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middle of September I saw the elder Hale in the company of M . Kossuth , at the house of the latter . A Hungarian —the adjutant—was also there . M . Kossuth said to Mr . Hale , " This person was in the Hungarian service , and a late officer of the Prussian Artillery ; and I can recommend him to your employ to assist in making our rockets , or ' your' rocket *"—I do not remember which was the word" he said . M , Kossuth said my wages should be 18 s . per week , and he recommended me to keep the affair quite secret . Mr . Hale , he said , would point out what I was to do . M . Kossuth spoke partly in the Hungarian and partly in the English language . I believe Mr . Hale does not understand the German language , lne word " secret" was said to me in German . On the
following Monday morning it was concerted that I should go to the factory . I went to Mr . Hale ' first , and it was arranged that we should not go to the factory together . When I got to the factory at Kotherhithe there were two Englishmen and Robert Hale , and one of the Englishmen was boring rockets . I undressed , and was set to work m the last of the four compartments . I was engaged the first day in arranging the room , which was greatly out ot order . The next day I set up a little machine and the rammers to fill the rockets . My chief employ afterwards was to bore and point the rockets and to fit on the heads . I was there every day ( except Sunday ) till November , receiving instructions from Mr . Robert Hale chiefly . The father officiated as first manager . I received my wages weekly from Mr . Robert Hale , and sometimes we had a little money in advance when we wanted it . I assisted in making 360 or 400 rockets . There was another German earlin Novemberand
also at work . I was taken sick y , went into the hospital . During the time I was at work at the factory ( about the middle of October ) I was sent to Pimlico , by ftobert Hale , to see M . Kossuth . I saw M . Kossuth at Pickering-place . William Hale and another Hungarian were there . We went to try a firing machine . When we were all together the machine was set up , and a trial was made with the rockets . The conversation took place partly in English , and chiefly about the qualities of the rockets , machine , &c . We were there an hour and a half , and when , it was all over M . Kossuth and Mr . Hale desired us to leave the house carefully , one by one , and Mr . Hale foined us at the corner of the street . On this occasion M . Kossuth repeatedly told us to keep his connexion with the rockets a secret . He spoke to me of this in German . On a subsequent occasion ( about a fortnight later ) , I went to Mr . Hale by direction of his son , and the former desired me to go to M . Kossuth , who , he said , would tell me what was the matter . I went to M . Kossuth
at his house at 11 , Park-terrace , Kensington , and saw him in a room . M . Kossuth told me—Mr . Clarkson objected to this conversation being given in evidence . Mr . Henry . —The question is , did he return with a message to either of the Hales ? Mr . Bodkin said he was proceeding as carefully as possible to satisfy the scruples of his friend . If it was an improper question , he should be very sorry to put it . ( To witness)—Did you take back a message , at any time , to either of the defendants ? Witness . —I did not see Mr . Hale the next day , for that was the time when I was taken ill and went into the hospital . Before this I had some conversation with young Hale respecting M . Kossuth . Mr . Clarkson raised an objection to this evidence , but it was overruled .
Witness . —Tlie younger Hale said to mo and my fellowworkman seveTal times , while wo were at work on bjs premises , " Wlien you leave work you must not talk at the public-houses , or anywhere , about this factory , nor mention tho namo of Kossuth , nor oven the word Hungarian , because this would be tho occasion to betray our work . " Cross-examined . —I had applied frequently for charity before going tc » tho factory . 1 had not tried to get employ at Manchester or Birmingham , nor on any railway . Before going to tho factory I was in prison for theft , ior five or six months , at Maidstone . I was perfectly destitute , and I took what vrus not my own . 1 was not in prison 10 mon Mis .
William Gorlach examined ( through the interpreter . )—I was employed at Mr . Hale ' n factory on the 20 th of September last year , and continued there until a week before Christmas . I was recommended to Mr . Halo by M . Kosauth , but I never saw them in company together . I was employed in making rockets . There were , besides me , three Hungarians , named Fround , Dornan , and Usener . There was an . Englishman named Smith , « , nd another Hungarian , who Iirh since gone to America . 1 saw both tho Messrs . Hale there daily . Tlie son used to bore tho rockets , and the father superintended tho work as master . We were forbidden daily to Hay anything about the factory both by the Hales and Freurid . with the last
Cross-examined . —J lodged at Rotherhithe witness . I wan dismissed from the factory at- Christmas , with tho other Hungarians , except Usener , who went away nick . Sir Thomas 1 fastings , tho principal storekeeper of Her Majesty ' s Ordnance , wim ( railed by Mr . Hodlan to state that Homo correspondence had taken place with Mr . W . "Halo , whoso oilers to submit rockets and a machine for firing them , wore eventually declined . [ Tho witness produced portions of tho correspondence reforrod to , tioino extracts from which wore read to show that the defendant William Hule , after the lirst Irial and failure of his rockets , renewod his applications for further trials , on the ground that ho had made additional improvements ; and also for the trial of tho machine for firing rockets above the level of tho ground ; all of which applications woro refused . )
Colonel Chalmers , Inspector of Artillery at Woolwich , stated that ho was secretary to the Select Committee of tho Hoard of Ordnance at tho time those experiments wore iuurio . Witness never suw any of tho Handler rockctH produced oubuaittod to tho Board .
Cross-examined . —I have known Mr . Hale , sen ., since 1843 , as a manufacturer of war rockets . William Scanlan , acting Surveyor of the Customs , stated that he had searched the records of the Customs and shipping from the 5 th of April , 1843 , to the same date of the present year . During that time there are the names of 10 exporters of rockets recorded on the shipping notes , but Mr . Hale ' s name is not among them . Cross-examined . —Rockets are often exported by brokers ,
but I am not aware of their being transmitted without the name of the principal being entered . There are three entries for 1849 , in the name of M . Nottingham , but none in the name of " Dick , Moller , and Co . " There were three separate sets of rocket cases exported in the same name in that year , worth about 200 ? . each . One set was exported to Copenhagen . If Mr . Nottingham was the broker of Mr . Hale , it was his duty to have given the name of his principal . Mr . Bodkin . —That is the case for the Crown .
Mr . He net . —Before you reply , Mr . Clarkson , I think it is my duty to state what is my intention with respect to thi 3 case . The act under which these proceedings are taken , enables me to take either of two courses—to convict summarily in the penalty of 51 ., or to send the case to the sessions . I do not consider that this is a case in which I should be justified in dealing with summarily , and therefore it is my intention to adopt the latter course . Mr . Clarkson said , on behalf of his client , he was grateful to his worship for giving him an opportunity of submitting his case to a jury of his fellow countrymen . If Mr . Hale was liable at all under this act his learned friend knew perfectly well that his liability could have been established wishout the necessity of importing into the case the
evidence of foreign refugees , and certainly without the testimony of a man fresh from the gaol of Maidstone . This had been done , however , they were informed , to satisfy the public , and regardless of the consequences which it might entail upon the defendants . But , as this matter must go before the public , he ( Mr . Clarkson ) would remind his worship of the position in which the distinguished foreigner referred to ( M . Kossuth ) was placed on his arrival in this country . He was instantly surrounded by a set of foreign paupers , who sought relief or employment , having been reduced by their good or bad deeds to a state of destitution . The evidence of Gerlech was illustrative of the sort of appeals made to M . Kossuth . He stated that but that
he was recommended to Mr . Hale by M . Kossuth , he never saw them together . The recommendation , then , could not have been by word of mouth , it was clear . Then how was it . He believed that the Government had made a great mistake in this matter , and it would have been more creditable to them if , on discovering their error , they had abstained from taking that course with respect to the defendants , and with respect to an absent foreigner , which he was sure had not been advised by his learned friend . He should not say more at present , except that Mr . Hale was prepared very readily to abide the verdict of a jury . Mr . Henby said he would accept bail for each of the Hales—themselves in 801 . each , and two sureties of 4 GI each . The personal recognizances of Boylin would be sufficient .
The prisoners were then directed to find the above sureties for their ¦ appearance to answer the charge at the next Surrey Sessions . Mr . Hale declared that he would not ask any friend to be bail either for himself or his son , and having persisted in this determination to the last , the defendants were removed in the prison van to Horsemongerlane gaol .
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LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ From our own Correspondent . ] Letter LXX . Paris , Thursday , April 28 , 1853 . The great news of the day is the accident that has happened to the Empress . Reports have been flying about of a conjugal quarrel having caused the mishap , while others attribute it to the chagrin of disgnst at
the wearing etiquette of tho Imperial palace . On Friday lust the Empress ceased to appear in public . On Monday there was a ball at the Tuilories . More than 5000 persons were jammed to death in the salons , in the hope of hearing something about it , and they got nothing for their pains . The Empress did not make her iippearance . Bonaparte himself was only visible for a few minutes , and retired almost immediately .
You will easily imagine all the comments that have been circulating in Paris on this misadventure . Some say that it m all a trick to cheat Bonaparte ; others , that it is but too real : and ho we chooso our version of the story according to our wishes , or our opinions . The translation of the ashes of the ( heat Napoleon to St . Denis is . still in contemplation at . tho Tuilories This measure , which appears to he almost decided
ii ] K ) ii , has Hot tho whole entourage shouting with indignation . When the news was communicated to tlie Decembrists , there was almost an foneule among them . They assembled tiiinultuously under pretext of a banquet , at the Baths , near tho Triumphal Arch de I'J ' Jtoile , and thoro they swore not to lot tho body of the great man go out ; and if they were too Into to prevent his abduction , they would tear him away hy main force , and bring him hack to Paris .
Few things would he more amusing limn an enunUe of that description . Indeed , no Hoiiapartint has heard of thiu proceeding with tmtiflfuction . Tlio Emperor ,
too , has received another check in the matter . He had once before demanded of Austria the remains of the Due de Reichstadt , and had been refused . He repeated his demand , and has just received a second refusal . It is to be feared that his St . Denis scheme will fare as ill as his hope of a dynasty . Yet it must be confessed that there was a certain kind of logic in the project , not unskilfully designed . The Emperors Napoleon I . and II . would have been at St . Denis ; the Emperor Napoleon III . at the Tuileries . It would have been an improvised hereditary' legitimacy ( tme legitimite improviste ) . Not a weak contrivance , you see , for a parvenu .
J 2 n attendant , Bonaparte is heaping * precautions on precautions , and fortifying himself more and more strongly in " his good City of Paris . " A new fortification is to be added to the Hotel de Ville . All the houses that run behind the Municipal Palace , between the Church of St . Gervais and the Quay have been bought for the purpose of their demolition . In this space a second barrack is to be built , which will make a pendant to the one now in course of construction . A number of houses in the Rue St . Antoine have also been bought to be pulled down , so that the street may be completely swept to the Place de la Bastille , by the two fortresses of the Hotel de Ville .
St . Arnaud has returned from Marseilles , and resumed the direction of the Ministry of War . Extremely jealous of his authority , he could not wait to be quite cured to return to Paris : the uneasiness at finding himself supplanted by Bonaparte rendered him incapable of repose . No sooner arrived in Paris , than he ordered all the employes of his Ministry , great and small , to appear before him . He wanted to assure himself directly of all that had been going on in his absence , what schemes against his own position ; and he took care to tell all his subordinates that they must look to him alone . Let St . Arnaud only persevere in this course , nnd sooner or later a quarrel must inevitably break out between him and Bonaparte .
St . Arnaud is determined to remain , master of the army ; that is his strength and safety ; all the rest he leaves to Bonaparte . With the army he can make the Emperor do what he will , and send his " master" to Vincennes in case of insubordination . The Corps Legislatif has been occupied this week with , the discussion of a law on the JPrudhommes . * Some members , desirous of doing a little liberalism , demanded that the presidents of the councils of JPrudhommes should be selected among the persons elig ible for the office ; but the Council of State , defender of the rights of authority , has pronounced in favour of the arbitrary will of Government . It was thought that some opposition might display itself in the Legislative body on this decision , but there were only ten votes against the measure . As
to the commission on the budget it seems that the minority intended to protect the interests of the taipayers , but were frustrated in their intention . Four members of the commission , ashamed at the ridiculous part they were made to play in the Legislative Chamber , proposed certain amendments , if only not to have the credit of voting the budget without discussion . These amendments were rejected . Moreover , the president of the first bureau had fixed on a certain day at one o ' clock for the first sitting of hid committee . The presidents of bureaux had up to this time been left in quiet possession of this incontestable right , but M . Billault , President of the Assembly , had the doors of tho first bureau closed , pretending that he alone had the right to fix tho hours of meeting . Not a single voice was raised in that bureau to protest against this
insulting assumption . Once more has tho police come to tho rescue of France and of civilization . It has just discovered a new infernal machine . ^ " A French locksmith , who had been for some time established in business at Rio Janeiro , returned to France with his family and his stock in trade . His tools and various pieces of machinery wore packed iu two large emeu on board tho ship IJ 1 ' Jmpereur du Jiresil . When tho two cases passed tho Custom 11 oust ) , one of the officors , seeing these pieces of machinery said , laughing , to one of his comrades , There's an infernal machine , if you like . ( Voila au mains une machine infernale ^) A police agent who was present took tho thing seriously , had the two eases seized , and tho locksmith and his wife thrown into prison . He then drew up a superb re-
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418 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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* Tho Vrtulhommm aro a body composed half of skilled operatives , and hull" of musters , for deciding all questions of wages , Ac . between tho masters and tho workmen . f Really tho contemporary histories of Franco and England seem disposed to run in couples . Have nofc Lord 1 ' ahnornton and Hir Richard Mayno , b y their magnificent seizure of war-rocketH , como to the rescue of Hociety and civilization . They havo faithfully followed tho process common to saviours of society—confiscation . Hut confiHculion in London may not provo sooauy and tolorublo a mutter an at Paris or Vionna . —
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), April 30, 1853, page 418, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1984/page/10/
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