On this page
-
Text (1)
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
iad anftntonately been found ^ necessary continue the mnweitmlMnaa < wit ! h joy and sataB&ctum * hat toer IFuWmIv "tinn ihiinn rnaMnri to re-establish peace on con-^ Skhnter « o aKmotaeaMe dtp faer Majesty ' s Crown , and wMch . ioiftillyarccoTOplirfx -the great objects for "which the war TTOtBTi ^ ii ' tinhrm 3-d express to ther Majesty the great jafefefifctfan twteoh we tfeel that , -while * ho « e alliances which rbaro so materially contributed to the -vigorous j ^ d eucotssml prosecution of the war have been equally ^ fectirte an the consolidation of peace , Powers -which toad not * afcen ; an active part in the war have combined with ihe bblligeients to « ive by their sanction and accession which the
. additional -firmness to the jtrrangements by- - iep « B »« BfJCurepe as an future to be protected from dis--turbance . To atate fto Jher Majesty * hat we rejoice that , notwithstanding the great exertions which the late war rendered / necessary , * he resources of the . empire have remained Ttn" « pH ? Tw ^ To express . a hope that the peace which has now been iconclnded may , under the favour of Divine Providence , long continue to shed its blessings over Em-ope , and that harmony among Governments and friendly intercourse among nations may steadily promote the ^ progress of ¦ civilization , and secure the welfare and happiness of mankind . " .
Lord -Glenblg seconded the" motion , contending that the wsa had resulted in curbing the power of Russia in the Black Sea . and in the Baltic , and thus securing the independence of the Ottoman Empire and of Sweden . The -Earl of Maiaobbsbuby thought the terms of the . Address -exaggerated , and he could not concur with them . The expressions "joy and satisfaction" were not warranted . The objects of the -war had never been very clearly -denned ; but , as far as he understood them , he denied that they had been fully accomplished , and he should therefore advise an amendment , congratulating her Majesty that the Government had been enabled to establish a "peace " the conditions of which appeared to her Majesty ' s Government adequately to effect the great objects <^ the war . " The fall of Kars had seriously
affected the conditions of peace . Sebastopol had been restored to the Russians ; there was no definition of what is to be considered a naval arsenal ; the northern forts remain ; Kertch and Eupatoria are to be given up , though strengthened by works erected by us ; the forts on the Circassian coast are also to be left in the hands of Russia ; the Circassians have been abandoned , notwithstanding their services to the Allies ; sufficient measures were not taken at the proper time for the security of Asia Minor ? and General Williams was neglected at Kars . Into this last question , Lord Malmesbury entered at aome length , and severely reprehended the conduot of Lord Stratford de Redcliffe . However , if it were the wish of the House , he would not oppose the Address , but merely content himself with recording his opinion .
The Earl of Ci ^ arendon thanked Lords Ellesmere and Glenelg for the praise they had bestowed upon him ; but that praise was equally due to his colleague , for though , as Lord Malmesbury had remarked , the name of Lord Cowley did not often appear in the protocols , it was simply because he ( Lord Clarendon ) was the first plenipotentiary . Lord Cowloy had rendered him much assistance by his knowledge and experience . Lord Malmesbury was mistaken in supposing that the fall of Kars had had an effect on the negotiations . It was unjust , moreover , to Lord Stratford to suppose that , because he did not write , he did nothing else 9 and it should be remembered that procrastination is the rule in transacting business in Turkey , and that , during the period alluded in hand
to , Lord Stratford had several other questions , all of great importance . To have recalled Lord Stratford would not have saved Kars , while it would have been highly inconvenient , as depriving us of the services of a most experienced man . But the Government had signified its disapproval of the ambassador ' s conduct , had insisted that General Williams ' s demands should be complied with , and had obtained that compliance . As to sending a portion of the Crimean army to Kars , it was tho opinion of the French Government and of nil the generals , English and French , that that stop would be highly imprudent ; and therefore it was not taken . In answer to Lord Molmesbury ' s objections , Lord Clarendon explained that , Russia boing still entitled to retain Black it
a limited number of ships in the Sea , was necessary that Nicholaieff should bo kept as the place for building them ; but an engagement had been made that no more should bo constructed than were allowed . The rectification of the frontier from that first proposed had secured a bettor boundary ; and tho freedom of the navigation of the Danube had been guaranteed , would be regulated first by a commission , and afterwards in the same manner as that of tho Rhino . As wo had obtained no military successes on tho Circassian coast , wo could not impose any terms on Russia with regard to that country 5 and it would have boon difficult to discover what to impose . Those districts must eithor have been restored to Turkey or declared independent . The people would never have submitted again to Turkey , and to
declare them independent would have been a more mockery . Tho feeling of tho population and of all tho chiefs was with the Russians . Among thorn must bo included Schamyl and tho Circassians ; for tho only period during which he had made no military movement against Russia bad been the last two years of tho war . Hu did not think they hud any great claim to tho consideration of England .
The EbtI of DeB 3 B 1 T concervefl ghat ^ he * en » s the Treaty are not comvoKummMteTwith « fee TOKnftfioes that ; 'have been -made- ; « nd fee fcapefl theywotfld tarn out ; better than the peace d £ Anaeus . He Classed 4 be Ge- ' vexmnent for the-fall of Kars , anfi'WSB'aiBsatiafietl'wftfh : the new line of frontier , which he ^ relieved to bave been ) modified in consequence of that event . " * 99 ieir 4 fhjer * " ? 8 the neutralization « f the iBlaok Sea . We sere < tcfld ibat it is $ 0 be completely neutralized—tfhat it is to be "open to the commerce of all nations , and that « o military arsenals of any shape are to be upon its coast . 'Bat what is to become of the two important forts of Ismail and iKillia-Hova ? Are they to be razed F 1 should be glad to know whether they are to be razed 'Or not . Is there any understanding on the subject ?—( Hie Earl wf Clarendon was 'understood to reply in the negative . )
Then they are not to be razed ?—( The Earl of Cearerbokj * They nave been restored . ' )—They form par * of the Turkish territory , but they cannot be occupied * y Turkish -troops . These fortresses will be garrisoned toy Moldavians , ana , so far as Tnrkey -goes , I don ^ t think there will be any -security . " There was nothing in $ be Treaty to secure the real neutralization of the Black Sea . The forts on the coast of Ctrcassia might be restored , and the best barrier against Russia , the independence of the Circassian tribes , had cbeen sacrificed He condemned severely that part of Tfche SDreaty which changed the maritime law of lihe country without any reference to the Legislature . That part of the Treaty was—to use the mildest ^ expression—a surrender of our maritime supremacy .
Earl Gkanville defended fhe Treaty of Peace ; « nd Lord Co / wley explained ( in answer to wme -criticism by Lord Abbkdeest ) that « ny aggression from either Russia or Turkey in the Black Sea -would give the other Powers a right to interfere . — 'Earl Gbet considered- * e Treaty a great step in tire advance of Sramanity and civilization , especially in the -change it effected in our maritime law ; and Lord Camfbbul . said the change in that law had been effected quite in accordance with the constitution . —The amendment was then negatived , and the Address agreed to without a division . The House then adjourned . In the House of Commoss , Mr . Evelyn © enison moved , and Mr . Henbt Heebebt seconded , an Address similar to that which had been proposed in the Lords . Lord Johh Manners said he would not oppose the
; oy . aenoanciirgthe 'present ^ omBtion & Italy , 4 n wnich weuntry'tihere fe lefts liberty < faan « ieretBSn T ?« trieey writ < by -ewwplhneirting Lord Clarendon << m flbe awe TOaansr m "which "he < has 'conducted < he < negotbrtions . Lord John Russell , expressed his satisfaction " # rfti ttoe Ihreity , « soept in some few TJartieolars . 39 e Te--gmttsd tbast the'engagement respecting Kicfaolaleff iHa not ^^ arin ifce Treaty , Ttnit etily -in « lhe protocols , laa 4 h © slKpe > of aft warner of Count OrlegF . 1 *© rigln « OBceded to { Russia -to re ~ er * ct the'Circassian Torts migitt -perhaps * e t * e means « F -eonnrmingfeer power % i ° r 2 ra 4 Blaok « wa . @is » levflslfip «» en inferred to > & » amSBtiffti -of Jthe European ntftkmalttieB , -wbserving : — - ^ . cawnat > bnt tihink , wfeile w « are ready to admit fbat fhe Emperor
• of JRuance , swiitibin bis Dim dominions , may regulate Obe press * 8 be < pienfses , send , put any resteictaons on Tt he may tbink ¦ adviseflble , withoBt any rnterferenoeon 'onr part , 'be should respect similar rights in Belgium—( cktsersy—~ infl not call upon the English M 3 B 4 ster to join him in Wterf ering with « non « n authority to anotfeer ^ coutftry . © ther grave questions -were ^ discussed in the 'Conference n £ April Sth . —Greece , for instance , wbicb , Tinfortunately , is in a -very melancholy state- ; * but yet , 1 bfeEeve , if -earamined , it would be found , in spiteof masry disoraers ana outrages , and of licence -on -the part of fhe * 6 w eminent , to nave exhibited some proofs of freedom tvfueb ^ may lead us to hope better things . ( JEfcar , kear . J Bat tmaSher snbject is still more melancholy , and that is , 'the-state of
Italy . I ventured to call attention to this subject at The -end of last session , and , since that time , I have received protests and complaints that I should Tmve spoken , against the Italian governments . I have since maftein-; quiry in greater detail , and all the details which I 'have discovered confirm my impression . I find that fire arbitrary government of the Legations is such as irarffly can be believed . ( Hear , ftear . " ) To-men like the Italians , quick in idea , sensitive in feeling , endowed with imagination , and at the same time aspiring to KvemnSer a ; gooti government—* oj such men such tyranny mnst toe intolerable . ( Cheer * . " ) How is this state of tMngs tmiintained ? By foreign intervention . "We all fcnow "that flince 1815 foreign intervention rests upon iihis , Viz . —
the momentary overthrow of authority , tie wairt oif order , the open supremacy of -a mob or of some anarchical party , who mqy be put down by foreign help till authority has been restored , when the intervention , should be withdrawn . ( Sear , hear . ) That is the principle ¦© £ foreign intervention since 1815 , and one instance of it is exhibited in our interference in Portugal , when authority was restored , and our interference ended in a fern months . But the intervention at Rome has lasted for seven years . The time has come when we may -add , ' What do you mean ? Do you mean perpetual occupation ? If not , when do you -mean to withdraw ? If
reception of the Address , but would state one or two objections which he felt towards the Treaty . He admitted that the present security of Turkey was fully attained by its provisions ; but her future security he feared was not provided for . The handing up of the Circassians to the Russians ( whose authority over them had never been recognized by Europe ) was a proceeding devoid of justice and honour ; and the only security sought after for the Turkish Asiatic provinces was " poor and pitiful attempt" of Lord Clarendon to prevent the re-erection of the Russian forts on the Black Sea ,
it is to be perpetual , then that is an addition of ¦ teiiiitoi . y to these States , and it is an overthrow of the balance -of Europe . ' ( Ckeera . ") The question as to the time of withdrawal mightjbe answered , but , if answered , it must be answered with a great sacrifice of that priestly power which has been the source of great abuses in government ; and , if answered as I believe it ought to be , it must be answered by a sacrifice of the Protectorate of Austin over Italy . I am favourable to Austrian dominion w 3 aen that dominion is legitimate . I consider her position iin the centre of Europe eminently useful to Europe , and that her influence is often used to withstand Powers
the result being that the Russians are at liberty to rebuild those forts whenever they please . The TranB Caucasian tribes had therefore been handed over without pity or remonstrance to their implacable foes , though at the Vienna -Conferences it was one of our objects to secure their independence . His suspicion was that this abandonment of a gallant and friendly people was " compensation" to Russia for the relinquishment of Kars . As regards Lord Clarendon "« refusal to pledge himself to reactionary and restrictive measures against the press , he thought his manner of doing so was calculated to give countenance and encouragement to such
more ambitious than herself ; but she has no claim to a protectorate in Italy beyond certain bounds laid down for her in the Treaty . I trust that the words used by Lord Clarendon at the Conference , and which , I am assured by one who was there , were , in fact , stronger than wo have them in the protocol , will not be allowed to fall to the ground . " Lord Ci-Aud Hamilton expressed his dissatisfaction at the abandonment of the Circassians—an assertion which was denied by Sir Charles Woon , who observed that the Circassians aTe only left in the same position in which they were found at the commencement of tho wbt . Had Russia been required not to reconstruct the f arts on the Black Sea , Turkey must have been called upon to demolish Varna . On the motion of Mr . Ldtdsat , the debate was adjourned . MrNIBTKHIAL STATEMENTS .
measures . Mr . Monckton Milsks accuBed Lord John Manners of exaggeration in characterizing the Treaty of Peace as dishonourable and degrading ; but he joined with him in denouncing the manner in which the free Belgian press had been spoken of in the Conferences , as he thought it amounted to a menace . —Mr . Layabd was satisfied , upon the whole , with the Treaty of Peace ; it exceeded in value what he expected , and , considering the policy on which tho war had been commenced by Lord Aberdeen ( a policy which he believed might have been greatly improved , but which it was now too late to alter ) , he did not think it could be denied that the main objects had been accomplished . However , he agreed with Lord John Manners in condemning tho abandonment of the Circassians . With regard to tho provisions
Previously to the debute , several questions were asked of different members of the Government . The most important were the subjoined : — In answer to Mr . Magotrb , Mr . LABoruOHKRE stated that there had been some disturbances in Denxerara , stirred up by a fanatic anti-Catholic , named Orr , Inrt that tho riots had been put down . The thanks of tne Government were duo to a French and a Dutch vessel oT war which rendered valuable assistance . Replying to Captain Scobkll , Sir Champs WvOp bad been ordered to fb
for tho neutralization of the Black Sea , he thought there were a thousand ways by which Russia might evade them . She might have an unlimited number of gunboats in tho Sea of Azof , and say they were there for the protection of trade . They need not be armed ; that might bo done in the shortest possible space of time . Their vessels of war might also easily bo passed off bs merchant vessels . With regard to Circaasia , he thought a great omission had been made . Was tho blockade of tho Circassian coast , which had long existed , to bo continued ? Tho right of Russia in Circassia had never been acknowledged by tho other European nations ; but the Treaty appeared , tacitly at least , to give some colour to such right . Wero our ships and our consulB to be excluded from Sobastopol and Nicholaieff ? The reforms granted by tho Forte to the Christians were , on the whole , very satisfactory ; and he highly approved of the independence granted to Scrvia . Mr . Lnyard concluded
stated that two or three ships ^ Black S oa to bring troops from the Crimea , but itoat . it was not intended generally to employ ships of -war on that service . —Captain Scobiell then naked the Undersecretary for War whether the BOldicrs ¦ Who , "without blame on their part , lost their kits attha t ime of landing in the Crimea , or at any subsequent period , hav © fee *" i or would be , allowed compensation for the same V—Mr . Frbi > kriok Pkkl said that , where there wan no blame , the soldiers would either receive others , or money , in compensation .
Untitled Article
JkLAj * 10 , 1856 ] THE LEABEK . 385 i ¦ * . ^_^_^_^ MM ^ j ^^ MajM ^ M ^^ M ^ M ^ M ^^ MM ^^^^^^ BMM ^^ M ^^ B ^^^ MM ^ BM ^ BMiM ^^ MM ^^^ MMMIMBaMMMMMa ^ MBMMBMMHiMMB ^ B ^ WMi ^ WMWi ^ BMWWMWWMiW ^ H ^ BMMIMMMM ^ MM ^^ Ml ^ wfcMBM ^ MMMaM ^ M ^^^^^ SSSSSCiSS ^*
-
-
Citation
-
Leader (1850-1860), May 10, 1856, page 435, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2140/page/3/
-