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preme over * -all i * : the'Chief Commissioner , General Outbam , who continues to draw ins Zmm ^ SvfevyMaJteeMeoib . Thi * fu nctionary fe .. tfc © alternate ; referae ia * li judicial and fiscal questions ,. * nd the sole ^ channel of com-S ic ^ on befcween ^ subordinate * and the § 2 ? ernor ^ Ueflexal in Council . To him alone mimsB # e . power , of awarding the punishinento ^ deathand Ins attributes generally
, ar , e those of # Pacha , of , a Turkish provj ^ ce His medium , of communication with the Supareine GoVerninertt is a Secretary , with a Salary of 24 O 02 . a year . He has also a Military ^ Seereta % , inth . 1 , 4007 . a year , whose duty ft is to ¦ communicate with the King anditie Koyal Earriilv ; as well as to conduct the more immediate 'business of liis
department ^ ^ ¦> ¦ ' - ' - •¦ ' " ¦ •¦ " ' ¦¦ ¦ " "' " ¦• • - " : Next + o the ^ Chief Commissioner is a Judicial andk ' Fimncial Commissioner , each receiving * : 42 € 0 £ t * * jsear ^ who primarily exercise aisupervisttng . authorityjin : the ^ departments of Civil , Judicature * Bolice * and Be venue- The Reiner is charged * w&b the direction , andson- ? tgohqf 4 h ^«^» aiHi 8 ti »* io » of civil and criminal iustice , and is the ultimate , judge in all cases
oj ^ judiciaJL c ^ arac ^ er , buj ; without ; povver to p ^ s a oapital ^ pn ^ n ^ . ; The latter exercises i ^ his pvs ; n . person , nearly all the . duties that d 6 y ^ iye / , qii ^ t ^' . ^ i'f l 4 u . ?! ^ Bpardpf . Revenue in fiie / no ^ h ^ estern ^ proviiices . , All questions connected withreYenue *; surveys , an ^ 4 se ttleinenfc' ^ geheratl y ^ ' with' stamps / exci se , and pi&nsiojis , bfeldng likewise to his department , thbugn the tqore ' important points' he is expected' to stibrriifr for the decision of the Chief Cotiunissloner .
'' ^ Afte * the&e two superior officers come four Commissioners of Divisions ,- « t- salaries of 3 &O 0 £ - >« eiM 5 Uy who" combine ' Ifoe -foncttons of < 2 oiMimsBionera of Bwentte , ' ^ Sessions Judges-, fflo A ' -SttpewoteiBieiits of Police , in their -ret ' spective dastjpicfca ^ or ndiviai 0 ne . Subondmat © i ^ n ^ he ^ x ConianaaipneFS are : twelve ; Deputy € ^ t 3 BiWo ^^ B / d ^ wmg £ ^ m 12 Q 0 & to 1800 / . ; pm : i ^ nttUin ,:,, Subject -, / tq .. yfchjefle , . again- ore eighteen Assistants , at from 600 / . to 840 / . a ^ yeari , / . ^ d ^ 4 a ^ ljfi , ejghteen ,, E £ tea ,, Ase / fr . £ rats ^ o # e . nanteft j Beryls / ; yes , t ; ed with , # « L # ^ 8 ^ q ^ , i Si ?^ a !> i-PP wei : s , ^ nd % 9 PB ^ % ^ OT ^ s » t ^^ SBW -P . SPu * - r
, » ir » Ti ^ rhT » nn « rhnin-. xlm -TnniJiTi Rmnire . . These last are subdivided into three grades : three drawing 720 / . a year , sixJt 8 Q £ « . and . nine only . W * ( te MM °% HJh $ ^ 9 m . ' . ^ JWM : ww Btyffl Mmt ^^ mwmMvr nasrement oi the Police and the administratiqn or ., cr iminal . justice an Imeknow ^ and m ^ , W 8 ^ Mma te tp ' t'ri Q ' mp u' £ y ' , Con ^ nftJionerW ^ % h ^ e ' ^ s M ^ & . ' 'M Wot as fefrcumsta ^^ Vll' ^ r ^ W ; W' InspetitB ^' of € ^ s ^ ill ^» ^^^ , ' WMr w -m Btt Mk 6 ^ tta SbperMterMeAtf ' -of ( ( UhartiJabl ^ " ! Dis [) ebsarifc ? s / aflttiiriAl * and f fefoat liberal ittst * tut ? ons . ^ IThe ¦
uhpoirrtirtfellH df > tli < wittfflirier ^ sllth « lefc a ' Urgent that the present gaols are merely temporary . Wli « ri ' -tlfe Bfep ^ rtm ' ent of Pubhc "Works liaa h § m mmw ^ w &Mmhwto ww * w > # » , fr cwritB&li g * oli *« ,. * o ^ bft eqnstruxjfcedjafc XfWjkwcjw dojMdjiei j of j < aodolnraodating >< ¦ ¦ tWo ' thousand }» teowA : 8 , tieiiaes ii stoto ller '' 6 he at the Suddut SMirfS ^^ tfolfHh ' et toW ' . distrpy . AaA WBflEMy ^ fflR < mg ^ nAn ^ it « e , < duties ,, of , thp ; offioa ^ 'tofdAudib nndtj iAicoount are to be diafor
c ^ av ^ d' by'th 6 ' oii ^ tinc ^ d epnrtmefnt ' that iJifc'uil& ? ilifc >'/ I 4 . VJ'Wi' 3 " ' i ' ' ^»' "' "'' ' ' ' ¦ : ' ' ' ¦• •"'"¦' "VfttMyStf . jfJfC ^ fi » na ' i-io \) l . i t'i \ . f / j ! ' 'ii't , Vi" ' ¦• ¦• ' ' ' V o ^ ifflSMBKfpiK ! WQ iRBWWH »^ J / flf t )? e new radn n » iufkU ) %% ^ , vwbioK * . muus ^ ba Adinitited , ia Bin ^ ularly simple for the government of "five R > w ! ttH ^ -ur " ' ^^ . < 4 ^ -- ' ^ 6 y ^ 't 6 bo sufficient by £ he eitt&Ke&So ' atfordecT by the IHiniftft ) K ' ' " ^ v . Tin . iiil in \ rti , \ -. ' j n ' t if , i . >/ i ; •<¦ « oAiOT ^^^^^ flWW ^ ttW * . ^ , fu »^ er ^ o . h , e QRgmu » 0 a < iwiUi > . nWit litble , ! d « lay Mft poaaibla . But unAilj «; prolesbtonal-and regular ifi » ld survey can be made , a summary settlement of
the land revenue is unavoidable . In order to gain time , therefore , the first term of settlement is fixed for three years from the 1 st of the current month . According to the Governor-Crenerars instructions , the assessments ,, though founded on paBt collections , are to be as moderate as possible , to enable the wretched inhabitants to recover from the effects of long-endured oppression- It is also expressly enjoined upon the revenue officers to deal with the actual occupants of the soil . _ •» .. ____ _ T _ T _ T J J- ^ .
or with proprietary coparcenaries , and not to suffer the interposition of middlemen . All grants of rent-free lands are to be upheld and renewed , when proved to have been issued from the proper authority ; but rent-free holdings are to be terminated before a prescriptive right can be established . The landtax is levied oh a system intermediate between those which prevail'in the north-western provinces and the Punjab , and admirably suited to the circumstances of Oude . All
disputes as to fiscal proceedings and rights in the soil iare to be referred to the Settlement officers alone ; all proprietary and accessory rights inland beingiexpressly excluded from the jurisdiction of the Civil Courts . In other words , the Fiscal and Civil Departments are very properly tp be kept separate , and independent of one . another . It is well Jmown that the revenue in India is mainly derived from a tax upon land . A considerable amount , however ,
is also raisecf by means of the Abkaree , or excise upon fermented liquors and intoxicating drugs , and from the obligatory use of stdmpgp paper in official proceedings : this latter duty , however , is certainly unpopular and-perhaps unwise . For municipal , poliee , conservaiicy , and other local purposes / provision is ihade by a moderate seale of town'duties and a toll upon ferries ; while an additional tax of one per cent , on the hind covers all expenses of making and repairing roads . , ;
jii . 8 , the . Civil Courts in the older provinces are admitted to : be obnoxious to the people bjecau ^ e of thentardiaiess of their proceedings and ,, the , ( uninfcelljgible technicalities , with wlych , they arye , burdened , it has been determinqd to introduce ' .. the system so successful ^ . ib ^; pu ' iiia ^ , a ^ , beipg more simple and consequenfjlyless productive pf . litigation . Due regard , however , ' will be paid to local customs and nsuere aa respects inheritance , marriage ,
aj ^ ujWi'y / j diyorce , wills , legacies adoption , commercial transactions , and other fruits of ciVilizaiion . Hereafter , at no very distant period ; it ; jriay be both possible and expedient to repast ' the Kules of La \ V and Procedure * . ' In tire adlniiiistr ' atibn of civil justice the oia-fasliioiiGd Moonsiffd are superseded by Teliseeld ' ars , an innovation " that ¦ has worked exceedingly well in the Punjab . In theses courts nd Vakeels , or agents , are allowed to be employed ^ but' the ' litigants ; nvueb appear fpr theuiselycS ) . and be confronted and ex-! jamuied , iii ' pcfi-apn . The great object iu this
ia , ' . to effect anainicable settjlenient of disputes by arbitration . Teh 8 eei < hy-a . , ar . o also effir jpp ^ yered to try petty criminal cases in order itpsaVo , the pppr from the necessity of travelling ,, to a aistance from , their homes . The deoitrioiis of the Tehseeldars , however , are subject to revision by , the Bisfcrict Officers , eVen th ^ g li no appeal should bo made . ' ., ' Th p l olice is to % Q put on , a very effective
Pensions and gratuities are granted on a most liberal scale to deserving persons of the ex-King's civil and military establishments , who are unable , though willing , to take employment under the British Government . It is also strongly recommended that the internal administration of the country shall be placed as much as possible in the hands of natives in preference to strangers from the other provinces . And the Chief Commissioner is emphatically reminded that the British Government is pledged to make ample provision for the improvement of the country :-:
—" It will , therefore , be the duty of every officer not only to develop , as much as possible , the resources of thie country in agriculture and manufacture , but to record the results of- his experience and observation , so that , within a short time , a body of information may be accumulated , which will show the real yalue of the provinces , the occupation of which lias been forced upon the Government . Trade Should be protected , ' enconraged , and fosteredby . every means-: attention should be given at an early period to the improvement of existing
communications and the construction of new lines ; means should be taken for ' the efficient protection of traffic from lawless Violence , < as well' aa . from unlicensed extortion . The practicability of extending irrigation , by means of canals , may form the subject of inquiry and consideration ; and ' the introduction of valuable products may very well claim your early attention . The Governor-General in council , you may reat assured , will be prepared to encourage all feasible schemes for the improvement of the country , so far as the means available in men and money will permit ;"
Tomb ok Wilxjam Cobbett .: —Over the slab which has hitherto covered the grave of William Cobbett , in the churchyard of Farnham , Surrey , a tomb has just been erected by Mr . TliomaB Milnos , the sculptor who executed the statue of Kelson recently put up in Norwich . The tonib is made of a durable stone , from the quarry at Roch Abbey , tn Yorkshire . It stands near the porch of the church , isiof solid workmanship , oblong in fprm , a , nd in style following thp plainest old English architecture . On one panel the inscription , copied from the slab ; is : " ivilliafn Cobbett , Son of George and Anne Cobbett ; bor * m the Parish lifFamham , % th of March ,
17 iG 2 u EiiiUted into the bMJi Itoffimeue of Foot in 1784 , of which Regiment fie became Strgeant-Major in 178 «> , «» rf obtained his dUcharae in I 7 l ) lr In' 1794 he became a PdKtical Writer . Ih 1802 id ( is returned to Pnrltiiment fir the Borough of Oldltam , and represented tt Ml hit death , which took place at Normandy Farm , w the adhAnin . j Parish of Ash , on 18 th of June , 1835 . On the panel opposite : " Anne Cobbett , Daughter of Thomas and Annv lteid , and Wife of William Cobbett ; born at Chatham , 28 th of March , 1774 . Married- at Woolwtch , f > t h of February , 1792 , Died in London , IQth of Ju % mile of
1848 . " Farnham Church ia within a WaverJey Abbey , and of Moor Park ( orico the residence of b » r William Temple ) , and about two mile * from Alderahott . Cabio ov Ak ^ hokaco ^ t DjMUSON .-r-It was expected that his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury would sic in the Common-hall , tioctora ' -ebftimons / on Tuesday ,, w hoar the case of " Ditcher v . Denlnon . " The Admiralty Advocate appeared on behalf of the Archdeacon , who was cited to be present at eleven o ' clock , but , ««<« waiting upwards of an hour , and his Grace not arriving , the learned Advocate withdrew , remarking that he m"Ht acton the legal presumption that the proceedings aga """
fpotjng . nNot only is the Kural , rOIice rooi-ganized , and a District or Detective Police being formed , but a Military Police Force is being raised , to consist of three battalions , ' dfccii ^ $ 00 strong under the' orders of an ip ' fljlcqr fltiyJcd , Superintendent of Military 1 Police , an d ¦ ¦ three Commandants . The peculiar duty of . this force is to suppress gaiigrobbery , to mount guard over gaols and local
treasuries ? and tbj . overawe large towns and other turbulent localities . The right of punishing these men is vested solely in the Superintendent , who is responsible to the Chief Commissioner alone ; but the different detachments are at the disposal of the Com - missioner or Deputy-Commissioner of the district . The late Oude Frontier Police ia already merged in this force , which will be completed by volunteers from the ex-Kind ' s army . And further , to avert the evil con-J ^ . _ ~ J * 'J- ' . * ' _ _ _ 1
sequences certain to result from turning loose upon society a licentious and disorderly soldiery , an Irregular Force is being organized on the plan that obtains in the Punjab . This force will consist of eight regiments of infantry and three of cavalry , three horse field-batteries , and one reserve company of artillery , under the command of a Brigadier , with three European officers to each re » imerit .
hi * client wcr , o abandoned . , ,. . . , Siu Jamics Mjticic , the well-known atutiatician m tno Commissariat Deportment , ' dle ' d a few days since in tno seventy-ninth year of his age .
Untitled Article
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), May 31, 1856, page 520, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2143/page/16/
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