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Tories subscribed without pointing to the breach of the treaties of 1815 by the same king and by Russia and Austria , ther have accepted the Russian interpretation , that those treaties , as the affairs stand now , are duly fulfilled . Btft the conquest of Neufchatel has been postponed to later days . That indeed is spoken very openly . It simply means , the problem of the treaties ; the legal constitution of Europe Is yet to be resolved . We have a precedent now very easily in such an event the Neufchatel question is to be answered . The French interpretation of the treaties , which appeared in the Paris newspapers , is . quite Russian , denying every legal importance to those stipulations , and any right to the whole of Europe of intermeddling with the constitutional questions of each people . Such an interpretation leaves nothing but bare violence to regulate the common affairs of all nations . Then there is no peace , there is only
armis-Like that F rench judge , who cried out to a German prisoner at the bar quoting the law : " You speak of law , sir , I see you are a foreigner ! " The French press of the day has lost all conception of legal principles , by which the moral world is ruled . A . K .
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THE STOCKPORT RIOTS . The inquiries respecting these outrages were continued on Monday . On that day , twenty-seven of the prisoners , who had been arrested in the act of throwing stones , were set at liberty , on their recognizances to appear when called upon . The important parts of the evidence given on that day were as follows . William Corcovan , a throstle jobber , who stated that he was not a Roman Catholic , saw John Slater , owe of the prisoners , on Tuesday night , the night of the riot , come out of the Edgeley Chapel , with an oil painting in his hands . He saw another of the prisoners , Thomas Edwards , come out of the priest ' s house , with some books , which he placed on the steps . Mary Howley , of John-street , saw , on the same night , the prisoner , James Garner , opposite her window , with four or five hundred persons armed with sticks . As she stood at the window , Garner said , — " Look at yon ; strike at her , " and threw a stone through the window . Some other men struck ah , the window , and broke several squares of glass . The mob cried out , — " Five pounds for an Irishman ' s head . " Jane Doud , also living in John-street , said her house was attacked by the mob after Howley's . One of the prisoners , Joseph Birch , broke open the door . The mob entered the house , and broke all their furniture , and carried away some clothes .
Bridget Murray , on the Wednesday morning after the riot , heard Henry Aston , one of the prisoners , when he came to his work , talking about the " fine fun" he hiid had at Edgeley , the previous night . Ellen Sheridan , on the night of the riot , saw the prisoner Henry AshtOn , at Edgeley , near Mr . Frith ' s house , after the soldiers came . A young man came up to him , and said , —" Well , Henry , we ' ve done it , haven't we ? " Harry said , — " Aye , and . I'd have done it worse if these red had kept away . " The young man said , — " Harry , have you found any money P" and Ashton said— " No , only two or three coppers in one corner of the drawers up-stairs . " The young man asked him if he had got any silver , and he said , — " No ,
onl y two or three coppers ; but I have made a smash of tho china and glass , and I have deprived that of his soft bed to-night . " Some leaves of books wore flying about , and the young man said— " Harry , where are nil those leaves coining from ? " Ashton said , — " Out of the library , as they call it ; we have made a Hmash of that . " Tho young man asked him where the old priest was . Ashton answered that they did not know when they first camo up , but wore just getting to know when the red camo up , adding , " All we wanted was tho old priest , and that thing at tho top , " pointing to the cross lit the top of the chapel tower . Ho said , if ho had got tho old priest ho would have burned him the samo as tho old sofa .
Jhis investigation waa resumed on luesday . iho evidence previously given , proved thut Miohaol Moran , who had been in England but three weeks , on a visit to liis brother-in-law , was passing quietly along tho street on tli « night of tho riot , when lie wan violently assaulted by « oino of tho rioters , and died in n ihw hours of tho wounds ho had received . Tho man named Mulli gan was in custody . Tho Coroner remarked , that it had been hIiowii that loath hud been caused by a fracture on the right side of tho Hkull , which was givon early in tho affray , and that , therefore , thoir attention should bo principally directed to tho circumstances connected with that wound .
Willimn IUloy , the undo of Moran , stated , that on returning to bis Iiouho in . Itook-row , on tho Tuesday night about halt-post seven o'clock , be found there his H « phow < and James Flanagan , his brother-in-law— -tho former having received a severe blow . Riloy had tho wound dnMafcd , arid plftcod hte nephew on tho bodi Tho
house was soon after broken into , and Riley was dragged into the street , and beaten till be was insensible . Several witnesses gave evidence of a disturbance in Lord-street . It was chiefly among a body of Irishmen who came up in pursuit of a body of English . According to one witness , named James Axon , the Irish came to a stop from some cause , and began a scuffle among themselves . This witness saw one man struck down , with a blow on the side of his head from a stick with a knob at the end . He received several more blows afterwards . The witness could not describe the appearance of either the wounded man , or the man who struck the blow , and he did not see the prisoner , Matthew Mulligan there . There were no English in the street at that time except neighbours , who were watching .
Elizabeth Wheelan saw a man drop down among the crowd in Lord-street . She saw a man named Joseph Goodwin strike him when he was down , but she knew no one else who was round him when he was struck . She afterwards saw James Flanagan take the wounded
man away . John Wood was amongst the Irishmen at the time in question , and received several blows . He wrestled with one man ( who ^ tppears to have been Moran ) , and threw him down . " *^ Martha Warehamsaid ^ that she saw John Wood on the ground with a man in light clothes . The latter was struck while he was down with a shepherd ' s crook , and afterwards , as he attempted to rise , the prisoner , Matthew Mulligan , dealt him a tremendous blow on the side of the head with a bent poker , after which , he rose no more : This statement was confirmed by William
Warebam , the husband of the last-mentioned witness , who assisted Flanagan to raise up the wounded man . He saw blood flow from the wound inflicted by the crook before the blow was struck with the poker . Other witnesses testified to the chief points in this evidence with some degree of discrepancy . Some thought that Mulligan intended to strike at Wood ; others , that he struck at Moran , not knowing him to be an Irishman ; but almost all concurred in stating that Mulligan had struck the man with a poker , and that the wounded man had been carried off by Flanagan . It was proved by . Flanagan , that the wound inflicted by Mulligan was on the right side of the head .
A surgeon , named Charles Ostler Walters , who assisted in the post morteth examination , stated that the fracture of the skull on the right side of the head , which extended from the top of the head down to the base of the skull , was the cause of death . This wound was such as would be inflicted with the square part of a poker . The prisoner / lid not make any statement , and Mr . Ashton , on his behalf , declined to call any
witnesses . The Coroner , in summing up tho evidence , said that if these facts could be considered proved , a verdict of " Wilful murder" must be found against Mulligan . He considered it immaterial whether he intended to striko Moran or Wood . If a man did an unlawful act , and without his intending it , it killed some one whom he did not intend to kill , tho law as to the crime was precisely the same . Tho jury returned a verdict of " Wilful murder " against Mulligan , who was then committed to Chester Castle . The magistrates renewed thoir proce 6 dinga on Wednesday morning , when tho following facts were brought out : —
Mary Goodoy saw Joseph Birch , one of the prisoners , urging on tho mob who were breaking the windows of Mrs . Doud ' s house . She did not know whether ho was sober . She asked him , " What are you going to < lo ?—ar 0 you going to murder and destroy all before you ? " and be replied , " Yoh , I will ; and I'll servo you the same , you Irish . I'll show you n sight tonight that you never saw , for we'll behead your priest . " On the next night , George P . irry , another of the prisonerH , attacked her house , with a . mob nnned with sticks . Ho broke open her door with an nxe , and his followers destroyed a quantity of her furniture .
Ellen M'Donald wns coming homo from the Kdgoloy Cliapol on tho night of the riot , and paw great crowds in the street . She beard one of them say , " Thero ' H a mass at tho Catholic chapel to-night , and we hIhiII meet them coming out , and if we catch the old Frith ( the priest ) we'll kill him . " Another said , " No , let ' s £ o to Rock-row . " She went to give information to Mr . Frith , and about tlvo minutes after hIio reached tho priest ' s house 11 mob " came up and broko the chupel windows . She si \ w the prisoner Thomas Walker , and Hovernl others , breaking o ]> en tho chapel door with a stall ' . Afterwards he brought out a brass cross , about three yards long , and broke it on tho ground .
Rose Ann M'Doimld huw the mob breaking open tho ehapel d < x > r with staves . She recognised among them Thomas Walker , one of the prisoners , by his iIix'hh . John Mulvuy huw the prisoner JoHopn Birch , on the
Tuesday night , about a hundred and fifty yards from the chapel . He had in his hand a piece of wood with a white cloth , apparently part of a pew seat . He shouted out , " I ' ve got the old priest ' s shirt . "
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Jot * 24 , 1 * 52 . ] THE LEADEft . ? 01
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EMIGRANT'S GROUP MEETING . One of Mrs . Chisholm ' s interesting , ' meetings , for the promotion of emigration in families or groups , took place at the Royal British Institution , City-road , on Thursday night . The admission was free , and intending emigrants were earnestly invited to attend and to seek information , which Mrs . Chisholm kindly volunteered to afford . When the hall was well filled , Mrs . Chisholm commenced by stating , that as a large number of those before her were going to sea in a few days she was desirous to give them such information , the result of much experience and watchfulness , as might be useful to them . They were aware that she had established a system of emigration , known as the grouping system , which had been forced upon her in the bush in New-South Wales . Finding that she had there a large number of women who required protection , and a vast number of persons of all creeds' and countries , and with no police or paid agents to assist her , she at once adopted the system of grouping , which was so essentially blessed , that out of 1 , 200 women only five lost their character . Having found the system work so advantageously there , she had thought that the samo system might be applied to the voyage out . The question—the great question of the present day was , should we moralize emigration or not ? should we make it safe and respectable or the reverse ? Now , she had found that the grouping system , though attended with many disagreeables , had this advantage , that every ship that adopted it increased in character and responsibility . A moral restraint had been exercised over the young by the co-operation of the aged . The groups , as she proposed them , comprised 24 persons , and although persons might at first be disagreeable , it was very rarely found that the grouping commenced on board ship was broken up afterwards . After recommending good temper , patience , and cleanliness among the emigrants , Mrs . Chisholm proceeded to offer a few remarks upon the Amended Passengers' Act , with reference to which she had made several valuable suggestions . She had always found considerable difficulty in the matteT of water . It had to be paid for , and yet when imperial measure was required some astonishment was almost invariably expreBsed . In the new act both the surgeon and the master were directed to bear carefully in mind that the butts in which the water was held were old measure . She suggested that to prevent mistakes and to protect the public , the word " imperial" should be inserted . Another clause in the act provided that a certain space in the ship should be set apart for the hospital , and there was a penalty of not more than 601 . or less than 51 . for non-compliance . It would be a very great protection to the public if tho act specified in what part of tho ship the hospital should bo placed . She had recently been on board a largo ship . There was no hospital on board . She asked where it was . " Oh , " said a man , " I don't know ; I suppose we shall knock one up somewhere going down the river . " In another large ship there was the samo want of accommodation . She spoke to the captain , a humane and excellent man , and asked him what he would do if small-pox broke out in the ship . " I have been thinking of that myself , " he said . " I don ' t know what I could do better than put them in the long-boat . " She recommended intending emigrants to look not only to the character of the passengers , but also to the cargo proposed to bo taken out . It was very important for safety and comfort that no patent fuel or smelling coal should bo put on board . Coal , however , was a most profitable cargo ; and sho knew one ship in which the ballast , after it bad been put on board , bad been actually removed at night and coal put in under it . . She could , if she pleased , mention tlio names of these vest-els ; but truth was a libel , and she was anxtouM to keep clear of the lawyers . A very great deal won required to improve our emigrant ships . If Government held out some such reward us knighthood to those who effected groat improvements in these- matters , what ventilation , what pure water , what good emigrant ships we should have ! A good sound , wholesome system of competition among shipowners would be moat valuable for Uie public ; . This , h'u > feared , would not uriso until a few foreign ships should be introduced ; but she -. vim going on the continent shortly , and would look out for a i \> w . Various other suggestions of an eminently practical character Mrs . Chisholm offered , which were listened to with tho utmost interest by a most , attentive , promising , and cheering audionco . One hint appears so important that Wo subjoin Jit : uho said , no one must expect to got a homo or lodgings at Port Philip i every one muufc be provided with a Unti
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), July 24, 1852, page 701, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1944/page/9/
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