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Leader (1850-1860), 4th October 1856, Edition 1 of 2, Page 940

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      pear the Blackheath Tunnefc The waggons were being shunted across the line ; the train was proceeding at the rate of from twenty to twenty-five miles an hour . Several of the carriages were shattered ; but no lives were lost , although nine of the passengers were severely injured . A poor Irish lad , named Rooney , who ' .-was in the habit of frequenting the stable-yard of the inn at Musselburgh , in Scotland , picking up a precarious livelihood , and sleeping in the vehicles or other shelter at night , has met with a horrible death , similar to that which forms the subject of the ballad of " The Mistletoe Bough . " He had apparently gone into the box of a mail cart to pass the night , and closed upon himself the lid , which fastens-with a self-acting spring . No one ^ residing at hand , his cries and struggles were evidently unheard , bat his agony must have been severe , as it was found that several blood-vessels had burst in his efforts to

      escape his appalling fate . When the box was opened , life was completely extinct . Some men employed in sinking a well at 49 , Rue des Amandiers Popincourt ( says Cralignant ) , complained to their employer , M . Xevez , that at the depth at which they had arrived there was such an intolerable smell they could not continue their labour with safety . He reproached them with being too timid , and , to prove that they were so , caused himself to be let down into the well ; but no sooner had he reached the "bottom-than he felt himself half suffocated by gas , and signalled to be pulled up . The men immediately proceeded to raise him ; but , before le had got halfway up , he was obliged to let go the rope , and he fell to the bottom . He was immediately got out , and a medical manVas summoned ; but death had aireadv ensued .

      An explosion took place at the paper mills of Messrs . Wansborough and Co ., Watchet , Somerset , last Saturday , about seven o'clock in the morning . The pxoprietors had just erected an additional boiler , to act as an auxiliary to the one usually employed , which was not sufficiently powerful to drive the heavy machinery of the works . The second boiler was not anew one , and , before it was fixed , it was feared by some of the workmen employed there that it would not prove strong enough to resist the pressure required to be put upon it . Soon after the workpeople commenced operations on Saturday , their fears were realized . The boiler , weighing- about four tons , was carried into the air to an , immense height , and propelled over a cottage in which a family of children was in bed ; but tie workmen escaped with their lives , though one was driven , about twenty yVfrds by the force of the explosion , and sustained a few bruises . The loss to the owners is estimated at nearly 1000 J .

      The roof of a coal-mine at the Dunkirk Colliery , Guide-bridge , near Ashton-nnder-Lyne , fell on Tuesday upon a number of men at work . There was a fault in the seam of coal at the place , which is three hundred yards from the bottom of the shaft , anU the working of such parts of a mine is always attended with danger , both on account of looseness in the roof and the collection of foul air . Six men were buried under the falling' mass , - which was twelve yards by seven in area , and in some places nine feet thick . By three o ' clock in the afternoon , when a great portion of the fallen earth had been removed , the whole of the six persons wero discovered , one of whom had . not suffered any injury . One man . sustaineda fracture of the leg and a dislocation of the hip . The other four ( who were all young men ) were taken out dead .

      James Beresford , a milkman residing at Woodside , Sheffield , was run over on Monday night by a train on the Midland . railway . One foot was cut off , and the other very much crushed . He was discovered , the following morning by the driver of a passing train , who sent assistance to him , and he was conveyed to the Sheffield Infirmary . Death , ' however , ensued in tho course of a few hours . A porter on the Eastern . Counties Railway has been knocked down by an advancing train while . signaling another train . It seems that the signal-post is dangerously near one of the lines of rail .

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      COKTINENTAL NOTES . '¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦'"' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦ . FRANCE . ... . The bull-fights which the Emperor has been endeavouring to introduce into France have been received by the French people in a spirit which does them honour . According to an excellent leading article in the Dailt / News , in - which the -writer points out the numerous efforts made by Louis Napoleon and the Empress to familiarize the nation with mediaeval forms and customs , the people at one of the recent spectacles " hissed and mobbed the bull-fighters , and the police and soldiery were compelled to interfere , and disperse the assemblage . More than that—some of the people lay in wait for the bull-fighters and their animals nt night , to force away the men and kill the animals . It is clear that the bullfight will never obtain , a footing in France . " Some French officers , it . is said , have been , permitted to take service in the Papal army , which is now being augmented and reformed . A treaty has been concluded between France and Denmark , by which a strip of land in Iceland is ceded to France . The Moniteur de In Flotte contradicts a statement which has been made by several journals , that no more convicts are to "be sent to Cayenne , and that the whole of those now there will be removed to New-Caledonia . " The great distance of the latter from the mother country would , " says the Moniteur de la Flotte , " produce financial impediments to such a step , even it ' no objections existed . ' The Emperor on Monday reviewed at Bayonne the 35 th and 46 th Regiments of the line , recently returned from the Crimea . ¦

      With reference to the Neapolitan question , wo read in the Paris correspondence of the Morning Post : —" The Governments of England and France , desirous , I am informed , of exhausting every chance -which might pievent a hostile demonstration in the Bay of Naples , will not take any final step until they are convinced that the King and Neapolitan Cabinet are determined to brave European opinion and defy England and France . In the course of a day er two , I am . told , the Cabinet * of London and Paris wiU bo in a . position to apply the united policy they have determined to carry out with regard to tho Neapolitan difficulties . " M . de Brunow , tho Russian representative at Paris , had an interview > vitli tho Foreign Minister on Tuesrtny , and presented a note , havipg reference , it is supposed , to tho Neapolitan question . Prince Napoleon has hnd an audience with the King of Denmark , with wliom ho afterwords dined , and then attended tho theatre .

      The truth of tho rumour that tho Countess de Chainbord is enceinte ia denied at Vienna . The statements of M . Louis JJlanc with respect to tlie treatment of the prisoners at Cuycuno have at length boon answered , after a fashion , by tho Momtenr . 'i'he alleged cruelties nr « of course denied by tho ollkiiil writer ; but ho makes tho following awkward mlnii . ssions : —" From tho commencement of the transportation up to tho present moment tho number of individuals .--cut to Cayenne and belonging to theso-cnlled political c . itegory has been 320 , a numbor which , according to tho last return , has boon reduced to 180 ; tlio diminution caused—1 , by numerous escapes ; 2 , by successive liberations ; 3 , hi ) the death of 52 m the apace of four yeava—a number surprisingly small when it is considered that

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      adverting to those principles , seeing that they have never ceased to be our own . We have no wish to do any one of the European Powers the injustice of supposing that they made use at that time of mere words to suit ttfe occasion , and that each of them may think itself authorized , now that the contest is over , in adopting a line of conduct in conformity with its own peculiar interests and calculations . We accuse no one of having used those words solely as a weapon momentarily taken up with a view to extend the seat of war , and which is then laid aside in the dust of the arsenal . " On the contrary , we prefer to believe that all the Power e which recognized these fundamental principles did so with perfect loyalty and entire good faith , and ¦ with the genuine intention of conforming to these principles under all circumstances .

      " Taking this for our starting ; point , - we are bound to presuppose that all the Powers which took part in the last War had , like out august master , the intention of making the general peace serve as a fixed radical point for re-establishing relations based on a respect for the right and independence of Governments . Has this hope been realized ? Do we see the normal state of the international relations re-established ? / 'Without wishing to enter into minute details connected with questions of secondary interest , we are compelled to state , with regret , that there are two countries forming part of the European family , where in one a regular state of . things ' does not yet exist , and in the other it is threatened to be compromised . We wish to speak of Greece and tlie kingdom of Naples .

      we may m . a ago an artificial agitation was organized against us , because our voice was heard whenever we thought it necessary to support right . This action , tutelary for many Governments and for which Russia herself derived no benefit has been laid hold of to a « cuse us of tending to I know notwhtit universal domination . " . might-shelter our silence under 1 he impr « s 3 ion of this souvenir . We do not , however , think that such an attitude befits a power to which Providence las assigned the position that Russia occupies . !

      call to nd that short time of his subjects , and to concentrate on the development of the internal resources of the country anactivity which would not be diverted by things abroad , unless the positive interests of Russia should imperiously demand it " Russia is reproached with isolating herself , and keen vag _ silent in presence of facts which do not accord with either law or equity , and it is said that Russa sulks . Russia does not sulk-she meditates . ( La Husde boude , dit-on . La Rusiie ne bonde pas ; la Xussie Z ?!^ l ^* & «^ « 7 ** & - areaccTsed

      . " This despatch will prove to you that our august master -dees not confino himself to this character when he thinks it his duty to make known his opinion . It will be the same whenever the voice of Russia may be useful to the cause of right , or wh en it will not be for the dignity of the Emperor to let the world remain in ignorance of his views and opinions . As to the employment of our material forces , the Emperor reserves to himself the power of having recourse to them according to his unbiassed judgment . " The policy of our august master is a national one ; it is not egotistical ; and if his Majesty makes the interest of his people paramount , le does not admit that the advancement of those interests can excuse the violation of the rights of others . —You are authorized , &e ., " GORTSCHAKOFF . "

      " As for the occupation of the Hellenic soil , consummated against the will of the sovereign and the feelings of the people , by foreign troops , there is now no longer the slightest reason for prolonging it . Political motives might to a certain extent explain the violence inflicted on the sovereign . The necessities of war , more or less real , might be alleged foi giving a colour to this infringement oh the authority of right . But at this moment , when none of these motives can any longer be invoked , it appears to us impossible to justify before the tribunal of equity the further presence of foreign troops on the soil of Greece . Thus , the first words pronounced by our august master when the re-establishment of peace had enabled tie Emperor , to raise his voice were clear and precise . We have never dissembled our opinion in the Councils of the Cabinets , and we shall continue that course .

      " We consider it our duty , however , to add that , although the results have not fully answered our expectations , we retain a hope that we shall not remain isolated on a ground where right and justice are evidently in favour of the cause which we defend . " As to the kingdom of Naples , if the question is not to find a remedy , it appears to us that it is time to seek a means of prevention . The King of Naples is the object of a pressure , not because his Majesty may have transgressed some of the engagements imposed on him by treaties with foreign courts , but because , in the exercise of his incontestable rights of sovereignty , he governs his subjects as he thinks proper .

      " We can understand that , in consequence-of a friendly foresight , one Government might offer to another advice inspired by kind interest , and that this advice might even assume the character of exhortation , but we think that that is the extreme limit at which it ought to stop . Less than ever is it now permitted in Europe to forget that sovereigns are equals among themselves ; and that it is not extent of territory , but the sanctity of the rights of each , which regulates the relations existing between them . To wish . to obtain from the King of Naples concessions as to the internal administration of his State 3 by threatening demonstrations is to substitute one ' s self by violence in lieu of his authority , is' to wish to govern in his place , is to proclaim without disguise the right of the strong over the weak .

      " It is needless for us to point out to you the opinion that would bo entertained by our august master respecting such pretensions . His Majesty desires to retain the hope that they will not bo put in practice ; and ho is the more strongly imbued with this hope , as it is also the doctrine which tho States where the principles of political liberty are tho most fully developed have always advanced as their essential profession of faith , and , indeed , to such an extent that they have endeavoured to apply this doctrine even where circumstances did not admit of its bciug done , save by a forced interpretation . " You will have the goodness to take caro , whenever the two questions in point shall bo raised at your plucc of residence , not to allow any doubt to hang over the view taken of them by our august master . This unresorvedness is a natural consequence of tho system , which the Emperor adopted on tho day ho took possession of tho throno of his ancestors .

      RUSSIAN DECLARATION OF POLICY . Tub subjoined is a translation from the Cologne Gazette of the circular despatch which Prince Gortschakoff—the now Minister of Foreign Affairs for Russia—has addressed to tho representatives of his sovereign at foreign courts : ,, _ ,, . " Moscow , Sept . 2 . " The treaty signed at Paris on the 30 th March , in putting an end to a struggle tho proportions of which th ; ? a *< m < 5 d t 0 flXtend BtiU further , and the final issue of which was beyond human calculation , had for its object t <> re-establish tho normal Btate of international relations £ . *?? P ' p ° wers which had coalesced against us » £ ia ^\> y , l Ueir mott 0 TC 8 pect for th 6 ri eht and ind « - CSt ^ tJSKiTJ " , nct intend here t 6 re - norto ta ™«» ** historical examination of the question , Drincinks It 1 » ««\ » ono ot tllG otuerof th ° s « two ^^ JS ^ Ttt ^ t ^ ^ - * ^ which tho great EurtoJT Po » , £ V ^ ° P nnci P time , when they took ^* & ™ aF } «*' xt thftt our adveraariesf and * £ lTl ^ & £ X

      H This system is not unknown to you . The Emperor wishes to live in good harmony with all Governments , and his Majesty thinks that the best means of attaining that object is not to conceal his ideas on any questions connected with public European right . Tho faisceau of those sovereigns who for long years have supported with us tho principles to which Europe owes more , than a quarter of a century of . poaeo no longer exists in its ancient integrity . Tho -will of our august master is foreign to this result . Circumstances have restored to us our full liberty of action . Tho Emperor has decided to dovoto by proforonco all liis solicitudo to tho welfare

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      94 , 0 THE IiEADEE , [ Ho . 34 , 1 , Saturday ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 4, 1856, page 940, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2161/page/4/