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palace and prison has just been rebuilt ) presents to the nineteenth century . Must the bark of Peter be rowed by galley slaves ? Must the fisherman ' s ring be the signet to seal death-warrants ? Must the functions of Nero be performed by the successor of his supposed victim ? They show you in Rome the Mamertine dungeon , where Catiline ' s confederates were immured ; where Jugurtha , Zenobia , and a host of illustrious prisoners were let down . Peter was thrown , they tell you , into that monumental cavity , at the foot of the Capitol , coeval with Tullus Hostilius : and the memory of minor captives is merged in the monopoly of marvel which that circumstance establishes for this prison-hole .
" That Peter was once a prisoner we have warrant in holy writ ; that an angel drew him forth to light and liberty % ve read in . the Acts of the Apostles . But where do we gather that he , in his turn , became a gaoler , and kept the keys not of heaven , but of a bridewell ? Where is the angel of freedom that is to lead forth to life and light the lofty spirits—the pure souled patriots , the generous and intrepid men whom this abhorred system keeps rotting in the treble-barred lazarhouses that are filled to suffocation with such noble captives throughout the ' Patrimony of Peter ; ' for so central Italy is ludicrously
as well as ignommiously designated . Down to the dust —down to uttermost abyss with this soul-destroying and mind-debasing and infidel-creating system . What a figure does our native country present to the eye of calm intelligence , to the lover of human rights , to the student of Christ ' s gospel ? Away with an imposture that paralyzes while it degrades . Away with the night hag that squats on the breast of Italy , checking the current of its lifeblood , and clogging all the functions of national vitality , hideous as it is oppressive , and clumsy as it is calamitous , incubus and vampire combined in one abominable compound of monstrous deformity . "
" His peroration , ' says the Daily News , ' * was a vigorous onslaught on the late papal attempt to bring England down to the same level of grovelling serfdom which the system has established in other countries . He maintained that this scheme was hurried into execution by the underlings of Austria and Russia at Home . The sympathy Wiseman has manifested in his late pamphlets for the ' unarmed . Haynau ' was a significant symptom of the tendencies which the new ' mitred phalanx' was expected to foster among the faithful in perfidious Albion . To create a division in the heart of England was an object dear to the despots of th >; world ; but the Father trusted in the good sense and manly bearing of the English nation for the utter discomfiture of this armada of ' invincible' ignorance and unteachable bigotry . "
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THE CRYSTAL PALACE . The exertions of the contractors to complete the building in Hyde-park continue to be carried on with undiminished activity , the number of men employed in the works being not less than 1980 . Of these by far the lurger number are employed in completing the ground and gallery flooring . The progress which has been made in tins portion of the works during the past week has been surprising , and in a few days the whole of the flooring upon the south side of the building will bo completed . On the north side , also , considerable progress has been made in laying the framework and permanent flooring . At the
northwestern extremity of the building , which will be occupied by the machinery in motion , it is not intended to complete ; the flooring until some portions ot the heavier articles have arrived . The glazing of the transept is being pushed forward as rapidly as possible , and upwards of two hundred feet of it are iini . shcd . The iron milings ; irc : also fixed along a considerable extent of the cross and longitudinal galleries , and from their light and elegant structure they give a finished and highly ornamental appearance to th () , si ) portions of the . building where they ure fixed . It was 01 i » inally intended to have hud a plain upright iron railing ; but the contractors have consented , at a considerable loss to themselves , to fit up the present very elegant railings at the same price as ¦ wan agreed upon for t ! io *<; of aplainnr description . So
far an the actual work connected with the building is concerned , it will bo completed on or before the end of the month . The progress made in the decoration and painting of the interior must of necessity be comparatively slow until after this period . The [ minting of the transept , however , and some portions of the south side , will be commenced in u few days . The contractors having undertaken to receive and unpack articles intended for exhibition , take charge ! of the packing cases , fix works , keep in order machinery and models , supply gloss cases , stands , and furnish and fit up BtullH according to the wishes of the exhibitor , it is obvious that they will not finally leave ; the building Tint . il the Exhibition is over , and a largo number of ¦ workmen will continue to bi ; employed by them in completing the necessary fittings up to tho period of its opening .
OHiccH have ; been fitted up by tho contractors , for their own occupation and that , of their clerks , on the left of the- grand entrance ! on ( he ! wont lie-in wide e ) l the ; building , where intending exhibitors may obtain all the ; necessary information with re ^ pe-cl to the ; fitting up "I 111 «• ( . pace definitely allotted to the > m . Temporary rou ^ h hoardings an ; beting construe : tcd to indicate ; the . spaces in which it in proposed to nrp ; trate the productions of tin ; vnriouM exhibiting nations ciio from the othor . It haa bcon determined thut tho
half of the building -westward of the transept is to be devoted to the reception of the productions of the United Kingdom and the colonies . In the eastern aisles and galleries will be grouped the materials and manufactures contributed by foreign countries . In determining the positions assign **! to them on what may be termed the map of the Exhibition , the executive committee have been guided chiefly by the latitude of the places , but as various causes of
alteration may arise previous to their final adjustment any statement of the order in which it is at present proposed to arrange them would be premature . There is no doubt , however , but that there will be 4 i ample room and verge enough for all . " Permis * sion has at length been obtained from the Commissioners of Woods and Forests to remove one of the trees near the grand entrance , the preservation of which was owing to the persevering exertions of Colonel Sibthorp .
The Duchess of Cambridge , the Duke of Cambridge , the Grand Duke and Duchess of Mecklenburg , and the Princess Mary visited the building on Monday . Amongst the visitors who inspected the building last week were the Duke of Devonshire , the Duchess of Sutherland , the Bishop of London , Earl of Aberdeen , Earl Granville , Viscount Canning , Prince Bariatinski , and Sir E . Codrington .
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THE NEW MANCHESTER EDUCATION SCHEME . Sir John Kaye Shuttleworth has addressed a letter to the Manchester Guardian expressing his generat approval of the new educational scheme , to which we adverted last week . The Times of Thursday also declares strongly in favour of it , and Mr . Joseph Kay , whose late work on The Social Condition of England entitles his opinion to some weight with the friends of education , speaks of it in highly favourable terms . In a letter to the Morning Chronicle , after giving an outline of the proposed plan , he concludes by saying : —
" It is a very great event that religious antipathies should have so much decreased in Manchester , and that religious charity should have so much encreased , as to render even the proposal of such a scheme possible . It will be a still greater event if the inhabitants of that wealthy city are a ^ ile to succeed in effecting their object . " Tf they do , the question of national education will be in reality settled in England , as it will be shown what is possible , even in a town divided into so many different religious sects as Manchester , when people are only in * telligent enough to perceive the necessity . " It will be a remarkable thing if the active merchants and manufacturers of the north , so overwhelmed as they necessarily are by their vast commercial undertakings , should have the honour of solving the education question . It will add another leaf to the laurels of Manchester .
" The inhabitants of that city were principally instrumental in breaking off" the shackles from the enormous commerce of our empire . They are now completing a stupendous work , in order to convey to the city an unlimited supply of fresh water . They have made the town one of the cleanest and best lighted of any of the empire . They have newly-completed a great free library for the poor , and they are just finishing one of the most perfect and commodious hospitals in the kingdom . " I hope , Sir , that in a few months we may be able to add to ull this that they have obtained for themselves one of the best working schemes of public education that the world has yet seen . "
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THE PARLIAMENTARY AND FINANCIAL REFORM ASSOCIATION . The second annual report of the Council of the National Parliamentary and Financial Reform Association lias just been published . It seems that the large pecuniary resources asked by the conference of April last have not been accorded . Failure in this has , to some extent , checked the operations of the society , and necessarily compelled the Council to adopt measures of a less extended character , and te > follow a course of uctiem more in accordance with their means than with their wishes . The subscriptions rcce ; ive ; d during the ye ; ar 18 / 5 O excee'd the
amount received during 1819 by the Hum of JCS' 1 ' 2 li ) . s ., whilst tho subscriptiems received for the year 18 /> 0 exceed the amount received for 1818 by the sum of £ 1 / 500 li ) s . ' , id . The expenditure in 181 !) nmounteel to £ 1011 4 s . /» d ., whilst the ! subscriptions received for that year were only £ lf > f >!) l «) s . ; so that the ; Council had anticipated the income of the Association for the following ye'ur to the extent of £ , ' {/"> 1 fin . fld . Hut the expenditure in the past year ( I H /> 0 ) having amounted te ) £ . ' 17 Wl . ' {« . Id ., whilst the receipts fe > 7 that period having amounted te > £ . ' { 0 ( 5 0 18 s . . ' ( d ., shows that , the actual incemio for IN / 5 0 has exceeeled
the expenditure by £ 278 l /> s . 2 < h The labours of the AKsociatiem gratuitous , with the exception of tho ( ravelling expenses—have be « en extensive ) and incessant . The ; numbci of public nu-eUngs which the ; y have held during the last , twelve months amemnta to Tl ' A—121 <> f which have been in London and the : suburbs , iuelueling twit aggregate ; meeting !* , neve-ii monthly Boir 6 e-H , and three Imrough nohees — and ! M ) in the provinces . Tlie ^ e ine-eJtingH have ; beeui invariably attendee ! by one or more ! e > f the ; members of the Association , and its principles and objeota have been explained and enforced .
At the same time the Council have circulated upwards of 160 , 000 addresses , tracts , pamphlets , and other papers . For the coming year the Council propose an active agitation in the metropolis , by means of monthly soirees , at which addresses will be delivered , at the London Tavern . The first address will be given by the veteran leader of Reform , Mr . Joseph Hume , M . P ., on Monday , the 3 rd of February ; tlie second by Mr . W . J . Fox , M . P ., on the 10 th of March ; who will be followed by Mr . C . J , Bunting , the Norwich operative ; Mr . Edward Miali ; Mr . George Thompson , M . P . ; Sir J . Walmsley , M . P . ; Messrs . Henry Vincent , T . J . Serle , R . J . Slack , "W . T . Haly , and others .
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PUBLIC MEETING AT JOHN-STREET . On Tuesday evening the New Chartist Executive held their first public meeting at John-street . Mr . O'Connor moved the first resolution , declaring the indispensibility of the Charter as a means of purifying the House of Commons . He stated what was certainly new to his hearers , as it will be to the public , that during the Convention of 1839 , the Government offered him a judgeship if he abandoned the Charter , and that with his usual patriotism he spurned the offer . Mr . G . J . Holyoake seconded the resolution , and endeavoured to show that the power that must win
the Charter was to be created by establishing unity within their ranks , and commanding respect out of it . He explained the simple democratic principles by which this result was to be achieved ; namely , submission to majorities , and deliberation for the entire peejple . Until political bodies could practise obedience to their own authorities , they can lave no protection against the feuds of private interest and personal ambition . Unless they were also able to comprehend that Democracy was a contest where patience , as well as courage , was required to
win , they would make no substantial progress . If they were to have an agitation that could be relied on , they must promptly and effectually support it . He , as one of their Executive , must not be expected to come and personally solicit funds . If their agitation was not worth supporting , it was not worth having ; and to be impressive it must have dignity . A vote of confidence was next agreed to , and addresses from Mr . Reynolds , Mr . Harney , Ernest Jones , and Mr . O'Brien followed . Mr . O'Brien was very witty and , as usual , very long . The meeting was very crowded and successful .
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THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION Held their usual weekly meeting at their office , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , on Wednesday evening last . Present—Messrs . Arnott , Grassby , Harney , Milne , O'Connor , and Reynolds . Mr . Jones received leave of absence to deliver his lecture at Cowperstreet . Mr . Holyoake was absent at the John-street institution , of which he is president . Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds presided . Correspondence of a highly encouraging and progressive tendency was received from the councils ot the following localities , viz . : — Bermondsey , Bradford , Burnley , Cheltenham , Coventry , Dundee , Exeter , Greenwich , Hastings , Hebden Bridge , Leicester , Limehouse , Merthr Tydvil , Paisley , Pudsey , Rotherham , Roy ton , Staly bridge , button-in-Ashfield , and Warrington ; also from Liverpool and Stockport . On the motion of Messrs . O'Connor and Harney i % was unanimously agreed — * ' lhat for the future the votes of the committee ) he ; published , with the names . " Tho sub-committee appointed to correct the list of places to send delegates to the National Convention submitted their report , which we ahull give next week . It was unanimously adopted .
lhe secretary reported that the Literary Institution , Carlisle-street , Porttnan-murket , had been engaged for a public meeting on Thursday evening , Jaauary 2 ; 5 rd ; that the British School-roeim , Cowpcratreet , ^ ity-road , had also been engaged for n similar purpose on Monday evening , January 27 th ; that the United Councils of the Tower Hamlets met em Sunday last at tho Woodman Tavern , Waterlootown , at which meeting about forty Councilmen attended ; ami that , after transacting their local business , it was unanimousl y agreed that a Ball ami Concert be held , on behalf of the Executive Fund ; and a Hub-committee , consisting of Messrs . Stubbs , Westerly , Newley , Reynolds , Verdelle , WftWron , uiul AlKlorcl , were appointed to out tho mums .
carry A V M' "/ . Colk't . the Hccretury to tho Committoo ibr the : Abolition of Tuxes on Knowledge , attended aa a deputation from the said Committee , tosolicittho co «> i > erution and assistance of the Executive in this important ob ject . Mr . Collet , at great length , stated what tho Committee hael done in order to effect the removal ot the Literary obstacles to impression ; anel trusted that they should have the support of all true l )« i « ocrftt 8 in their , ; ndeavouris te > break down these ) barriers to the spread of intelli * n « m .
, ° " U »« . «»<> tnm , of Meters . Arnott and Harney , it was unanimousl y agreed- " That Mr . Collet bo re ; - ccivea ns the deputation from tho Committee , wit h
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 18, 1851, page 52, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1866/page/4/
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