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SfSl ^^ K ^ s ^ SS- had no weight at «» » ««?"' * " "" SHES ? aiteonon of plans already successful on » small scale .
Gag Ughting had been opposed by similar computations of the prodigious expenditure m pipeage which its extension would involve . But when Murdoch had shown that a single factory could be lighted with gas economically , it was clear that a street—that ten streets , —that a town , —that all the towns of Europe , —might be piped with advantage , though the operation might absorb millions upon millions . So the success of a single farm—and there were already several scores—laid out with irrigating nines , warranted anticipation of a time when the
whole soil of this country would be similarly organised , and when the difficulty would be , not to dispose of town refuse , but to satisfy the claimants for a supply . Already all Flanders was honey-combed with tanks for the reception of town soil , which the peasants carried out in barrels , and spread by means . of ladles on the land . That vast sandy waste , called the Campine , a sort of Sahara in Belgium , was being rapidly fertilised by irrigation with similar refuse ; and M . BeUefroid , of the Belgian Ministry of knew of
Agriculture , had fold him that he companies which were making 16 per cent , by these operations . There were vast tracts of barren sand south-west of London ; wastes purchasable at 10 / . or 12 / . an acre , and which might be made to produce as much as that annually , \ by a liberal application of town sewage . The Thames below Xondon was skirted by a marshy tract , varying from 2 or 3 to 5 or 6 miles wide he believed , and which , if drained , and irrigated with the London sewage , would produce fourfold crops , and yield a fourfold rental . difficulties and
He knew there were many legal administrative , as well as financial and physical , opposed to the immediate realisation of such a plan . Such was the indolent apathy of farmers , such their ignorant affection . ' for ' routine , that ten or twenty years might yet elapse before they would awaken to the value of town refuse , and organise their farms for its utilisation . But that time would come at last , and _ in planning their works they should keep &steadily in view . There would be a transitional period very difficult , to pass through—all transitions were difficult . In the conduct of this transition he had no doubt one or other of the precipitating processes would prove useful ; just as the old street
lamps were useful while gas was gradually making its way . But as they should not be satisfied in the town with anything short of " sewers without sediment" and " the compete dispollution of the Thames , " so in the country their final aim should be *? the complete utilisation of the refuse , " without the waste of a single fertilising particle . _ HeJooked on the sewer ? under London as valuable guano mines ; the ' public were the shareholders of those mines ; the rates had been so many calls ; they ( the Commissioners ) were the board of directors ; and their duty was to work up the property to a dividend paying condition . To that end they must prepare and promote .
by all means in their power ,, the tubular organisation of the soil ; availing themselves meanwhile of the best precipitating process as a transitional expedient . Mr . Ward then proceeded to recapitulate his arguments and to state his general conclusions ; after which he brought forward the two recent inventions referred to in his notice of motion , as " calculated greatly to facilitate the execution of sanitary works . " These inventions appeared to us exceedingly novel and curious ; but the high degree of importance which Mr . Ward attached to them both ( and to one of them in particular ) induces us to reserve for a separate report his exposition of these interesting discoveries .
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CONTINENTAL NOTES . France . —Louis Napoleon entertained at dinner the officers of the detachments of the Imperial Guard proceeding to the Crimea , and assured them , on parting , that " his thoughts would follow them . " This is not quite so bold as the " at * revoir" from the Camp of Boulogne ., After dinner , he presented to each of the officers a pelisse , lined with far . Before marching to the Lyons railway , the detachments assembled under the windows of the Tuilories , and the Emperor waved his dieux . It Is stfJl reported , but not believed , that he mean * to go himself to the seat of war . ¦ ^ P * inoe Jerome has sent « a aide-de-camp and a phy-Sloan to meet his son at Marseilles . Prince Napoleon is « wUo < be coming home , not only sick , but angry and alsgiUtaJ . . tHe > b expected iu Paris on Monday . ij £ T ^™* "n * of Thursday announces that the sum r ^ , »^ BU ^ 80 riP tl < m » * ° National Loan amounts to 8 , 176 , OOO , O 0 « f . i . 177 , 00 * persons took part in the
The report of the liberation of MM . de Lagondie and de Dampierre , French prisoners of war in Russia , is not confirmed . „ . . . . The returns of the indirect revenue , published in the Moniteur , show an excess of receipts of 456 , 000 f . as compared with 1853 , and of 42 , 926 , 000 f . jis compared with 1842 . The total produce is 847 , 260 , 000 f . The three last months of the year have been the most prosperous . During the first nine months there was a decrease , as compared with 1853 , of 7 , 291 , 000 f . ; but in the last quarter the increase was 7 , 747 , 000 f . Germany . — We learn from Vienna that the English and French Ambassadors have received powers to treat for peace with Russia . Baron Baumgartner , theAustrian Minister of Finance , has resigned , and M . de Bruck has been summoned from his embassy at Constantinople . „ „
loan . Algeria , Corsica , and the offers to subscribe of some of ^ dSartments during the last few days , are not comprised in this amount . . The departments furnished 126 000 ' "ft" *" } *• subscriptions of whom give a capital of 777 , 000 , 000 f . At Paris there were 51 , 000 subscribers , with a capital of l , 398 , 000 , 000 f . The foreign 8 . ^ P ^" a ^ 0 ° ™" prised . England provided a capital of 150 , 000 , 000 f ., JndGermany , Belgium , Switzerland , &c , a similar ^ h ? Emperor has conferred the military medal upon General Canrobert . This is considered a ' compliment to the rank and file of the army . The General is stated to have served twenty-eight years , and to have received three wounds , two in the Crimea . . . . The death of M / Jacques Arago ( the blmd traveller , and brother of the astronomer ) is mentioned in the laat accounts from the Brazils .
to take the portfolio . The Russian party at Berlin is said to be at t&e height of its glee . The assent of Russia to treat on the basis of the interpretations is regarded as the triumph of Prussian diplomacy , the salvation of Germany from the apprehension of being involved in war , the forerunner of a standstill in Austria , and of the Western Powers being compelled to negotiate and conclude a peace which will leave them where they were before the war . Baron de ; Brtjck , the Austrian Mduster . —Baron de Bruck , the Austrian Minister , has given a banquet to the Ottoman Ministry . He proposed a toast to the health of the Sultan and to the valiant army which had excited the admiration of Europe by its conduct on the Danube . He added that Austria was willing now to fight with the Western Powers for the defence of Turkey and-in the cause of justice , and that , let the solution be as it may , Russia wilt-be no longer menacing—she will have fallen . The Grand Vizier replied with visible ¦¦ ¦ ¦
A . * — ' . ' . . emotion . . The Berlin Government has laid before the Chambers a measure relative to divorce , surrounding such a separation with difficulties so serious as almost to render it impossible . One clause enacts that as often as the guilt of the female shall be established in a suit for divorce , she shall be punished with an imprisonment varying from fifteen days to two months . Letters from ^ Warsaw report that all French and English subjects in the service of Russia are being discharged and' forcibly conveyed to the Austrian-and Prussian frontiers . The persons so removed were principally employed in various manufactures , and their places are supplied by Belgians and Germans .
M . Drouyn de l'Huys , it seems , has ( December 27 ) replied " incisively" to the Prussian despatch of the 19 th of the same month . He exposes the inconsistent and untenable pretensions of Prussia , and refuses point-blank a separate treaty with that power . Prussia persists , we hear , in reserving her right to participate in the eventual revision of the European treaties . No enlistments for the British foreign legion are permitted in Hamburg . Spain . —In the sitting of the 13 th inst . M . Olozaga submitted the bases of the new constitution to the Chamber . The principal points ore : — . ' ? All public powers emanate from the nation , in which the
sovereignty essentially resides . The nation engages itself to maintain the Roman Catholic Apostolic religion and its ministers , but no Spaniard nor stranger can be annoyed on account of his religious opinions , provided he does not offend the religion of the state by external acts . Liberty of the press . Abolition of the law of confiscation and of the penalty of death for political offences . Establishment of a National Guard . Two Legislative bodies—a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies . The senators , to be elected for life , are to be chosen from certain categories . They must' have attained their
twenty-fifth year , and be in the possession of an income of 80 , 000 reals . One hundred and twenty are to bo appointed at first . ' The King may not appoint more than twelve at the commencement of evwry session . There Is to be one deputy for every 50 , 000 inhabitants . The Cortes are to rheet annually on the 1 st of October . Each session is' to last four months . No session can Jbo prolonged beyond thirty days . ' In case of dissolution , ' the Cortes are to reassemble within sixty days . In the interval between two sessions a permanent Commission of the Cortes , consisting of four senators and seven deputies , is to be established . The King sanctions and
promulgates . g the marriage of the King , and appoint the Regency in case the throne should become vacant . The Budget of the State shall be submitted to the Cortes in the first eight days after their meeting . The Cortes will fix the effective strength of the army , navy , *«• .,. ' . There are symptoms of unsettlement and disturbance , we regret to find , in Spain . The Government seems , with all its honesty and good impulses , to lack vigour and cohesion . The Ministers seem to rely ratheivon frightening the Cortes into support than ^> n decided measures that would command it . The other day the Minister of Foreign Affairs hinted in a most alarming and mysterious manner at danger threatening the Gpy vernment ; and the Minister of Finances assures the deputies that if they have not soon discussed the Budget , reduced the expenditure , and given the Cabinet means to carry on the Government , he must resign , and the country must accept reaction and a dictatorship .
Italt . The treaty between Sardinia and the Western Powers was signed on the 10 th inst . This alliance has produced a Ministerial crisis at Turin . General » abormida , Minister of Foreign Affairs , has resigned , considering the treaty as favourable to Austria , and contrary to the spirit of the Sardinian memorandum of 1853 against the Austrian sequestrations in Lombardy . M . Ratazzi , Minister of Justice , has also resigned , but remains in office until the passing of the Convent Suppression Bill . M . Ratazzi was one of the promoters of the campaign of 1849 . Another Minister , M . PaLeo * kopa , who is a Venetian , has also resigned . The Convent Suppression Bill is proceeding with great
animation . v ~ ' ' ... The late earthquake at Marseilles and Nice waa felt At Brignolles , Grasse , Cannes , Cagnes , Bar , and Saint Paul . At Cannes it was accompanied by a great noise and violent commotion in the sea . At Bar it threw down the Gothic tower of a chateau , and damaged several houses ; and at Cagnes it did great injury to a ceiling covered with frescos in the chateau of GrimaldL The damage done in the other places was inconsiderable . The French have begun their evacuation of Rome . Two squadrons of Dragoons left there on the 3 rd . Those troops n that remain will garrison the Castle of St . Angelo . _ ' ¦ , ......
. The Giornale diRoma , of the 9 th , announces the presentation to the Pope of the magnificent tiara offered by Queen Isabella . The tiara which for nearly the last half century has been used on grand occasions by the popes was a present from Napoleon I . In Tuscany the Dominicans have protested against the edict of the Vatican , and their chief , it is said , has shared the fate of the Madia ! , being committed to gaol on the warrant of the Archbishop . Austria has forbidden the publication of the bull respecting the Immaculate Conception in Lombardy , and has even prohibited the priests from preaching upon it .
Scandinavia . —The reputed adhesion of Sweden to the Western Alliance , is not confirmed . A letter from Copenhagen , in the Hamburg Correspondent , says : — " It is generally believed at Helsingborg , that in the spring an army of 5 O , 0 Q 0 Swedes and 15 , 000 Norwegians will be placed under arms . The men belonging to the late levy are to join their regiments one month sooner than usual . " ' * " " ¦ ¦ , . . ¦ Six members of the Danish House of Commons have formally proposed to impeach the late Ministry , as responsible for the promulgation of the general Constitution of the 26 th of July . It appears probable that this motion will be adopted "by a majority of £ he House , but the present Prime Minister discountenances it as dangerous . ¦ : " ' ...
M . Von der Pfordten , the Bavarian Prime Minister , designated the present crisis graphically , when supporting the other day a demand for war credits : —" There may be prospects of peace , " said he , " but the prospects of a more extended War are equally ' great . " Switzeki ^ and . —A conference ts almost immediately to be held at Milan , between the Governor-General of Lombardy and delegates from the Swiss Confederation , for the purpose of settling the differences that have existed for the last two years between Austria and the canton of Ticino .
A Mr . Phillips , an American citizen , has been arrested at Basle for his resemblance to Maz ' zinL who is quietly residing in London . He lias demanded an indemnity of 25 , 000 f ., or 5000 f . a day for his captivity . It appears that a fresh note has reached the Federal Council on the subject . The Federal Council has offered the ex-prisoner 25 f . a day instead of 5000 f , Naples .- —The origin of the quarrel between the King of Naples and the Jesuits Is now said to have been an oration delivered by the Jesuit father , Tarquini , at the Ecclesiastical Academy in Rome , inveighing ; against the
right assumed by secular governments of refusing the publication of papal bulls in their respective dominions without a previous examination anA placet , or exequatur . The pious father maintained that the oracles of Rome ought to be above such profane scrutiny , and the Pope so far shared , his opinion as to have his speech ' printed at his private press , in order to distribute copies amongst the offending sovereigns , and the King of Naples got a hundred as his share . Hinc Was lacrymco ! The Jesuits are a' good deal puzzled by the declaration in favour of absolutism , as the only good government , exacted from
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L lawsThe Cortes ive their sanction to THE LEADER . SATTOa > AY > f&f | _ _ " ^ ' ^ " : > ^^ ||| m ^—^ —i———^ m ^ m ^ m * % J % 9 '' ' ' ———^^ ^^ M ^ M ^ M ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ' ~ mL . tf" * A _ i-A- -iwA + YlAll * ¦¦»/* + !/ % » ? # *
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 20, 1855, page 56, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2074/page/8/
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