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The Testimonial to Mr. Samuel Coubtauud ...
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* Farini, Whom No Ono Will Accuse Of Dom...
leterolreitebus Sarts ^ hich have been gradually fflSSSS 35 « SoiM rt « d-M * o the present compact SaS ^ aPc 6 ntrabut e < r its iota of traditional S ^ W r egain the absolute power of the head , our readers must have the patience to give a rapid glance at the states fronrthebr origin . ! . § 3 ie Burgundians , a branch of the . Vandals , Who formerly inhabited the ancient Germanic Srests , crossed the Rhine in the fifth century , and made themselves' masters of the whole territory lying between Switzerland and the Rhone . These Sturdy Gelfei were the last to yield to the Roman Jarms , but , after desperate , conflicts , JEtius , the Roman general , took their king prisoner , and exterminated more ; than half the race . To the
remainder he granted the territory of Savoy , and by gradual conquest the Burgundians extended their kingdom to nearly -its ancient limits . This kingdom was afterwards divided between the Franks and the Western Empire ; Savoy was subject to all the kings of the Merovingian race , while Piedmont , on the extinction of the Western Empire , formed part of the kingdom of Italy under © doacer , and then of the kingdom of the Lombards . Merged in the vast empire of Charlemagne , which united the possessions of the French kings'to those of the monarchs of Lombardy , the inhabitants of Savoy and Piedmont shared the wise institutions of that great legislator . *
V . We hear of the parliaments of Montferrato , the vfMs ( generaux of Piedmont , Savoy , and the valley df'Aasta as late as 1560 . Tesauro , in his Origin of the < 2 ivii Wars , wherein he dilates on the value of these assemblies , says : — "As the princes of Savoy became more powerful , this tribunal gradually lost its strength and liberty ; little by little it sank , and at length disappeared altogether . Bath Lpuis XI ; and Emmanuel Philibert ( mofia ' rchs bf France and Savoy towards the end of the sixteenth century ) attribute to themselves the gTSi ^' bf hkving diminished the power of these SsiseniblieB in thttir'kmgdoms ;"
- When in' 1821 the "Piedmontese attempted , but failed , ta obtain a representative government , the infeihory of these , assemblies was too confused to g ive them a rall y ing point . Still , remnants of nlunicipal privileges among the Piedmontese , and that indomitable love of independence which distinguished ihe X » igiirians from the remotest times , ketft the fire from dying out . It was evident to 0 ffarles-Aibe ' rti whets he came to the throne , that 1 $£ subjects retained amon ^ 'tTlfem'the pi-Oofs that freedom , is of older date than despotism , and he , ^ iser than the tyrants of Southern Italy , set himself to commence at least the restoration of that
twvjSqtie liberty , which his successor , as we shall presently show , has continued to develop to ' an extent far exceeding what is generally supposed iWEb g laiid . '" '! ' " ' ' ' "" \' ' ' ' ' Y - ' Charles the Bald , to whom Burgundy fell in the p ' art ? tion of /| he empire of Charlemagne , made titles and dignitaries hereditary among the nobles , ^ liJt thu s paved the way for the tremendous power tci which some of them afterwards attained , itodolph , one of . the most powerful of these nobles , erected all the countries east of the Saone , including the ancient kingdom of Burgundy , into one' kingdom , to which ho gave the name of Upper fiurgundy , and in 888 caused himself to be elected icing ? It ' was during the reign of Rudolph IIL , last King of Upper Burgundy , before it passed
into the hands of Conrad , King of the Germans , and Emperor of the West , that Humbert the ' ^ White-handed , " Count of Maurienne , appears , ^ liis tTmbertQ Biancayiano is the firs t historical K'hceBtOr of the present dynasty of Savoy . Cibrario , whose researches and reputation entitle him to confidence , proves that Humbert was the Second son of Otto Giuglielmo , " a prince of regal blood , who came to Burgundy , nnd there acquired fcy this virtues ' considerable possessions ; " that Otto Was the son of Adalbert , and grandson of J 3 orengai'iua . King of Italy . Thus he Says , with evident wide ; the Howie of Savoy is the " oldest existing Branch- of Italian Princes , and the " only one in whoke Veins riihfl the blood of Borengariue I ., V i i ¦ ¦ , '' . ¦¦ ii ¦ ¦ '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ •' , ' ¦ ¦ ,, | Ti i ' ¦' , ¦ ¦ . ,.,, | , ¦ , r . ~ " ~ ¦ . * , It . vraa Charlemagne who uret admitted the people ioiform the third estate in the annual assemblies or parliijm ^ ata , where formerly thb clergy and the nobles had Alone deliberated on public affairs and transacted tho buajtaeaa of legislation . Each of the provinces into Whtoh his empire was divided sent up twelve representatives , These general assemblies continued for conturjea tPfcxerofao an unpleasant but wholesome restraint on the Savoy princes .
Guido , Berengarius II ., and of Adalbert , Italian Kings of Italy . " * In the civil wars between Rodolph III . and _ his rebellious vassals , Humbert always remained faithful to the king , after whose death we find him the friend and counsellor of Ermengarde , the king ' s widow . He also supported the claims of Conrad to the throne , who confirmed him in the territories that he had inherited from his father or received as gifts from Ermengarde , and gave him the military jurisdiction over several other parts of Savoy , the valley of Aosta , and the Lower Valais . But it was Adelaide of Susa , by her marriage with Oddo , Humbert ' s son , who brought such
accession of territory and power to the house of Savoy . The marquisate of Italy comprehended all the valleys on the Italian side of the Alps , with Turin and several other counties , which on the erection of Italy into a separate kingdom formed the border reg ion . Oddo , by his marriage with Adelaide , heiress to her father , Manfred , Marquis of Italy and Count of Turin , thus extended his dominions to the banks of the Po , and by adding the passes of Mount Cenis and Mount Genevre to those of the Great and Little
St . Bernard which | he already possessed , became master of the very gates of Italy . This same Adelaide , who ruled the kingdom after her husband ' s death , as colleague of her son Amedeus , and as regent of her grandson Humbert II ., first taught the House of Savoy the value of these passes as a means of adding to their domains . She extorted Bugey , a province in Burgundy , from Henry IV ., her son-in-law , in return for allowing him to cross St . Bernard on his passage to meet Gregory VII ., and following in her steps whenever any of the western kings entered Italy , the Savoy princes required some addition of land or power in return for the thoroughfare thus made of their
dominions . . After the death of Adelaide , her heirs went on steadily increasing their king dom on the Burgundian side of the Alps ; but although the old chroniclers are fond of . styling their , early princes «* Count of T «« n , " Marquis of Monferrato , " & c , it was not until the fourteenth century that the house of Savoy acquired any solid footing in Italy . Sismondi , in speaking of the inhabitants of the cities of Italy who associated for common defence against their enemies , among whom he classes "the emperors of Germany , who called themselves their sovereign , " says , " These same men , whom , emperors , i prelates , and nobles considered only as freed serfs , perceived . that they constituted almost the only public force in Italy . " And these " same men" hesitated not to throw off their
allegiance to any and every governor whose govern ^ ment was irksome to them . __ Sometimes they would declare themselves nominal vassals of the empire , and refuse any intermediate authority- At others the contests between the emperors and the popes ( which gave rise to the factions of the Guelphs and Ghibelines ) furnished them with ample opportunity for disclaiming all foreign sway . " Among the towns of Piedmont , Turin took the lead , and disputed the authority of the Counts of Savoy , who called themselves imperial vicars in that country . Montferrato continued to have its marquises . They were among the great
feudatories who had survived the civil wars ; but tho towns and provinces were not in subjection to them , and Asti was more powerful than they were . " Even during the reign of Humbert II ., we find Turin , Asti , and the other great cities in a state of revolt ; and Durandi in his " Piedmonte Cispanado Antico , " preserves the treaty between " Count Humbert of Savoy and the consuls of the city of Asti , " whereby tho so-called " Lord" confirms all the privileges of the citizens of Asti , ¦ "g rants them new territories , and a free passage
throughout his dominions . In a subsequent article we snail show how these inhabitants of the Marches , whoso " savage independence stood them in the place of liberty , revolted against and even took prisoners some of tho Savoy counts , whose sway was tyrannical , and again offerod their voluntary allegiance to others whoso wisdom and goodness stood for them an authority that no emperor or pope could have given to them in those time ' s . As wo shall only refer to those princes who figure p rominently in the history of the States , to avoid * Cibrario , in hia Storia delta Monarchia di Savoia , differs at times from Paradlno and Gulcheron , the old chroniclers of Savoy j but Sismondi also disputes the truth of their records .
confusjon , we subjoin here a chronological list of the Savoy dynasty irom Humbert X down to the reigning king , without specifying their successive titles , " Count of Maurienne , " " Count and Duke of Savoy , " " King of Sardinia . " Humbert I ., 1032 ; Amedeus I . and Oddo , 1048 ; Adelaide , regent , and Amedeus II ., 1060 ; Humbert II ., 1091 ; Amedeus III ., 1103 ; Humbert HI ., 1149 ; Thomas I ., 1188 ; Amadeus IV ., 1233 ; Boniface , 1253 ; Peter , 1263 ; Philip I ., ] 268 ; Amedeus V ., 1285 ; Edward , 1323 ; Aymon , 1330 : Amedeus VI ., 1343 ; Amedeus VII .,
1383 ; Amedeus VIII ., 1391 ; Louis , 1440 ; Amedeus IX ., 1465 ; Philibert I ., 1472 ; Charles I ., 1482 ; Charles II ., 1489 ; Philip II ., 1496 ; Philibert II ., 1497 ; Charles IIL , 1504 ; Emmanuel Philibert , 1553 ; Charles Emmanuel I ., 1580 ; Victor Amedeus , 1630 ; Charles Emmanuel II ., 1638 ; Victor Amedeus , 1675 ; Charles Emmanuel III ., 1730 ; Victor Amedeus IIL , 1773 ; Charles Emmanuel IV ., 1796 ; Victor Emmanuel I ., 1802 ; Charles Felix , 1821 ; Charles Albert , 1831 , who abdicated March 23 , 1849 , in favour of his son , Victor Emmanuel II ., the reigning king .
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£$ fo ! 28 § , S & fttrday ,
The Testimonial To Mr. Samuel Coubtauud ...
The Testimonial to Mr . Samuel Coubtauud was presented at Braintree on Tuesday , the Corn Exchange being the scene of the ceremonial . Sir William Clay , Bart , M . P ., presided . The Rev . David Rees , the secretary to the committee , having read the report , the chairman addressed the meeting , and gave a history of Mr . Courtauld ' s exertions during a period of sixteen years , until , after many adverse decisions in inferior courts , the House of Lords established the great principle that a church-rate , to be valid , must be assented to by a majority of the parishioners . Mr . Courtauld replied in a speech of great length , in which he discoursed on the question of church-rates in the abstract , the injustice of which he denounced ; and speeches were also delivered by Mr . Miall , M . P ., and Mr . W . J . Fox , M . P . The latter
observed : —" He trusted he might be excused by the warlike emblems ' around him from saying that he regarded the present war as most favourable to the extension of principles of religious equality , if it were only ou account of the differences of religion of the Allied armies ; for there fevfeiry form of the Christian religion , and forms beyond the Christian religion , were to be found . Yet what was the result ? They prayed apart , but they charged together . { Great applause . ") He was happy to congratulate them on the accession of a convert . He had received a circular from the Vicar of Braintree , asking for a voluntary subscription for the . parish church . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ") The vicar expressed himself an unwilling convert ; but they were willing to receive unwilling converts . " After several toasts had been drunk , the company separated .
Islington Literary and Scientific Society . —A meeting was held in the theatre of this institution , on Thursday evening last , the purpose o presenting a testimonial to Mr . Joseph Simpson , on the occasion of his retirement from the office of librarian . The chair was occupied by Charles Woodward , Esq ., F . R . S . ( President of the Institution ) , who , in a highly-complimentary manner , bore testimony to the zeal and ability displayed by Mr . Simpson in the discharge of his duties during the eight years he had been connected with the society ; and presented him , in the name of the officers of the society , and the subscribers , with a handsome timepiece , and a purse of 30 J ., the proceeds of a general subscription among tho members . Mr . Simpson , in an appropriate speech , expressed his great gratification , stated tho cirumstances which led to his resignation ; and warmly thanked tho officers and members of the society , not only for their parting gifts , but also for the many previous acts of kindness which he had received from them . " Chance Medley . "—An inquest was hold before Mr . Curry , tho coroner of Liverpool , on Saturday , on tho body of an infant named Robert Price , who had died under tho following circumstances : —Tho parents of tho child , who arc m a humble sphere of life , occupy a house in Mile-street , Toxteth-park . Tho deceased was born on Thursday , the Cth fast ., and in tho course of tho day a doctor ordered it a dose of castor-oil . A girl in tho room was told that she would find a bottle containing oil on a aholf down-stairs . On going to the placo she found two bottles , a small one , containing vitriol , having boon placed there some time previously by tho fathor , who at this time sat in tho kitchen , but made no attempt to ascertain whether tho girl had got tho right bottle . Up-stairs wont tho girl , who gave tho bottle to a woman in tho room , and tho nurao asked her to pour out half a toaspoonful . This was done , and tho nurso poured some into tho child ' s mouth . Tho infant screamed , and tho nurso then put tho spoon to her own lips , which wore burnt by the touch . Tho doctor was sent for , nnd every attention was paid to tho child ) which lingered in dreadful torture until Thursday lnat , when it died . Tho jury returned a verdict of " Chance medley , " which tho coroner said was a » near as possible to manslaughter , and would bo passed aa a mark or censure upou tho nurso for not uaing more care on tno occasion . Ho wondered her nose had not detected the difference between castor-oil and sulphuric acid .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 29, 1855, page 16, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_29091855/page/16/
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