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Leader (1850-1860), 19th November 1853, Edition Town of 2, Page 1107

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      guarantee tbe authenticity . At the time of the publication of the first manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas , which ended w the words ' We will march in the defence of the orthordox faith / two Poles in a regiment in Bessarabia went to their colonel , and said to him , ' We have just read the' manifesfce of the Emperor , and as we wish to act as good soldiers , we come to demand from you pur discharge , because , as Catholics , we cannot fight for the Greek religion . ' TJie colonel demanded instructions from St . Petersburg , and received orders to hare thorn both shot . Four others presented themselves , and made a similar request , and they were also shot in Moldavia . "

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      Letters from St . Petersburg , of the 3 rd instant , announce that a new levy of troops , in the proportion of seven men to every thousand inhabitants , has been commenced throughout the entire of the eastern part of the Russian empire . A letter from St . Petersburg of the 8 th says , that all the troops in th « vicinity of the capital have been ordered to keep themselves in readiness to march at a moment ' s notice . On ihe 3 rd the Emperor reviewed the regiments of the Imperial Guard , 18 battalions of infantry , 20 squadrons of cavalry , and 6 batteries of artillery . Namik Pasha , charged to negotiate the Turkish loan in Paris and London , has arrived in France by the Mentor steamer . The despatches brought by the Mentor confirm the Turkish successes in Asia .

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      A serious conflict has arisen between Church and State in the Grand Duchy of Baden . The Government appointed a special commissioner , without whose countersign no act of the Archbishop of Friburg should be valid in the Grand Duchy . The Archbishop has pronounced a decree of excommunication against the superior members of the Catholic Ecclesiastical Council appointed by the Government , and also against the Government commissioner . The Kegent has forbidden the clergy to publish auy such , act , and is preparing to take further measures agaiost the

      Archbishop . At the opening of the session of the Germanic Diet on thclOth , M . de Prokesch d'Osten , the Austrian federal commissioner and President of the Diet , made a communication on the Eastern question , and expressed a hope , in the name of Austria , that peace would be maintained . After this the Minister of Prussia declared that his Government had resolved to reserve to itself full liberty of action , in order to be able to act in the , interest of Germany , and for the maintenance of the peace of Europe .

      On the 14 th inst . the Piedmontese Parliament met for the despatch of business , having been prorogued from the 13 th of July last . It is understood that , among the most important measures to bo introduced by Ministers , will be one on the subject of church reform , and another relating to religious toleration . The Pope ha 3 been astonishing the natives of the Holy City , unaccustomed of late to public speaking of that paternal description , by a sermon on the Forum , in which he Tebuked . with great energy of language and gesticulation ,

      the immorality of his subjects . The Holy Father appears to improve on his new regime of billiards . Austria having permitted the exportation of wheat from Xombardy into the Grisons by virtue of the concordat of 1848 , has refuaod the same favour to Ticino , on account of the blockade of that Canton , and has demanded of the Federal Council an effective control over the refugee * residing in tho frontier cantons without the consont of the Austrian authorities . This demand haa been distinctly refused .

      A letter from Lugano , of tho 10 th inst ., announces the arrest of an Austrian spy in the canton of Tieino—a eir--eumstance which had caused a considerable sensation . He arrived at Lugano on tho 1 st inst ., when lie commenced making inquiries respecting tho refugees suspected of carrying on political intrigues . Ho was arrested on his Avay to Milan . It is expected that tho Austrian Government will claim him , and that tho differences ( mating between Austria and tho Swiss Cantons may become more envenomed . Tho 24 th of April next is Baid to be the day fixed for tho nuptials of the Emperor of Austria with tho Princess Elizabeth of Itovarin .

      Gonural Navaoz , on 1 uh return to Madrid from honourable banishment ., was received far from graciously by the Queen of S pain . On hia thanking her Majesty for permitting him to return , she replied , " lam ' glml to find your health flo good : had I known it , I nhould have in-HHtwl on your proceeding to Viennu . " General Navaez iolt the i ' orco of this reception so keenly there , ho lost no < nno in leaving the capital and repairing to Araneruez .

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      Hio Bank of Franco , contrary to expectation , has not raised its rato of discount ; but it ban determined ( , o limit ; hh loatia on railway ahuroo from ( JO inillionu of lruuctt to »<> million !) . An ollieial report of tho French Government ndito * that « iu yield of tho hist harvest in about 10 , 000 , 000 hectolitres 'l *! ^ * - n-verngo yield , and that uj > to the pewnt timu '' 'Yjjy . OOOhectoliLros of corn lmvo boon imported into Franco . ¦ A h « interdict on tho exportation of corn by tho Vie <« - j ! ° y ° * -Mfjypt Itau encountered a determined opposition jrom tho Councils-gonoral of Franco and England , who ' inn r' ( luHC ( 1 to l ><> HiitfafiVd with Mio dolay nm > nlod till tho *» "l . U ot November . It is probable ) that tho interdict will ¦«» e romovod .

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      LETTERS FROM PARIS . LlCTXKB XCJX . * -r . PnriH , Thurmloy Evening-, Nov . 17 , lHfi 3 . ¦ JjOKAPAn-i-K ia hunting at Fontainobleau with all hiti ovn-t . Tho Russian Ambassador , M . do KisnolofF , a l ? lnvit ( > " to tho hunting party , tmd had ordered of fl OOBtu » "o Mortis XV . , with tho inte ntion » upniig in tho itea with distinction . But on * uo » uay Jaat , tho day fixed for his tlonarturo for

      Fontainebleau , M . de Kiaaelefi -was seized with , a sudden indisposition , which has confined him to his hotel . This occasioned all sorts of rumours in Paris ; among others , that the Emperor Nicholas had addressed a menacing note to the Cabinets of France and England , demanding the instant return of the combined fleets to the Bay of Besjka , under pain of an immediate declaration of war . This was rumoured to be the actual cause of the sudden indisposition of M . de Kisseleff . The Bourse , you may imagine , was alarmed , and the funds were sensibly affected . For the last week there has been a continuous , though very gradual fall . It is again reported that the rate of discount will he raised by the Bank of France . The financial crisis has been again a principal topic of

      consideration . You may remember that , in September last , I told you that the resources of the budget ( 1700 millions of francs , 68 , 000 , 000 ? . ) were already exhausted , and that great efforts were being made by the collectors to get the taxes of next year paid in advance . This state of things has only grown worse . The appeal was not accepted , and the Government has been forced to dip its hands deep into the coffers of the Bank . Hence the difficulties of that establishment—hence its want of specie . In other words , to avoid a Governmental financial crisis , Bonaparte will treat his friends of the Bank , and in trade , to a nice little commercial crisis . Warn your countrymen in good time to look to their credits on France , or the " smashes" in France may find their rebound in England .

      Arrests are still going on in the provinces . The number of the arrested is so considerable that the prisoners cannot be brought to Paris , and an examining- magistrate has been sent to Orleans , the centre of the ramifications of the conspiracy in the Loire in the Delescluze affair . At ( Means he was joined by the examining magistrate from Tours . This excites some apprehensions . Delescluze , you are aware , was the confidential friend of Ledru Rollin , from whom he held all the threads of the middle-class republican

      organization . It is feared that this arrest of Delescluze may compromise what remains of the republican bourgeoisie in the departments . I say nothing , you observe , of the operatives , who form the real republican party , and ~ cqmprise an organization apart . It must be confessed that the middle-class republicans are severely threatened in the provinces . Their disappearance would make so many rallying centres , so many leaderships the less for the people when their day arrives . It is thus that their loss is a misfortune to

      the cause . The Opera Comique trials are over . The prosecution began by itself abandoning the count which involved the punishment of death ; it contented itself with demanding of the jury a verdict of guilty of a plot against the person of the Chief of the State , and against the surety of the State . This indulgence on tho part of the pi-osecution confirmed a great many people in the belief that the real chiefs of the conspiracy were not before the Court , for the simple reason that they had been disposed of as soon as taken . Proofs were almost wanting against the prisoners , but simple inductions sufficed . Persons altogether

      unconnected with the plot , in whose houses pistols or copying presses had accidentally been found , were implicated in the affair . The trials lasted nine days . The President , M . Jangiacomi , a Corsican , displayed revolting partiality . Whenever the accused seemed to manifest any energy , any firmness , M . Jangiacomi cut them short with the exclamation , '' What is all this ? You are not here to attitudinize . Tho dock of the Assize Court is not a pedestal on which you are to be permitted to drape yourselves as you pass before the crowd . " Jules Favre , who endeavoured to apeak for tho defenco , mot the name rebuff as the accused . But ho could not be prevented from lotting ny a volley point blank at tho whole tribunal . Ho had just pronounced the word " republic" when ho wan interrupted by tho presiding judge . "Oh ! " replied

      Julea Favro , " I . know well enough that it in good tasto now-a-dayH to speak ill of a government at whoso feet I havo Hecii many prostrate who arc now before inc . " " That in not the question , " rejoined M . Jangiacomi , inconsod at the allusion . "Not to-day , perhaps , " ropliod Julos Favro agaiu ^ " but to-inorruiof Tho verdict was as ibllowH : — -Ruaut , Lux , GeYurd , do Moron , Mariut , Gabrat , sentenced to deportation ; Folliot , JDecroix , and A lix , to eight years' oxilo . Tho students , with tho exception of Laugardibre , wore acquitted , as also Brntian ' o , tho Wallachian , whoso onl y crimo was to have had a press at his house Martin , tho Dominican , tho man who goes'to confession—Martin , who , without boing arrested , denounced him . solf and his jinhooiiifcoH—wan acquitted .

      To-day i « , I boliovo tho final decision on another affair—that of tho foreign correspondents ^ and of tho violation of tho Hoorecy of lottors . Tho Oourt of Cassation doolared that tho police luul no right to open lottoi-H . Tho Court of Jtouon having affirmed , in appeal , that in this special ojiho tho )> olico had properly acted in opening lottorw , tho Supremo Court , in a full bench of all tho judges , is now to give » dofinitivo decision in tho last roaort . It is Raid that MM . Dupm and Dufiiuro aro to arguo tho point . Wo aro in receipt of nows from tho twat of war in tho cant of Europe , up to tho 11 th hint . That day tho

      Turkish army had advanced to -within four leagues of Bucharest , and had fought a second battle with the Russians , of which the result was not known ; but as the Russians had not sent to-Vienna , any bulletin announcing their own victory , it is presumed that they were defeated . In that case they would be reduced to evacuate Wallachia altogether . It is certain that the Turks crossed the Danube on the 4 th , at a new point , at Giurgevo , opposite to Routschouk ; they attacked the Russians in Giurgevo , and routed them at the point of the bayonet . Some details are known about the battle of Oltenitza of the 3 rd inst . The Russians had 3000 men killed or wounded . The majority of the general officers

      were wounded . It was the Carabines de Vincennes , carrying from 1000 to 1200 yards , which did the mischief . The two battalions of Turkish tirailleurs , armed with these carabines and drilled a la JPranpaise , bore off all the honours of the day . Whatever may have been asserted to the contrary , it is positive that G-ortschakoff has in Wallachia the fourth and fifth corps , 120 , 000 men , commanded by the generals Dannenberg and Luders . Of these 120 , 000 men , Luderc has kept 30 , 000 with him at Galatz , and on the Lower Danube . The remaining 90 , 000 are with Gortschakoff to hold Omer Pasha in check . If , as it is asserted , Gortschakoff

      has concentrated all his forces at Bucharest , nothing is yet settled , nothing is decisively concluded , and / we shall have to wait some time yet for a solution . If , on the contrary , he has scattered his forces for the purpose of guarding all the points of the passage of the Danube , Omer Pasha , if he have but a moderate share of military genius may , by falling like lightning on the Russian detachments , utterly annihilate the armies of the Czar in a fortnight . However this may be , rest assured the piece is only begun . The last acts may yet have to be played out in Baris , or in Moscow . S .

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      THE STATE OF ASIA . The Overland Mail arrived on Saturday afternoon , bringing full accounts from India , Burmah , and China , up to the 14 th of October , the 19 th and the 27 th of September . From the north-west provinces we have news of trouble and agitation . The murder of Colonel Mackeson , at Peshawar , by an Affghair , had caused tho greatest excitement , and had been followed by the wildest rumours . An Affghan invasion was expected ,

      although there had been no intelligence to justify it ; forces from Rawel Pindee were instantly marched down to Peshawar , and the ruinous old fort at the latter place was armed , and the guns pointed at the town . The assassin of Colonel Mackeson -was hung in front of his victim's house ; a large fofce , accompanied by artillery , with lighted , matches , being present on the occasion . An additional regiment liad been ordered to the north-west from a frontier post in Goozevat ; and Lord Dalhousic ' s visit to Rangoon had been put off in consequence of these north-western disturbances .

      Meantime , Mr . Thomasen , the able governor of the north-weBt , had died at Agra . He was a man of administrative ability , far above the average , and his death is a great loss indeed . [ It will be remembered that the Court of Directors had just appointed him Governor of Madras . ] Eumours had readied Bombay from many quarters of tho activity of Russia among the tribea on the north-west frontier . It was commonly repor ted that

      Dost Mahomed , the Affghan chief , had formed an alliance with Russia ; that Russian emissaries wore at Kohat and Cabool ; and it scoiuh certain that the Khan of Khiva and the King of Bokhara had gone forth at tho head of their armies to repel a Russian invasion . Tho Shah of Persia still lce ]> fc his nrmy in tho field at Sultanioh ; and , it is remarkud , in defiance of treaties with Russia , which forbid the assembling oi " troops in that place- Hence it in inferred that tho Ponriaus will fall upon tho Turks in Asia .

      Tho newH from Bimnah is still moro exciting . Tho eastern wulo of the Irrawsuldy had boon ravaged by tho ho-called robber chiefrt , and only two towns , Promo and Shwoydoung , had escaped destruction . Frequent raitlfi wore miulc on tho western bank , in defiance of tho Sepoy garriHoiiH . Tho liuir-appareint of tho throne of Burmah opouly « i < lod with the ? rebels , liritiuh authority was sot at naught , and tho uufortunato peasants woro the victims of overy atrocity ; Rangoon itself , poorly garriMonod by 800 mon , was throatouod with an attack . Tho JJunnoso guorilki woro resolved to make Poini a doHorfc boforo thoy yioldtid it to usi .

      Tho robols in China contihuo their triinnphant couiho . Shanghai avii . s captured on tho morning of tho 7 th , by a band " of Kwuutung and Fokbu mon of tho Triad Socioty , mixed with Siugaporu mon and with Homo of tJio low oIjihh of Shanghai . Tho place was taken by Miir |) riHo , wltli little rosistanco , tho Jinporial troojM , chiofly Triad mon , doHorting thoir autlioritioa . Tlio hocoikI niagistiato was killed and tho prisons thrown opon . Two otlior MaiulftrinH eHcaj ' iod , and tlio Taoutao , Sauiqua , Llio woll-knowii Ilonjf morcliaiit at Canton , deserted by lu . s guards , [) roHontc « l himself unprotected in his oflioial robcH and honours to tho niuititudo , who boing at tlio moment chiefly Canton mon , hid life wan spared , and ho ultimaitoly miwlo his onoapo , ami placed hiniBolf uiulor tho protection of tho American Minister . Thoro wivm UUlo Iomh of life , tho main

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      November 19 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 1107

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 19, 1853, page 1107, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2013/page/3/