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hundred < troops , ccps ^ ed the ^ lake to Virgin Bay . He was afterwards rein&rceji ; but-no . accounts have . yefc been received of any conflict between the belligerents . The Costa Rica government , however , has issued an address to the people of Central America , calling on them to rise and destroy the invaders . An ambassador from San Salvador has arrived at Granada ( the capital of Nicaragua ) , with despatches of a peaceful character , but taking exception to the presence of so many Americans . General Walker , Ln a proclamation issued
on the 9 th of Mareh , states that he was invited by the democratic party of Nicaragua to espouse their cause-He had complied with their request , and struggled to oarry out the principles of the revolution of 1854 ; but the legitimist party , having repelled all efforts at ¦ conciliation , there was left no other resource than war . The intelligence from the other parts of America is scanty . The Indians are committing great ravages < at various parts of the frontier ; and Kansas is still threatened by the violence of the pro-slavery p * arty . Bodies of armed men have entered the State for the
¦ express purpose -of controlling the elections , some by false swearing , and some by the use of force . The pro-slavery papers of Kansas and Missouri admit these facts , and attempt to justify them by asserting that they are necessary . The Know-nothing Massachusetts House of Representatives , by a constitutional vote , has Tefused to adopt a resolution to amend the constitution , so as to prohibit other -than native-born citizens from holding office in the State . The United States ' district attorney has entered a notti prosequi as against certain parties supposed to be interested in the Crimean enlistments . A reception ball has been given to Mr . John Frost , the Chartist leader , at the City Assembly-rooms .
In Mexico / the insurrection against the n « w President , Comonfort , raised by Haro y Tamariz ( who objects to the proposed abolition of the exclusive privileges , With regard to the operation of the civil and criminal laws , of the military and clergy ) , still ¦ continues ; bub it is thought that the Government is strong enough to put it down . At Monte "Video , Don Gfabriel Pereira has been elected President . He is described as a man of honest principles and of a strong will . The claims of the English merchants , in connexion with the loan guaranteed by the British Government , are still evaded . Progress is checked at Buenos Ayres by the ferocity ¦ of the Indians , which is alleged to fee stimulated by the partisans of the ex-Dictator Rosas . From the Sandwich Islands we l 6 arn that the lava
stream from the great volcano is slowing winding towards Hilp , which , it was feared , it must eventually ¦ overwhelm . Money contiuues abundant , not only at New York , but in all the great marts for commerce along the seaboard . The cotton market is active , at an advance of one-eighth of a cent .
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ASSASSINATION IN RUPERT STREET . A most extraordinary series of murderous attacks waa committed on Thursday night in Rupert-street , Haymarket , by an Italian named Fosohiiri . At No . 45 in . that Vtroet , Louis Stuoohi , another Italian , keeps a restaurant for his countrymen and for other foreigners , and among the frequenters were Francesco Rosai , Carlo do ltudio , and Pietro Ghieea , all of them Italians * Fosohini , the assassin , lias only recently visited the place ; but on Thursday evening ho treated the three above-mentioned to some boor , and induced them , Bomewhat against their will , to play at onrda . Suddenly , FoBohtni complained of feeling very ill , and was conducted by Rossi out ol the honao , with the intention of going to n ohombt ' H . Ho app « ared to be faint And in great agony *
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manslaughter of Ms mistress , the Countess de Caumont La Force . The act was committed in a moment of exasperation , the man being scolded by the countess . Beaumann was sentenced to imprisonment , with hard labour , for life .
AUSTBIA . Austria has agreed to evacuate the Danubian Principabties within a short period from the ratification of the Tr-eaty of Peace . The Allies are to have six months to withdraw from the Crimea . The Synod of Austrian . Bishops commenced its sittings on Sunday week . The proceedings then were merely formal ; but on the following day the prelates again met , and made arrangements for the establish ment of regular ecclesiastical courts , which will have to decide on the conditions of which * Catholics and non-Catholics may be allowed to marry—one of these conditions being , probably , that the children of such mixed marriages shall always be educated in the Papistical faith .
before the Congress a memorandum , on theTtanan question , but that the memorandum did not emanate from the Sardinian Government . It was merely aa analysis of the views of certain , eminent Italians which Count Cavour submitted to the Congress as a fair representation of the state of opinion in Italy . A Roman Journal bearing an official character ( the Civilia Cattolica ) , while enlarging upon the friendly disposition which the Emperor Alexander II . mani fests in favour of the Roman Catholics of his empire ^ announces that M . de KisselefF , Russian minister at Rome , will be charged to negotiate a new concordat upon more liberal bases than that which was granted some few years ago . M . Walewski , it is stated , informed the-Congress , *! one of its sittings , that France intends to withdraw
her troops from Greece , and , at the same time , ha expressed a hope ( backed by the English and Sardinian Plenipotentiaries ) that Austria , in imitation of tb £ fc example , would remove her army from the Roman Legations . " Count Buol , " says the grates Paris correspondent , " disputed the identity of the two questions . Greece was occupied by French troops rather for a personal or particular object than hi accordance with any express desire of the Greek Government . The Austrian troops , on the contrary , occupied tha Legations , not merely with iihe assent , but at tha earnest desire , of the Pontifical Government ; and he was not aware that , his Holiness had as yet intimated his conviction that he could so confide in the loyally and affection , of his people as to dispense with theic presence ! . " to the Italian
Some statements with respect question in connexion with the Conferences are made t > y theMvrnmg . Px 3 st Paris Correspondent , who writes :- — «' I do not believe any immediate good will come oilfc of the representations of Count Cavour , although I can state positively : —1 . The Emperor Napoleon has countenanced the suggestions of tne pieuuiGStSS © Plenipotentiaries , being desirous to witness such conservative reforms in the peninsula as will insure tranquillity and prosperity . 2 . Lord Clarendon has supported these views , and thereby represented the British Cabinet and the people of England . 3 , The Russian Envoys have not opposed the policy of France and England as sought to be applied to Italy . 3 . The Austrian . Plenipotentiaries deny the right of discussing the state of Italy at all . "
SPAIN . The uneasy condition of affairs continues in Spain . The Gazette gives intelligence from Valentia of the 10 th . The city continued tranquil and in the same state as on the preceding day . General Zabala had arrived the previous evening at Albaceta . _ Troppa from various parts w ^ re marching on Valentia . The disturbances at Valencia were more serious than was at first supposed . The insurgents occupied some bouses , whence they fired on the military , and . from which they were only dislodged by the use of artillery . Several of the combatants were killed aid wounded on both sides . TURKEY . The Divan has come to a decision to permit the entry of Russian merchant ships into the Bosphoru ^ The Journal de Cbn $ t < mtinoph says that the ditjfciuv bances at Hedjaz still continue , and that the Porte has taken measures to put them clown , The same journal speaks of other disturbances having broken out in the province of Katkiari * General Williams will be honoured with the mission , to arrange the Asiatic frontier . Great excitement lias been created at Varna by the violation and murder of a Christian girl . The crime is imputed to a pacha . Six thousand Qhristians , it is said , attended the funeral , and in the church a Bulgarian harangued the people , vehemently demanding juBtice .
Arabia is still in a very disturbed state . The Christians of Doniah , have demanded the protection of the Sultan against the Moslems . An insurrection has broken out at Belgradchick , in . Bulgaria , near the Servian frontier . A Bulgarian , formerly an officer in the Russian service , professes an intention to expel the Turks in the name of Russia . Ho ia at the head of two or three hundred men .
PBUSSIA . The trial of the parties engaged in the late Hinkeldey duel has been concluded by the military tri bunal to which it was referred . The sentence has not yet been pronounced , but will be shortly . Qreat dissatisfaction has been felt at the accused being tried by the military , whose judgments in such cases are lighter tban those of the civil courts . Herr von Kochow , it is said , has no right to be tried by courtmartial , since he is only an . officer of the Landwehr , in which every male Prussian is obliged to serve , so that all could make an equally good claim .
Count Waldersee , the Minister of War , recently resigned from a matter of personal pique ; but has since re-accepted office . Herr von Zedlitz Neukirch , who accepted conditionally the functions of President of Police on the death of Hinkeldey , has now definitively assumed them . Some changes he has already introduced have rendered him popular . ' ¦ -,. ; . iialy . . . Parma is in a very disturbed state , and the Austrians are ... committing great brutalities . "During the last few days , " says a correspondent of the Morning Post , " dozens of persons , arrested for
supposed political opinions , have been sent off to Mantua . Military law is applied with the utmost severity . The Austrians say there will be no long trials : ' The guilty will be shot , and the innocent set at liberty . ' The whole male population wearing beards have been shaved by authority ! It is almost impossible either to receive communications or to send letters out of the town . " Similar intelligence has been received from Naples . Several trials for conspiracy against the King and his Government are now in course of procedure . Assassinations have become frequent at Milan ; aaid among the victims are Dr . Mojoli , director of the hospitals , and a man suspected to be a police
CONTINENTAL NOTES . FRANCE . A FATAL duel between two French officers has taken place at Grenoble . A letter from that city says : — *' In consequence of a dispute between a captain of the 15 th battalion of foot chasseurs , and another captain of the 22 d chasseurs , a duel was fought here this morning . The two officers had chosen pistols , and , after having been placed at twenty paces , they advanced each five paces , and fired . Both of the antagonists were killed on the spot . " A banquet ( says the Monitewr ) took place on Saturday eveningat theTuileries , in the Hall of the Marshals , given by the Emperor to the members of the Congress .
All the members of the Congress were invited , as well as the foreign Ministers , Cardinals , Ministers of the Emparor , Marshals , Presidents of the great bodies of the State , the grand officers of the Crown , the French Ambassador to the Court of London , the Governor of the Invalides , the Grand Chancellor of the Legion of Honour , the Grand Referendary of the Senate , Senators , Deputies , high functionaries of State , and tho principal oivil and military officers of the Emperor ' s Household . The Emperor took his seat in the centre of the table , whioh was laid in tho form of a horsoohoe . On his right hand sat hia ExceDenoy Lord Clarendon , and on his left Count Buol . His Imperial
Highness ; Prince Napoleon sat opposite the Emperor . He had on his right hia Excellenoy Count Orloff , and on hia loft his Highness Aali Pacha . Towards the end of tho tlinner , hia Imperial Majesty spoke the following words in a firm emphatic voice : ~ - "I propose a toast in honour of the union eo happily reestablished between tho Sovereigns . May it be a lasting one ! and it will bo bo if it rest always on right , on justice , on the real and legitimate interests of nations . " Theao words were received with unanimous shouts of "Vive VEm&crcur 1 " After tho banquet , the Emporor adjourned to tho saloon © ontjguaua to tho Throneroom , and the reunion lasted till ten o ' olook
Some French Mothodista at Valleranguo have been lined , fifty franos each with oosts , for meeting for tho Purpose , of religious worship . Tho D 6 bxts warrnlv p alls for a modification of tho law . . Antoine Benumann has been found guilty of tho
spy . The commercial classes at Milan have long desired to establish a feank in then- city , to be named the " Banca Lombarder , " and possessing all the attributes of a national bank ; but the Vienna , Government refuses permission , without vouchsafing a reason . It has crept out , however , that the real motive is , that the Banca Lombarder would be an attempt against the political integrity of the Austrian empire . The affairs of Italy are likely for some time to > occupy the attention of diplomatists . The Paris DihaAs has recently published a long article on the subject of the reforms necessary for the proper government of the Peninaula , and of the demand which
is now being made upon Europe to interfere on behalrf of the Italian people . " Europe / ' says the French journalist , " is not indifferent to the misfortunes of Italy . It takes the liveliest interest in the Italian question . Europe oannot tolerate the perpetual existence in her own bosom of a hotbed of trouble , disorder , conspiracy , and revolt . Suoh a hotbed exists , however , in Italy . It is for the honour and interest of Europe to break this up , and suoh a result cannot be obtained either by bloody executions or by a sys tern of oppression , whioh , though it might palliate the evil for a time , would never cure it , and would inevitably provoke fresh troubles , which should at any cost be prevented , in order that it may not become necessary to repress them . Italy is a groat country , peopled by upwards of 25 , 000 , 000 of inhabitants whose commotions liave
, caused profound agitation in Europe . " OTto writer , however , thinks that no attack should be made on the existence of tho Italian atatos , ond that there are no grounds for » redistribution of Italian torritory . " Finally , great reforms in the Italian States are indiapeneablo , not only bocaueo tho peoples dosiro aad expoot them , l > ut also because they aro called for by tho progress of human , reason and by the new relations established between the governing olaases aucl tho governed , Tho oompljusant submission of the populate ia no longer to bo reckoned upon : the people require to know why they arc commanded and why they obey . " The J ) 6 bata adds that tho Plenipotentiaries aro agreed upon abfitraot principles , but are quite at sea with resp-oot to tho measures necoaeary forcanvyiug the principles into practice . Tho Prmc Bays it is true that Count Cftvour laid
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Apbil 1 & * 806 f 3 TrH g &JB A ^ gEjiR . , 3 § 7
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OUR CIVILISATION . - ¦ 4 ^ 1 . — ¦ - aw ^ K ¦¦¦ i btf «^ S ^ . ¦» tV . pwilte PW . IW ^ h IV *> W t ^^ H ^» i ^ tf ^ ^ n * u n ^ B V ^ b n ^^ U fc ^^ A Vi
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Leader (1850-1860), April 19, 1856, page 367, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2137/page/7/
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