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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The four brigands who attacked and pillaged the diligence between Bologna and Ferraia , on the night of the 2 oth of last July , have been tried by an Austrian courtmartial , and shot . The Paris correspondent of the Morning Post denies the accuracy of the reply of the Neapolitan Government to the remonstrances of France , as given by the Cologne Gazette , and repeated in the columns of this journal last week . It must be borne in mind , however , that the Post is not generally very reliably informed on such matters . A horrible story is told in a letter from Naples in the Correspondance Italienne , which says that on the 7 th of August , the anniversary of St . Gaetano , while the king ' s carriage , escorted by his bod j' guards and hussars , was passing the corner of the Via Santa Brig ida in the Via di Toledo , returning from the church , two of the horses slipped and fell . The police and the soldiers were
engaged in getting them up , when , taking advantage of this interruption , a lame man , leaning upon a staff" and . respectably dressed , approached the carriage , handed a ¦ written petition to the king , and began to speak to his majesty in a low tone of voice . An officer of the guard saw this ran with drawn sword against the unfortunate petitioner , and inflicted a wound upon him ; other officers followed the example , and the cripple tried in vain to ward off their blows . When he was about to sink beneath their assault , he cried out to the king , * ' Ferdinand ! they are assassinating me before your eyes ! Remember this ! " The king was terrified by this appeal , and called out to the officers , " Let him have his life . " Immediately afterwards , the horses having been raised , the carriage went on at full gallop . The same shocking scene is described in another letter from Naples , written to the Corrlere di Malta , which adds that the poor man was mortally wounded .
Sardinia is busily engaged arming and making warlike preparations . " It is , I believe , positive" says the Times Naples correspondent , " that about the end of last month an intimation was given to some of the diplomatic body that a partial amnesty would be granted , though no names were given , and it was said that his Majesty was very unwilling that any names should transpire . It was , however , the almost universal persuasion in high quarters , ¦ where alone these facts were known , that the amnesty "would not embrace more than ten , and those not persons of any great note . As to changes of importance , expect none . " Poerio has again been attacked with his malady in the chest , and the paraly tic prisoner , Pironti , has been in the hospital .
SPAIN . Prince Adalbert arrived at Madrid on the 21 st inst . The Gazette publishes decrees dismissing seven governors of provinces and naming others in their place . It also publishes the decree definitively disbanding the National Guard . The Government will render an account of this measure to the Cortes at its next session . The Espana of Madrid says that the question of the recognition of the Queen by Russia not being yet settled , it is probable that no Spanish ambassador will be present at the coronation of the Czar . It is stated that Marshal Narvaez is about to receive a passport authorizing him to reside in any part cf Spain he mav think fit .
An English gentleman , writing to the Daily News , says : — " Having been for some years attached to a Government office of Spain , and having conversed with some of her notabilities , I have arrived at the conclusion that the great curse of that country is her system of ' Empleados . ' All who are averse to regular industry , who have , or fancy they have the smallest interest ' nt court , ' trim their sails for Government emplo 3 . That obtained , the luck } ' individual , on being removed , after however short a tenure of office , has a right to what is
called ' cesantin , that is , a pension , with tho proviso that tho sovereign will ngain make use of his services when an opportunity occurs . lie is then put on the non-active lint . Now , on n change of ministry in ? Spain , not only are the ministers displaced , not onl y ' the lieud * of departments arc romoved , but every single employe ' , from tho chief clerks down to tho humblest 2 > ortor , i . s sent to the right-about . Talent has no exemption , patriotism is not proof ngitinst it , length of sorvicu counts for nothing . "
" It hart been decided , " anyn a correspondent of the Paris Difbats , " to return to tho constitution of 18-15 , modified in some respects , nnd completed by an additional act intended to fortify the authority of tho throno , and to guarantee to the Spanish people the possession nnd enjoyment of . their rights . It is probablo that a new Cortes will bo shortly convoked , in order solely to deliberate upon a project of this kind presented in tho nntnn of the < iueon . It is suid that tho Cortes will bo
composed of a single assembly ; that tho members of thiN assembly will bo elected by colleger framed according to a combination of the regulations adopted in 18 . J 7 , 1 H 4 . 5 , and 1 85 ( 5 ; that the elections will bo by district and not by province , and that each college will elect its doputy . " Tho correspondent goes on to atuto that this nc : hemo in duo more especially to M . Rlos Rosas , but that tho rest of tho ministers agreed to It without difficulty . Tho same writer ussorts that the indignation of M . Rosas had been excited by tho eflortu which aro boing made by puraona
in the confidence of the Queen to induce her to break altogether with the constitutional regime . The former Governor of Gerona , General Felipe Ruiz , has publicly denied , in the most formal manner , having escaped into France with two mules laden with money . The Government is anxidus to renew friendly relations with the Holy See . The situation of the province of Cordova is truly deplorable . Every day incendiary fires take place in the rural districts ; and the authorities , notwithstanding their exertions to arrest the evil-doers and punish the incendiaries , have not yet been able to apprehend one of them . Mes 6 srs . Bravo Murillo and Gonzales Romero , former Ministers , have obtained , leave to return to Spain , and are to reside some time in the Basque Provinces . M . Manuel Bertran-de-Lys is expected at Madrid .
General Zapatero , Captain-General of Barcelona , has issued a bando dissolving all associations existing between manufacturers and between operatives throughout Catalonia . One hundred and eighty-seven individuals , condemned to serve in the colonies on account of their participation in the last revolt , have been embarked at Barcelona for the Havanuah . The Spanish Government has recalled its Minister at Mexico .
GCEECE . The King of Greece arrived at Darmstadt on the 19 th instant , from Ludevigshof , in company with the Dowager-Empress Caroline of Austria . Their Majesties are on a visit to the Court of Hesse .
TURKEY . The lighthouse apparatus which is to be erected on the Isle of Serpents was sent off from Paris on the 21 st instant . It is said that an answer has been received from Russia respecting the dispute about the town of Bolgrad , which holds out hopes that the Russians will give way in the matter , and cede Bolgrad . The Government has just published a project for an Imperial Ottoman Bank , the company to be composed of native and foreign shareholders . " The active capital of the bank will be in the beginning 3 , 300 , 000 medjidics , or 3 , 000 , 000 / . sterling . When the Ottoman Government or the bank may feel the necessity of augmenting this
capital , the Government and the bank will fix . by mutual consent the sum for which new shares will be issued . The founders will have to subscribe at least 20 per cent . of the 3 , 000 , 000 / . sterling which is to form the capital of the bank , and they will have to deposit 20 per ceut . of this subscription as a guarantee in the Bank of Englaud or France . The bank will at no time , and in no manner , lend money to the Imperial Government or to any branch of the Administration . The Imperial Government will have to withdraw from circulation all its paper money , and will never again put into circulation paper money , whether bearing interest or not . The Imperial
Government will likewise have to alter its monetary system , which will never be altered afterwards . It will never give to any bank either in Constantinople or in the provinces the right to issue bank-notes . " To make up for the loss occasioned b } ' the withdrawals just indicated , the Imperial Government " will entrust the founders of the bank with the raising of a loan in Europe by commission for Government account , and for the sum which it will want for this purpose . " The loan will be for 5 , 000 , 000 / . sterling ; it will be issued at 'JO , and the Government will pay iivc per cent , interest on it , and one per cent , for a sinking fund . Tho bank will have a privilege for livc-and-twenty years .
M . do Boutanicir , the Russian Ambassador , arrived at Constantinople on the l'Jth . He landed at BuyukderJ Mohammed Kepresli Pacha was to leave on the 21 st for Moscow . The Russians have not yet evacuated Boucorn , Buyazid , ftn ^ the environs of that town . The Russians completely ^ vucuuted Kara on tho 'lth of August . The fortifications of that p lace have been loft intact , except two fortH which have boon destroyed . The Russians have blown up tho fortress of Tultchu , on the Danube . The captain of the English ship Medina , coining from the Danube , speaks of a rumour that the town of Tultcha hud shared the futo of the fortress . Franco has given 120 , 000 fr . towards the restoration of tho Russian Embassy at Constantinople , which the French used us an hospital during the war .
it is denied by tho writer of a letter from Ismail , in the Star of tho J ) amibe , a Jnssy paper , that the ' fortiiications' of Rcni wore destroyed by tho Russians . lie bases bin denial on this suilkiunt reason , if his statement be truo—that Rcni never hud any fortifications at all . He admits , however , that the fortiiicatioiiM and barrackH of Ismail have boon demolished .
THIS DANUII 1 AN lMUNOirAI-lTIKN . During tho , occupation of tho Dunubian Provinces by tho Au . striaiiH , ono hundred officers of the corps of ' geographical engineers , ' assisted by aovoral foreign officers , wero charged to make tho trigonometrical survey of those provinces . The surveys tend to hIiow tho importance of the territorial concession inwlo by Russia . In execution of tho Treaty of Puris of tho i ) 0 th of Murch last , that power restores to Moldavia a part of liessurabia , which comprises 1 , 125 , 000 superficial hccUrca ( the hectare in noarly two uomi und a huh' ) .
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QU 1 ET 1 NG POWDERS . The trial of Betsy M'Mullun , for tho wilful murder of lu-r husband at llollon , on the 2 nd of July , took place ut Liverpool on Friday week . Tho cow was singular , us exhibiting a custom very prevalent at Uolton among women who liavo drunken husbands . Such was tbe case with Botsy M'Mullnn ; nnd she administered to the deceased ( who was u flour deulor ) some powders procurable ut chemists ' shopsin Molton under tho name of ' quietnesa , nnd which consist of antimony and cream of tartar . This wub dono several times , and the man died , lue poison appears to linvo boon mixed with his food ; and it also camo out that the man and his wii ' o , who wero both intemperate , had been in the habit of quarrelling ; on ono of which occasions the woman throw a carvings knifo and a rolling-pin ut hor husbund . M'Mullun was irritated with hor for going to a fortune-toiler , auO .
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Amnnv 30 , 1856 . ] T . HB- UAPEE . 823
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THE DARK ARCHES IN THE ADELPHL A very interesting article on one of the disgraces of London—the dark arches on which the streets of the Adelp hi are raised—appears in the I > aily News of Monday . The writer , observes : —" Should any one choose to satisfy his curiosity , he will find matter for strange reflection . After proceeding a few yards down the covered way , there will be nothing before him but thick darkness , although , if he looks back , he may see the-foil tide of human existence in the Strand . In the midst of impenetrable darkness , he is but a few yards from one of the busiest scenes in the world . Let him adventure a little farther , and he will discover that the covered Tvay branches off to the right and left , and that faint gleams
of light occasionally break in from a few openings . Should his curiosity tempt him to penetrate down the dim vistas , we advise him to pause . "W ere he to ramble about unattended , he would run the several risks of losing himself , tumbling on his nose , or being murdered or plundered . There is not the slightest exaggeration in this statement . Let him wait—he will generally have to wait a time long enough to try the most exemplary patience—until a policeman approaches , and then trust himself to his friendly guidance . The danger of losing himself or tumbling on his nose he will soon discover , as the greater part of the journey takes place
in pitchy darkness ; that of being robbed or plundered he will learn from his guide , who will tell him that at one time , before certain of the underground colonies were rooted cut , the police themselves only entered in groups . A policeman alone would have been in danger of his life . The permanent establishments have been expelled , and the only danger now is from the migratory banditti . This danger is not to be considered as small . The visitor may in all probability have ocular testimony of it . Not unfrequently may be seen men or women , singly or in parties , descending from the daylight , about to take up a position , from whence they may pounce upon any unwary traveller who is worth robbing . "
Further on , the writer says : — "The policeman will tell his guest that if a thief who has committed a robberv in the neig hbourhood rushes into the dark arches for concealment , his escape is almost certain . The darkness is so intense , the number of ramifications so great , the holes on the sides of the passages so numerous , that a search is almost futile . And yet the two principal entrances to the place arc in the Strand , the most crowded thoroughfare in London , and York-buildings , a well-built , well-lighted street , leading down to the river . Here are misery and vice rampant in the very midst of luxury and hig h civilization ! As the visitor proceeds farther , he will , if it is early in the morning or late in the evening , find that his precaution of not venturing alone was not unnecessarv . Most of the passages are in
a state of nearly total darkness , but his eye gets accustomed to the gloom , and in those places where the obscurity is jcompletc ho will be assisted by the friendly lucifer . Jmled thus , he will see human beings flitting about , on the whole of whose faces misery has laid an indelible mark . Vice and ferocity are but too evidently expressed on the countenances of many . He is in the midst of a subterranean world , which has lost ull symputby with the world above . Some of the passages are lighted by holes pierced from the roof to the surface of the every-day earth , but the prevailing characteristic is gloom . * The air is murky , and seems an atmosphere fitted for the beings who have made it their dwellingplace . We listen without any surprise to the tales of
women being found in these recesses half eaten up with vermin . It is only the lowest orders of creation who would voluntarily take up their abode there . And yet some have done so , involuntarily , who were as capable as tho hundreds who lived over their heads of taking an honourable part in the duties of life . A literary man of immense attainments , now alive , had for a long time no other home than was afforded to him by these jpretched caverns . He is now usefully and honourably employed ; but in the times we speak of misery made him acquainted with bedfellows who would have plundered him without remorse had he been worth p lundering . Cantabit vncnus viator . Hit empty purso gave him security . "
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OUR CIVILIZATION . 4 *
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 30, 1856, page 823, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2156/page/7/
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