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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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jo T am told that \ pauperism has decreased—that * £ « £ hi decreased . I deny it . I take the . last ten years , ^ r sav that since free trade com menced , the crime of *? minirvhas been greater than it was before . I will the ^ n my memory , for I have the facts in my n l 5 f andVm read you the tables . In 1811 , the p 0 w of criminals or crimes to every 10 , 000 of the " ^ ifw ere as 5 ; in 1812 it rose to 6 ; in 1813 it was 6 ; VBflnTwent on gradually up to 1820 , when it was 12 ; ? iA it was 10 f in 1830 , it was 13 in every 10 , 000 ; in f « qi itwasl 4 Vinl 840 , itwas 17 ; inl 841 , it was 17 ; 1842 it was 19 ; in 1843 , it was 18 ; in 1844 , itwas 16 ; * 1 S 45 ' it waa 14 ; in 1846 , it was 14 ; in 1847 , it was 16 ; 1848 itwasl 7 : then it fell to 12 ; last year it was 13 15 go that you see , if I take the other years , though ndei yearsof protection and scarcityiin 1838 they were 30 , ndinl 860 , 15 .. - - -3 ufaithoii : gli crime in the last two years ? ° decreased , and though pauperism has decreased , still there are outlets for crime and pauperism which are not umJerstood by the generalityof the community , I happened to be in the country a little time back , and it astonished me + n find in a town with a population of 20 , 800 , that no less trie town tuirteen
than 11000 vagabonds passed througn m weeks ' We have large classes known in the metropolis as tlo people of the streets , I called , them street people ! What was now the effect of free-trade upon them ? I know that the last year was the worst they had ever massed that there was greater misery among them . This is the ' outlet from the prison , and the safety-valve from the poor-house ; because , if men do not find employment frottvtheir trade , they go to the workhouse ; and what do the guardians do ? They give these persons the means to trade in the street , in order to keep them out of the workhouse . To the inquiry , have the street traders increased since free trade was adopted , they say , we do not know from whence the numbers come year by year * You are is uei / boi iui ?> gt
toid tnac in muuu « yv <* «» " >»¦ w *» w . jvw >« yuc from the foreigner , and that he will take your goods in return . But tf you employ the people at home , they will do something . " He consumes the taxed articles , and conr tributes his quota to the country ; but does the foreigner do this ? The foreigner contributes not one sixpence . No , he contributes not one farthing . Let us put a supposed case for free-trade . Suppose that a Eree-trader went to the Duke of Bedford , the proprietor of Coventgarden , and he was satisfied that it was unjust to impose * tax upon fruit •¦— that the cheaper vegetables and fruit were , the greater blessing to the people ; that therefore no toll ? should he imposed ; and suppose the Duke of Bedford consented to this doctrine , and
suppose he said , " I think it right that no tolls shall be levied on this market . " But suppose this arrangement carried out , what would the people say who keep shops , and who p ^ -high rates for then * shops ? Would they not find themselves undersold by those who paid no tolls ? Would they not go to the Duke of Bedford , and say , "I must remove , or you must cut down your rental , or it will be impossible to compete with others who have not these rents to pay ? ' Now , every person , who is an occupier paya 61 . 10 s . towards the expenses of the state . The general taxation of the country amounts , at least , to 70 , 000 , 000 ? . The sum raised by the revenue is 62 , 500 , 000 ? . This is tho general taxation , in the shape of customs , excise , property and income tax , stamps , and assessed
taxes ; but this is not all—there is the local taxation . These local imposts amount to 15 , 000 , 000 ? ., including county rates , poor rate ' s , sewer rates , church rates , and tolls collected on ^ market days . Then como the Church benefices , which you must support . You now get 62 , 600 , 000 ? . ' and 14 , 500 , 000 ? ., and you want but 3 , 000 , 000 ? ., even say the Church costs no more—a largo amount goes into tho hands of laymen . There aro 70 , 000 , 000 ? . to be paid by the pooplo . There aro , at tho outside , taking'England , Ireland , and Scotland , of occupying persons , they being tho only class who can pay taxation , 10 , 000 , 000 . Therefore if ' divido 70 , 000 , 600 ? . of taxation by the population , it Joavos every occupying man with 7 ? . per mmum , and how , then , ia it possible ior us to compete with tho artisans abroad ? ( Choors . )
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GOLD GATHERING AND WOOL-GATHERINGThe unprecedented state of Victoria ( Into Port Philip ) m the Australian gold region continues to elicit bursts of comment from tho journals and tho public . Wo "wst have emigrants if you want nny wool supplies is the cry from that distressed pnrt of tho world whore gold gathering has superseded wool-gathoring . Tho yield of gold is represented at 20 , 000 ounces a week , and upwards of l , 000 , 000 Z . sterling has found its way "itothoimnks , not loss than 660 , 000 ? . reaching England . A'io following letters from tho Times may bo taken in connexion with a resolution printod below , and passed 'it a meeting of persons engaged in the woollen and worsted trades on Wednesday at Loeds , as illufitrativo ot the grievance and tho remedy . <( " Melbourno , Jan . 27 . l » . i . ii i , * Australians aro crowding horo in such num-, Adolaido bids fair Hoon to b <> a doaortod oity . Tho ?(• l ? % in f ? from it from pqstiloncoTUo tain
, ° , as a . cap , „] , ' , Unknown nsauroa mo tho' people wore on tho quay thnir . Wft 8 Ioilvm S ; holding thoir hands out , containing uii . fl P ^^ P ^^ tiy ; offering to put up with any accom-2 i . IOn i , ° * . ^ t ' bnng tl » om . Our town ia now > in < i i'J 0 ( Umt fcu . ° now comers avo obliged to camp out ; Yum- v * cou"ting-houso window I can boo , across tho iinon \ i lt v ' tonl ; s > horses , carts , and poople , all intent uiil nv nW K ? ' 3 LounooHton , Holmrfc Town , Sydney , »«« koro ? ndn b di On ° aU ( 1 a 11 ' P ouri"ff tlM ) ir B ° W " ovor ? ° ran ff ° ttboufc 60 s . this wook . Wool Urmer than " What wai too Nuggets grow to P Tho ono I sent you ,
weighing lflb ., was thought well of till the 51 b . lump threw it ^ into the shado ; and now the latter in its turn has to give place to a magnificent specimen which arrived in town yesterday morning , as big as a man ' s foot , and weighing 271 b . some odd ounces . A publican bought it at 80 s . per ounce . " ¦
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THE ICE-BOUND SHIPS . Me . Vincent Pafpalabde , Consul , &c , at Portsmouth , forwarded to the Times , of Monday , the following interesting intelligence of the ships reported to have been seen by the captain and crow of the Renovation , as detailed in the examination of Captain Coward , before the Venetian authorities on the 4 th inst , Tho questions put to Captain Coward and answered by him , were as follows :
" 1 . On what dato did you see two vessels on an iceberg floating with the current or wind?—On the 17 th of April , 1851 . " 2 . At what time did you see the two ship , and in what latitude and longitude ?—I do not remember tho hour , Jbut it was in latitude 45 60 N ., longitude 52 W ., by account . " 3 . Of what rig woro tho two ships ; what spars and sails set , and tho colour of tho masts and spars ?—They wore full-rigged ships . I do not remember what spars they had . Could not distinguish the , colour of their masts , being covored with ico . " 4 . How far woro they from you when you passed them , and did you seo any ono on board P—About five or six miles . I did not bco any one .
" 5 . Of what tonnage do you think they wero , and of what colour woro tho hulls ?—I should say ono was about 000 or 700 tonp , tho other much smaller , eay about 350 , or so , but thoy woro so covered with ico it wna almost impossible to guess thoir size . " ( 5 . Did thoy scorn anything liko whalers , or had thoy any appearance of tho JSrebus and Terror ?—Thoy scorned liko whalors . I know nothing of tho appoaranco of tho JSrebtts and Terror . " 7 . Did you romombor at the time that tho British Government and Lady iiYanklm offered a hoavy sum of monoy to tho first p ' orHon that could givo any intelligence about tho missing whips JSrcbus and Terror , or any of their crow P—I did not know of tho circumstance , or it I did I had forgotten it .
" 8 . How was tho woathor when you saw tho fluid ships , and of what sisso was tho iceberg on which thoy wero floating , or rather wrookod P—Tho weather was cloar , Tho iceberg I fthould nuppoBO to bo about ono inilo and a halt or two jnilos . " 0 . Why did you noi ; approach nearer tho two slaps , or sond a boat as noar uh posniblo , if it was praot-iciiblo r—It was blowing'fresh , and tho ship was surroundoil , wilh ><;« - borgs , and I wanted to ( cot away from thorn wlu sfc tho and could
woathor was oloav ; and , nlso , J . was very unwell , not stay any longth of tiino on doelc . " 10 . To what dirootion wero tho icobovgs floating , and how was tho wind at tho tim « vP- ~ Thoy soomod to bo Hotting to tho 8 . K ; tho wind wns about N . li . " 11 . Who has soon tho two . ships besides yourHoll , irom tlioso on board tho Menovextidn P—Tho chiof mato , a passenger of tho name of I / ynoh , and , I boliovo , all the crow . " 12 . Doos the log-book of tho . Renovation nlludo to thw eiroumatanco , and whoro is that logbook now P—Tho logbook does not allude to the oiroumfltance , and it w now in my poouesoion .
" 13 . Who kept the logbook at the time?—Mr . IRobert Simpson , chief mate . " 14 . Do you think the two vessels in question were seen by any other ship sailing in the same track as you did ? —I really cannot say ; but we never saw any vessels on the passage until we were in the Gulf of St . ILawrance . ' . " 16 . In fine , will you relate anything else you may knipw on this subject , to alleviate the anxiety of the public in general?—I have nothing more to say , except , at the time we saw : them , I thought they were wrepked Greenlandmen , and , if there had been any one alive on board , we should have seen them with the glass , and of courso acted differently . "Edwaed Coward , " Master of the Renovation .
" Venice , May 4 , 1852 . " A true copy of the original , " V . Pappalaede . " Portsmouth , May 10 . " Copies of the ahove have been forwarded by Mr . Pappalarde to the Admiralty , Port-Admiral , and his diplomatic principals in town .
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NINETY-TWO LIVES LOST IN COAL MINES Intei / mgeitce reached Bristol on Tuesday of a terrific coal-pit accident which occurred on Monday in the Aberdare Valley , Glamorganshire , South Wales , and bv which no fewer than sixty-four lives have been sacrificed . This valley is completely studded with coal pits , and the colliery in which this dreadful accident happened is known as tho Duffryn Pit , Cwm Bach , near Aberdare . It is tho property of Mr . Thomas Powell , of the Gaer , one of the largest coal owners in the United Kingdom . It seems that at the time the accident occurred there were 92 men at work in the pit . and everything proceeded in its accustomed order and regularity , when suddenly a tremendous explosion was heard by those surrounding the mouth of the pit , and the utmust consternation and alarm was at once excited . The dreadful news spread throughout the neighbourhood with the utmost celerity , and the works were speedily surronndedby several hundred people , consisting of the immediate relatives and friends of the miners who were at work at the . time in the pit . Inquiries were at once instituted , and after the lapse of some time a communication was effected with the survivors , when it appeared that a tremendous explosion of fire-damp had taken place , but which fortunately did not extend to the whole of the works in the mine , otherwise all the 92 men in the pit must have lost their lives . Although the sacrifice of life in this melancholy instance has been enormeus , it was at first feared that 87 had perished , as after a lengthened period only five men were extricated from the pit . After some
time , however , more men . were drawn out , and it was finally ascertained that the deaths amounted in number to 64 . Neither the amount of damage done to the works nor the precise cause of the accident has as yet been ascertained , but the cause is attributed to carelessness on the part of some ono or other ef the men , as they were all properly supplier ! with Davy lamps . It is well known that in tJiese Welsh collieries the men are often extremely foolhardy , long habit has rendered them perfectly regardless of risk , and they frequently open their lumps cither for the sako of lighting their pipes or other purposes . This is supposed to have been the case in this instance , and of courso the flame , coming in contact with the stream of fire-damp , would instantaneously cause the explosion . But it is not only fire-damp which destroys life in
collieries ; water is not less destructive . Tho scene of the next catastropho which wo have to record is at tho Owendraeth Colliery , distant three miles and a-half from Llanon village , and a mile from Pcmbroy , in tho uppor part of tho Gwcndraeth Vale . On Monday evening tho colliors , to tho number of about 28 , wero at work , and everything appeared to go on as usual , when , about 10 o ' clock at night , while busily engaged at their work , tho water suddenly broke in upon the colliers . The irruption appears to have been ho sudden , that tho poor fellows had no time to escape Tho pit was almost instantaneously filled , and tho mon all drowned , with the exception of ono man , who availed himself of tho aid of tho machinery in operation to effect his escape . Many of tho mon havo left largo families behind thorn unprovided for . Adding those 92 to tho 22 killed at Durham , and tho 10 near Wigan , wo havo 122 lives lost by firc-dainp within a fortnight !
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MISCELLANEOUS . Her Majesty will hold n privy Council this day , at Buckingham Palace . Tho Quoon ' s birthday was kept on Thursday . Tho houses of tho royal tradesmen , and tho club houses of tho West End , woro brilliant with gas-lights . Thoro was , ot courso , a drawing-room at St . James ' s , and Stato banquets givon by Ministers .
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Sir Fitzroy Kelly has fulfilled his promiso to become a landed proprietor of Suffolk by purchasing tho Chauntry eatato noar Ipswich . Political gossip , speaking through tho medium of tho llolfast Netos Jjotter , hovh— " Wo havo boon informed , on tho best authority , that Lord Glongall is about to bo appointed to f < ho Qovornor-Gonorulship of . India , vico Lord Dalhouflic . " Tho Jtifjht H " on . David Boylo , of Rhewallon , has resigned tho conjoint offices of Lord Justico Gnnoral of Scotland and . Lord "President of the Court ; of HoHsion , which ho has hold since tho rotiromont of tho Into ItigUt Hon . Charles Hope , of Granton , in 18 < tl .
Tho JSarotor Gazette aborts that tho Earl of Mxmnfc TOdgooumbo has addressed n lottor to tho Oonsorvativos ana agriculturists , urging thorn to " support Xonl Derby . " Ono or" his reasons is , tliat tho choico of governments " doos not now rost botwoon Lord Dorby and tho Whigs , but between him and Lord JohnBusflofl , united with Mr , Oobden and the ultra-rndioala . "
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MmW THE LEADER . 461
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" Port Pliilip , Jan . 14 . " I observe that the price of tallow is very fluctuating in London . You will have a very deficient supply from this colony henceforth . The gold-digging mania is still raging . This colony is rapidly draining the adult population from all the surrounding colonies , but they all go off at once to the diggings . If our colonial wool is of any value or profit to England , you must send us out immediately a large amount of emigration . " The resolution was as follows : —
" That a very large proportion of the wool in which the industry of the West Hiding is employed is derived from the several Australian colonies ; that the supply will inevitably be very seriously affected in consequence of the large transfer of labour from sheep-farming to gold-getting , unless effectual measures can be taken in this country to render the surplus labour available to meet the probable deficiency . " A very influential deputation was appointed , including persons in Leeds , Bradford , Huddersfield , Halifax , Keighley , Dewsbury , and Rochdale , to go to London and have an interview with the Colonial Secretary , and the two members for the West Riding , and the members for the boroughs in the said riding are to be requested to accompany the deputation .
The following is an extract from a letter dated Sydney , January 27 : —" The Yankees will soon get masters of this market if we do not get a better line of ships or steam-communication between here and England . The first clipper-ship from the United States arrived here last week . She left Boston five days after the news of our discovery was known , and made the passage herein 95 days , bringing news from England up to the 4 th of October , whilst by the direct way we have no later dates than the 18 th of September . A portion of her cargo consisted of * wooden buckets ' for the miners . I think we shall soon be sufficiently supplied with this article direct from America . Please , therefore , not to send us any buckets of this description . " ~
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Leader (1850-1860), May 15, 1852, page 461, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1935/page/9/
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