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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^ -- , .- ^ Jnvm " aaa areist ^ Aaiftatite ih&vidtfals o * } fcsdto I r % > A ^ Jl < »» g to town reformatory asylutobs under f-jfoverft-^ Q ^ Sr" / ' ^^ ik ^ Sae rg BtocSd"Be | Scfi& tin'def fc set&eftfce ^ i ^ JP ^* /** Wfcfmofe . SD : pe moral ^ and Industrially tfr 6 %# ft lsiiP ^ % n- ^ S iK £ otbrT-WB State djefrayrog the cost of each cimkPb Ytidd CJ "' p'VEl SH&fiS ^ Pft . TOAVw . - ^ &rts ^ tltf ^ iP , thitt , ft * &te / S ^ t B fll ^^ ^ e fS Hitf % Jl V& % 4 a ^ v f 2 £ * 3 ^ y'Q ^ S y t ^^ wttiP ® - " / colonies * as fcihotad * e ( ^—— - ^ ^^ p ^^ ei ^ 0 % ^ e ^ k M * fes an accoiiXA < £ I&iis t l ^^ l ^^ iiii eiA ^ d it , is ttot so fatfoifiteible fcs . iiin 9 ra 1 fi ! raruijyrital ^* zesl to . meet t&e views aii ^ anVw ^ cr . to * ffie cSl' ^ Pthe Governtnent . fcf . ' € e ^ e ^ igny states tKat ^ reformatory ; Schools hageJbeon founded ' radtj 4 tittlif ? tiyn ^ y 5 i ^ & ^ d * TO e ^ ett ^ 6 ^ ti *' 8 , BliHt * nng-dht ^ % lst irwMff ^ 1 » 2 , ^ B 5 ^ ng * 8 ffenfc » s ~ &M $ b 8 j « , ^ 3 » oifc > , f * f ' *» r * lrt . «>< tehi * nd « othttfg tbo GOTOmtnOTftJtfW * S ^ i ( M * lh # ' * eiiiL © n Stbo (^ Jh « r * Mni ;« oi * iiafc iiMsr tern of- ^^
to > iBfc $ ^ Jfa Afc ^ mmber th « s f > r )> - nilOd J ^ Jhit f ^« a ' « t <» lWttie 8 , * flewpwij $ » p | # iiK ! W § iL > ( jer : « g | gfj ^ jj ^ owj ^ , -and ^ u ? pjrji ia ^» ch ^ < f ^ brgg j » r ^ ons ( Fontwienlt and 1 % w * j « 86 betwwe > i 7 and ^ l . ^ lie number TroiWTotfcertiapBfceSnitaelf aottadtoig , « acc > inp * r © dwith the
l «^ . yg 2 * apef « S ^ aSpMf , jM 8-0 uKEfl& $ 1 ilEfellli ] j& Su- $ tfrC § 3 M 18 XUOSt CSXAQuT AUfiL , ^ S 3 OU 8 uT if )—ti ^ &iewffln Me 2 (^^^^« 8 » a » as - to gt ^ tV ^^^^** i UMCv--M 0 " * wiiTOO 4 wtf > 6 BpoiM > Hg ^ * nj < ii ! itf > uKt n ^ ^ SerionB wffiMwag *^^ average danfcinttff fir 6 mi 8 H )^ j 3 l 5 pwinwinB . v * t ^ ris ia Ae lights olaasee (> f ^^^ eea / tl ^^ iH ^^ g ^ mmm ^ Fi&w ^* m& ^ $ && * 9 m Jufs aoabled . and < WB sentences- raaaii 2 ) nn £ Baelii > nenders . to isywfljSSK ^
<* va £ r * n « y i ^ g ^ « 5 $ ir ^ nt . -df diflhtrte ^ aria tfc * t , tbe ' «*» &i * giten ^ t ' ^ ut . ' 6 T ' aJ 8 « ultS . « . - * Pertly fl « bwr * o *« a ^ aDt ^ ± wt « liiiiiia ! raiB 4 B mil cOTrianue ^ -wrivthstiiifi nnmtiasdFiofaildsn ^ tlnni hloa 3 ea' « 7 ar to the State lorsmceal « ltf& 4 » ibM ; 4 friiu ^ will become mare sand m ^ ft ptan ^ iagv ^ M ^ p ? S ^ ^ stages &r this rpopufotofe * ^ 8 ffl | TO ?^ 5 RB'BW 9 Ha ? ffi PTO S ^^ fr ??** adopM tpdim nffi jmd ^ sh ^ lthus ap . ptar ^^^^^^ i l ^^^ l ^^^ lhF ^
m ** tbfe -trdrking tod' -reanttu ^ *»» Ltiw « F Anfeast , 185 © . by wtich . the-Tefornart ^ y' ^ fcfo ^^ lto < fl . W . de Pmngnyawriiii Jto < tr « oe « iafe iWBJatlfcpugnly totbree «* osee : —< - ' - *'~ i . : mkm tendency ^ ofdepniTed » and nieedy parents to mnke their ^ bUdnerortflDttpl « 9 ri « Mve them to be com e « o , fertbet B « i » of ; being yholl f relieved of the burden tof their « oaip ~ , t ^ oance and ; education 4 orii ) g their childhood -and early . youth . ' . , ** % tlie mieitafceii philanthropy of the magistrates , who have nnconsciously met the mews of snoh parents , by passing lihose sentenctis of detention too' xeadity and tiiireiNePtedly ; '^«« i 'Tlie-wflnied 'discipline atod bad organization of tte
rtfcnnartwyi colaniofi ' more wcentry founded . ' [ He appears by tWaoeipresfiiontoiexCeptiMettray . ] These have-becoaie in tifiwy tmaea > rAtba- oolUgts de pctvvnet than scboolB of correctional discipline ; nay , instances » re ftp be foq » d in which they have been a job , planned and carried out for the purpose of impnmng some proprietor ' s land , at wn expense of thie Exchequer , by the forced labour of tile young prisoner * . "It » f satisfactory to find that , with this strong conviction of tn » Opuses -mC \ c ± the reformatory system has been made tbeta ' catis iff , dnfl tln 8 dear perception of the sources they bftve'Bprang from , the French Government . do not propose to MMUMUm the » yfltem or to materially alter the law on -which it is new founded .
" TCMfocoBfeBeiQjr « pwrtiality ( most natural in a Frenchnpiun ) for jHUVB ^ y official insUtutians , wholly founded , supported , « nd mat ^ cod J ) y the State , in preference to those whioli private zeal and charity have formed and moulded , M . Persigny simply proposes that more circumspection and greateT reserve shoald be used , in future , in agreeing to any proposals to found snch private or charitable establishments ; that -swell as are fra . med and managed by ' religious institutions' should have the preference ; thnt a more strict and repressive discipline should be introduced into the reformatories ; and that toehecfc the depraved parents who abandon their -child during -its period of dependence , with the view of olakmng it again when errown old enoueh and -suffioientlv ot « lakfmng it again when grown old enough and -sufficiently
instnuBted , at the public expense , to be useful to them , the jeunts ctetenus should be retained in the reformatories up to their twentieth year , and thun the tie between them and the unnatural relatives be effectually severed . 4 'The girls uro already mainly in schools connected with conveys and superintended by their inmates . This is to be inore fully carried cut . M . de Perslgny seems to anticipate } Js 18 arran f 5 0 noe . nt will provide for them economically and effectually for life . The majority of the boys , as tliey become fitted by age , strength , and improvement for military Bemoo , will be draughted into the army , a measure which , considering that they will be nearly twenty years of age bofare they will bo < li » cliurgcd from the school , and will bo
Ifrdfeght b ^ tfee " military iprinoipie , will , probably , he suee&sTOTm prferidmg for fcfceit disposal in the wadd . " Btfr . ^" utniefr ; cottfnieads 49 ifii ttftthentfte statement * d ftie close cdnsidferaHtin iff the p'Wib ^ c . 'He doeB mk aeeanihe ^ omparati ^ 'feAttre of France any t-fcaseto for ^ spair ; but oifly L fdt cifimtnsp ^ ciSrjn . Thfe Ifoenfck flystem hetfeiaks was de ^ oieht in . two ^ ric ciplfes ^ the youngr -dSBamale bnght tu have met with treatable pumishiliettti ; -ftadtlteir parents should Tm-ve \ &&& tbrcWl 'to « ontri * Bflte somewhat t « warclB theor e ^^ ehse . Etes *> wn 'experieaee , oosofesaedly « rea ^ feads iiajfairafty tfr tbeie ^ ndttsionB ^ « oad he think it tttttdd be foimA 1 * at 3 b ^ a ¦ great mtfay instmofees the ; i > ltf > fcgatfe p&tetAte 'tft ' ^ otftg offeff < le * 8 wefoM » be well able to pay forth ^ ir iittiintetianw . At any l ^ tfe ^ k ^ p € Kral »« nitiBt iaot be oretlftdked .
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' - » EPA 3 Rf ^ lE ^*" Cfl 6 : ^ CJaCE ^ nCgfc ¦ £ & * .. ., ^ DbM flw t ^ R ^ drt of the ® ctbtefiskeB ^ of Science aaid 3 Art 1 tr «* iTftti % *» li ^> abiyiliei , ifi ; cfehowis -. the xesa&s ' M ^ 'W&rTtS l ^ &'&m ® e&mmueut batting the ye * "*\ . ' y " ' '¦ ' ^ 'j- —fy .., < rj . - - * - *^ ji x ** m "iSSitVi * j f ^ t-Viftf * # * Yi ' tini- ' n i ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ Jia ^ j-JtH ^ Aj ^ fctr 4 fnj ^ - ^ H ) # v'jpPpptWdRTh ? . DuuilC itlelvl 1111 / 100 % cnitillV j ) a | Tported * y" ^^ lianQen taijy grants , for the | Sr ^ hti ! 0 bri' ^ ^ s ^ oifeeMidrttrt , vffliie asoertsuaued ana sritHtoittea . ' to JP ^ tfiiairien t ipelidtlierifclly , « poQ tlie lespGfisilwnty of a « D (» i ^ r ^' theClronTO ; and Aat t 1 iefoijnd « rti 6 m * of a ^ Wietn tew t > 60 n laid * y wfaich every dirftiAet and bl 1
^ cKdim J tbe IJWite * Ei » g * a « i nJBy participate feauaHy Sn the ^ dyiintages ^ wMch « be aiepBMmnst offe ' re . lliese cons ^ iti tflie t > i « <*«« e , * t « v <* y mbde ' rate prii ; e , ' . t | imtKiels , aiagtwns , '« md rtppwratua for teacHmg ; in the furclia « e of e * aeipl <* faf Wh-« eurajs ; in tonowang specimens "from the Central sraiUKUfts -and ia o&tainiqg « the servieee of Iteaebefs firaporljr-traiBed ifbr . * ny-8 cii 6 ol 8 of itcience jani 4 . art ir ^»; b «*( ch Jooali ^ « iay t bt ^ t ^ 9 t to estabusk & » r
** ) ftrt ^ -: ¦ ..-. ,- ¦ ¦ ¦ . " ¦¦• . Sote&nng ^ th ^ aWmal remits of £ he last year ' s trxjrtdnt , ^* h 15 ie -mttoi ^ r of -persons who teE ^^ NCr ^ - cipated iiivatitfos ^ e ^ r % ^ s » i ^ the benefits ** flfe * ed fey * he de ^ fUiie ^ t , ttie fetal Tiutobers--eXcrtfdrB& ' ^ e * . ' aults ' iDTOiMiC for ^ h iai fbfe dala ^ afe ' ingtfllSidiit ^ may' be estimated at " upwards of 55 , 000 ' ^ csotiffi . 218 schools , chiefly for the poor , in different parts 6 f t * e TJnit « d KinigaGin , feavisg 85 , 794 sdfetAWs , « i * ve tttr ^ a ^ d / -ce 5 > leB ^« d A « del « &c ., for drawing , : «* t ^ to average'aitiemnt <^^ 7 . ^ p * « c % oel , being half t * # & prime . cost to the -&ta * e , ; aed pi ^ olbfltoly O » e- * hil * d
the lirieie - \ vhich othc « ri » e wotfld have "teen ^ a&d . M «« t ^ f * be « e exaraples hav « beenprodnoed ^ Kpressly fbr the d ^ airtmeii ^ , and ft *© ateo widely dirMsdb * ted by thechatinels of trade wfcttaout futsther < expeneeto the Stat « . 66 ptfbKe' schools , having 7313 children , clilefly - <( f the ^ bo * ter daasseB , have obtained the seTr »* ees ctf" tiMMrters < of the dejpartrnerft : to teack elementary drawing—which is beginning it © beTeoognifted a » fiecesBary to call % « n < licr « f « s . In coeioert with ^ be 'Committee of Council wn Education . & 21 < umaidatt « s « s isc 6 odftnaBt 5 B 3 re , tediKtaltffig Sn 41 m rtfeverol training ttchools in JBnglaad « nd WAea , iaive fee « to -eacamlsed in « tom 0 dt « ry drawing . V& 5 G
schooltniiBters and pupM' -taachexB in jrabllc schools bare availed themselvee o > f the means of 'learning geometrical and Sree-toatid drawing in the seboots of the department , with the view of teaching it in their own schools ; whilst the various hinds of students/—chiefly artisaus—4 n < 4 ie Bereral schools > of < art ' ( now latnountingito 43 in number . } who have obctained instruction in advanced art applicable to the improvement of industry , have reached ll , ' 000 persons during the year . In addition to these < numbers , 4500 applications have been -made to consult the library of art , at Marlborough House ; and iapwards of 155 , 900 visits have been made to the ventral museums Of science and art .
The -working of the central institution has been made subservient to the wants of the United Kingdom , and ultimately the action of the department in the metropolis m HI differ from that in the provinces chiefly by having- a training school for masters , and being the college for examinations . A s the central museum becomes developed , it will become the dep 6 t for similar museums throughout the country , for the loan , purchase , and exchange of specimens . Already
local schools of art enjoy the privilege of borrowing articles from the museum of ornamental art , and of purchasing specimens at reduced cost . By these several means above stated , and by collecting and puWfshing useftri experience on the subject , it may 'be hop « d that the department will be instrumental in raising the character of our manufactures as well as the intellectufll appreciation of those who have to produae and consume thern .
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39 ffi&t ? £ k 0 $ Xtfrrbosr . ^ FTom ^ Vte ^^ rm-^ OvneraVs Eeiurn . ') I ^ i tK wefttb / er has t > eeacolder tfean is uuual at thebe » gfeMftig of tfatte , « nd the i » te * f ra * rt * lity hats been high , wod . is stitt above 4 he * vefiage . Tfee prea&A tv&mx , feowev « t , exhibitea redaction ia the 'deaths f the imxriaetB iatLe two prevKrtis weeks baling lofen , H ^ S and 5143 , and that of the week tb » t -etaded last Saturday , 1 O 90 . Sating the six weelca that have elapsed since ( the 2 STd « f April , the inean weekly temperature has 4 » een ^ w » y » below the average .
lathe ten corresponding weeks of the years 1844-53 the average number of deaths was 9 T 5 , -which if raised in proportion to increase of popnlation becomes 1007 . The Actual nnmber of last week , therefore , exceeds the estimated anaount by 83 . % a comparing the . present with , recent returns ,, whilst there appears a decrease In the mortality of diseases ceneraUy 4 the epidemic class shows < a tendency to become more fatal . ^ The deaths included in this class were last week 3 O 9 > , whilst t " he average is 212 , Fatal cases of measles were 46 , those of scarlatina j-ose to 72 , hooping-cough carried off 53 children , typhus 5 ? persons at various -periods of life ; . diarrhoea was fatal in 22 cases , which but slightly exceeds the usual amount . Two deaths from cholera
were registered iu the week * Last week the births of 789 boys and 735 girla , in all 1524 children , were registered in London . la nine corresponding weeks of the years 1845-53 the average number was 1392 . At the Royal Observatory , Greenwich , the m « an height of the barometer in the week was 29-65 S in . The < baronaeter rose to 29 * 84 in . byd h . p . m . on 31 st May . The mean temperature of the week was 52 * 3 deg ., which is 41 deg . below the average of the same week in 38 The temperature beiow
years . mean . was the average throughout the week . ; it was 7-3 deg . below it on Monday , and 5-3 deg . and * deg . below it on Friday and Saturday respectively . The highest temperature in the week was 70 * 3 deg . on Thursdays the lowest was 40 * 8 deg . on Monday . The mean dewpoint temperature was 48 ' 4 deg . ; and between this and the mean « ir temperature the difference wiis 3-9 deg . The wind blew from the south- "west in the first four days , and from the north-east the rest of the week . The amount of rain that fell was O ( J 1 in . * more than lialf of which fell on Monday .
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MISCELLANEOUS . „ Royalty has been much busier this week . The arrival of the King of Portugal and the Duke of Oporto , on Saturday , would seem to have been the signal of new gaieties . On that very evening , thG Royal couple and their Koyal guesbs visited the French plays , and subsequently twice attended the Italian Opera . They also were present at agTand ball given by the Marchioness of Br « adalbane . Tho rojal Portuguese havxs lost no time in going over tho Tower , the Wellington Burrueka , the Uritish Musoud *
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THE CITY CHURCHES . ILondov City has too many churches ; so ears the Bishop of London and many other persons . The population have quitted the old city for the new Buburbs , and ministers preach to empty benches . The Bishop of London therefore proposes to take power from Parliament to remove the churches from where they are not wanted , to places where they are
required ; at 'least that is his plea , —to > make the church * or rather the revenue , follow the people ; and the House of Lords has -sanctioned a bill to cany t ? Ht the plan . But there ie an Opposition of course . A ttutegroas i&eetiag was held on Weftnereday , at the 3 jondon Tavern , tot < # tiieh Mr . Babfoard , tbie Governor df the * B » bfc of EngBand , presited , to eotrtldef the ptoyUititte . of tire ' . proposed tnll " % o amend Hhe Church iBuHdupg Acts , " aftd ttfe law inspecting'Ike uliidnDf benefices . ^ Che coairman , in opening the prooeeduiga ef the tneeting , aaid that the bill in q ^ aestion was introduced under false colours , and it would hardly
be imagined tfeat 4 he object of it was to interfere between the pansMooers and their cbmrches , and . ^ tftty ^ flTt . he teeter whet / her the nfermer would < or act -Mr . Bktary Sy&w Th&tntem ^ noved the * rBt fesolution— "That this meeting has iettrtft w 4 th deep regret that a bill lias passed "the "House of Lords empower ^ tig the Bishiop of £ « tia « h , > itfc Ihve ^ consent of the pstrbtis xmd iJie if ^ itfchContmisSioadrs , to tdfite lietiaaces ffrespecti ^ e jbf their ; pt > ptitation or value-, ^ ana desecrate and ipuu ilowo , < fia obtaiflStag an order ia 'iGobtid ^ . a large and indefiaite number of ehrnvhto anrfte tdty of 3 London , and to -setL tbe cites of iie tnaaatsgfe « ttdft > % &thout «^ dag the coaseat or coasfclt « ig * he wishes < if the pariBhio » ew . " Thw ftcsolution . was seconded by the IBev . -3 . Toogood ( rector of St . Andrew ' s , fiolbora ) , who gave his opinion tha . t
tiaeete ^^ fts Ho < 4 mrch ia * ae * fty w * wumt «^ oqgregatioavttffic ^ fit < te « ode * ipy % x&exgymat * , m * d it *« s e ««* rle 4 . Aw * rt * iet te ** Wtfoi % w *« also paswedtiy a lafge ^ tttajo-rrty W > f <« to \ vs-r ^ l''Thft ^ tbeaestrtictiofe o € edificc ! j , not oTt ^ y vettei ^ fWe Tc ^ ^ lMSt sacred-purposes and thetr mohtimfental retoraa , 1 rat rfetctesting « memorials of ; archTte <; turAl skSH , would be a serious detriaient to the « p |) earAhce & "Ae city of-Lotidoti , WW& . its : teaMiHie 8 B woadd Tjef « mmlie 4 ^^ a&fativA ^ j& ^^ ^ y ^^ light ^ od « 3 r fibm the « burch «« rda aod ^ bwial ^ poaads , w ^ Hch , wwridbe tb * 4 iMM § edted ko k |« nnful de * e&ratioa A pstft *^ % o % heHw « e ^^ offlmoHS foandedT ) n the « e resolutions was ^ Iso agreed to . There w « 8 ^ 8 wn& stout , but ^ effectual eppositton .
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$ 8 til LEADER . { Saturday ,
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Leader (1850-1860), June 10, 1854, page 538, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2042/page/10/
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