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pressed his opinion that it would be productive of litigation , and not prove a settlement of the question . A project for a dinner to Lord Naas , at Belfast , evaporated very rapidly , as the leading men of Belfast refused to join in any compliment to a member of a Protectionist government . ^^
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LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ From our own Cobeespondent . ^ Letter XIII . Paris , March 23 rd , 1852 . The election of M . Carnot , the republican candidate for Paris , has caused considerable annoyance to the government . For some time past the Republicans had been overlooked ; the Orleanists were monopolising the ' preoccupations' of M . Bonaparte . But since the Paris elections have disclosed the vitality of the republican
party , an increase of severity has been shown towards them throughout the country . In Paris , twenty-seven citizens , who are guilty of having voted for M . Carnot , must be added to the list of arrests I have already given you . Fresh arrests have been made at Rheims , Rouen , and Beziers , as well as in many other places . Orders for the immediate expulsion and transportation of the persons condemned by ' commissions ddpartementales * have been sent by telegraph . More than 8000 persons are at this moment embarked for Cayenne or Algiers .
As this number might appear incredible , I will furnish you with the particulars of these condemnations In the department of the Basses-Alpes , there are 953 transported to Algiers ; 81 to Cayenne ; 16 expelled the territory ; 69 imprisoned ; and 346 placed under the surveillance of the police . Eleven merchants from Rheims are being transported to Cayenne or Algiers . From Cette we hear that 400 persons from Gere are expected , and are to be conveyed in the Eclaireur and the Grondeur to Algiers . At Strasburg there are 11 persons condemned to be transported to Algiers .
The fif th convoi , consisting of 300 prisoners for Algiers , were removed on Thursday night from the forts near Paris . The Messagerdu Midi states that 83 of the condemned were _ removed from Montpellier to Cette on their way to Africa . A body of about 120 detenus had also arrived in that town on the 19 th instant . All these men are from the single department of Herault . The Courrier du Havre announces the sailing of the
JBertftollet last Saturday for Brest , having on board 350 prisoners from the departments of the Nievre , said to be destined either for Cayenne or Lambessa . On the 16 th instant , orders were received by telegraph for the screw frigate , the Isty , to leave L'Isle d'Aix , near Rochefort , for the Gironde , to take on board 400 detenus poliliques at present confined in the citadel of Blaye . The steam frigate Magellan has just arrived in the Gironde to receive 700 of the condemned
belonging to the department of Lot-et-Garonne . To this immense number of transport's are to be added at least as many who have been shot , on the spot or clandestinely , and those who have been expelled , amounting to double the number , and you may conceive the desolation which now reigns in France . If you reckon over and above all these , the interne ' s and the citizens placed under the surveillance of the police , which I estimate at about 40 , 000 persons , you will find that there are not less than 70 , 000 peaceable citizens who have been outraged by the events of the 2 nd of December .
Let thoughtless people , then , cease to wonder why France does not rise en masse * They may read an answer in these wholesale lists of proscriptions . Since M . Carnot ' s election , the press has become the object of renewed severity on the part of the government . The Siecle hns been officially advised to qualify its opposition . The public had failed as yot to discover any opposition in that journal . M . Bonaparte , moreover , it is said , is only waiting a favourable opportunity , as regards the larger newspapers , to put in force his decree , authorizing their suppression without warning , for alleged motives of general security .
Journalists are , especially , persecuted and harassed . Many are obliged to escape by flight the menaces of the government . Some receive passports , and are constrained to leave their homes within twenty-four hours ; others are expelled thoir departments , and locked up in some distant prison . Thus M . Emilo Orugy , chief editor of the Coim'ier de la Gironde , and M . Campan , of the samo paper , have boon imprisoned , one in tho department of Basse-Bretagno , and the other in La Vendee . M . Gasze \ editor of the republican paper at HAvro , has received orders to quit tho French territory within twonty-four hours .
Since the persecution of tho Republicans haa recommenced , tho Legitimists have again become tho object of tho cajoleries of the Government . L . Bonapurte , fearing more than over the fusion of tho two branches , is incessant in hia advanced to tho Legitimists . For
the last week overtures have been made to ; effect an alliance with them , against the Republicans , and Orleanists . The Legitimists would be very unwise to treat such advances with aught but supreme contempt . As to the Orleanists , they are still pursued by the Government . Several bankers and leading merchants of the principal towns in France have received passports to quit their homes forthwith . In this class are included 80 at -Bordeaux ,, and 8 . at , Rouen . The Government , moreover , by the coercion of the judges , ( you know that we have no jury now , ) has obtained a verdict of one month ' s imprisonment against M .
Bocher , the defensor of the family of Orleans , who had in the first instance been condemned to a mere fine of 500 francs . The Government has done more—it required from the Belgian Government the condemnation of the Bulletin Francois , an Orleanist journal , published in Brussels by M . D'Haussonville and Alex . Thomas . MM . Berryer and Odillon Barrdt had undertaken the defence of the two . accused , and would have gone to Brussels to plead their cause ; but M . Bonaparte warned them that if they crossed the frontier , they would not be allowed to return . They were thus compelled to remain in Paris .
General Cavaignac was also threatened in the same manner . He wished to consult with his late colleagues , Lamoriciere and others now in Brussels , as to whether or not he should take the oath required by the members of the Legislative Body . He was informed the Government would grant him a passport , but that he would find the frontier closed against him when he returned .
The decree for the completion of the Louvre has just appeared . A company , to which the Government supplies two millions of francs a year , has been entrusted with the execution of the design of M . Visconti . This plan , which I described to you a few weeks ago , converts the Tuileries into a formidable military post . Large buildings are being erected in the angles of the Place du Carrousel . One of them will serve for the bureaux of the Ministry of the Interior and of Police , the telegraph , and national printing-office . The others , for barracks , to contain , says the decree , a sufficient military force . -
The review , which was to have taken place on the 21 st , when the Empire was to have been proclaimed , could , not be" held- —the colours which were to have been presented to the troops were not ready . The grand review is therefore postponed until the 5 th May , the anniversary of the death of the Emperor Napoleon . The tnauvais plaisant have been reporting that , in imitation of the old monarchical saying , " Le Koi est mort , vive le Hoi ! " the heralds of Louis Bonaparte will cause all Paris to resound with the cry , "L'JEmperetir est mort , vive I'JSmpereur !"
Meanwhile , great "" preparations are being made for the ceremony of the opening of the Senate , and the Legislative Assembly , which is to take place on the 29 th March . A throne of red velvet , decorated with tinsel , will be placed on a platform in the Salle des Marechaux for the President . Opposite , there will be plain benches for the Senators and Deputies . A formal ceremony for the entree and sortie of the President haa been decided upon by M . Bonaparte . When the company have taken their seats he will make his entrSe solemnelle , will make the opening speech , and receive indinidualty the oath of fidelity of each member present .
Only one thing will bo wanting , and that i » the grand costumes of the Senators and Deputies , which have been dispensed with . For in all Paris there was not found sufficient gold braiding to complete these grand uniforms . Louis Bonaparte , therefore , under these circumstances , deigned to authorise these gentlemen to appear in plain clothes . A good thing is reported to have been said on this subject b y a tailor , whom one of tho Senators was pressing in order to have his finery by tho 29 th : " Tho President , " replied the tailor , * ' attends to his business—I do mine . A Senate is fioon hatched ; decrees are easily patched together ; but an einbroidorcd coat must not bo botched V
Tho question of Louis Bonaparte ' s marriage with one of the natural daughters of Queen Maria Christina of Spain is more talked ubout just now than over . The cause of this revival of an old rumour is tho recent appearnnco hi Paris of the famous Munoz , the lifeguard , who was first Queen Christina ' s paramour , and afterwards her husband , under tho title of Duko de Bianzares . This grent personage has been installed for some timo in tho Chateau do Malmui » on , formerly the property of the Emperor Napoleon , but now bolonging to Maria Christina .
Tho conversion of the Five per Cents , causes much anxiety to Louis Bonaparte's government . Some of tho rentiers have demanded tho payment of their capital , and the number of applicants is becoming so largo that it will bo impossible to comply with thoir domanda . Tho Five por Cents , have fallen below par ,
., . As Siecle saidit is a positive return to the year 1302 , the epoch when the custom of consulting the nation with regard to the taxes was first commenced . As the- Corps Zegislatif is summoned for the 29 th of March , this refusal to consult them on the taxation of the country is universally considered as a gratuitous insult , and as a symptonr of the enormous malversation of which LouiB Bonaparte has no intention to give any account . The expenses of this budget by decree amount to . . . . 1 , 593 , 398 , 846 francs . The receipts only amount to . 1 , 449 , 413 , 604 Deficit . . . . . 53 , 985 ^ 242 „ And to this deficit of fifty-four millions must be added the civil list of six millions , which Louis Bonaparte will make the senate vote for him . As a proof to the people that he only rules for their benefit , the expenses are augmented by nearly fifty-three millions above the budget proposed by the late Legislative Assembly . 1 . The ministerial salaries are raised from 60 , 000 francs to 100 * 000 , and two of them , the Ministers of War and of Foreign Affairs , are to have 13 O , OCKV 2 . The Budget of war is augmented by twenty-five millions of francs . 3 . That of the navy by five millions . 4 . Public works by ten millions . 5 . The interior by six millions , 6 . The new Minister of State is to have twelve millions at his disposal . 7 . The new Minister of Police is to have three millions nine hundred thousand francs . 8 . And finally , the Ministers of Justice , of Foreign Affairs , and of Public Worship , are to receive 1 , 550 , 000 francs more than before . The alterations that have been made in the receipts are as follows :- ~ -the octrois are not suppressed ; but , just as I told you , L . Bonaparte has contented himself with giving up the tenth which the government used to raise from ' all the octrois of the country . The manufacturers of artificial soda will have to pay six millions of francs a year for the salt which they consume , and the tax on wine has been raised , as far as the working classes are concerned , and diminished for the rich .
18 th instin the Moniteur the * in consequence of . a coalition of bankers dissatisfied with the measure , who have all set to work pers everirielvi sell out . L . Bonaparte has directed the Bank of Fran to keep up the price by devoting part of its reserve fund to the purchase of stock . It is only by flint of this unprecedented operation that the rentes have been kept at par . / . The decree which fixes the budget of 18 & 2 , which ! I foretold in my last letter , appeared oh Fridav « , a
People who are not over rich usually buy their wine by the pint or quart at a public-house ; and this retail sale is loaded with an additional tax of 50 per cent . The droit d ' octroi -which was ten per cent , is now raised to fifteen . Families in easy circumstances , on the contrary , buy their wine by the barrel , and will have the benefit of a diminution of ten per cent on the tax . And it must be remarked that in France the tax on wine is
not regulated by the value , in other words does not vary with the price and quality , but is levied according to the quantity- As many francs on a hectolitre of inferior wine as on the same quantity of wine of the best quality . And therefore by this singular reform the cheap wine drunk by the poorer classes will be burdened with an increased tax of fifty per cent , while tho tax on the good wine consumed by the higher classes will actually bo made lighter by ten per cent .
Wo have just received this evening the news of the acquittal by the Belgian jury of the Orleanist BulUHn Francais , the prosecution of which was instigated by L . Bonaparte . M . d'Haussonville defended himself . "I plead in my own catise , " said he , "to save M . Berryer and M . Odillon Borrot from the exile witu which they had been threatened . " "•
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . The decree " on tho relations of the Senate and Legfalativo body with the President and the Council ot State" which was published in the Moniteur of Tuesday , extending to eighty-six articles , may be summed up thus : —all bills are prepared in the various minis , terial departments , and submitted to the President , who sonds them through tho Minister of State to tno Council of State : when a bill hns been approved by tM Council of State , a decree of tho President orders rt » bo presented to tho Legislative Body , which has t » e right of proposing amendments , to be submitted to t » o Council of State . ; if tho opinion of tho Council of bto ™ bo udverso to tho amendment , it becomes null and voia . A bill cannot bo rejected by the Legislative Body until it haa been discussed article bv article . The meB 8 flge »
and proclamations of tho President cannot be dweuMea by the Legislative Body , unless they contain a V rT " tion to that effect . Tho Senate deliberates upon t «« bills adopted by the Legislative Body , but has w decido only on the question df promulgation , * cannot vote any amendment . All elgn » of approww
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Leader (1850-1860), March 27, 1852, page 288, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1928/page/4/
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