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    December 8 , 1855 . 1 T H E L , E A D E R . 1173

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    pears to be still in a very disturbed state , and another revolution is anticipated . Alvarez , who is the son oi n . Spaniard and a negro woman , and about twenty - four years o £ age , appears to be unfit for his position ; but it is said that pei'fect liberty is enjoyed by all classes , and the tariff has been lowered . A baud of adventurers from Texas made an inroad on the -country , but were defeated . It is reported that another body has made its appearance on the Mexican side of the Rio Grande . The West Indies . —Fever is prevalent in Kingston , Jamaica , and there have also been several deaths from cholera . The weather , at the last advice 3 , was very sultry , and rain was desired . Trade was dull . San Domingo is in a state of alarm , owing to a fear of invasion from Hayti ; and these apprehensions are increased by the fact of the French and English protectorate having expired , and the unwillingness of France and England to renew it . At Trinidad there has been a lai-ge and enthusiastic meeting in favour of the arrangements proposed by the Board of Health for improving the sanitary condition of the colony . From British Guiana there is no news of importance . Fine rains have fallen in Grenada ; the canes are showing signs of an approach to maturity , and hopes are entertained of an excellent crop ; but the financial state of the island , as well as that of Barbadoes , ia embarrassed . A Fine Library in Decay . —A letter in the Times calls attention to the condition of the fine old library founded about 1695 by Archbishop Tenison . The writer says : — " I stepped into this library yesterday by accident , and , on inquiry of the curator , the Rev . Philip Hale , what formalities were necessary to be admitted there , he informed me that all who resided within- the precincts of the liberty of Westminster had a right , and all strangers like myself were welcome to come at any time . But when I exercised this right , what a spectacle presented itself ! I stood in a room , well-proportioned , built by Sir Christopher Wren , surrounded by books of the fathers of the English church , 5 , 000 in number , rotting and mouldering like their authors in their grave 3 . I -was told that for the last two yeara the heat of summer and the damp of winter had done their worst upon these ancient and valuable relics of a past age—works which in some hands would be considered priceless . There lie Bacon ' s Note-book , and various other MSS . of his , buried amid a heap of dust . Can nothing be done to rescue these noble works from their present sepulchre ? The trustees cannot even afford money to pay for firing and light , so I left my dusty friends to their fate for a while with a sad heart . On leaving the house I stepped accidentally into the school-room , which forms the basement floor . That , too , was untenauted , and I was informed that , although there were a few scholars still on the foundation , the trustees had refused to elect more , and the school would be closed at the end of the year . What are the Charity Commissioners about in St . James ' saquare ?" The Late Evictions in Gai-way . —Mrs . Blnke , the owner of the Dartfield estates , on which the recent evictions have taken place , has written to a Gal way paper , to say that , though the tenants had paid their rent , she was desirous of getting rid of them , on account of their ruffianly and murderous character , her agent and herself having been threatened with assassination . Suicide from Nervousness . —Mr . Leopold James Lardner , assistant librarian to the British Museum , committed sucide in the course of last week , byleaping from his bedroom window . Ma had been made verj' nervous by his horse having knocked down a man ; and his excitability , which was always great , increased to such an extent that ho refused at the Museum to pasa by himsolf down a dark pasaago , because he was afraid the arohea would fall on him . It was at length found necoBsary to send him home , to place him under medical attendance , and to keep a watch ou him After a time , however , ho peremptorily ordered the servant girl who was with him to quit the room , and in her absence took tlie fatal leap-—Mr . It . TaMoraaH , civil ongigeer , has been found drowned in the Grosvenor Canal . About two o ' clock in the morning ho was seen by a lighterman sitting astride a boom which wan afloat in the canal ; but ho made no reply to observations which were addressed to him . The post mortem examination showed an unnatural quantity of fluid in the ventricloBof the brain , from which it would seem that the deceased hud boon labouring vinder considerable morbid excitement . The Choi-era in thm Ionian Islands . - Letters from Corfu to the 21 nt of November report cholera as Btill prevailing both there and at Ziuito , as well among the military ns among the civil population ; and it has also manifested itaelf in some of the villages of the island of Cophalonia . From the 4 th of October , on which day it first made it » appearance at Corfu , up to the 19 th of November , of 7 < i 8 attacked , 889 bad succumbed to the disease , and only 122 hnd been discharged as curod ; 257 were still under hospital treatment . About one-seventh of tho total attacked were among tho military .

    State op Trade . —The trade reports from the ' provincial towns for the week ending the 1 st inst . de-¦ scribe no alteration , the course of busines . 3 being generally steady , and apparently little affected by the high rate of discount . At Manchester , the transactions have been to a moderate extent , and prices are supported by the partial strike of the operatives , which checks the accumulation of stocks that would otherwise occur . The Birmingham advicea mention a rather unexpected improvement in the demand for manufactured iron , especially for home purpose , ? . Many of the general occupations of the place likewise exhibited considerable activity , partly from the stimulus of the war , and partly from an increase in the quantity of foreign orders . At Nottingham , and also in the woollen districts , the markets have beeu quiet , but steady . The Irish linen trade ia without alteration . —Times . Tit for Tat . — Cardinal Wiseman , on Monday evening , delivered an inaugural address to the Young Men ' s Society in the school-room , Winchester-row . The chief subject of his discourse was an answer to the observations made by Lord John Russell , at Exeter Hall , on the persecutions of the Protestants by Roman Catholics . The Cardinal did not attempt to deny these acts ( it would , indeed , have been a vain attempt to do so ) , but he showed what is equally indisputable , that Protestants have acted with similiar cruelty and inj ustice to Papists . He admitted that , in tinies of religious excitement , all parties have been too apt to use the temporal sword ; but he contrasted the brief outbreaks of Romanist fury with the longabiding oppression of the Papists in many countries , including England . His Eminence , however , forgot the fact that an equivalent despotism is exercised over Protestants in most Catholic countries . In opposition to Lord John Russell , the Cardinal questioned the projmety . of recommending young men to read such aiithors as Locke and Milton , whose toleration stopped short of Papacy , hut included atheism and democracy . However , his Eminence advised the young men of the St . James ' s Society to study science to its utmost limits , for the chm-ch had no fear of its discoveries . Let them study all literature that was virtuous , and enjoy that innocent and healthy recreation ¦ without which study became a load and a strain . But they knew the boundaries that faith had marked out , arid beyond that he warned them not to go . Health ok London . —The mortality of the metropolitan districts continues to increase . The deaths , which in the two previous weeks had been 975 and 1 , 073 , rose in the last woek of November to 1 , 124 . The number of deaths last week i .-s less by 137 than would have occurred if tho rate of mortality had been as high as it was , on an average , during the corresponding weeks of the last ten years . The -weekly deaths in November have been , taking the averages , 120 more than they were in the preceding month ; and the mean temperature of November has been lower , to the exteut of about nine degrees , than that of October . There died last week 547 males and 577 females . The number of males corresponds exactly with that of the previous week , and , therefore , the increase ( amounting to 51 ) in the total deaths arose entirely in the female part of the population . Four deaths from scarl itina arc- returned from Kensington , all of them , except one , Laving occurred in the " Potteries . " Four occurred alno jn Somora-town , whore the Registrar complains that cleansing operations have boon greatly neglected by tho Paving Board , under whoso management part of I tin district was placet ! . A labourer , aged fifty-eight yo . irs , died of cholera , after forty-sevou houra * illness , in Fullor ' arentfl , Cotton-streot , Poplar . Fifteen women died of favor or other illness incirlcnfcai to child-bearing . A jjirl , woven years old , died from drinkimj n quantity of tthorry , " boiug ignorant of its offoct .-j . "—Lunt week , tho birtliH of 8-8 boys ami 787 girls , in all 1 , 615 children , wore rogintored in London . In tho ten corresponding weokf ) of tho yearn 1845-54 , the average numVior was 1 , 415 . — Front the Jivtjhtrur-General a Weekly Return . The Acoidjbni' on this Great Westkrn Railway . . —An iuqneot has been opened , but stands adjourned till next week , on tho body of John Mooro , the breuksman cnnploycd on tho Went London Railway , who was killed at tho junction of that lino with tlio Great Wostorii . Ab far us the evidunco has yot gono , it Hoems to nlxo \ v that tho accident waa caused by Bennett , tho wgnulinun ab tho Actor cutting , showing a white ( or " go on" ) Hi ^ nul to the driver of tho Great Wostorii engine , when ho Hhould hivvo repeated tho rod ( or danger ) Higual exhibited by n switchman nearly a inilo-nud-a-hulf < lintnnt . It was about Jialipast « ix o ' clock in tho morning , and was rather dark , though olonr ; and Btnnetl , saya ho could not Heo tho red light from whoro ho wiw placed . To determine thin point , tho inquiry wiw adjourned . Amalgamation oic Fiiims . —Two of tho Wost-oiul banking firms , MoBsr * . Hansom and Co ., of Pall-mall East , and Messrs . Bouvoriound Co ., of tho Hay market , acting upon tlio rooont suggestion that a combination of the Hinalltr establishments would bo ndvaiitagoouf *

    both for themselves and the public , have resolved upon an amalgamation ; and the business of the two houses will , on and after the 1 st of next month , be conducted under the address of Ransom , Bouverie and Co . Dr . Cui-len on the State of the Church . —A pastoral by Dr . Cullen , read from all the chapels of Dublin , and extending to very great length , has been published . The Rev . Doctor considers that the humbling o £ the Russian arch-heretic , and the bowing of the neck of Francis Joseph to the yoke of Rome , are the blessed results of the recognition of the Immaculate Conception . The exemplary piety of the Austrian Emperor , in rising superior to the infidel " prejudices" of his age , and " undoing the unhappy work of one of his predecessors who had been led astray by the prevailing errors and false liberality of his days , " is highly commended ; while the irreligion of Sardinia , Spain , and parts of Germany and Switzerland , is frowned and wept over . With respect to the wicked romances and novels , and other ungodly ( or unpapal ) publications of the present day , Dr . Cullen advises his flock to "imitate the example of the faithful of Ephesus , who , moved by the preaching of St . Paul , " burnt all their books : a broad hint in the direction of the late Bible immolations . On the subject of these so-called immoral publications , the Papistical primate earnestly desires to be informed " who will give water to his head , and a fountain of tears to his eyes , to weep over the ruin and desolation , " &c . The Patriotic Fund . —The members of the Loyal United Riggers' Friendly Society of the port of London , have subscribed £ 20 for tho Patriotic Fund . New Reformatory at Aberdeen . —The buildings of a reformatory on an extensive scale , and intended as a model institution as well as for local benefit , have just been commenced at Old Mill , about two miles from the city of Aberdeen . Van Dtemen's Land exists no longer , the Queen having been graciously pleased to accede to a petition from the colony praying that the name of "Van Diemen ' s Land should be changed to that of " Tasmania . " —Australian and New Zealand , Gazette . TftE ScomsH Universities . —The Lord-Advocate of Scotland has agreed to bring in a , bill for the reform of the Scottish universities next session of Parliament , provided that the various parties more immediately interested shall agree on the heads of a feasible and practical measure . Murder by a Russian Sailor . —An inquest was commenced on Saturday , and concluded on Tuesday , at the Bristol Infirmary , before Mr . J . B . Grindon , respecting the death of Jose Francois Mareschal , a Belgian sailor , one of the crew of the Leopold I ., now lying in tho port . Tho evidence proved that , on Sunday morning , the 25 th ult ., three men , one of whom was the deceased , while intoxicated , were quarrelling on the quay . The other two men wore Julian Willeni Adolfc Schinck , a Russian , and Frederick Langeuon , a Belgian . They all belonged to tho vessel , and , as noon as they got on board , the Russian took up a capstan bar , and ( struck Mareschal on tho head with it . It appeared that ho wan irritated against him because ho had taken the part of the other man . Tho injuries inflicted on the deceased were bo severe that ho died from them in the Bristol Infirmary last Thurnday . Tho jury returned a verdict of" Wilful murder" against Sohiuck , tho Russian sailor , who hag absconded . Sr » Robjjut PEHTi has written to tho Mornhiy Chronicle , to disavow tho opinions inimical to our navy and to the Admiralty which had been imputed to him in consoquoneo of : Jiii late speech at Tamworth . Ho a / wei'tH that ho whh inisunderHtood . JJhtiu . km Hospitau—The governor of thin institution , in carrying out their present liuinuno practice of non-restraint , combined with tho promotion of music and other amusements calculated to Booth tho lnindu of the unfortunate inmates , as well nn from ' the considerable increase of patients , have folt it noctHHary to make extennivo adrtitioiw iind alterations to tho hospital . Two Death * viiom Fihe . —Two young girls , of the respective ages of eighteen « n < l twelve , daughters of ft carpenter at Southtuwn , Suffolk , have boon accidental ly burnt to death . They wore sitting before tho firo , when tho linon clothes of the yourfter worn ignited , and , in endeavouring toextinguiHh tlioflmiioH , the eldor girl became speedily involved in fcboni . Both lingered for some days , aud then oxpiiwl-Fires and Lows ov Likk . —In tho oouvno of . Saturday and Sunday lights , sevonil -vory do . itruotivo fires , attended by loss of lifo , occurred in varwuH parts ot the metropolis Jn l > aviea- » lmofc , JJorkotojr-wiiiaro , an elderly woman , who w «« purnlytlo , wan burnt to death . Her plorointf ori «« brnu « htamii . stanco but too late to mivo her lift ' . ' A hbooihI nro ooourrod fn Ann . stroot , Pollard-row , Hotlinal-ffwen , wh y ro « £ « " »« ™" burnt down ; a third took plnao at Itatolifl , and r « - miltod in tho doaLli of a young man , who to OHoapo tho flamoH , jumpod out of a third floor window ; and * fourth in Cfoiigh-nqimro , where one lifo wan hIho lost .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 8, 1855, page 1173, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2118/page/9/