them for £ 55 8 s . 4 d ., the difference in value between 1 , 900 lbs . of cotton and 1 900 lbs of worthless sand . These gentlemen have refused to comply with the demand , and we presume the courts of the United States will be appealed to bv Messrs . Wanroy and Johnson , to make the falsu Tiers of the cotton refund the money of which they have defrauded Mr . Howard . It would be a national reproach to the States were the gentlemen who sell cotton sanded at the rate of 3 p cent , enabled to snap their fingers at their English customers as the only reply they dei < ni to mvo to a demand for restitution .
We must add that this improved mode of transacting business , by the buyers there sending orders and the buyers here purchasing there at first hand ' may help to account for the larger proportionate transmissions of bullion from the United States hither this year— -. £ 8 , 613 , 401—than the last year—. £ 4 , 389 , 794 . The Americans generally are honestly paying their debts , and they will not be patient under a disgrace brought on them by fraudulent planters . .
THE SHIPOWNERS . The meeting where the statement above alluded to was made by a Mr . Beazeley , of Liverpool , was held at the London Tavern , on Tuesday ; and there is one part of his statement which needs exp lanation . He was asked , he said ,, to take a part in such a purchase of cotton as thai above mentioned ; but he would not , because the cotton was to be shipped on board American vessels . His own ships were not to be employed . He made this statement as he made several others , with a view of throwing odium on the repeal of the Navigation Laws , . put that repeal made no important change in this branch of trade , which was in the hands of the Americans long before the Navigation Laws were repealed . For a considerable time their ships almost exclusively imported ¦ American cotton into England . Nor have those ships any ail vantage in French portsovcr English ships . The cotton was not imported in them therefore , because it might be sent to Havre if the market were better there on its arrival than at Liverpool , but simply because tl : ? y br . » i ! g ]« t it on iho b . vt ivr :: i-s <;> : Miv ! k ; vot . If on his cotton arriving at Queen-stown , he could gain a | d . or jd . per lb . by sending it to Havre instead of bringing it to Liverpool , he would not for one moment trouble himself about the loss of frei g the Liverpool shipowner mii ^ ht incur , wore it ,
instead of going direct to Havre first , brought to Liverpool , and afterwards sent thither . by English , vessels . Clearly , the English merchant uses the American ship as best for his purpose , but she is the best is the consequence of the dillerent circumstances of the two countries in respect to thin trade , and not in consequence of the repeal of the Navigation Laws , which this disingenuous reasoncr wished his passion-deluded hearers and the public to believe . Of the meeting , we shall only further say that it was a meeting of ship-owners , and not of the other classes connected with shipping . Theiv vessels being pretty fully employed , merclmntoaptains , and-seamen are well oil " . Since 1849 the number of men employed on board
merdmntships , exclusive of muster , hns increased , according to the oflicial returns , from 152 , 011 to 177 , 832 , in 1858 , or by 25 , 221 persons , or 2 , 522 persons per annum . At tlus late Siuiderland meeting ,. Mr . Aldonnnn Wilson said the merchant navy had increased in this interval by 50 , 000 , and , probably , if all kinds of stokers , stewards , and engineers arc included , hi 9 statement is not an exaggeration . At leaat the number of mon employed in the merchant service hasjncrcascu as much per cent , ns the men employed « n any trade of the country . Though the shi powners are in distress tho seamen arc well oil ' . Ihoy got 50 s . a month wages . Should tho ship owners nronm-tv bo irrontlv mortirairod , wo should , find in
the fact that it has fallen in value from £ 12 to * 7 per ton—a coiuploto explanation of his chili * oulties ., He nmat keep his ahipa running ft « whatever sacrifice . Hence ho may be losing , not gaining a saflioieiit sum to pay the interest of his inoumbmncos , while tho seainun , anu all other persons dependent on shipping , lina navigating ships , are in a flourishing condition . Those hints and fucts will prevent tho public from confounding tho complaining shipowners with tno shipping interest . They are no more tho Ik ^ 0 *' ' than the inoumbered landlords of Ireland wore
Manchester , and other manufacturing places , that the manufacturers have more orders than they can execute . They work only to order . At the same time we are told from New York that all these goods are imported by American houses , and that English , manufacturers have ceased to ship on speculation . All those imports are the results of orders from Ainerican houses . A similar change has taken place with respect to purchasing cotton . Within a twelvemonth , said a speaker at tho late meeting of shipowners , a new trade has entirely grown up between Manchester and New Orleans ; The English manufacturer does not wait till the cotton is imported to buy it ; he ' sends orders to New Orleans and other places to buy it there for him . This lousiness is now done to a considerable extent . These circumstances show that the trade with the United States at-present is in a perfectly sound condition , while we all know that the great trade of 1857 was yovy speculative and unsound . In reality , the extension then , is , in a great measure , justified by tho extension now ; but then a too great eagerness to get hold of tho increasing trade induced unwise speculation and ultimately led to a convulsion . An unfavourable instance of this new trade is mentioned in the American papers , of which our readers may perhaps have heard sontowhat before . Since the planters have by those purchases . been sure of at once getting rid of then * cotton , they appear to have taken to tho dishonest practice of adulterating it . As it is packed in the bags , a ne ^ ro with a shovel scatters white sand through it , just as the grocers arc said to sand siujnr . Some time in May last a Mr . Howard , of Manchester , purchased , by means of an agent in Mobile—a Mr . J . J . V . Wanroy , and , through a cotton broker of the name of Johnson , of that place , —100 bales of cotton . This cotton , without boinjjj removed from the bags , was conveyed to ( he null of the purchaser , and there , on being unpacked for use , was founti to contain 1 , 900 ll ) H . of sand . Through the agent , tho broker , and the merchants in Mobile , of -wnonx . he bought tho cotton—Messrs . Harrison and Bostwick- " - "the bales wore traced back to
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 3, 1859, page 20, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_03121859/page/20/
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