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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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had ever received an annuity from Lord Melbourne ' s representatives ; but only two or three weeks ago , Mr . Norton ' s solicitor ascertained that she has been in the receipt of that annuity since 1849 . In 1837 , a reunion was contemplated . But Mr . Norton , " loving her to madness" was , he confesses , " weak and vacillating in the extreme ; " but on hearing some tidings of her sej ' our in the Isle of Wight , he gavo up the idea . Afterwards Mrs . Norton gave several hints towards , a : reunion , such as saying , ' " ¦ What nonsense , when there is a room for you in this house , " when Mr . Norton spoke
of taking a new lease of his own house . At the first separation Mr . Norton gave his wife 3001 . a-year ; in getting a larger income he raised it to 4001 . ; to purchase her necessary signature to a mortgage deed he raised it to 500 Z . a year , and then having learnt that she had been left 500 Z . per annum by her mother he reduced it to 300 Z . a year , which she has never accepted . Respecting the children , Mr . Norton states that during their whole life he has paid for their clothing , schooling , and support , with the exception of their viands when they were living with their mother .
Respecting Lord Melbourne , Mr . Norton stated that he saw his wife with her arm round Lord Melbourne ' s neck , and that sho said , " Well , and what if I had my Mell round the neck—what was it ? " Afterwards his snspicions being aroused by the removal from the house of piles of Lord Melbourne ' s letters left accidentally exposed , he discovered three letters of Lord Melbourne ' * in another part of the house . Other evidence , " not
called upon the trial , " convinced . Mr . Norton of the truth of his suspicions respecting Lord Melbourne and his wife . With regard to Mrs . Norton ' s charge , that he had claimed the copyright of her works , he denies it ; his solicitor had " inquired" after her works to ascertain her income . The signature of " Greenacre" only " a poor joke ; " but it originated with Mrs . Norton herself , who adopted the name of ¦ " Hannah Brown . " Mr . Norton also states that Lord Melbourne
promised him the appointment . of Police Magistrate before he visited at his house , and " before , I believe , he even knew Mrs . Norton . " Mr . Norton ' s income from every source does not average 24001 , a year . Mr . Norton ' s final statement as to money matters is : — "It is not true that I refused to perform the agreement of 1848 because , it was made between man and wife ; but it is true that the agreement , having been of a temporary and not of a permanent nature , and the amount allowed under it being
necessarily dependent upon the amounts of our respective incomes , I did , in 1851 , upon Mrs . Norton ' s income being increased by 5001 . a-year upon her mother ' s death , while mine was , from various causes , diminished , propose to reduce the 5001 . to 300 ? ., which I was afterwards willing to increase to 4001 . It is also true , that down to March in the last year ( 1852 ) , sinco when , and from the year previous , the amount of the allowance has been tho subject of discussion , I allowed to Mrs . Norton tho undiminished sum of 500 /? . a year . "
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HOW THE IRISH ARE TAUGHT . Tun national education of the Irish goes on very well , with added numbers taught each year , and better ways gradually introduced . At the end of last year there were half a million and forty-four thousand children being taught , being twenty-four thousand more tlmn were taught the year before . The school-houses hud increased by one hundred and seventy . When the new schools being built arc completed , they will afford accommodation to 7475 additional pupils . Thirty now wchools were opened in tho year 1852 . Tho total amount expended in 1852 was 157 , 701 / . 5 . t . Hd . the nmount for literary agency , out of this biiiii , 82 , JGil . 17 j . 8 d . : the repairing of schools cost 813 / . () . s \ 3 d ., while tho cost of the seventy-five schools being built lias boon 524 i ) £ ., 19 . r . 2 d . The amount expended hi premiums for cleanliness and good order was 7 ( 57 / . 10 a \ In tho Dublin Model School 1479 pupils are being taught , and , during 1852 , 302 teachers ( 17 Established Church , 43 Presbyterians , 240 Ronmn Catholic . " , and 2 Dissenters ) wore sent out , finished , during tho year . There are 133 workhouse schooln in connexion with tho
Board . There lire- twenty-six : model agricultural Nchooln , teaching' 207 pupils , in tho industrial classes , and 2355 < I » y pupil * . The workhouse-agricultural schools number tivonty-three . Tho agricultural teaching makes groat progress . Tho separate creeds of the children attending tho schools woro lately ascertained . Of 491 , 1 ) 27 children , 24 ; G 84 woro luonibons of tho Established Church , tho ProHbyleriuuH woro 40 , ( 518 , other Protestants , 1908 ; ltonmii Catholics , 424 , 717 .
After giving the . no satisfactory HtatintioH tho cominiHnioners refer to thoir proceedingn , relative to tho roligioun books . Thoy Htato tho withdrawal from thoir publicutionu and munitioned books of tho Jjossons on the
Truth of Christianity and of the Evidences of the Truth of Christianity , but these may still be used in separate religious instruction . They do not insist on having the Scripture Lessons or the sacred poetry read in any school , nor do they allow them to be read in combined religious instruction , unless no one objects to them . In separate religious instruction any of the books may be used . ' r
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NEW WAY TO DIG . MECirr , the Napoleon of Agriculture , informs the public , ( through the Times , ) of a new digging machine . He writes : — "A calm and rigid investigation and computation have convinced me that the doom of the plough , as an instrument of culture , is sealed , and that the rotatory forking , or , as ifc is wrongly called , di gging machine , is the only profitable cultivator . Even with , six or eight horses it is cheaperand infinitely more effective than the plough .
, " Since the trial of implements at my ' gathering , ' I have received from oneof our North American colonies tho model of a newly-invented machine , which , by a happy and most simple combination of horse and steam-power , willand I pledge my agricultural reputation for it—not only deeply , cheaply , and efficiently cultivate and pulverize the soil , but at the same time sow the seed , and leave all in a finished condition . It will also , by a simple inversion , cut and gather the corn without any rakeor other complication ; while both in cultivation and harvesting its operation will be continuous and without stoppage . havebt t
" The inventor and his machine , y he governmen of the district , been placed under my charge and guidance . I have , therefore , on public grounds , and considering the vast importance of the invention in a national point of view , advised the inventor to grant licenses for its manufacture , at a very moderate royalty , to the most eminent agricultural-implement ; makers in various parts of the kingdom , so that our agriculturists may be secured by competition against monopoly or inferiority , while the inventor will benefit in proportion to tho appreciation of his merits . I shall call together a meeting of the various implementmakers , and in due time my practical friends of the old school ( who must now consider me quite insane ) will have an opportunity on my farm of forming their own conclusions .
" I may venture to state generally that the implement when complete will woigh about 20 to 25 cwt ., will require a pair of horses , and will represent the power of about eight to twelve , or more , real horses . " I trust I need hardly say that I shall have no pecuniary interest in this matter . The invention , has been duly secured . " He adds : — " The implement for digging will require one man and one boy only , including the management of the steam-engine ; in reaping , the same , with ; e addition , of three men to bind , as the corn falls into their arms . Tho men will be carried on the machine . "
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IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING . Somtc improvements in printing have been just completed by Major Beniowski . They will , it is said , make the setting of type a 3 easy as writing , and one half cheaper than at present . Single types for words are the chief part of the new improvements . At present , to print the common word " , " the compositor must take up four types , three for tho letters and one for the white space between the " and" and the next word . In the new plan , the compositor has one type with " , " and tho necessary space engraved thereon . By having a great varioty of types expressing ordinary and often-used English words , the saving of time can be very great . The separate types for spaces can be always disused , as there will be distinct types for terminal letters , having a apace attached . Thus , to print the " e" in " help , " an ordinary " o" will bo used , but to print tho " e" in hope , an " o" with a space after will bo 80 t up . This new plan is called logotypes . It has been often thought of before , but tho difficulty always has been the multiplicity of classes of typo . If you have three on four hundred kinds of word-typen , you must have a caso of littlo boxos to hold thorn , and tho cane will bo ho largo , thiifc the compositor must walk about to reach tho
boxes in succession . For the ordinary way of keeping types for uhc is to throw into littlo shallow compartments of one caso tho littlo metal square-shaped ( sticks , ( us thick as a good bodkin , and only an inch and a half long , ) on the end of which tho letter is printed . It therefore required practice in a compositor to know which wan tho box for each letter , us the littlo sticks ( lying- confusedly iu thoir respective boxes ) did not present thoir lettor cud to the eye . Tho diilicnlty is increased by tho < iu ; fc that tho cases are not
ftlphiibetioally arranged ; tho letter " o" is u largo compartment in tho centre , near tho hand , because it in most wanted , while " j'' may bo in n . small box ut , tho bottom . Under tho now system tho arrangement is different . Tho typos , iriHtciu ! of lifting in boxes whero thoy lio confusedly , uro inserted in Indian ( ilo into long c 1 ikoh or channels , « loping down towards tho coinpositor ' H hand . Thoy aro looso enough in their channels to allow tho flocond typo to Hlido down when tho drat i « taken away . Thuw , m tho Holdior in tho hocuiuI rank ntep » into the plueo of tho firut-runk Hoklior taken ftwny , so
that an unbroken front is ever present to the ene the compositor will likewise find the succession d I faithfully fulfilled by each little type . All the « « JJX for instance , instead of crowding together , will rai ' themselves one after another in a long row , the co positor seeing only one at a time , and as that one i " removed , the next " e" steps down into his place 3 Another point is worth notice . At present , the little metal stick called a : type is blank at one end , so that you have to turn ifc up and read the inverted letter Yin . verted in the that it rint ri
type , may p ghtly on the paper ] before he knows it . But in the new plan , the type ig also marked with the letter rightly engraved on tho other end , so that the compositor sees before him the very letter he is about to print . Thus , tho compositor requires very little training . A child who picks out letter after letter of a toy alphabet , and spells a word rightly , does what the new compositors will merel y do . At an experiment on Saturday , a young lady printed 4700 letters per hour , a speed three times greater than at present attained by experienced compositors .
Printing machines of a new kind , to print 20 , 000 copies an hour , and improved inking-rollers , have also been invented and perfected by Major Beniowski . On Saturday , he showed the working of his inventions to a large party of literary men , Douglas Jerrold and Shirley Brooks among them . Soune M . P . ' s were also present .
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THE WORKING CLASSES . There are many demands for higher wages , as yet unsatisfied . At Stockport the shoemakers ask thirt yfive per cent , advance on former wages ; the masters offer ten . The shipwrights of Bridgewater ask 24 * . instead of 21 * . a-week . The builders' labourers in Westminster demand an advance . The London coalheavers ask an advance of 9 d . per ton . The Ashton spinners have issued a circular , calling for five per cent , in addition to five per cent , previously paid .. The bricklayers of Messrs . Holland , builders , demand ten per cent , advance . ( The Times complains that they made the demand on the morning of a workman ' s feast , to which the Messrs . Holland contributed largely . But if the demand were just , any time was suitable for it . )
The advance of wages is extending over the Manchester district . " In many scattered establishments ifc is quietly paid , and the public hear nothing about it . ' * At Blackburn , Preston , Burnley , Accrington , and the neighbourhood included under those names , the ten per cent , is given both to the weavers and spinners . Tho stonemasons of Worcester have got 2 s . a-week advance . General prosperity advances . Pauperism in Bucks has rapidly declined . Some parishes , which formerly paid 20 s . in the pound for poors rate , now pay but 9 d . in the pound .
The altered condition of the manufacturing districts tolls the same tale . In July , 1848 , there were not fewer than 2074 cases of adult males , married or single , relieved in the Manchester union , on account of want of work , or similar causes , while in July last the number reported by tho clerk , under the same head , was only nine . The shoe manufacture in Norwich is extending . There arc twenty-live wholesale boot awl shoemakers , employing 5000 persons . A new Corn Exchange . is to be built at Haddingfcon . A l"vg c covered market is to be erected at Manchester . It will enclose a spaco 440 feet long , by 244 feet wide .
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CURIOSITIES OF JUSTICE . The olden Court of Chancery , peculiar to tho Palatinnfo of Lancaster , has been revived , and with good effect , " making justice cheaper and more accessible . Manchester is to participate in tho benefits of this resuscitation ; two courts aro to bo held yearly in that town . . A Liverpool jeweller sold jewellery to two women , callft " Polly StororH mid Madame Annie : a diamond bracelet lor thirty guineas , and a pink topaz brooch at ten guinea * were among them . On suing ibr tho money , tho worn "' pleaded and hwoi-o that they woro women of vicious iiVC *' that tho jewellery was used ' an an adornment i" ' ,, ! , ¦ ' entice- men , and that tho jowellor knew of tho fact . J- Illf ) defence failed , and tho women wero adjudged to pay " ¦'"' value of the jewellery , something Joss than ' tho charges ol tho shopkeeper . ClinngeH in our \ vay « of treating criminals descrvo careful record . Therefore , although wo have nlreiw'y noticed in our Parliamentary roporfc tho new Act >< Aboliuh Transportation iu certain cuhch , we ro-s tato hen it « character in its ' completed form . J t ; will eomo into force on iioxt ; ThurH < lay . After the commencement <> t "" act , from and after tho lnt of September , no person w i « be Nohlenoed to transportation except for life < "" fou « e <» yonrtt or upwards . Any ponton who might have been « " » - fenced to transportation for a term lens than fburtow " yearn in to bo liable , nt the discretion of tho Court , w Kept in penal Borvitudo . Persons liable to tranHportati <>>
( or fourteen yeara or upwards , or for life , may Htil ^ bo h <' fenced to trarmportation , or to penal Horvitudo inflow The following lennn of penal nervitude uro to be awar < iiiHtead of the present terms of trannportaf ion :- —ln » M > ^ of transportation for woven yearn , or ibr a term not ex e ing Devon yearn , tho ponal aervitudo to bo for ft term
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822 THE LE ADE ^ [ Saturday ^
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 27, 1853, page 822, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2001/page/6/
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