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A POLITICAL AID LITEEART REVIEW. :
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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A Political Aid Liteeart Review. :
^^^ H ^^^ V" W ^^ ^ " -V ? A POLITICAL AM > LITERARY REVIEW .
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VCXL . VI . No . 289 . ] SATURDAY , OCTOBEB , 6 , 1855 . Price { SSS ^^ BSSBSS "
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NEWS OF THE WEEK— page The War 950 The Revenue 9 . 53 Board of Trade Returns for August 953 Public Meetings 953 Dr . Cullen and the Irish Catholic " Reform" 953 The Municipal Elections 95 i Sabbatarian Restrictions 951 Continental Notes 954
The Italian Nightmares 955 The Aristocracy 961 Our Civilisation 955 The " . Limited Liability ' Step to Naval and Military News 957 Sound Credit 962 Obituary S 57 Miscellaneous 957 OPEN COUNCILPostscript 958 The Phonetic System 932 PUBLIC AFFAIRS- ,, « . T . m-An European Coup d'Etat 959 LITERATURESurvey of the War 960 Summary 963 Germany — Dynastic and Na- India , China , and Japan 964 tional 960 ^ Lewis ' s Rivers 955
Four American Books 960 Modern Painting at Naples 907 THE ARTSThe Dead Season at the Theatres 963 Births , Marriages , and Deaths ... 969 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSCity Intelligence , Markets , Advertisements , &c 970-97 a
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" The one Idea which . History exh . ibi . fc 3 as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and . Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—Humboldt's Cosmos .
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IN morQ than one quarter combinations are forming winch "will oblige Ministers , if they ¦ continue the war , to explain the grounds on which they continue it , and to place the public in a position for judging of those grounds , and for znodifying them if necessary . We have for a considerable part of the week been tantalised by reports that the Russians had been defeated in the open field , the Allies having landed an army at Eupatoria and advancing against the enemy on both flanks . The report turns out to be either a misconception or a fabrication , and the motives for the fabrication , without any reflection upon our London journals , can be well understood . It is more than probable that Prince Gortschakoff had reported movements by the Allies on his flank in the nature of reconnoissanccs , and this would suffice as materials to be blown up into the larger reports which "we have mentioned . They appear to have been finally shaped at Hamburg , and since their exaggerated character has been understood , we have learned that Russia has been negotiating a new loan with a house at Amsterdam . It h a well-known trick with innncouvrers , when true reports are unfavourable , to set afloat reports like that , which will be easily and truthfully refuted ; the refutation thus affecting the credibility as well of the true as of the false reports ; and , if doubts respecting the adverse position of the Russians could be infused into the Dutch mind for twenty-four hours , the device might have some advantageous effect upon the terms of the loan . In the meanwhile no real change has taken place in the position of the belligerents . The latest reports from the Crimea give us the Russians still "in possession of the North Fort ; the only alteration being that Prince Goktschaicoff , still claiming a virtual success in being released from his murderous confinement in the south of Sebastopol , boasts that the Russians arc restored to their " congenial warfare in the open Hold , " and likening the abandonment of Sevastopol in 1855 to the abandonment of Moscow in 1812 , ho rouses the Rus . 'jiiuis with a hope of the destruction which ; may bi'fal the soldiers of Nai'oijcon this Tumw , . as foreshadowed in the fate of tho Ruwsinn army of ] Nai'ot . kon Tina Fikst . l Reports still conic , that tho Russians have been ; defeated in a French cavalry nttiiir , on the i 2 i ) tli ; 1
and that Riga has been bombarded . But wi have yet to hear what followed the cannonading of ' ^ some hours" laconically mentioned - by th < -telegraph . . : Nor has the position of the Allies at home ma ^ terially changed . As time advances we begii better to understand the projects entertained bj Napoleon the Thibd , of which the war 13 a . part and the risks which he incurs in the desperate navigation of the course that he has laid down for himself . Unless our inferences from the facts before us lend an imaginative aspect to his proceedings , it must be confessed that there is something of sublimity in the magnitude and audacity of his schemes . We have examined them at length in a separate paper ; suffice it here to say , that the principle upon which he and his immediate coadjutors have acted , commenced in commerce , is carried out in their foreign policy . They have endeavoured to concentrate in a vast ramification of joint-stock companies the whole commercial and industrial activity of France , so that it mig ht be wielded by the hand of the Emimuiok ; and this scums to have suggested plans by which he hopes to identify the material interests of his allies with the Imperial interests of France , and to render himself personally necessary to the immediate welfare of states as well as trading classes . He has already become so , to the British Ministry in its relations abroad ; he has become so to the growing dominion of Sardinia ; a word from the Empevor Nai * ojleon can make or unmake a King of Naples ; Spain would displace or consolidate its dynasty at his nod ; although his own throne still totters upon unestnblished foundations , and his rule is only undefied because political parties in France are in a state of suspended purpose . But the sharp risk that he runs is indicated by Lho latest events of the week . It is now estimated that the gold purchased by the Bank of France at in exorbitant rato amounts to not less than 4 , 000 , 000 / . ; for the Bank desires it lo be popuarly understood that it has substantial treasure 11 its coilers to meet demands that may bo mado ipon it , even should it bo authorised , under the pressure of a commercial crisis , to suspend tho mymenfc of its notes . Tho SoeicHe do Credit VlobiliiT , which ^ oneentraLes dealings in moveablo > roperty throughout France , has consented , at ho dictate of tho EiuiMcitou , not to issue tho obligation of 2 10 , 000 / . which it had announced . Indeed , is wo understand the intelligence , tho Society will
e not issue even the half of that amount . And . the mu-» nicipality of Paris has found it necessary to fix the a price . of butcher ' s meat . The monopoly of butchers had sought'to make a market out of the present - high price ; and Government is not yet prepared j to extend free trade to that necessary commodity ; r so the people of Paris have to pay exorbitantly , for meat , which remains bad under the operation ! of " protecting" laws , and the Government applies 1 a cumbrous machinery to undo the ultimate effect of that semi-barbarous legislation ! There is no kind of dam that can separate the reservoirs of the Money Market from each other , and in London we feel the effect of the anomalous state of commerce and of finance in France . We do not lay stress upon the " tight" chai'acter which the Revenue Tables show . They present , boast the Ministerialists , both an increase on the year of 8 , 344 , 781 / ., and on the quarter of 1 , 924 , 1241 . —scarcely so much as might have been expected from the direct increase of taxation ; yet , since we know the effect of i augmented taxation to check tho expenditure of the people , and so to defeat the Chancellor of the Exchequer , it cannot be said that these results arc in truth unfavourable . It simply remains the fact , that with augmented expenditure our outlay has become somewhat light , Nevertheless , the influence is felt in tho City , and still more is felt the abstraction of gold at a losing rate . Add to tlxeso general circumstances tho stoppage of one of the most respectable houses in London , that of Dk Lisjmu , Janvjrin , and Co . The house is extensively connected with banks in Jersey , and with firms in Canada . One of tho latter has been for many years in an unsettled condition ; it compromised its affairs some t ' uno back , and it has recently failed to ful 01 its compromise , tho house of Dk Lisj . u and Co . having advanced largely . There is nothing in tho failure that reflects discredit upon tho London partners , or that ought to occasion any uneasiness ; since thero appeal's to bo no recklessness nor unfairness ; yet tho respectability of tho hou . w seems to have mado the City people ( lu ' i ) k t / uifc ' <¦ ought to bo superior to those coiiliw&oncioa > vJuVJi have shaken some other / inn * , not uiiJy into ( ho Court of Bankruptcy , but into 11 1 ' olicc Court . While tho third of the Allies , Turkey , ia ekiuy out her means of drawing / rum our iiuirkofc t hu ^ u instalments of llio loan ( hut have boun « timjl « fJ *< N "" tho fourth , Sardinia , is also Buffering £ O t > JW * 1 increased tightness in the money nmj ^ t ^( < ty & / £
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 6, 1855, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2109/page/1/
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