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to what is popular . What kind of literature coisimKHds tl « e Biat&et ? Cheap trash , circulates by tons ; the reprints of good and Bi ^ 'mrks , even when cheap , have not been successful . Is not the failure 6 f Mechanics' institutions , with one or two exceptions , a fact of the age ? How little , too , after all read—particularly by the niiddlo olasa—is shown by the slight circulation , as compared with the populatiofi , of Hevfspapers and periodicals . This , no doubt , may in some part be attributed td ' fck © " 4 « xe » on 'knowledge ;" and is it not , indeed , a farce to see a President of the Council , who , in twenty years of offi . ee , has done nothing for the rejaeal of . these imposts , going about the country recommending " educatiooj "
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If the people of London knew an important ev 9 trfc > i < W&Sft 4 t % as under their eyes , there ought to be a considerable public sensation . 4 © connexion with such a fact as the opening of the Working Men ' s C' oStejpe , i& 3 R » d Lion-6 quare - On Monday next Professor Maurice , as principal 1 ^ tfafc Cblleg ^ j is to deliver the introductory lecture . A ctually , then , a -wolfkhtg tttan ' g college has been instituted , with all the forms of a college . It has & staff of twelve teachers , in addition to the principal . There is to he a etess - © f-CreoHietry 5 one of Public Health ; one of English Grammar ; one of Liibw > particularly the Law of Partnership ; Cite of Politics ; one of Natural PhildS ©| &y and Astronomy ; one of Mechanics ; one of Drawing ; one of Arithmetic tint ! SMgebra ; one of
Geography ; one of English History ; and one of VoCal Stmic . The teacher of drawing in the college is to he no less distiugujshed a-. person than Mr . JOHX Buskin ; and the other teachers are all Oxfctd afctl "Cambridge men of academic note . The classes are to meet in th < 3 SVeniog , and small feds are to be eBarged . AU working men vrtio have « tfcaift # d bf dittary elementary proficiency are to he admitted to xrhichever of thfe classes they ntay choose . Should a sufficient number of students join , there is fco limit to what this movement may lead . It is a bold step in the right direction ; and we are glad to see that the intention is to keep up , event pttttctiiioaaly , in the new institution , all academic forms , so as to make the fiame ' Working Men ' s College strictly accurate .
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TuOUI > CABLISLE IN THE MBT . Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters . By the Eight KoB .-the ISaerl of Carlisle . Longmans . The great moral defect of travel-writers , in general , Is want of goodhumour . Far too many of our literary travellers seem to think that it is necessary to the assertion of their dignity , or the vindication of their wit , to let themselves as rarely as possible appear before the reader in the capacity of men who can be easily pleased . The flippantly-severe style , the querulously-severe style , the sentimentally-severe style ,, and the -eloquentlysevere style , are the styles most in vogue amoog modem 4 ravel-writers of the third , the second , and often even of the first-rate class . Let any of our readers (" gentle" readers , of course ) , who may doubt tliis , ask themselves , in . reference to the majority of books of travel w-liich they have read for the last ten years , how they would like to accompany the authors , judging those gentlemen by their books , in the capacity of feraVolling-Companion ?—and they will subscribe forthwith , as we venture to think , to the general truth of the assertion jugt made . The good-humoured traveller is the rarest of men —in boolcs . " Smellfungus" is abroad still , as well as -Lord Brougham ' s famous " schoolmaster . "
It is the main merit of Lord Carlisle's new work that it exhibits him to the reader in the light of an amiable , warm-hearted man , who goes abroad with an "honest predisposition to see , as exclusively as possible , the best side of things , and a frank resolution to write down the impressions thus produced exactly as he felt them at the time . If We were in any humour to be severe , we might find all sorts of faults with -the Eftary in Turkish and Greek Waters . We might show that it wanted the originality and depth of observation , the various flow of narrative , the -skilful selection of subjects , and the vigour of style , which are requh'ed to make a good book of travels , no mattor in what form it may be written . But we prefer , in reviewing Lord Carlisle ' s work , to take a lesson from Lord Carlisle himself *—to look with forbearance and kindness at his book only in the most favourable aspect that it presents , as a frank , genial Diary of a visit to those parts of the world on which the public attention is now hxed with the greatest interest . If we do
this , and it we present such extracts Jrom th « o Dukry fts may be of some service in helping its circulation among our r « iwlei >« by making them acquainted with its better passages , we shall have tlisoharged ourselves— - neither ungraciousl y or ungenerously towards the m * thc * ,. it is to bo hoped —of the duty required from us by Lord Carlisle ' s bdafo Our traveller journeyed to the East by Cologne , Dfcsden , rtnd Vienna , --paid a Hying visit to v arna on his way to CohstRntinOple- ^ s aw the allied fleet in JBosika Bay—looked in at Smyrna— -levelled in till the "Wonders that Grecce could show him during the brief period of hie Sojourn there—saw Mount Carmcjl and the peaks of Lebanon—landed at Alexandria—and returned to the North by way of Malta and Venice . Such is tho outline of Lord Curlislo ' s very interesting tour . Of tho manner in which his Diary relates it , wo will now oiler some specimens , tnlcon from tho passages in the book which uro most likely to interest tho general I'cucler 1-
—TUB DANimiAN R . AOfi 8 i Wo murto another halt at So / . oruny , tho Roman Sevflrinum , where thu p / isHportfi nra mibmittod to a Wnllueljinn officer , —a usoIchh operation , our captain UtlnlcH , un tho ofliour uudorNLnndH no language but Wnllaohlnii . Horn t foil In with a countryman wlio has buon Bovmitoon ycara iu tho Company ' s florvloo an < inginoor or af ^ oiit . ltcMdoH nppnraully having thu onargy ami tttralghtfimhvftrdnQah which , I trust , wo may coiiMldomol uncommon attrihutofl of hirt countrymen , hoHflomcd tnhnva a groat , npliturio for «(! C | . u ! rin ( j ; lan ^ unROH , which I < 1 o not think so cnrftmfJn n . ono , and ppolco lluontty , and ho unid woll , hi Fronob , Gorman , Italian , and TTaHA ^ hiAti . Ho Bay * ho has not found tho natives dishonest , but . mo » t incurably lazy ; •** * " qnito iropoH » lblo to miiko tliom work , except under tho prafimiro of SmmraMiito < hti * iffor , and that in by 110 mojiurt a constant incentive in n country of iirnmniwo lMtuml fwtilily . Muny wore
btandftig' fcnd lying about to their loose tttnics , red sashes , high wtoflen eapg , 'anft most tmwa 6 hed sh « epskuis ( a comtnCfl Vdsture , ifc feeetiied to ine , Of fell the DafirtMAn taces)—models of pictttfesque filthiness . I do hot kttow wUat is Wiodfe to be wished for these populations . I am inclined to believe that they- have Btareelj- advanced a single Btep since tbe conquests of Trajan ; and one gets to feel that almost any teVW * latidn which could rouse their itorpot and stimulate thelf energies—^ hloh tsottld h 6 ld out a-motivie to exertion and secure a return to mdaetry—with whatever ingredients of confusion and strife it might be accompanied , tnnst blAag superior ftdvaatages $ b the end . As far as I caa make out , there sefenls to l > e gtfneml distaste for the Russians . The kopes of human progress do not lie in that quarter . Whttii I remark on the neglected dud abused opportunities "which Bttwounil » e eto-WBty side , I d 6 trot disguise from myself what may be retorted Upon Bft BnglishmftH "With feSpetit to Ireland ; but even if there should be no people Whom the Irish fnfty not match in i their ocoasional noisery , the ^ re afe , at all events , among them copiotts indications Of 'energy and charatter'in ivhateve )* diwetion they may be developed , while in tshese regions , blessed with a genial climate artd geflerona BOil , man , as yet > haB only seemed 'to vegetate .
OALATK ANt > rPtt * yitlNCWAtlMftS . June 21 si . * -0 ii gettixig up , 1 vob rather eonceWied to leafn tbilt the steambttat Which * was to take Us up here for Constantinople had not yet a * rive 4 ; St is , however , expected in the course of the day . The English consul , Mr . OuMttingham , came on board to see us ; he has lived here for eighteen years , which , 1 fehink , must be ft so * ry destiny . They expect to he&r shortly of the Btisflian eiitMfliee : he saiys the poor Principalities have always to bear the expenses , though RUBsia professes to pay them . Another agreeable concomitant of the occupation is , that the Russian armies never fail to introduce the plague , or at least some badfevfer -whishi passes under that name . The quarantine seems to be the real plague of these district * : every one who 6 from the
Grosses ver opposite bank is subject to it ; and it even prevents their getting any sttpply of ftsh , as the boatmen ate not allowed to pass to and fro . We asked what was the objject of the line of pickets which had continued at regular intervalsall down the Btinube , and . were now , for the most part , stationed ifi the midst of the water : we Were told that their main object in the Principalities Tlras to prevent the peasants from rcjnning away from their masters : as thear place of refuge would he either Turkey oiKusaia , it did not give me an elevated idea of their pfesent condition . The system of serfage is very complete ; and as they are obliged to secure the harvest of the Lord or Boyard before their own , in unfisvouraWe seasons they sustain the worst extremities of hunger .
A . DISKEB At G 0 Nra * ANTfc > 6 * LE . 1 had brougkt letters to Dr . Sandwith , who is a physician hete , For the present a correspondent to the Times , above all , a Yorkshireman . He very sensibly told me , that if even I did dine at any great repast given by some Turkish Pasha or minister , I should probably only find a reproduction of European custonis , knives fimd forks , &c . ; so he undertook to show me a genuine Turkish house and dinner . "We went to-day ^ our host was th . « chief physician of the Sultan . We airived at Ms houise at Scutari about half an hour before sunset ; and as -sve could not dine during the Ramazan till after it , neither food nor pipes being allowed between the rising und setting sun , we sat in the garden with 6 ur host , who , not in good keeping with his art , plied us with unripe fruits . A . young Circassian girl , of dbout twelve , and so not of an age to prevent her appearing before Franks , was sent from the Setfaglio , that the state of her health might be examined . At last the cannon fired :- * - " Hark ! peal'd the thunder of the evening gun ; It told 'twas sunset , and ice bless * 'd that Bun . "—^ Mr .
There was quite a nisli to the meal . The party amounted to nine : there was a Priest or Imaim in a violet robe ; but tho person whoivas the best dressed , and seemed to be made most of , was a perfectly black gentleman from the Seraglio . Our host talked some French ; tho rest nothing but Turkish , in which Dr . Sandwith is very fluent . All aat down on low cushions upon their legs : this I could not quite effect , but managed to stow mine under the small low round table . Upon this was placed a brass or copper salver , and upon this again the dishes of food in very quick and most copious succession : wo all helped ouraelves with our right hands , except that just for the soup we had wooden spoons ; this is not quite so offensive as its sounds , since they hardly take more than one or two mouthfuls in each dish from the part immediately opposite them , so the hands do not mingle in the platter : it seems to me , however ,, that the first advance in Turkish civilisation to which we may look forward will be the use of spoons , and then , through succeeding epochs , to knives and forks . —
The diapason ending full in plates . I must say that I thought tho fare itself very good , consisting in large proportion of vegetables , pmstry , and condiments , but exhibiting a degree of resource and variety not unworthy of atudy by tho nnadvonturous cookery of Britain . We drunk sherbets and water . Some of the company had become bo ravenous for their pipes after the long abstinence of tho day , that they could not pit out tho meal . We transferred ourselves to another room , where wo all tucked up our legs on the divan , which , however , soon gave ma the cramp ; but I was kindly oncoufiiged to stretch out my foot . This portion of the evening was very long , n » coffee and pipes were incessantly brought int occasional relief was effected by tho black gentleman condescending to » ing , with rather a cracked voice to a tamborinc . 1 wa » given to understand that lie was ono of tho Sultan ' s favourite musicians . Our host talkod with regard , of tho Sultan , and
seemed mucU pleased with his having assured him thnt ho might treat him quite fearlessly , and not be nfrai < l of tho renponflibility . Dr . Sandyvitli appeared to think this was not wholly a superiluous recommendation ^ as lately our ffleml had called , him Into a consultation upon the rather grave cane of uomo l ^ auha , and upon Dr . S . advising aoma calomel or other omcicnt treatment , hia Turkish colleague expostulated , " Ob t but this is a very groat man . " All wc , ro oxtromoly courteous to mo , and witched , to improHS upon mo the Rrcat military ardour that now oxintfi against tho Itunsiuns , not at all relishing tho opinion I oxprensed that then ) would bo no actual war at present ; , upon which our hoRt pertinently inquired , " Will , tho KuHHinriH , then , pay our expenses ? " Upon our return homo , it wan a vary plonnant trnnnition from tho divan and pipes to- tUo on \" quo on thu perfectly smooth lionphorus , ttndcr tho still « ky , with all tho minnrots of the wido city around illuminated for tho R-amazan , and a military band playing undor o »\ o of tho Sultan ' s kionka or pavllionB .
THK SULTAN AND HIR COUJtT . July 7 th . —At aimut half-pnat two a . m . thoro wire thundorimfr salutes to announce the fowtival of the Dai ram , which lnsta for three days upon the expiration of tho month of fiiHtfng . At half-pant threw a largo jmrty h « j ( , off from Ihu lioUsl | wo wore rowud by tho boats of tlioNujfir over the Goldon Horn blwdihitf under tho op < ininff ( lawn , mid with thu ( HirlioNt . rtiy of tho sun wo wero in th « Inrgc court of lli « Seraglio to hoo tho proncsHionof tho . Siiltan to Ilio inonqw of Sultnu Aohmod . Wo wore plaood In a Ijouho coinmnndingtho fjatowny from vory convonloiit wukIowh . Tho night wah very pretty ; t ) i « ro woro a number of led homes with rich capnrl » on » 5 then a long hucoeHHion of oflicci-H of Htalo , I ' mlian , and Iho MlnlHtorP , nil mountod 5 then tho paROHon foot iininodlntoly prooodin ^ \ h « Sultan , w « -arfiiB gorR < 'ouH fotitlicrn of white ostrich , ¦ witli a 8 | , HF |^ tcom cono , which 1 wn told i » ro ntlicn of the Dys-. iuitino imperial wardrobe ; thon tho Sultan hiniHolf on hormihaok , in lil » i ) himo , for-, and dtamond a ^ wflTo , ftn < l long blwo cloak , just « w ho Is painted in air David WUIUo ' h picture in the corridor
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October 28 , 1854 , ] fHE LEAD 11 L to 2 &
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 28, 1854, page 1023, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2062/page/15/
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