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• tr extraordinary assistance to the poor , to enable them t keep large fires in their rooms , to protect themselves from cold and damp by warm clothing , to sustain their trenffth-by a solid and nutritive diet , and to counteract the predisposition to disease induced under these peculiar circumstances , by suitable tonics and other remedies , under medical direction . This representation was made when there was a threatening of the return of cholera ; it . is now amongst us , and the General Board would remind the affluent that the opportune supply to their poorer ¦ nei ghbours'and . dependents of wholesome food , warm clothing , onrl bedding , and even such remedies ( to be always in
readiness ) as their medical attendant may recommend for looseness of bowels , is charity in the truest sense , and may be * means of saving many lives . It is also much to be desired , and the General Board would strongly recommend , that the higher classes should co-operate with the clergy , who have done so much to promote the object of the Legislature under the Public Health Act , in making frequent visits among the poor , and impressing upon them the importance of following the instructions here laid down , with reference to which there is a perfect accordance between the College of Physicians and the General Board of Health .
" In conclusion , after the large experience of this disease which has been obtained since the General Board of Health issued their first notification ( 1848 ) , they can now repeat with greater confidence what they then urged , that , formidable as this malady is in its intense form , and developed stage , there is no disease against which it is in our power to take such effectual precaution , both as collective communities and private individuals , by attention to it in its first or premonitory stage , and by the removal of those agencies which are known to propagate the spread of all epidemic diseases , or , where that may be impracticable , by removal from them . Though , therefore , the issues of events are not in our hands , there is ground for hope , and even confidence , in the sustained and resolute employment of the means of protection which experience and science have now placed within our reach . "By order of the General Board of Health . ( Signed ) Chakles Macatjxay , Secretary . "
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LORD JOHKT EUSSELL'S SPEECH AT GREENOCK . Loed John Russell has had his holiday demonstration ; and ia accordance with the character of the man , has spoken gravely , though hopefully , of the present aspect of affairs ' at home and abroad . The- occasion was the presentation of an address from the provost , magistrates , and - town councillors of the town of Greenock , who , on Monday , presented one of the usual complimentary addresses . In referring" to Parliamentary reform , Lord John oddly brought in the coincidence , that when he was a boy at school , in Scotland , the people were not represented : —
"I cannot but loot back at the time when I first entered Scotland , and had the advantage of receiving part of my education under distinguished men in the metropolis of your country . ( Cheers . ) At that period there was nothing like real representation of the people of this part of the United Kingdom , —those exceptions of popular election which prevailed elsewhere did not find their place in Scotland , and the freedom of the press was a mere name ; for I do not remember that there was any newspaper at that time which really conducted public discussions with freedom and with openness . I cannot but look at that time to congratulate you , and to congratulate myself , that times are so greatly altered . Your provost has alluded to institutions in other countries which have failed—to liberties which have flourished for a time , and have decayed , or without bringing their fruits to maturity . But the difference between those countries and this is , that there is
here such a temperate enjoyment of freedom—such a forbearance in pushing rights to extremity , such a wellconsidered appreciation of the value of liberty , the institutions derive all their force and all their grandeur from the character of the people among whom they are introduced . It is thus that if I at any time have been enabled to add to the privileges , to add to the power of the people , I have felt at the moment , and I have been confirmed by experience since , that I was adding at the same time to the strength and security of the throne . lam sure , gentlemen , that such will continue to be the case , and that while you value and esteem those privileges which you enjoy , and those privileges which you may hereafter obtain , you will at the same time consider that it is by the temperate use of liberty , that all these privileges can be best maintained to a remote posterity . "
In these words no extension of reform is promised ; but in the fo llowing the necessity of general reform is vaguely described , in allusion to the Free-trade
measures : — " Gentlemen , your provost has alluded to measures which have been under discussion with regard to the extension of the principle of representation , and measures with regard to the extension of the freedom of commerce . I am happy , at least , to say , without entering into any argument upon these subjects , that your address confesses the increase , I should not say confesses , but rather loudly proclaims the increase of the prosperity and happiness of the people ; and thereby , at the same time , proclaims that those measures were not ill devised , and have not been unsuccessful . Gentlemen , with regard to the future , although I may take but for a short time any further part in the deliberations of parliament , I trust that much that
excited party dissension and heated discussion having passed away , that much which was matter of doubt having been settled , thero will be , with regard to future measures , if not an absence of party—und I don ' t expect any time when there shall be an absenco of party in this country , or when an honest difference of opinion should not bo expressed ; yet I trust thero will bo that agreement that the course of legislation may bo still further conducive to the happiness of tho people at lnrgc . And let mo say , however important the questions that wo hnvo discussed in past years , and it would bo diflicult perhaps to
find n timo in tho history of any country , when so many measures of importance ) liavo boon obtained , without convulsion and without revolution , ns hnvo boon obtained and established in this country ameo 183 , 'J . 1 say , while thin is tho ease , there still remains much for tho Qonsidorntion not only of nil statesmen , but of all men who aro lovers of humanity , of justice , and who have a regard to the welfare of their countrymen . It in thus with regard to legislatures , nn tho poet describes it with regard to tho travoller in a mountain country . Although you seem to havo mounted to a considerable ascent , thero are Htill farther
nsconta before you—Hills Who on liilln , mid AlpH on Alps ariao . Thoro is no tiino—I contemplate no lime—in which there will not bo much for nn enlightened and benevolent logislaturo to discuss , to arrange , ami to establish . Very unfortunately , tho very incroam ) of civilization , tho very gatherings togothor of population , which are tho fruits of industry , of commerce , of flourishing manufactures , und increased trade , bring with thorn their attendant evils ; and while wo nro occupied—whilo many bonovolonf , mim aro occupied—in extending into remote- regionn tho light of Christianity , thoro nro loo many almost at , our own
dooru , who from tho imperfection und tho deficiency of education , on the one liuiul , and from the crowded ahd ill-ventilated dwellings which , they inhabit , on tho other , are almost oh much deprived of tho means of obtaining religions knowledge and iiiHtriiction an the heathen in tho most distant lands which our devoted missionaries have visited , and where they have been ready to Haerifiee their liven in the promotion of . Divine ( ruth . ( Cheers . ) Well , gentlemen , but those questions give rino to numerous and important mutters upon wliieli men again may differ , but . upon which I hope tlio conclusion to wlrioh they arrive may be eonduoivo to the happinoNH of our countrymen . " Our very freedom stands in tho way of many rogulationn in tliomsolvcB bencileiul . "
" While in a foreign country , where despotic rule prevails , you find that there is an * obligation to provide for the good ventilation , for the ordering and maintenance , by measures of police , of that which contributes to the health of the population of a city ; our people , naturally—I must say I find no fault with such jealousy—object to the interference of any central authority ; and when the matkr is left to their own government , they do not always pro vide those measures which it is for the-good of our poop * they should provide . What should be the limit ? Should you interfere ? What should be the measure of interference ? How far can you limit the freedom of the people in this respect ? How far should legislation be introduced into such matters ? These are important questions which the legislature should consider . Then , in regard to
education , what vast matters are opening , upon which men of the greatest intellect have already given their opinion to the world ! Can we rely upon the voluntary efforts of individuals in order to provide sound education for the people at large ? Should you interfere , as the Government of America has interfered , in order to provide education ? If you do interfere , how far should you insist that it should be a religious education ? Can you , on the other hand , provide a secular education , and leave others , the ministers of religion , to give religious instruction ? I only glance at these questions in order to show that there are weighty matters still for the consideration of the legislature and statesmen , and I only pray to God that they maybe resolved in a manner befitting the intellect , befitting the character , befitting the spirit of an enlightened and a constant people . " ( Loud cheers . )
But while thus trimming between extremes in regard to home questions , Lord John roused himself and his audience to enthusiasm-ns he spoke on the foreign question of the day : — " Let me only say , that while these matters of internal legislation are of the utmost importance , while they must occupy from day to day the minds and the time of those who are called to represent you in the Commons House of Parliament—while there are other questions of internal legislation , likewise of vast importance , upon which I have already , for my part , given my opinion , that further measures ought to be adopted , it is also to be considered , and I trust we shall none of us forget , that this country
holds an important position among the nations of the world . ( Cheers ) . It is not once but many times she has stood forward to resist oppression , to maintain the independence of weaker nations , to preserve to the general family of nations that freedom , that power of governing themselves , of which others have sought to deprive them . ( Loud cheering . ) I trust that character will not be forgotten , will not be abandoned by a nation which is now stronger in means , which is more populous , more wealthy , than she has been at any former period . This , then , you will agree with me , is not a period to abandon any of those duties towards the world , towards the whole of mankind , which Great Britain has hitherto performed . Let us
perform them , if possible , by our moral influence—let us perform them , if possible , while we maintain the inestimable blessings of peace ; but while we endeavour to maintain peace , I certainly should bo the lust to forget that if that peace cannot be maintained with honour it is no longer peace—( applause )—it becomes then but a truce , a precarious truce , to be renounced by others whenever they may think fit —( cheers )—whenever they think an opportunity has occurred to enforce by arms their unjust demands either upon us or upon our allies . ( Much cheering . ) I trust , gentlemen , that so long as I can bear any part in tho public councils of this kingdom , such will bo my sentiments , and such will bo my conduct . Happy I am to
find that you have done me tho honour to signify your agreement with mo in these sentiments . I shall conclude , therefore , thanking you again for tho great honour that you have done me , by saying that 1 shall remain attached to that causa which hns been expressed in plain words—¦ in that which used to bo the ( oast i \ t our dinners , whorecver Englishmen were met—¦ namely , ' The cause of Civil and Religious Liberty over tho world ! ' ( Cheers . ) I trust that wherever the influence of Great Britain extends , that cause will be maintained by her . I feel it in her sacred function ; and when she lets fall that standard from her hands , she will no longer deservo lo bear her part in tho concerns of tho world . " ( Loud and continued cheering . )
The whole scene in said to have been . striking . It took place in n church ( the Midpiirish Church of Greonock ) , and tho municipal dignitaries were in their robes and chains of office . The Times hopes the words and the cheers may usefully echo on the magnificent banks of the Neva : to us tliey seem but like the strophes of the chorus in the old ( Jreek drama—chanting virtue in the presence of crime .
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Three cases of " cholera' are reported at Greenwich and Woolwich , but none have been fatal . It is not said whether the cases were " Asiatic cholera" or not . Deptford streets are reported to be in a very dirty state . . - ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ The act of Parliament under which the order incouncil respecting the cholera , was issued , passed on the 4 fch September , 1848 . It is entitled " An act to renew and amend an act of the tenth year o her present Majesty , for the more speedy removal of certain nuisances and the prevention of contagious and epidemic diseases . " The first part of the statute has reference to the removal of certain nuisances , and the second
empowers the privy council to issue orders for putting in force 1 the provisions relative to contagious and epidemic diseases . The order having issued for Great Britain for the next six months , the General Board of Health , by tho 10 th section , is empowered to i . ssue directions for the prevention , as far as possible , or mitigation of , the disease . The board may provide for the frequent and effectual cleansing of streets and public ways ; for tho ventilating and disinfecting of dwellings ; for the removal of nuisances , and the speedy interment of the
dead , and generally for preventing or mitigating such epidemic in such manner as to the board may seem expedient . Medicine ;; may be dispensed and medical aid provided . Houses can bo inspected during the day time , and anything injurious to health removed . The expenses aro to be paid out of the Poor's rate . There aro various provisions to enforce the act , and penalties » re to be levied and recovered for obstructing its execution . All orders and regulations nro to be laid before l ' arliuuicnt and gazetted .
It is notable that North Shields , within twenty minutes' rail journey of Newcastle , is as yet free from cholera , but several cases of diarrhoea have occurred . In Newcastle , tho head quarters of tho present cho-Jf'in , the fatality of the epidemic seems on tho decline . ll 'e deaths , during tho curly portion of the week , cached , daily , as high as 108 ; of late they have fallen w > 01 and 89 . Tho total number of deaths in Now-«»» tlo has been 05 . 3 . During tho same time there wore but 1 GG deaths in 1831-32 . Tho deaths , in Gateshcad , Jiuvo varied from 30 , on lust Saturday , to 12 , on Tlmrs-!| y- In Hexhuin thoro have been 11 deaths : in South & «» o 1 < 1 b , 5 deaths ; and in Durham , « deaths .
An extraordinary nanifcary step has been falcon . , ln « jwity of tho inhabitants of tho Sandgato , n crowded and dirty quarter of tho town , have been '"• dered away . Some have been encamped outsido tho ° w > i , and live a wholesome life , under canvass ; others ^ u HeaUwed through the town , bufc those who remain , " " C ! 011 Kiibjecfod to a severe visitation , 120 canes of '" olcrii having occurred amongst them . inn week thero has been but ona case of Asiatic loicru m London . A woman , living in tho city , was " , ° «« Hdfty , und died on Thursday morning . A ° » endemic cholera occurred in Marylebono . 11 Manchester thero lias been ono case of cholera .
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September 24 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 915
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LETTERS FROM PARIS . [ FltOM OUR OWN OoitKK . SrONDJENT . j TjK'iTKIt XCf . . Prtrin / riiurHiliiy Nvmiintf , Hop ! .. 22 , JB 5 » . Wk aro Htill in the midst , of a crisis , and the much-vaunted system of " authority" shows signs of falling to pieces . Tho infallible Government lws lost its wits , and knows not what saint to invoke to its aid . Tho latest report demanded of euch cowuitntr leaves no further doubt or illusion as to the Kcnieify . Mven in the northern departments , which were said to be more favourably conditioned , the deficiency is staled to be u third . J find my former calculation not quite correct : that given by ' the fiitrfu is as near the exact , al ; at «! of the ease as po . Hnihle . The deficiently must bo estimated to range between one-third and one-fifth . Tho IJusho ] $ rol , ngne , that in to say , three department
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Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 24, 1853, page 915, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2005/page/3/
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