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this was done , the body was turned off the ladder , and the executioner mounted on the man's shoulders , worked op and down as if on horseback , and beat the head ftom side to side with his fists , -whilst be looked around upon the officials as though seeking for approbation . This disgusting scene naturally produced a great impression on the crowd , some of whom fainted . As far as I can learn , not merely the crowd , but the soldiers , observed a proper and a serious demeanour on the occasion , and a general sympathy -was felt with the sufferer . ' What courage ! what piety ! ' the people ex-Aloimiif ? * "Pnvoriiin J nnnr fnllswtr P ¦ Q * i ^ K * . » ikA claimed : ' Poverino ! fellow ! ' Such the
; ^ " ^^^^^ au ^^ M ^ BH ^ aHMMa ^ sage of troops across Turkish territory . —The Imaum of Muscat has refused to pay his annual tribute to Persia . In order to regulate the State expenditure , Redschid Pacha has determined on establishing an audit board . It is . also contemplated to impose forest laws and a special administration of the State forests , according to the European mode , in order that the extensive woods in various parts of Turkey , which appear now to be the property of any one who likes to cut timber from them , may be turned into a source of Imperial revenue . ¦ ¦ ¦ - SWITZERLAND .
poor was sentiment , and such were the words that were uttered . " But while the people applaud the would-be assassin , who struck for liberty , crowned heads sympathize with the tyrant on his escape . " Our Queen , " says the Morning Star , "has followed the example of the Emperor of the French , and a mark of sympathy on her part has been transmitted to the King . of Naples on account of the late attempt . So at least we are informed by Continental organs . An address of congratulation has also been sent in by the English residents of Naples to the King . Thus , a sovereign whom our Government and . a portion of the English public think fit to menace , still commands their sympathy when his life is attempted . "
.:.... - . . ¦ RUSSIA . . . . ¦ . The Austrian Gazette , in referring to the capture of the eighteen small vessels ! by the Russians on the coasts of Circassia , declares that Russia is In the right , and tlien goes on to remark : —" It would , be erroneous to see in these fact ' s the germ of a new quarrel between Kussia . and Turkey , as they can be satisfactorily explained . Soukhoum Kale is a Russian town , which a band of mountaineers and Turkish deserters had
occupied ; and naturally , after the war , Kussia was desirous of retaking possession of it . The Turkish Government cannot feel offended at this event , as it quite recently refused to listen to the deputations of Circassians who have on several occasions solicited the co-operation of the Porte . The capture of the Turkish merchant vessels is connected with the measures which . Russia takes to re-establish her sovereignty in the Caucasus . Diplomacy has nothing to say to this affair , which belongs entirely to the consular agents . " ;
There is talk of an approaching visit of the Grand Duke Constantino to Paris , on his return from Nice , to which place he is to conduct his wife on a visit to the Empress Mother . A Polish correspondent of the Avgslurg Gazette writes that the Russians have long been preparing for the outbreak of war between England and Persia . The garrison of Astrakhan has been strengthened , and the Cossacks in the neighbourhood of that city have received a new com . mander in the person of Lieutenant-General Krassnik ; but the reports relative to the concen tration of troops , ¦ which are to be conveyed by the flotilla of the Caspian Sea to Astrabad , " are totally unfounded . "
DENMAKK . The commissioners of the different Governments which have concerned themselves with the Sound Dues question ( says a letter from Berlin in Le Nard ) , are to meet at Copenhagen very speedily , and conclude the negotiations upon it by drawing up a convention for the redemption of the Sound Dues ; and the convention , in all probability , will be finally ratified before the navigation is opened in the spring . The commissioner on behalf of Russia , M . Tegoborsld , has just left Berlin on his way to attend this conference . —With regard to the transit duea levied by Denmark upon the traffic between Hamburg and Lubeck , the same correspondent says he is informed that the Danish Cabinet is disposed " to reduce these dues by one half .
BELGIUM . The discussion in the Belgian Chamber of Representatives on the bill relative to exportation and importation of articles of food lias terminated by a sort of compromise , the-Government proposing to maintain in force until the 15 th of February the present legislation , in order to allow the Senate to express its opinion on the question . This proposition was adopted by 60 votes
to 31 . A tutor , named Tervaet , is now on his trial in Belgium on a charge of stealing from the private chamber of the Count de Liedekerke , with whom he was domesticated at the time ( between three and four years ago ) , the sum of 102 , 000 francs . Subsequently to the * robbery , ho lived in great extravagance The trial is causing as much sensation in Belgium us certain cases of fraud have recently done in England . The man is also accused of cheating one of the countess ' s Jemmes tie ckambre of the greater part of three thousand francs . The triul is not yet completed .
TUKKICY . It is stated in intelligence from . Constantinople that Ferouk-Khan transmitted Lord Stratford de Rcdcliffo ' s Ultimatum to Tehoran on tho Htli . The Ultimatum , according to those advices , deinntidd a revision of the treaties with Persia , tho evacuation of Herat , authority to-found factories along tho coasts of the Persian Gulf , and tho concession to an English company of certain railways to bo made across the Persian territory . Persia is supported by Russia in demanding neutrality from Turkey ; but Englund demunds permission for the
pas-Prussia has refused to treat directly with Switzerland . AH the Federal staff officers of Switzerland have been ordered to return to their posts immediately . Twenty thousand men are to be put under arms without delay . One half , under General Bourgeois , will be stationed at Basle ; the other half , under General Ziegler , at Schaffhausen . The van and reserve are to be in readiness to take the field . The Grand Council of Berne has unanimously granted unlimited credits for the purposes of war . The students of Zurich have volunteered t o serve in the active army . The popular enthusiasm increases .
The object of the preparations that have been made up to this time by Prussia , is to have 135 , 000 men in march on the 2 nd of January . The Prussian troops are formed into nine divisions , of which each corps d ' armee furnishes one . These nine divisions are concentrated into four corps , supported by a division of reserve . Count Grobeh is appointed Commander-in-Chief ; the Commandants of corps are Generals Werder , Wussowy Borin , and Sehacfc . The Prince of Hohenzollern commands the division of reserve , and the division of the Guard , in the first corps , is under th command of Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia . e It is said that Switzerland , at the suggestion of the American Minister , lias consented to refer the dispute to arbitration .
The writer of a Pans letter in Le N ~ ord affirms as positive that Prussia has already obtained the authorization of Wurtemberg and of Baden for her troops to pass through those states , in order to take military possession of Schaffhausen . It is not ; necessary to have that authorization further confirmed by the Diet—in the first place , because Prussia acts in her own personal name ; and next , because she has already received the approbation of that body . The Aiiidage-Kammer , or Court of Preliminary Investigation , at Jierne , found bills of indictment against sixty-six of the accused conspirators , on the 16 th ; fourteen others were placed in the second category , that of those whose case 3 are to be reserved ; and two of
them—namely , Count PourtalesGorgieT , and St . PerrOt , the advocate , formerly president of . Stadtrath of of Neufchatel— -were acquitted . Several others were conditionally liberated on bail—namely , Heinrich von Rougemont , Edward von Pourtales Pury , and Augustus de Montemolin , each of whom was to find bail to the amount of 50 , 000 francs ; Karl Friedrich Sauvin , a clergyman , and Philip Grevillat , to find bail each for five hundred francs ; and Carl Augustus Matthey de l'Etang , a member of the Federal Council , placed in the second category of those whose cases are reserved , was released without bail . This second category includes all who only took a subordinate part in the insurrection , to the number of several hundred
persons-Colonel Denzler , who is in command of the Federal troops which , occupy Ncufchatel , has written to the Swiss representative at Paris a complete denial of the statements of the AssemhUe Nationale about the oppressed condition of the inhabitants of that canton . The Neufchatel prisoners have also , without exception , testified to the humane and considerate treatment they have experienced . A civic guard is about to be formed in Newfchiltel , that the Federal troops may be withdrawn . M . Pourtalbs Sandoz , the ISfeufchalel insurrectionist , has been allowed to remain at his own bouse on account of ill health-and of his nge , which is considerable ; but a military guard is placed over him , and he is kept a strict prisoner . Some of the other insurgents , as we announced last week , have been liberated on bail .
PRUSSIA . Privy Councillor Mathias has laid on the table of the House of Deputies of the Landtag an address to the Crown , which he intends to submit to the vote of the Assembly , complaining that the practice observed by tho police towards the press is not in harmony with tho liberty of the press as established by the constitution . AUSTRIA . Count Croud « nhoven , Secretary of Legation , left on tho Kith hist , for Paris with despatches for Baron llilbner , containing a verbal no'to which the latter is to submit to the French Government , and which replies negatively to the question of granting a compensation to Russia for tho abandonment of Bolgrad . Tho idea of this compensation , it is stated , was not advanced by Russia , who as yet has not approved of it , but by Franco , who communicated it to England and afterwards ) to Austria . ' Both of these Powers refuse to entertain tho idea .
Tho Empress' is said to be indisposed , and she will therefore nut go to Milan , oven if her husband docs , which is doubtful . Supposing the Kmpcrox to go , ho will stop , it id said , but for a very short time .
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THE CONDEMNED ITALIAN SEAMEK . Sir George Gket has refused to spare the lives of the three Italian seamen who were convicted at the "Winchester Assizes on a charge of murder on the high seas . The Mayor of Southampton ( who is also a Town Councillor of Winchester ) has pleaded for them , but in vain . Mr . Dymond then addressed a communication to Sir George Grey , praying that Pietrici ( who spared the ^ life of the boy who afterwards gave evidence against the condemned men ) may receive mercy . This request was also refused . Lagava has since admitted that he was guilty . He did this very suddenly , exclaiming to Signor Ferretti , an Italian Protestant gentleman who had interested himself in the culprits , " I Lave five murders on my soul . " This he explained by saying that he was not only the chief « f the assassins , but had induced the others to aid him , and had thus led to their
disgraceful end . He said that he " dragged them into it by the hair of their heads * " Hatteo Pietrici , on learning that all hope of a respite was at an end , became greatly excited , and , dropping en his knees , implored in the most impassioned manner that his life might be saved , adding that he would willingly be a slave for the remainder of his existence . He also said he was guilty , but added that he was struck , and acted in self-defence . He denied that he had any design to plunder the ship , but continued , after a short pause : — "I am a ' murderer . Two years ago , I killed three persons at Trieste—one a worn an with -whom I cohabited , and tvo gendarmes who were sent to arrest me . I also attempted to commit a murder in Constantinople ; but the person I attacked escaped by jumping into the water and swimming away . " He also said he thought he was the worst man that had ever lived , and that he had actually drunk the blood of the woman he had killed at Trieste . Giov . anno
Barbaalo suffered greatly on learning that he was to die . He received the last sacraments on Monday evening from Dr . Grant , Roman Catholic Bishop of Southwark , who vent to "Winchester from London on purpose . The following letter was addressed by the convicts to the captain and crew of the barque Globe : — " Winchester Prison , Dec . 22 . "Dear Friends , — Since we have offended you , pardon us , as we pardon you heartily . Jesus Christ pardoned those who put Him on the cross . The Lord has been
merciful towards-us , and we hope that He will also be merciful towards you . We shall not see each other any more in this world , but may God grant we may see each other again in heaven . Embrace for us George Nelligah . " fMATTEO PlEIRlCt , " fGursEPFE Lagava , " f GlOVANNO BaKBAALO . ' ¦ " Foster Roger ? , £ '\ Vitrie < ices » '' " S . Ferretti , 1 Witnesses .
Iselligan is the boy whose evidence at the trial mainly contributed to the conviction of the murderers . On the morning of the execution ( Tuesday ) , the convicts all exhibited great emotion , aud prayed frequently aloud , though Pietrici , while culling himself a Romau Catholic , evinced a preference for Proteataut rites and doctrines . He ate a hearty breakfast , say ing that he did so for the purpose of sustaining himself at the last moment . During the whole time the pinioning was going on ( say the accounts fiom Winchester in the daily papers ) , Lagava and Barbaalo repeated aloud the " Kyrie Eleison , " aud other prayers . At one period , Lagava directed the attention of Pietrici to the priest , but the lattor replied , " The priest did not die for me ; Christ died for me . " Pietrici was the first to be led on to the scaffold . As soon as Calcraft had placed him under the fatal beam , the most painful excitement was occasioned among the crowd assembled in front of the gaol by the culprit exclaiming in a loud shrill -voice , which resounded across the vnlley overlooked by tho prison , " Gcsii Crhto , piylia Vaniina miaJ" and other phrases of a similar chiintcter , which , not being understood by the multitude , were believed to bo cries of distress and protestations oi innocence . Lagava was brought up next , and no sooner had he been placed near his fellow culprit tliati his voioo was raised in protestations to the Virgin Bfury and tile saints . Terrible as was the scene up to this point , it Wjih infinitely more painful when Barbaalo appeared on tho drop . This wretched youth was greatly excited , and could not be induced to submit himself quietly to the
executioner . Ho appealed to the priests , and they , in their anxiety to give the dying mem consolation , placed themselves in positions which obliged Calcraft to call upon them to remove , or it would bo impossible for him to perform his office . This was done in a tone loud enough to bo heard by the crowd below , from whom a nmrmur of tl Shame' ! " arose , probably as nauchfrom the length of time already occupied in affixing the nooses and splicing the fop <; a round tho cross-beam— a clumsy operation , which , with' the improved example of tJio metropolitan prison of Newgate open to then ) , is a diHgrace to all tho country juhticcs who tolerate it—as from any other cause . At length , after thirteen minutes had elapsed from tho period of Pietrici appearing on the scaffold , during the whole of which timo tho culprits
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OUR CIVILIZATION
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 27, 1856, page 1229, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2173/page/5/
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