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lij&& JT gjE L^A|>| |t. [No, S?95,, Satu...
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PUBLIC MEETINGS. LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON MO...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The War. Atfotheb Defeat Of The Russians...
^ mm-m / mm- ^^^ 5 , Ck > 0 dead , which it took the Turkish infap ^ fo ^ r days to'bury .- ^ ^ fiiir ^ p iiriied tin & prisoners iii our possession amount to 160 ; whilsttiiose who were can ^ e ct bflf are jf aid to be upwards of 7 , 000 . . " . As the garrison , . was , afflicted with cholera * and I was apprehensive of V great increase of v tbe inalady , should this melancholy duty of the burial ' of the dead be not
pushed forward with every'possible vigour by our fatigued and jaded soldiers , I daily visited the scene of strife to encourage them in their almost endless task ; and I can assure your lordship that the whole battle-field presented a scene which is more easy to conceive than to describe , being literally covered with the enemy ' s dead and dying . " TheTurkish dead and wounded were removed on the night of the battle . The dead numbered 362 , the wounded 631 . The townspeople , who al 30-fought with spirit , lost 101 men . " His Excellency the Mushir has reported to his government those officers who particularly distinguished themselves—a difficult task in an army -which has shown such desperate valour throughout the unusual period of seven hours of uninterrupted combat . " I have , & c , ( Signed ) « W . F . WILLIAMS . «* The Earl Clarendon , & c . " THE FIXED IDEA " OF THK GRAND DUKE CONSTANTINE . The Pays publishes a long letter from St . Petersburg , the writer , of which ( a Frenchman ) gives a most fearful Account of the state of anarchy and distress to which the populace of Russia are reduced by the war . Unusual precautions are resorted to , to prevent the recruits from
deserting ; but they often contrive , nevertheless , to escape , and flying to the forests , live by brigandage and murder . "I think , " says the writer , " that if this state of things goes on for another year , Russia will fall into an anarchy -of bloodshed . ' * From the same letter it appears that '' the Grand Duke Constantine , ^ some time since , in a council of war , made a most singular proposition—¦ namely , to arm and equip the whole fleet of Cronstadt , fievel , and Sweaborg , to embark 20 , 000 men of picked troops , to make sail at a propitious' hour , to force a . passage through the allied squadrons , or await their departure , and the moment they left the Baltic to effect a landing in Scotland or England . "
The Emperor , it is said , at first sanctioned this project ; but , on the representation of the Empres 3 , that the expedition would leave St . Petersburg almost unprotected , he changed his mind . The Grand Duke , however , still holds to his scheme . " His fixed idea appears to be that he could sack . and burn London , or bury himself and his troops under the smoking ruins of the first commercial city of the world . " The letter-writer states that the Russian army available in the field does not exceed 400 , 000 or 500 , 000 men , her million effective , with another million for reserve , being in a great degree imaginary ; and that the Russian recruit is so slow in being drilled , that " after fen years he is not up in his exercise . "
TliE GREAT REDA . N . The Redan abounds with detached , features of interest , many of which are very curious aiid instructive . This might be expected , when it is remembered that the Redan comprehends within itself a vast and complicated fortby no means the simple work its name implies , derived from its elementary formation—armed with guns of every calibre , and id enormous numbers ; a series of remarkablyconstructed underground barracks ; raised bomb-proof cooking kitchens for the troops ; powder magazines , most ingeniously secured ; piles of projectiles of / , all shapes and denominations ; ah arsenal of stores , timber , platforms , gans to replace others injured ; and a sappers' yard , of engineering tools . Looking at the work as a whole , the :
attention is firat struck b y its massiveness of construction , and vastness of extent , covering ,, as it does , the principal part of the Karabelnaia suburb , and stretching across and completely defending a steep and broad hill , from the ravine which separates it from the Malakhoff to the Woronzoff ravine and head of the South harbour . The , -attention is next attracted by noticing how ] in respect to 'Its ' construction as a work of art , all ordinary rules of flirtiflcation have'been taken advantage of where usefulbroken , and new arrangemehta made , where not applicable ii- 'hoyr ( frvtoryUtflo advantage of ferpund I ho ^ heeii turned to account , and wha ^ doVicea haVjj bfeen ' resorted to when no natural advantage could be found ; arid' it is interesting to trace its gradual growth nnd increase as our works ! advanced , and new cover arid defohcea ' were required . Oh
examination © f the several parts , it is found that , wonderfully great ao in & st have been , the Amount' of labour , the care and attention to details have" been no lqas so . The work of the tiarttiieta ohoWd the greatest bare in the arrangement of its materials , and nothing was omitted that could udd to their firmness and strength . The sides of some of the huge traverses wore completely enclosed in strong hurdle-work , as carefully entertwlhed aha ' plaited aa if it had been basket-work , instead of a support to rough ' stones and earth . In like rridnner , to * prevent the crumbling of the earth of which the banquettes in rear of thu parapets were formed , they werp . all . pinbank ^ dn stakes ft ft . ^ rivja in , > h ( i ifnutuallyjronpor ^ edj W ,, 'riptytyr gaoion-FWork . In softie , places , where the Boil was very flfie and ( ii-W a plastering of mortar' was' laid over th \ i ^ Jfabe of the tutdlb ^ worE , or of tU gdblbris , to prbyerit aJO , ¦ U . d }• s « i : > j « J .. " L : k , \) ,:.,. . ' . ( 'i .. . ; ¦¦ . ; i ¦ ; ,. ;
forced the Russian Government to remove their establishments to Nicholaieff , on the confluence of the Bug and of the Ingul . The bar of the Bug has a depth of eighteen or nineteen feet ; the bar of the Dnieper has only eight feet water on it in ordinary seasons . The ships of the line are built at Nicholaieff ; but it is not improbable that small vessels and frigates of light draught may still be constructed at Kherson . The arsenal at Nicholaieff is very extensive ; but its principal supplies of timber came from the Dnieper , and the loss of these two rafts will be no
inconsi-* . * ' - 'ri * . '(^ r i ^» - ^ M > in * -:- ¦ ¦ j >' ln ' i ' . '" W' - ' M >'"'' j- '"' ''*'** »> -vJJ *« if-.. t- *> - ' ^ V-t - ^ rT » n :.-. '~ - » J" * . »•*• -. ' . -- -J . -- _ . * . * - * t . j . i—4 - ~ the dust from falling through the insterstices .- —7 ) ai 7 y l ^ ew iCarfpspondent . .,., - ¦¦ ' - -- ¦ ..-. ' . ' THE DOCKYARDS AT NICHOlrAIEFP * The dockyards of Nicholaieff are supplied with timber and wood from the government of Ligtewski , which , contains several large forests of fine trees . These are chiefly in the neighbourhood of Minsk , Mohilev , and Vitebsk . The wood is floated down the Dnieper to Kherson m rafts firmly clamped and bound together , with strong and substantial huts upon them for the navigators . Each raft is generally composed of 4 , 000 large trunks of oak trees , which are covered with knees and smaller pieces roughly shaped after drawings and instructions sent to the cutters , So as to require little trouble in being made available at once for use in the dockyards . They are floated as far as the current will take them down the Dnieper , and are met by the Government steamers outside or inside the bar off" the moutbs of that river , and are by- them towed up to Nicholalieff . There must be at Nicholaieff some small steamers at all events at this moment , but they have never stirred , nor have seen any traces of them in the Bug . Kherson was the great ship-building and maritime yard for the Black Sea Beet in former days ; but thedifficutly of building large ships there , or rather of getting them away thence when once they were built , owing to the shallow water on the bar of the Dnieper ,
derable injury , for fine oak timber such as tney contain is very dear and scarce in Russia . The timber in the casemated Spit Battery , and the expense of erecting it , came to no less a sum than 45 , 000 silver roubles , or j 67 , 500 English currency . It remains to be . seen if Austria can supply Russia with wood , as she already furnishes her with supplies of oil , groceries , and manufactures of all kinds ; that is , they are brought to Southern Russia through the Austrian provinces . Sir Edmund Lyons has presented one of the rafts to the
French—an act of courtesy and consideration which our polite allies , no doubt , estimate at its full value . Their dimensions are as follow : —The first is 420 feet long by sixty-three feet wide , and is six feet deep . The second is nearly the same length as the first , is fifty four feet broad , and grounded in eight feet water . At a rough calculation , the two rafts contain 90 , 000 cubic feet of the finest timber , and the present made by the English fleet to the French , through our Commander-in-Chief , cannot be estimated at a lower value than £ 20 , 000 . — - Times Correspondent . WAR MISCELLANEA . The Russian Abjii jn Bessarabia . —The Emperor ' s presence in Nicholaieff has caused a total change in the position and station of the troops in South Russia , more particularly in Bessarabia and the governments of Cherson and EkateririoslafF . This js especially the case with the forces on the banks of the Bug and along the shores of the liman ; among these is an unusually large force of cavalry and mounted artillery . Four of the eight . regiments of heavy cavalry that bad been concentrated at Berditschim , in the government of Kieff , at the time that even Russia believed in the . possibility of Austria ' s acting aggressively against her , have been , detached to the south-east towards Bessarabia and Cherson . Gen .
Luuers has changed the whole position of the army of the South , and , with his rear exposed . in perfect security to the Austrian forces , in Galicia and the Bukowina , lie now rests his right on the Pruth .-r-T Vw ^* ' Berlin Correspondent . , , . QjriNioifS off tkb Wab in Russia , —The accounts that are received in Berlin of the working of the war on the feelings of the bulk of the Russian population are very various , according to the circle where the observations were made , Th « y all coincide , however , in one point , —that the nobility i 9 the party most dissatisfied with Its lengthened duration , and its accompanying' sacrifices and privations . The lower classes seem to find little to complain of beyorid the frequent levies of recruits : corn { a
cheaper than usual , owing to the prohibition of export , the prices of labour have risen , and trade has in many brandies received a strong impulse , in others has formed for itself new channels . The discontented are the manufacturers , and those dependant on them , for the . want of coal « nd other raw material has brought all manufactures noli connected with war wants , to a standstill ; the aristocracy and the landowners , who are so heavily taxed by the levies oh their , ' erjfs ; and the rich in general , who oenblttvejy -feel the want of imported luxuries . .... The price of provisions in Sini pheropol has risen thirty-foldthus mutton , which formerl y cost 6 rie-thir 4 pf a penny petite ; how coats : la . 6 d . ¦ a fowl , that formerly cost about 2 d .. now coots'two eilKrer roubles , Ga . 4 d P | salt coats X 3 o ronWes rasaljfriBtaV *)* a berkowbtz ( about 8001 b . ) : for 1 ' ¦ ¦ , .- , Mill , | tV | ¦ , ! ¦ !!! . ¦¦• ,, N ! . ¦ " ¦ ' . ' ¦ . ' / ¦ •• . ( ,, ' ) IP " . V . > , ( ! , ( . ,. ¦
delivery next August , 122 roubles have been offered , part of the money 'down , and yet no ' sellers offer . This shows that the Russians have no very sppedy hope of driving the enemy int the « ea . —• Idem . The Smyrna Hospital — One of the assistanfc-sur . geonsof the Smyrna staff ,: Mr . Complin , a most promising young man , whose amiable manners and kind disposition had endeared him to all his companions , has just died in the Palace Hospital , at Constantinople . He was seized with , fever very soon after his arrival on voluuteer duty in the Crimea . He was , after some time , removed as far as Constantinople on his way to Smyrna ; but his constitutian could not survive the shock , and he succumbed to the violence of the attack . — Times Smyrna Correspondent .
The Russian Lossks at Kars . —I have seen a letter from Souchum Kaleh , of the 17 th October , written by a person who was at Kars during the late action , and who asserts positively that the loss of the Russians , in dead alone , was 6 , 500 , and their total loss about half their number of 30 , 000 . This evidence is very strong and positive , and , in conjunction with that collected from other sources , leaves little doubt that the Russians were more severly punished than even the first reports led m to expect . Several of their Generals were killed . —Times Constantinople Correspondent . The Danubian Principalities . —It is still affirmed at Constantinople that next spring an Anglo-French army will occupy the Danubian Principalities .
The Floating Batteries employed with so much success at Kinburn are the invention of the Emperor Napoleon . Sheathed in iron of great thickness , they are capable of resisting the hollow shot of General Paixhans , which , lodging in an ordinary wooden vessel , burst , and often produce a leak which may end in sinking the ship . But against the iron sides of these new gunboats , the hollow shot shiver into fragments , like glass . Recruiting for the Foreign Legion . —The Post Ampt Gazette contains a letter from Hamburg of the 6 th which states that the authorities of that place had instituted new proceedings against parties enlisting for the Foreign Legion . Several persons have been arrested , and among others the captain of the steamer Heligoland , who has taken many persons to the English recruiting depot He has been placed in solitary confinement .
Lij&& Jt Gje L^A|>| |T. [No, S?95,, Satu...
lij && JT gjE L ^ A |>| | t . [ No , S ? 95 ,, Saturday ,
Public Meetings. Lord John Russell On Mo...
PUBLIC MEETINGS . LORD JOHN RUSSELL ON MORAL AND POLITICAL PROGRESS . The first of a course of winter lectures , organized by the Young Men ' s Christian Association , was delivered at Exeter Hall , on Tuesday evening , by Lord John Russell , who took for his subject " The obstacles which have retarded moral and political progress . " The hall was crowded to excess , and among the company were Lord Panmure , the Right Hon . Vernon Smith , M . P ., Mr . Beaumont , M . P ., and several clergymen . The Earl of Shaftesbury presided .
Lord John Russell ' s discourse was of considerable length , and embraced a large amount of reference to historical examples . One of the main obstacles to progress t ; ne lecturer found in religious fanaticism ; and here he argued against the assertion of Dr . Johnson , that a man has a right to publish his op inions on religion and morals , and that the magistrate has an equal right to punish him , if those opinions are contrary to what society has agreed on . This , said the lecturer , would be to admit two contradictory rights , two repugnant dnties , in violation of all our notions of divine and human Justice . The true
policy he conceived to be in the free publication of ull doctrines . The chief religious persecutions of the world were rapidly sketched , and an amusing instance was related of the way in which intolerant decrees are sometimes evaded . — " The best commentary on Newton ' a ' Principia' i « written by JTacqiiier and Le Suor , two members of tho Society of Jesus . This commentary is so simple and complete that it enables a person who lias but" an imperfect knowledge of mathematics to comprehend and to master the sublime discoveries of Newton . There was , however , a trifling objection to the publication of this commentary . The Popo had , by his decrees forbidden any one to maintain tho doctrine of the motion of tlte eurth . The learned
Jesuits disposed of this difficulty very easily . They prefixed a notice to this part of the work dtclaring that they bowed with implicit submission to the decision of tho Pope that the sun moved round the earth , but thnt they had been incited by curiosity to ahow what would huvo been the case had it been a truth , instead of a fiction , that the earth moved round the sun . The world laughed and learnt ; the Holy See was satisfied , and silent . " Having noticed the obstacles to progress offered by Governments in undue repression of popular liberty , the lecturer proceeded to examine the obstacles springing from the people themselves , nn « discovered them in tho intemperance and ignorance of the poor , and in ^ e , sensuality , selfishness , cvv
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 17, 1855, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_17111855/page/4/
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