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Routledge , Newbridge Brass'Foundry . 'The - apparatus , which is of most simple construction , consists of an elbow pipe connecting the furnace with the side flue , and is fixed just below the water level in the boiler , but maybe fixed at any elevati pn , ~ or inuny position requisite , and can be applied to any kind of boiler , as an opening into a aide or centre flue is all that is required . This pipe is perforated with a number of holes , about half an inch diameter , so placed as to be subject to the immediate action of the furnace fire . In these holes are metal plugs , more or less fusible , according to the working pressure of the boiler . The moment the water in the boiler , from neglect or otherwise , is below the level , and leaves this pipe bare , the heat from the furnace acts upon the plugs , which melt , and the steam escaping through the holes , immediately relieves the pressure on the boiler , and in a short time extinguishes the furnace fire . The experiments were highly successful .
America and Enoland . —The Liverpool Reform Association has sent a friendly rejoinder to the answer of the mayor and citizens of Philadelphia to the addresses from Liverpool and Manchester on the subject of war between America and England . The rejoinder expresses the most amicable feelings , laments the evils of secret diplomacy , and points out the necessity of abolishing resident ministers of state in foreign countries , as being " intriguers at the best , and too often nothing better than spies vested with official immunity . " The Eecext Storms . —Extraordinary accounts are published in the Wakefield Journal of the devastating
effects of the violent hail , thunder , and lightning storm which passed over the neighbourhood of Wakefield on the 23 rd of July . Though rather out of date by this time , the details are of sufficient interest to bear repetition . The storm , though extremely heavy , was very narrow in its operation . Several fields of corn were completely destroyed , a large amount of glass was broken , whole limbs were torn from the trees , and the country presented a desolated appearance . "A field of wheat near the tollbar , on the right-hand side of the road from Wakefield to Doncaster , affords an excellent illustration of the law of hailstorms . The bulk of the field is
unaffected by the storm , showing clearly that it was beyond the limit of the hail in that direction ; but the corner pointing towards Badsworth Church happened to be within the limit , and the effect of the hail across that corner is distinctly visible . The wheat is damaged for twenty or thirty yards into the field . The breadth of the storm at Badsworth -was about a mile and a tenth . From Badsworth to Thorpe , the ravages of the storm are everywhere visible . Corn crops are thrashed in the field , and the ears cut off from the stalks . An orchard at Thorpe is as black as if it had been enveloped for a minute or two in a sheet of flame . A gentleman named
Seaton , residing at Wentbridge , was sitting with his family at table when the storm came on . In a few moments most of the glass in the front of his house waa broken ; masses of ice went through the panes with such rapidity as not even to splinter them , cutting out holes as cleanly as ritle bullets . A decanter three-parts full of wine was knocked oil' the table , the wine-glasses were broken , and the table was indented in many places . The stone walls of this gentleman ' s buildings are pitted all over with holes made by the hail , for the most part larger than would be made by firing swan shot at them . Mr . Seaton states that five or six buckets of ice were
gathered up in his dining-rooin . A person living at Wentbridge was about a mile and a quarter from home , at right angles to the storm ' s path , when the storm occurred . With two or three other persons , ho took shelter in a turnip-field from the rain . There was no hail whero he was , but so strong a wind set in , blowing at right angles to the storm path , that the turnips were lifted up out of the ground above an inch . " A Mysterious Fire . —A strange story comes to us from Bedford , where fire has suddenly burst forth from various parts of a house , without ( except in the first instance ) any apparent cause . Articles thrown down
upon the floor instantaneously kindled ; the damp towels on the horae in a bedroom ignited ; a handkerchief placed on a sofa burst into flnmo ; a box containing articles of apparel waa found suddenly alight ; smoko issued from cupboards , from drawers , from unopened boxes ; the very furniture appeared to be charged with some mysterious self-igniting gns . This house was fieveral times in flames ; but each tinio the conflagration was stopped in the bud . A jury was summoned to inquire into these strange facts ; and the only apparent mode of accounting for them lny in the circumstance that , a few days before the first ( ire , nonic brimstone and chnrcoal had been burnt in one of the rooms to rid tho houfio of vermin . It
was shown that a portion of the sulphurous fluid escaped on to tho / loor , and act lire to it ; and i ( , way . suggested by soveral scientific men that the house had bccouio charged with sulphurous fumes and charcoal gns , which took firo , in noino cases by moans of electricity , in others by friction . ! Tho verdict of tho jury , hh regard *) tho first iiro , was " Accidental , " , as regards the rest , tho verdict wuh open . —[ Query : has another hoax been played oiF upon tho daily press in this Htrnngo story ? How is it wo never henr of thcuo romancos in " tho Pnr-Hamcntary BoaHon , and that wo always do hear of' them when news iff alack and dull ? l
A Disappointment at Bath . — A correspondent writing from Bath , on tho Kith hint ., siiyn : — . " All Bath waa thrown into a ludicrous stato of excitement
yesterday by the sudden announcement that the Queen was expected at one o ' clock . How long will she stay ? Where will she go ? What will she think of the new fountain ? Will the Hanoverian band play God Save the Queen at the station ? Should the clubs turn out with banners and drums ? Up went St . George ' s banner , broad and gay , at the Abbey—bunting fluttered at the corner of every street visible from the station—several hundreds of Sundaj' dresses strutted or wriggled down to the railway—little boys rehearsed their shrill hooray ! little girls put their hair straightand jerked their bonnet forward—the clergy brushed their coats and lengthened their visages—the Mayor practised walking backwards for an hour by St . Michael ' s clock , to the peril of the drawing-room furniture and of his wife's nerves—many a boiling of preserves was spoiled , as
the good housewife hurried away to ' clean herself and look a bit tidy . ' Suddenly the bells rang out as when the demon steed of Michael Scot smote the pavement with his hoof , and all the steeples of Paris shook . The Royal Train was in sight . The Mayor , the Clergy , the Fashion , and the Beauty stood , metaphorically at least , on tiptoe . The Royal Train entered the Station—the Royal Train slackened its speed—the Royal Train passed through the Station—the Royal Train quickened its speed—the Royal Train was out of sight—before a hat could be raised , or a shout uttered . There stood the Mayor and Co ., fairly dumbfounded . One gaunt lady , indeed , pretended that she saw her Majesty ' s bonnet , and part of Prince Albert ' s face . But nobody believed her . She was no doubt a very ill-natured and invidious person , and wanted to make others miserable by proclaiming her own superior good fortune . "
Transportation . —The select committee of the House of Lords have reported to the effect that a continuance Of the system of transportation to some colony or colonies -would be highly desirable , provided the system could be carried on with advantage to the colony and with satisfaction to the colonists . The committee call the attention of Government , in the event of a new convict settlement being formed , to the northern portion of Australia , and more especially to the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria and the adjacent islands . Among existing colonies , Western Australia seems to offer the only field for the continuance of transportation ; but the committee suggest that a return should immediately be made to the lately abandoned principle of selecting the
convicts . A Methodist Sin . —Dancing and card-playing , it seems , have become common of late years among sundry backsliding Methodists . At the last sitting of the Manchester Conference , the question was brought before the notice of the reverend councillors ; and , after many groans of horror had been vented , it was resolved to " improve "—that is to say , to render more strict—the wording of the rule which prohibits all such worldly amusements . Gales in tite Channel . —Dover was visited on " Wednesday night by a fearfully heavy gale of wind from
the south-west , which caused considerable damage to the railway station , and some slight injury to the new works of the haTbonr of refuge , where large blocks of granite were wrenched from their places . Some poor fishermen have also suffered loss by the destruction of their boats on the beach . —A severe gale also visited the Sussex coast , extending eastward from Brighton during the early part of the night of Wednesday . The storm occasioned a vast amount of damage to small shipping , and the loss of eight lives . Many thousands tons of shingle have been washed away , and some injury was done to the Chain Pier , tho lower platform being washed up together with portions of the lower railings .
Lord John RirssrcLr , arrived with hia family on tne ] 2 th instant at Vevay . He will probably return to England about the close of next February , or at any rate before Easter . Tine Colmtcuy Explosion near Olpbuht . —Two inquests have been held on the bodies of the men who were killed by tho explosion on Wednesday week at Lord Ward ' s Kamrod Hall Colliery . The evidence , as far ns it hnsyct gone , seems to show that tho pit was not properly ventilated , and that the men were culpably careless , on the ; morning of tho accident , in not taking their safety lamps down with them .
Dovk ani > -TUK Wizard Harrison . —Tho astrologer and wizard Harrison Iihh addressed a long letter to the editors of tho Lactls Mercury in vindication of his conduct with reference to Dove . IIo says : — "A more scandalous , unsatisfactory , and impudent Htntemcnt never npponred in print than that which came out in your Tuesday ' s impression . It appears to me , and to hundreds moro in this town , that Dovo ' h villanotiH habit of lying followed him oven to his prison , and to tho scaflbld . . . . Gentlemen , it will be of no use mo attempting to deny any one particular Htatemont made
by that profligate mid unfeeling criminal , ixh I declnro to you , upon my honour , that there in scarcely a sentence of it true ; und what is trnc is told in such a raving , incoherent manner , that tho public—ny , tho public—hnvo seen the folly of publishing it , find that same discerning public declare ' that tho document ought not to havts boon put into print . '" Hnrrison prays Mod to help any man who might have dealings with mich a profligate as l ) ovc , nnd concludes with this prodigious picco of selfglorification : — " I am preparing for the press a sonicthing which will alter your opinion , and the opinions of
those of the London press as veil , ; I hope , and something which will prove to my countrymen . that Henry Harrison is , and will continue to be , not an impostor , but & real benefactor of his species . " Railway Sleepers . —Some interesting experiments were made on Monday on the premises' of the Permanent Way Company , Great George-street , Westminster , showing the operation of Dr . Boucherie ' s patent process for preserving timber sleepers from decay . The effect of the process is first to expel the sap , and then all . the pores of the timber with a preservative solution . Madeira . —The cholera is beginning to abate ; but the mortality up to the present point has been very considerable .
Health of London . —The inhabitants of London are not in an average state of health . 1250 deaths were registered in the week that ended August 16 , whereas the corrected average of the corresponding eight weeks of previous years , when cholera was not epidemic , is 1127 . In the second week of August , 1849 and 1854 , cholera was epidemic , and the deaths amounted to 2230 and 1833 . Summer cholera now prevails to a slight extent , and was fatal in 22 cases ; diarrhoea was fatal in 253 cases . 242 children died of these diseases under the age of 10 ; 11 of the adults were under 60 years , and 22 were 60 years of age and upwards . Of 1250 persons of the various stated ages , 760 were under 20
years of age ; 150 were of the age 20-40 , 145 were 40-60 ; 156 were 60-80 ; 39 only were of the age of 80 and upwards . 620 of the persons whose career was cut short under 60 years of age died either of zymotic diseases or of diseases of the respiratory organs and consumption . These diseases are natural to man , but their ravages are greatly aggravated by the physical impurities of the atmosphere seen from a distance hanging in a cloud over London . —During the week , the births of 793 boys and 782 girls , in all 1575 children , were registered in London . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1846—55 , the average Dumber wasj 1427 . —From t 7 t Reaistrar-GeneraVs Weekly Return .
The Cyjiiier Colliery Explosion . —The protracted inquest on the bodies of the men killed hi this awful catastrophe still continues ; and instances are constantly corning out of the singular recklessness of the men . One of the witnesses , William Morgan , a collier , said that , on the Friday before the explosion , " my stepson , who has since been killed , called my attention to the fact that there was no air , the candle not moving in the air-way . I took the candle in my hand and examined the stall . The air was very bad , and there was a cap on the candle of from an inch to an inch and a half in length . This was on the same morning . The flame of the candle did not move , there not being the slightest air there . I went back with my candle , buttoned my jacket over my head , to enclose a portion of the air , and put the boys to stand back . I then went very cautiously
to the face of the work to examine whether there was a danger-mark there . I reduced the flame of my candle down to one thread of the wick , but the cap did not at all decrease ; the colour of the cap was red . Having proceeded to the face , I held the candle up to the top , but it would not catch . "—The Coroner : " What , did you want to set the place on fire ?"—Witness : " No , to try - it with my candle ; in that way there was no danger in my opinion . It is frequently done . When I went to the face of the coal I found no mark of the fireman having been there . I had no ticket . My mark was a shovel or mandrel ; there was nothing there then . I did not complain about the gas . " Surprise having been expressed at this omission , the witness stated that , sinco the last strike , the men did not like to contain . Ho was afraid ho should have been turned off had he
done so . iNTliUESTINO DlHCOVKUY AT GUILDHALL . The WOrkvnen engaged in making the improvements at Guildhall , ¦ while removing , on Tuesday , a portion of the wall on the south Hide , disclosed a Gothic window in tho old wall . It has been closed ever since tho Great Fire of London , nearly two hundred years ago . Uamijoozlino this Pai'kus . —Three hoaxas , in the shape of false intelligence of murder , rape , &o ., have been pushed on somo of our daily contemporaries during tho present week . The Times suggests that all tho editors must be " out of town , " or the bamboozling would not bo mo successfully carried on . In tho same page of tho sumo day ' s Times , a ludicrous mistake as regards ono of their own correspondents id made in the course of a leading article , where u Mr . Aytoun is turned into the well-known ProfianHor Aytoun .
This Royal Family ok Oumcand suite havo arrived ut Southampton . This Royal Victoria Yacht Ci . ijh Rkuatta took place on Tiuwday , when tho Thought , owned by Mr . G . Coope , won tho prize for cutter * , boating tho ExtraTaganzu ( Sir Percy Shelloy ) , which won Prince Albert's cup at Cowcs , by tea luinutoa . —Tho lloyal Thainos National Regatta commenced on tho « amo day , when uovoral exciting matches worn utoutly contested , uud tho banks of tho river from Putney to Chiswick wcro crowded with spectators , notwithstanding the rain , which obliged them to stand all day u under ¦ tho slmdo of melancholy" umbrellas .
St . Panurab Wokkhouhk . —A communication from tho Poor-law Hoard waa road at a meotiutf on Tuesday of tho directors und guardians of tho poor of St . Pancraa . It waa to tho effect that , although aoino iinprovomonta
Untitled Article
August 23 , 1856 . ] T H E L E A D E R . ^ 803
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 23, 1856, page 803, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2155/page/11/
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