On this page
-
Text (1)
-
strenuous to the combinations 618 THE LE...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Local Etymology: A Derivative Dictionary...
covered , in directions for pronouncing foreign names . Boulogne , " he request us , in italics , to call Boolon ; " Rouen , " " Rodong ; " " Denis , " " 2 ? tfnee ; ' \ "Le Mans , " * ' Le Mong , " & c . But we must not forget to mention that he defines the names " Mamelon " mid " Redan" as signifying a fortified mound , and a fortification " at Sebastop . oir We certainly were under the impression that they signified , in French , a mound and a fortification anywhere ; but Mr . Charnock evidently made his first acquaintance with the terms during the Crimean
war . , It is curious to observe the tendency to the mythical in the popular endeavours to account for the names of places . Shoreditch folks will tell you that Jane Shore , the naughty jeweller ' s wife , lived in their neighbourhood , and died there in a ditch , which completes the story . Shoresditch-place , "in the parish of Hackney , " about which Mr . Charnock quotes a long passage , is far away from Shoreditch . This place , which Strype says is " now called Shore ' s - place , still ffbes by the latter name . Unfortunately for the turns out to be named
popular story , Shoreditch after Sir John de Sordich , "a great man m Edward the Third his days . " Charing-cross , where Edward I . erected a cross to the memory of his beloved queen , is frequently said to have been ori-< nnally the cross of " Chore reme , " which is ingenious enough ; but unluckily the spot where it stood was called " Charing" before . queen orcross existed . Soho-square , where the Duke of Monmouth lived , was , in local lore , so styled , after the battle of Sedgmoor , at whiclx " So-hoe" was the rallying of the followers of the unfortunate
; cry ^ duke . Biit the locality was called " Soho "—an old huntin « -cry—when the place was fields , and the battle not yet fought . Quebec , some Canadians will tell you , got its name in this way :-j-On the first discovery of'the sharp extremity of the Isle of Orleans , Jacques Cartier , or his Normtui followers , exclaimed , in their patois , " Que Bee ! TQuel Bee !] " What a beak ! " and hence its name . But there canbe little doubt that it ' was named , like numberless other American places , and according to a natural propensity in emigrants , after a district of the same name in the country whence the settlers
came . Liverpool people will tell you that that name is derived from the liver , or lever , abird that used to frequent the marshy pool once the site of that town . The local heralds , ever fond of verbal resemblances , have favoured the stoiy by giving arms to the borough , " argent ^ a lever assure ; " but stern criticism / puts wholly asunder bird , . pool , and city . Something like a stand is made for Teddington , the highest point up the Thames which is affected by the tides , and which is hence popularly derived from " Tide-end-town ; ' or , in Anglo-Saxon , ** Tyd-end-ton . " But the story melts away in the face of the oldest records , which for
centuries call it « ' Totyngton . " Hackney is piausipjy reputed to be the first place where coaches were let out for hire ; but " hackney coaches , " originated , like other luxuries , in France , where they were called coohes-d ^ ha quenle-r-the latter word signifying in French a sort of cob-horse . Popular tradition , however , is not always to be despised . The illiterate are groat corrupters of names ; but they have , now and then * curiously enough , preserved a name whioh loose orthography has obscured . Bruminogen is not merely a vulgar pronunciation of Biraningham ; but , no doubt , nearly the true pronunciation of the ancient name of Bromwichham , There is still a neighbouring town called Bromwioh . So with Godahning , which the country folks call " Godlyming , " no doubt from God ' s-ley , the name pf the Hundred .
Sheppy , anoiently Sohopeyo , the grassy island at the mouth of the Thames , is simply the isle abounding in sheep , whioh is still a truo description . Berkshire is " Bare-oak-shiro , " from a " polled , " or lopped oak , like that in Windsor forest , -where our Anglo-Saxon anoestora held their Reform meetings . Chiswick is " Oheswioh , " the oheefle place , from a groat cheese fair which was irersnoro wi
A strenuous opposition to the principle of limited liability , introduced in the latter act , had bee n made up to that time . Both assurance companies and banks were expressly declared exceptions to the rule of limited liability in joint-stock partnerships , which was first promoted in 1855 , by the Act 18 & 19 Viet ., c . 133 . Legislators and the commercial classes had then discovered that the . principle of unlimited liability was ii myth ; that it had in no case of the bankruptcy of a public company —whether in a bank or a trading partnershipJl ever been able to realise twenty shillings in the pound to the cx-editors ; but that , on the contrary it had produced the effect of keeping many respectable and wealthy persons from joining such institutions in the character of shareholders .
" The nature of the business of banking , " so writes Mr . W . J . Lawson , the able and intellio-ent author of the "Handy-Book of the Law of Eanknifr , " now before iis- — " has been laid down by very hi » -h authority to be part of the ' law merchant . ' ^ t principally consists in borrowing money , or receiving money , at interest , as well as lending upon securities ; thereby forming a connecting Fink in the chain between the operative and inoperative classes , they become the debtors of the capitalists and the creditors of the producers or distributors of revenue , and thus afford a ready medium of
adjustment between the interests of these two great divisions of society . " As a matter of course , great complication and nicety of distinction must occasionally ensue in transactions -so important . Hence , both the statute and judicial law affecting banks and bankers , occupies no small portion of the study of . the profession , and should be practically understood by the public . Mr . Lawsqii has , therefore , in his excellent epitome of the law of banking , rendered great service to the community , by the concise and ready manner in which he has brought before the reader all the i * eally useful information bearing on the subject .
It has been the universal practice of bankers to make their notes jmyaMe to bearer on demand . Tlieir customers , too , have made their drafts upon them negotiable in like ¦ manner . Appreciating the facilities and security of . the banking , system , n want then arose amongst the industrial classes for institutions of a somewliat similar character for banks , which should enable the working man to deposit his small earningrf at interest for a particular time . Thus it was that savings' banks were Originated , between which and ordinary banks this marked distinction has always prevailed , namely , that no deposit can bo withdrawn from the savings' bank unless upon a notice delivered previously ; the period varying according to the Particular usaire of the bank , or to the amount of
the sum to be withdrawn . . ,. The first savings' bank instituted m this country was at Tottenham ; and a somewhat similar institution for the savings of female servants , at Bath , in the year 1808 , where no depositor was allowed to place more than 60 L , and the entire accumulated funds not to exceed 2 , 000 * . Uut to the Rev . II . Duncan , of Rothwell , in Scotland , is to bo attributed the merit of founding saving banks in their present complete form , J « ucl * ™ tno
did in the parochial bank of llothwell . Upon . modpl of this bank the then Government recognised their adoption , and passed an Act oi iwliament for their constitution . At tins tijno there are about 700 Government savings bunks in operation , holding deposits to . the oxgnt oi 35 , 000 , 000 / . sterling . Of this sum JWgJoWJ at least , may bo said tp . bo permanently mvestccl . A greater proof of the confidence winch . cin dustrial classes plaooin the probity and secuuty or our constitutional form of Government , and ot f . Vmh . « rftnoral nriidonce , cannot well bo sJiewn . 0
Important and widolv-sprcad , however , as a the ramifications of the savings V ™ Vi ? £ & there are many places in the Tjmted KWgJ having largo populations , and municipal instotu tions , ° whiou hive not the advantage © «¦ MJ « g bank . The Government , too , have not , liko miv » w banks or . private firms , flic hties for the mvc t mont of the savings' banks fluids . « P ° » ol J securities lhan the public stocks , »™ V "i . Vol able to give to the depositors a higher into cm intorost ( including the costs of management ) twin
3 / . 5 s . per cent . . _ . . . nn ( j Under the Joint-Stock Companies Act , nn " Joint-Stock Bank Aofc of 1858 , many of the ami ousltio formerly in the way oi the to" ™ '"; ° J Banka have been removed ; and tUo consequence
ford . " But . almost all such combinations begin with the name of the river , and the road at Watford crosses the Colne . The " Colne , " however , is so common a , naineibr rivers as to appear to have been almost generic , and . a branch of the Colne flowing thi-ough Watford is called the " Gade . We would , therefore , suggest that " Gadford" was the original name—the G , as all philologists know , easily becoming W , as in " Galles , " or Wales ; William , or Gulielmus ; Guare , or Wai-e . Nottmgham means " the home of caverns , " which is still justified by the caves of unascertained antiquity under the town . Piccadilly , London , was so called
from " Piccadilla Hall , where piccadillas , or turnovers , were sold . " Picadilla , or piccadil , was the name of the flat , white linen band , falling from the neck over the jacket , which was worn in Cromwell ' s time . Pimlico , Air . Charnock somewhat wildly declares , was named after Ben Pimlico , who sold nut-brown ale at Hoxton . Vauxhall , which popular story again connects with Guy Fawkes , or Vaux , who is said to have shipped h p powder kegs there , was named after " Fauk's Hall , " the property of a lord of the manor named " Faulk , in the time of King John . Woking , " found written Oking , " Mr . Charnock explains
as a corruption of words signifying dwellers on river " Wey . " But it is smgular that " Wokingham" in Berkshire , which is not on the river Wey , was of old called " Okinghain . " Runnymede , where Magna Charta was signed , derives its name , he tells us , from " run , a letter ; also council , or deliberation ; and meed , a meadow ; " which is curious , if true : but was not the place called Runnymede when the barons met there ? So as to Salthill i where the Eton boys demand their customary " salt , " Mr . Charnock names the hill from the fact ; but may not the fact have been named from the hill ? Money is not generally called " salt ; " the name of the locality may explain ¦
it . ' ¦¦ - . ¦ Such derivations as Tooleyrstreet from St . Olaves—curiously traced by our author thus : " Saint Olave , St . Olav , St . Qoly , Tooly , Tooley " , we leave to those who are more learned in philology . They certainly appear to us to proceed upon a method which must make the pursuit of local etymology , by no means difficult . Hamly-Book of the Laio of Banking . By William John Lawson . Effingham Wilson . The first half of the present century has created in the commercial world two great monetary interests , in which persons of all ranks and professions have a direct and individual participation . We allude ,
of course , to railway companies and joint-stock banks . Prior to the reign of George IV ., with the exception of the Bank of England and the Bank of Ireland , no such a thing as a joint-stock bank existed , and the whole of the banking business of the country , so far as relates to purely commercial and private customers , was conducted by private banking firms , each firm seldom consisting of more than five partners . Now , however , as in the case of railways , with an aggregate capital of about four hundred millions sterling , where almost every head of a family is a holder of shares in , and a traveller on railways , a largo proportion of the population have bank shares , and so are their own bankers . These persons have now , between thorn , created a hundred joint-stock banks in England ,
eleven in Ireland , and about the same number in Scotland , whose united capitals (^ subscribed for ) are to be numbered by millions of pounds alsofabulqus oven on paper , but in reality existing in the property and engagements of the co-partners . Upon the accession of Queen Victoria it wag found necessary to legislate upon the subject of joint-stock banks , which up to that time had been constituted under the Act of George IV . c . 6 ; and then the Aot 7 and 8 Viet . p . 118 , was passed to regulate joint-stock banks in England . This statute was followed b y the 10 th Viet . c . 75 , to regulate joint-stock banks in Scotland and Ireland , and by . others affecting the winding-up and detail management of joint-stock banks and joint-stook companies , down to the 18 th Viet . c . 108 .
An Act to amend the Law relating to Banking Companies , 20 & 21 Viot . o . 40 , was passed in August , 1867 ; and in August , 1858 , the Aob 21 & 22 viot . o . 01 , was passed , by which joint-stock banking companies wore , for the first time , ? enabled to bo formed upon the principle of limited liability , whovo such oompanios are not banks of issue , or those which issue their own notes , such as the Bank of England and the Bank of Ireland .
anciently held there , mauna V «»»» banic . abounding with pears , which is still apposite , wad was so , no doubt , in the days of Shakspore . JPqnteiraot , like Ponto-rptto , moans in Latin simply the broken ' btidge . LocU Lomond is denvately the flamo as Lake Loman ( Lacus Lemanus ; Leighton Buzzard is half Norman - Frondi-- " Leiton-boaut-desort . Watford , Mi * . Charnook tells us , is " said to derive its name from tlio Watlingstreet which passed in the vicinity , and from n
Strenuous To The Combinations 618 The Le...
618 THE LEADEU [ No . 477 , May 14 , 1859 .
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), May 14, 1859, page 14, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_14051859/page/14/
-