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without 'a showman , is an anomaly hitherto unkaown in England . We « pass over tlie obvious but irremediable mistake of building the palace six miles from the metropolis , and simply urge the importance of organising a better system of railway'inariagei&eHt , so as to put a stop to the very just complaints which are still p © i > petuaily made .
As &-school of art , then , the Crystal Palace is a £ aiku > e . But if the directors will descend firora that lofty and untenable position , Hh&y may > 6 tiH achieve commercial success , and confer ar'real benefit om the cornanuniiy . If ire ^ elase instruction , we ape in great want t > f anspsement . Oremorne and Vauxhall Are very <> excellent institftttKras . Even if they attttwit , -t ^ some extent , the vice of the aaetropolis , / feh ^ ee is little to offend the most prudish 'delicacy . We ean assure our Teaders that
persons of the highest respectability , of imimpeatjhable virtue , maybe found , in " either of "fcheSe ^ iaburban seats on any evening in the -tr oeli . ® iit , 'With all their good qualities , the ' pleasant gardens of ¦¦ Cremorne are immea- ] surably inferior to Sydenham ; and we are cbnfidtegifcthat if 'the directors of the- Grystal iPalace would take a lesson from their less ; ambitious rivals— --for rivals they 'undou&fcectly areT—itbey would increase at once the atrfcrac-, tions of their show and the profits of their ; shareholders- As it is , the . Crystal Balaee is ! the best eating-houae within the neighbour- ;
hood of Xondon , and every one wfll agree , with the writer of a lever brochure on fchis subject , that " the two great attractions , atj present , in the Crystal Palace , are the dinners ' and the brass band . " All we ask is , that the director shpuld , follow the bent of the ! public mind . Let them , make their Palacei amusmg , . and they will make it pay . If they
are serious in wishing to educate tbeixj countrymen , let them' set about it in the proper w ' ay . But as a large proportion of the -visitors to Sydenbam go there for amuse-i menfc and not fpr , instruction , it is surely for , the interest of the directors to gratify , even if they . topise , the largest class of the holi--tday public .
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AMERICAN SOCIAX LIFE SKETCHED BY AN ENGLISH RESIDENT . I / etteii HI . ( Conclusion . ) 11 Modern'Times , Thompson Station , Long Island , N . Y ., » 4 March , 1854 , " Mtukak , i I © N , ' -iN 0 W \ iibout Modern Tiinea . iasfe year ; thia young social movement had to pass through at lather dangerous crisis . A discussion happened to spriog up in the New York papers . on . the subject of marriage and divorce . Strange that so fitndamental « question of social morals should at this tjmG . p-f . diay hare to go about tagging for a niche pr two Of solid grouijd on which to rest !
' ? The teijpptation was , too great for our friend { Andrews ; and he plunged into ifc . Our doctrine of the sovereignty of the individual exercised a . % his Own cdst'ttmat not bo allowed to be upset by a rotro-. grade institution , founded by our ignorant and , barbarous forefathers . At : all events , in this ago of free clistinsafcJn , under the full reign of tho right of private judgnaoht ; proclaimed now these three centuries , av « ji must at ipaBt'hear what hao to bo said on tho matter go thpwght Mr . Horace Greeley—at least I , suppose WT-Hifc / AU oventa lie eaid so , and Mr . Andrew ' s first lefttor , , dx \ h ^ ( mpenred .
'' # U $ j unluckily , there are eomo subjects on which i ^ ia ^ ewyr to , Bfiy , . things that cannot be unsold , and BJ ?* W ft W 0 * not hftv 0 bcen B » W . I , apprehend Mr . % u ? l % waa vo ^ ^ ' beloro * S > thn * he had $ > ns pitfjH ply pipped himself to open his columns to ' ft aificutifjipn which he , an ablo editor of tho first 'tn « igl \ itude , " ought to have known from the outset ^ Us'ihi'ita ' bwh ' natttro Incapable of resulting in Atty-} < Hfn ^ titp \ tro ' fchH 0 B . Our friend Andrews imd , of ^ obutftd ^ -VeVJr easy tnalcincHtfaiding tho JndtifcntM mmat ' rittgdjiA'Wh «» that « ha ( b over dipped into'IToui'tar but la' ft » Hy aware how unanswerable , triumphantly
unanswerable on the basis of mere argumentation , are the criticisms to be 'urged against this sacred bond ? On the basis of eternal principles , '' declarations of independence , ' all men—homines of courseare born free and equal , ' Sec . &c . &c . ; the question is short and easy . « A . nd , of course , Mr . Andrews made a display . " Mr . Andrews subsequently published the whole correspondence in pamphlet form . ' Xiove , Marriage , and Divorce , ' accordingly appeared in the series of our ' Equitable Commerce' publications ; to the great alarm . of all whose morality would tumble to pieces upon the first scrutiny into its foundations .
" The exultation achieved by what is known here as the Dr . Nichol conspiracy was great . Andrews was silenced—finally , of course ; tlie dreaded Modern TimeSj which our Conservatives only affect to despise , was routed—ralso finally . And it is realty true that the number of the curious who were almost daily visiting our young village , fell off very greatly —to be replaced in a few -weeks by substantial men , really having means aad intending to employ them in our movement .
" And . it certainly stands out an undeniable fact , that in our village the so . verej . gaty of the individual is , so fax as an almost unanimous public opinion is concerned , recognised to the full extent involved in handing over the marriage contract , to the consciences of the parties primarily concerned . Jf they choose to divorce themselves , and events form new ties , we recognise na authority really competent to interfere .
" Not , for myself , recognising' inconstancy' in any human relation , and , least of all , in the conjugal one , rejecting for myself utterly and entirely the theory of the passions propounded by Charles Courier , I take my stand for the present simply on our doctrine of the sovereignty of the individual exercised at his own cost . Assuredly this in nowise pre-judges the moral question at all . It asserts no ideal—no moral
type—whatever individual adherents may do . Beyond our one principle we are in nowise responsible for each other ' s aoctrines any more than for each other ' s aefes , here , in our village of Modern Times . But our principle does this one thing , and here I distinctly take my stand : it unites all of ushore in a firm , final protest against the competency of political authorities to decide questions of morals . " I remain , my dear ' Ion , ' fraternally yours , " Henky Edoeh . "
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There is no learned man but -will confess "he hath . much profited by reading controversies , hia senses awakened ,, and hia judgment sharpened . If . then , it be profitable for him to read , why should it not , at least , be tolerable for his adversary to write . — Milton .
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{ To the Editor of the Leader . ' ) Gheadlo Mills , near Mitnohoator , July 14 , 1854 . Sia , —Mr . Joseph Barkerj at the close of a lecture at Stockport , ma , de some remarks on the pro-slavery tendency of the Leader . Owing to tho noise at the time , I did not so ¦ well hear what he said , so wrote him for substance of remarks . I received a . letter from him , a copy of which I aend you . These are the worda : " Dkak Sin , —Tl » o Leader once pB ^ Hahod a pimigroph highly laudutory of Mr . Henry Oluy , tho American proslavery statesman , and especially of the part ho took in tho groat compromise measures . I . wroteto « xplain , first , that Ohvy was not tho author , of those Kwasures , anil , secondly , that though ho aided their passage , It was no grout credit to him . 1 stated that one of these monsnres was tho grant of ten millions to Texan slaveholders , another tlio InfmnouB
Fugitive Slave Bill , &o . " Tho Leader said these measures wora tho crowning glory of tho groat imin ' s lifo . I oxprcHsed tho opinion thnt nuoh high praiao , for auch dark dooda , was too rnucli to bo given by the Leader . Tho letter I wrote was respectful and kind , oat , the KUitor refused to insert it . Somo friend or friondn wrote nboat tho letter after it appeared in anolhor paper . Tho lSditor then misquoted and miai-cpvoaonted It , « nd protondMltoianawer aipuvl ) of It ; but still refiiHod to puljllah it . What was worse , lie snid ho would gladly publish JettWH from nno on any other oubjoot ; ttlniH flbowii ) g , n » It Btomod to / no , that wliilo diupoueii to allow lioth sidea of otlwr . qaoHUona to a , ppoar in l » i » , columns , ho waH dutuvminod not to do jufltloo m tlio matter of Amcrionn elavory . 1 "'My 1 mpros » lon i « , : from nil I haw noon , that tho Loader , ' » n tlie-aubjiwt . Qf . Apioricon Hliivery , ia under pro-aluvory iniluiMico , and i » HVHtQmuilcuHy i \ njuat to tho ndvoowtos of African n-oodom . TIjp wpirft und touo of ita articles nrc nniibrmlytho flamoaa . those of the American pro-slnvcry papers .
[ am sorry , very sorry , to be obliged to make this complaint , butas I withdrew my praise of Mitchell when lie avowed bis wish for a slave plantation , so must I take back my praise of the Leaderr \ ihen I sec it showinc the same unhappy leaning . ' c " I will withdraw my censure -whan fcbe Leader agrees to publish both sides of the great American question . " Yours very respectfully , ^ Si gned ) * ' Joseph Baukee . " The Leader was very high m my estimation before I got the foregoing letter : certainly I am nowdisposed to think that its " Open Council" is " a mockery , a delusion , and a snare . " I hope that Mr . Joseph Barker will not lose an opportunity of making such a fact known after you have done him such an injustice .
Several persons whom X knew to be subscribers-io the leader heard the same statement , and all seemed equally surprised with myself . 3 hope for your credit ' s sake that you -will give some explanation of the matter , as I always found you willing to retract if in tlie wrong . I am , dear siy , yours respectfully , Edwin Axon . [ For this fortnight past we have oeen hearing of Mr . Barker's platform abuse of the Leader , and vre are obliged to Mr . Axon for enabling us now to get a , grip of the libel . For it is a libel : and we hereby challenge Mr . Barker to point to the slightest evidence -of the truth of his charge . We confess to
haying had a disinclination to publish Mr . Barker on the . guestion of slavery , and it is no offence in journalism to be shy of particular correspondents;—but nowr we offer him all the opportunities he may desir € . "J
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BULLYING . IN THE ARMY AND UNIVERSITIES . ( To the Editor of the Leader . " ) SiR ,- ^ It is not long since the leading journals condescended to devote a . portion of their valuable- space and time to a consideration of the theory and practice of bullying as supposed to exist in our public schools . How ignorantly and superficially the subject was handled even by the Times , was Btrongly felt by everyone practically acquainted with the working of the public school system . Even the facts alleged turned out in most instances to be gross perversions of the truth ; and T believe satisfactory contradictions
were inserted by all the papers which had been imposed upon , with the exception of an organ of -the religious world , long noted for tlie unctious mendacity with which it can spread a calumny and , suppress an explanation . Tlie revelations of the Windsor court-martial during 1 the past week ought to satisfy the British public , if it would only for once be candid , where we are to look for the grossest instances of brutal tyranny . That love of bullying which , ; as lias been often remarked , is a disgrace to the English character has been checked , and well nigh extinguished in public schools where the wise system of Dr . Arnold has taken root . But it still subsists in quarters where gentlemanly feeling and honour are
bragged of with such offensive parade that ' one would suppose tbey existed nowhere else—I mean tho universities and the army . If these institutions are not exclusively aristocratic , at all events that is the type they affect , and they do contain a stronger infusion of it than any othor aggregate which is not by the force of its definition aristocratic . And what are the facts ? For the army , let tho Windsor courtmartial testify , and let the surprised public be assured that this is no * ' exceptional case . " In t 3 io university , events of striking similarity nro . familiar to every undergraduate I have known them oaeur at what are termed * ' the . best colleges ; " in fact , I believe they are most common there . I have ¦ no
hesitation in saying that gross physical force bullying ia prevalent . among tho " farft acts" of our universities to an extent unknown in the upper forms of a pubtfc school ; and , aa a master in a large public scho <> Vl am entitled to speak on tho subject . A priori considerations would lend us to expect such results . as the fruits of , a system of caste ; and history has-confirmed it from the tinmo when Aristotle dwelt upon th « vfipif of aristocracies , down to the occurrences of which I am now writing . That the Windsor affair presents itself in a very diflerent light "to military men and oiviliana is Apparent front the character of . the whole proceeding , Colonel Garnat institutes tho prosecution , nnd enubs tho priwoufir .
Of course he does . Is it to bo endured that a mean follow without a farthing should Intrude into tho reginriont ho " hna tho honour to command , " nnd protend forsooth to pay his way and abstain from piny , nnd then have tlio insolence to lift hia liund nguinst n man who in his hotter in . everything that makes tho gentloinam ? Tho president endeavours to tmpproes the proceedings . No wonder ; for thdir publication will rontlcr ib impossible even for n court of " ofllcursaud gouUtiinuu" to , puwiDh tho prisoner . But when milkury insolenco pretonde to interfere with tho freedom of tho proas , ovory RngliHlunau feels that hio cause is safe in tho lionds of the wlitor of thd Timeti , B . -A .
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® 86 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,
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[ W UHS DEPARTMENT , AS . AXL . OriSKONS , HOWEVER KXTJtliMB , AN AU . OWBD AN EXPRESSION , TUB EDITOR NISCPSSMtlliT HOLDS HIMaiH . f BKBPQSaiBJUE FOR JIONK . 1
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Leader (1850-1860), July 22, 1854, page 686, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2048/page/14/
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