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772 • THE LEADE-R. USAyygp^
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SMOKE NUISANCE. The abatement of the smo...
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THE NATION'S FLEET. THE MOKNING. All tho...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The India Bill In The Lokds. Some Amendm...
as those ' in Portland harbour . Sir John Pakingtoit , on the whole , approved of the Bill . Mr . Macartney and Mr . Feancis Scully pointed out that there are too many prisoners in Irish gaols , and that convicts let out on tickets of leave would be injurious among the lower orders in Ireland . Mr . Addeely heartily condemned all transportation . Lord PalmeeSton in a reply explained that at the ' expiration of . their sentences the convicts would get employment or wages . ' As to the graver cases of offence , instead of sending them to Western Australia , it is proposed to employ them on the public works at Gibraltar and Bermuda , and other places where they can be conveniently disposed of . It will be the endeavour of the Government so to arrange and organize the system of treatment and confinement as to beget in the mind of the offender a conviction that industry is its own reward , and that it is better to live by industry than by the fraudulent use of the intellect . The Bill passed through Committee . The Bill was read a third time and passed last night . IRISH TENANTS . Three Bills having reference to the relations between landlords and tenants in Ireland were considered in the House of Lords on Monday . The first is the Leasing Bill . This may be divided into two parts , the one part enabling landlords and tenants to make sufficient leases , and the second part enabling them to make sufficient agreements for any special improvements that maybe considered desirable . Under the law as it now stands , every settlement , mortgage , and title-deed is an insuperable bar to the effective leasing of land in Treland , except under very special circumstances . The evil is remedied as regarded larger properties in Ireland by special Acts . One of the leading principles of the Bill is to do for small properties , by public enactment , that which is done for larger properties , by special Bills introduced into Parliament . Leasing powers vary . A rector is enabled to grant a lease for one year only , but a bishop can grant one for twenty-one years , and a tenant iji tail for fprjty-piie _ years . _ This : Bill : proposes to place all on the same footing , and to enable either of them to give agricultural leases for a period not exceeding thirty-one years . It may be called a Bill of consolidation and amendment , for it consolidates and amends as many as sixty Acts of Parliament . —The second is the Tenants' Improvement and Compensation Bill . This Bill facilitates the enforcement of contracts . It treats on the law of assignments , and it makes a provision , which is much dwelt upon by the Devon commission , for the establishment of local registers of leases and agreements . It adopts an . entirely new mode of legislation in reference to the prevention of wastes , particularly the practice of burning by tenants in Uoscommon and other parts of Ireland , whereby lands are greatly deteriorated . All acquainted with Ireland know that the Burning Acts are of a highly penal character , and that they have been found ineffectual for the purpose for which they were passed . The object of this 35111 is to prevent rather than to punish ; it will make it unnecessary for tenants to have recourse to such practices , and will enable the landlord to put a stop to waste by an easy and ready process . Tho Bill likewise contains provisions on that subject which has been a fertile source of injury to Irelandnamely , the practice of sub-letting , which , until it is mippressed , will prevent all great and essential improvements in land . Thero are also provisions respecting the improvement of cottages , not altogether dissimilar from those contained in the bill brought in by Lord Clanricardc , and introduced into the House of Commons a . few days ago . In addition , there are two enactments in the Bill somewhat modifying the existing law in reference to distress and ejectment . —Tho third and most important Bill is tho Tenants' Improvement and Compensation Bill . It gives compensation to tenants in the absence of any express contract between them and their landlords . The custom on which this provision is founded lias been recognised in Knglnnd . Before Knglish courts the custom was proved that the outgoing tenant might claim compensation for improvements , notwithstanding- the knowledge and eonwent of tho landlord has not been obtained . Mr . Justice ) Coleridge said it seemed to him that it was not an unreasonable custom for a tenant , who was bound to lise n farm according to the rules of good husbandry , to charge the landlord a portion of the expense ho had hiourred "in draining , nnd in otherwise improving the land . Mr . Justice . Krlo concurred in that opinion , and said , if that right of charging for improvements was not unreasonable in a contract , he could not kco that it was unreasonable in the custom . There can bo no doubt that customs having- tho forco of law , and going to the full extent , in particular instancies , of tho present Bill , prevail in England , in winch buildings as well ae drninago aro concerned , nnd
which the landlord is not able to set aside . In France the same principle prevails at the present dayj it existed in the latter days of the Roman Empire , and formed part of the Roman civil law . No tenant can claim for any improvements unless he give notice to his landlord of his intention to execute them ; but there is a . further security and restriction imposed , because the landlord can , if he choose , serve a counter-notice on the tenant , intimating that it is his intention to undertake the improvements himself ; and in the event of his making them , he can , under the Bill , claim seven per cent , from the tenant upon the outlay he has incurred . There is also another security given in the Bill . No tenant can claim compensation from his landlord for works executed with his sanction , unless he can show he is not in default in any payment , has not sub-let any portion of his land , nor has voluntarily abandoned the possession of it . The " retrospective " clauses provide compensation to dispossessed tenants for the improvements they have made . Deprecating the expected opposition of Lord Malmesbury , and giving Mr . Napier credit for originating the first two Bills , the Duke of Newcastle moved that they be read a second time . Lord Claneicaede objected to the haste with which those Bills have been pushed forward . They should be considered with very great care . The Tenants ' Improvement Bill violates all contracts . Lord Malmesbtjey objected to the Duke of Newcastle ' s attack on a single member of the Opposition , without any provocation whatever , quoted a letter from Mr . Napier , asserting that clauses were ¦ " dashed into the Bill" in the Commons , but admitted that Mr . Napier was in favour of the Bill being passed . He advised that the House should go into committee , and reject in Mo the Tenants' Compensation Bill , Lord St . Leonaeds also characterized the Bills as drawn up in such a way that their operation would strike at the root of all property . He advised that the Bills should be deferred until another session . Lord Abeedeen promised that if the House would agree to the second reading , the whole subject should ; be ... Mk en ... intp . cpn-..: i sideration at an early period next session . This proposal was approved of on all sides . The three Bills were then read a second time .
THE DRAINAGE OF LONDON . A bill to enable the Commissioners of Sewers to borrow 300 , 000 ? . was brought in by Lord Palmeeston . He promised that next session he would reconsider the whole question of the London drainage , and make provision for the representation of local opinion before the Commissioners should take any action . In reply to attacks on the Commissioners by Sir John Shelley , Sir Benjamin Hall , Mr . Peto , and Mr . Butlek , he indicated the character of future proceedings and excused the Commissioners .
" I shall take care that nothing shall be done in the expenditure of money which shall not bo approved of by tho consulting engineers of tho commission , feeling persuaded that in such men as Cubitt and Stephenaon the House will repose perfect confidence . I also perfectly agree with thoso who say that nothing 1 can be satisfactory until somo general sysfcomot'drainage is established—some system of drainage which will relievo the Thames from tho ignominious duties which it has hitherto boon called on to perform —( laughter and cheers )—that noblo river having boon converted into a groat sewor instead of being an ornament to tho metropolis . ( Hear , hear . ) I think such a system might be combined with tho application of side tunnels ,
which would rofoivc tho contents ot tho various sowers , and would bo substituted for tho river ; moans might also bo taken for converting thoso tunnels into what miners call upper and down east ; funnels , by moans of which tho foul air which rushed from tho gully-holes and poisoned tho atmosphere might bo converted into thoso funnels . I admit that the ratepayers have had just reason to complain that so lit . tlo lias been done to l'oliovo thorn from this source of pollution , but I think the Commissioners of Bowers have also mason to complain , inasmuch as they boing men of groat ability were placed in a situation where they had not tho means of accomplishing' what thoy desired , ( . hough thoy woro invested with the responsibility . Placed in sueli a position , tlio only wonder in that tho cnmmiri-Rionors did not strike work altogether , sooner than appear
to havo boon guilty of neglect , whore , as I havo already said , they had not tho means of carrying out their views . I have only to asmiro tho House that I . will feel it to be my duty to see that no work is undertaken in connexion with tho sewerage of the metropolis which will not , in tho lirst place , havo tho sanction of tlioso two eminent men , and that the works undortnlion shall be such as to connect ; places which aro not drained with existing outlets , and that all tho works shall be of pueh a nature nn may bo brought , into keeping with that groat and comprehensive plan which may horoal ' tor bo adopted . ( Hear , bear . ) I < im informed thai ; there aro about 2000 milori of Htreet in thin metropolis , whilst there are only SMH ) miles of drain « , therefore there are 1100 milen of street without drains , realizing what Milton hiijs of populous
eitien' Whore Iiouhoh thiolc unit mworn annoy tho air . " Hut it jn still more annoying to havo houao / i without tho Hewers . " ( Cheers . ) Tho Hill jmsBud through Oommittoo .
772 • The Leade-R. Usayygp^
772 THE LEADE-R . USAyygp ^
Smoke Nuisance. The Abatement Of The Smo...
SMOKE NUISANCE . The abatement of the smoke nuisance in the metro - polis is the object of another of Lord PalmebSton ' s bills—passed through committee on Monday . It compels steamers and factories to consume their own smoke . Some members opposed the bill—Mr . MlllSs , because it was impracticable ; . Mr . Blackett , because it would interfere with the .- coal trade ; and Lord Pttdi ^ y Stttaet ,. because smoke , though disagreeable ^ is not in , jurious to the public health . Lord Palmeesto ^ made a spirited reply : —' ¦ " It is easy to declare that it will be impossible to carry out the provisions of this bill , but a similar objection has been urged against every measure of social reform that has ever been introduced into this House . Proprietors of factories may say that it is impossible for them to consume their smoke ; but the House may take my word for it , that if Parliament will say to them , ' Gentlemen , you must consume your smoke , ' they will perform the impossib le achievement , and the metropolis will be relieved from a most intolerable nuisance . If ever there was a case in which the prej udices of the few are opposed to the interes ts of the many , the present is such , a case . It is not to be tolerated that a few wealthy gentlemen , who happen to be the proprietors of factories , should compel two millions and a half of their fellow-creatures to swallow smoke . It is a nuisance which is prejudicial to the health and comfort of the community at large , and it is also liable to this objection , that it destroys the beauty of the metropolis , and defaces our public buildings and architectural monuments . It injures all classes , but is especially pernicious to the humbler orders , who are unable to open their windows and let in even such air as a great city can afford , lest their habitation should be defiled with smoke . The opponents of the bill are prompted to their opposition by prejudice and ignorance . But their prejudice is unfounded and their ignorance is affected . They know very well that nothing is easier or more practicable than to conform to the provisions of the bill . The nuisance which , for selfish motives , they desire to perpetuate , is one which , they are well aware , is most prejudicial to the health , comfort , and physical enjoyment of two millions and a-half of her Majesty s subjects . I hope that Parliament will not back a knot of monopolists , to the prejudice of the community at large—( cheers)—but ' -that they will give their sanction to a measure , the necessity of which is acknowledged by every man of candour and intelligence . " After an attempt ( defeated by 66 ta 12 ) to preyent - the committal of the bill , the whole ijf the clauses were agreed to . daUish ceowit . Mr . Biackett wished to know whether the Government had any objection to lay upon the table the negotiations which , had taken place on the subject of the succession to the crown of Denmark . Lord Palmeestok said , the correspondence was exceedingly voluminous , extending over 6 , 000 folios , and its production would lead to considerable expense . Much of it was not of the smallest interest at the present moment ; but ho might explain in a few words how matters stood which led to tho negotiations . There was a prospect of the Danish Kingdom being split up into three parts , in the event of a failure of issue of the existing Sovereign , and these negotiations were opened to prevent such results . There would bo no objection to produce portions of the correspondence , but it would bo useless to produce the whole of it . Mr . Blaokett said ho would state privately to the Foreign-office such portions as ho required . HACKNEY CA 1 UUAOES . A clause imposing a penalty of 20 s . on any cab-owner withdrawing his cab without ten days notice to tho magistrate , has been added to tho Hackney Carriages Bill . Cabs aro to receive a shilling for each mile traversed in a district lying four miles from Temple-bar .
The Nation's Fleet. The Mokning. All Tho...
THE NATION'S FLEET . THE MOKNING . All tho authorities , all the dignities , and " all tho talents" of England , went down to Spithead , on Thursday , to see the Queen review her fleet . Tho morning gave happy promise of a fine day : the sky was slightly clouded , and thero was a wind from tho south-west , a light royal-sail breezo . Portsmouth poured forth from overflowing hotels , and crammed houses , tho thousands who had found sleep or shelter during tho night , and several magnificent charges woro made , by landlords and boatmen . Tho harbour was alive with craft of all kind—cutters , luggers , sloops , yachts , and schooners ; tho famous clipper , America , and houio grand mercantile steamers , being distinguished among tho world of nouting things that waited with steady puntingH , <> r dashed gaily to and fro upon tho waters . As tho day advanced tho nuiiHhino glistened brightly on tho pleasant Rcene , that lay from tho white beach of South- * m ' m , behind which every mound , every hillock , ovory rampart , every . housetop , Hwarmcd witji spectators—to the opposite hIioi-o of tho Isle of Wight and tho pier of Rydo , covered with men , women , and children . The wind was now east north-east , and tho day was ntill fine , soft white clouds floating placidly through tho blue « ky . Hero lay tho fleet , duly unmoored and hovo short , and with the wteain ( . 'Heaping in hugo whito puffs . There waa tho ginnl ( ship , tho mighty Duko of Wellington . Tho Admiral's flag waved from her must ; but
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 13, 1853, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_13081853/page/4/
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