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nopoly at present enjoyed , naturally , by America . They do not propose to cultivate cotton in India or the colonies , but to eneov / rage practically its cultivation—to render production safe and demand certain . They are able and willing , they declare , to receive materials that "would employ tlae industry of the country , and have ample means of paying for them . That was well knoAvn before the actual discussion , arose . But Manchester lias 0 one a step further . It is prepared , in conjunction with Liverpool , to found an association to effect the removal of all obstacles
to the increased growth of cotton in the IBritish colonies and dependencies , to supply , gratuitously , the best qualities of seed and the necessary machinery for the preparation of the raw material , and to provide instruction through competent teachers as well as through printed manuals . Manchester , therefore , has been roused , and is" at work . Not that it has hitherto been idle . Mr . Mactcav ' k
Indian mission , and a body of researches in the West Indies , Africa , Syria , and Australia , prove the contrary . But the time for accelerated movement has arrived . It is known that the cotton of Australia is of excellent quality ; by the Chamber of Commerce it was declared " really beautiful , "" well got up , " and "in perfect condition for the spinner . " The gold , as the Daily
2 \ Tew $ remarks , has kept the cotton waiting . However , a considerable tide has set in from the diggings to the cultivable plains , and we may expect , at no distant day , to hear of cotton cargoes floated down the Murray . At least , the new association , will undertake to supply the necessary facilities , and to buy what the . Indian or Australian planter may produce .
^ With reference to the Australian plantations , no opening could be conceived more advantageous to the jn'oposed free emigrants than that which may be created by such an impetus to cotton-planting ia the colonies . Hood the Australian colonies with labour , and labour will overflow into the agricultural provinces . Manchester and [ Liverpool , therefore , having a direct interest in the result , should accept the working classes as allies , and open a path to tlie colonies for those who are willing to go .
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MENTAL ALISONATION . Cehtaitt respectable gentlemen who had been engaged in a curling- match at Limekilnburn about a . year ago , were little aware that they were performing an impromptu , drama to illustrate the history of Europe , — dramatizing a commentary on Alison ' s Hugo work . Yet such Avas the fact . Mr . Thomas Morton-, a farmer , had borrowed a horse from Mr .
George TuRNBULii , a merchant in Glasgow , in order to go to the curling match in his gig with some friends . In returning home , the night was dark , the road was glazed with ice , and tho social glass' had had its influences ; although it is assumed , as a matter of course , that Mr . Mokton was sober , for he * was a Free Kirk elder . Near the top of the hill stood a toll-bm * , and iienv the toll-bar
ft horse and curt , whoso driver w : ia looking with a candle for a lost whip . ' There arc no gas-lights in those parts , and Mr . Mohton did . not discriminate between space and the cart and horso ; the consequence was a collision , in winch each horse was atabbed wil . h tho shafts of the other vehicle . Mr . Tijunbuix proceeded agaiimfc TVlr . jNIouton for the value of the horse . \\\ England , such a claim would be settled at once ; but ; in Scotland , it seems , the borrower is acquitted if the disaster bo the eileet of accident ; uul not of negligence ; and accident was the defence act pp . Tho Hlioriil { Substitute at lliiinillon adjudged thnt tho borrower should pny Hie
pie , is represented as wantonly running into the inoffensive Trench court , and the French noblesse as not driving over a prostrate people , but as wantonly assailed in placid passiveness . If pages of history are read m good faith and such representations are trusted , the penalties wrongfully incurred , and suicidaliy enforced , must in some cases , though they cannot be so clearly identified and defined , be quite as wrongful as that 20 ? . and
costs . It is possible , however , that even before the disclosure of this exquisite case , Europe had learned to doubt its own biography , written as it is by Sir Aechibaid Alison . In this case he has only performed a more ingenious feat than that of putting the cart before the horse : putting one horse before two carts , he has punished an aggrieved man for having suffered a wrong , jusfc as he adjudges the verdict in the matter of the French nation .
ijaTjD has a very historical mind , and he brought that to bear in his recital of the case ; he combined the parts of Solomon and . Gibbon . . The composition which Avas laid before the Court of Session was a page of history . It differed , indeed , from common history in some respects . In the first place , Sii ^ A / RCiiiBA-iiD was laid under a peculiar obligation to be accurate ; wherefore we may assume that he applied the very flower of his
faculties to the study of the case . Tho facts , too , were simple . It was not , like a question of the Vienna Congress , or tho Treaty of Paris , complicated by every kind of consideration , controversy , and obscurity ; but the facts were few , tlie evidence was direct , and the whole lay within tho compass of tlie historian-judge . It was with those advantages that he produced the page of history which astonished the IJord Justice Clerk . There
facts , Mr . Sheriff Axison had made the horse which Mr . Ttjrnbull lent to Mr .. Morton figure in both parts- —it was the gig-horse driven by Mr . Morton , and also the carthorse belonging to the carrier ; so that , in his view of the matter , Mr . Mojiton was driving Mr . Tuen"b-cti / l ' s gig-horse into Mr . Ttjrnbull ' s cart-horse , and Mr . TxnaisriBTJiiXi was in the unfortunate position of having , either by the borrower or his servant , been guilty of the "faults on both sides . " It is a favourite resort of your modern judge to assume that there are faults on both sides ; but we have never seen the faults distributed
with such remarkable ingenuity as in the present instance . When the case came before the Court of Session , on the further appeal , the Lord Justice Clerk , in his innocence , thought that the wrong judgment had been printed . This is a curious example of defective , reasoning the Lord Justice Clerk assumed that the interlocutor could not be Sir ArciiibaTjd ' s ' recital , because it was inconsistent Avitli the facts ; a very large assumption . Sir
Ancnivalue of the horse ; a judgment , it will be perceived , which implies that the Free Kirk elder was at least negligent after the social glass . Mr . Morton appealed to the Sheriff Principal , who is no other than Sir Archibaild Alison , the elucidator of Europe , the Bhadamanthus before whom all the great men of the country have passed- He pronounced what is called an " interlocutor , " in which he relates the story of the collision . It says : "The judge having heard parties ,
&e ., thinks ifc proved that tlie pursuer ' s horse was left standing in the centre of the road by the pursuer ' s servant , when the defendant ' s horse and gig raninto . it ; " "finds , in point of law , that there were faults on both , sides—on the defendant ' s side in not looking properly and driving faster than was prudent on so dark a night , on the pursuer ' s servant ' s in leaving his hoz * se and cart alone" —and so forth ; and accordingly the judge acquits the defendant , and condemns the pursuer to pay one-half of the defendant ' s costs . In short , throughout the whole of this recital of the
was another peculiarity . Pecuniary results turned upon tho accuracy of the account ; it was a question whether or not Mr . Tuknuui . l should lose a horse and something more for having been so indiscreet as to have his horso killed , or whether Mr . M ' ohtok should pay that formidable sum , 207 . " and expenses . " . But as a specialty this last consideration it ) more true on . tlio wuriaeo tlism in fact . No doubt there must be insiny a page of history about as close to the truth as this brief atory of tho gi <_ £ and carl ; collision , and if it is true that the wisdom of * mankind i . s the
accumulated knowledge of tho past , how much deliberate foolishness must be imparted to students of history w \ um the facts of the pawl aro inverted . The . French people , for exam-
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February 28 , 1857 . ] THE LEADER . 207
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Death of the Earl of Harewood .- —This nobleman , who , about the close . of last month ,-was thrown from his horse ¦ while hunting and severely kicked on tfca head , died on Sunday morning at Hare-wood House , near Leeds , after some three weeks of suffering . He was born in June , 1797 , and in eariy life -was in the army . At the Battle of Waterloo , ' was slightly wounded . As the Hon . Mr . Lascelles , he represented the borough of Northallerton in Parliament for some years .
His politics were Conservative . Strange to say , the previous Earl died suddenly in 1841 after following the fox bounds ; and , several years ago , the late Earl ( before b . e came to the title ) had a narrow escape from death by the hiirsting of a gun with , which he was shooting—an . accident which caused serious injury to three other persons , "but little or none to Mr . Lascelles . The Earl is succeeded by his eldest son , Henry Thynne , Viscount Lascelles . —An inquest was held on the body on Monday , and terminated in a verdict of Accidental Death .
Dr . Livingston , the African traveller , had an interview with Prince Albert on Friday week at Buckingham Palace . Sir Joseph Paxton , M . P ., Mr . Arthur Anderson ( chairman ) , and Mr . Fergusson ( manager of the Crystal Palace Company ) , Mr . Costa , and Mr . Bowley ( treasurer of the Sacred Harmonic Society ) , had an interview with Prince Albert last Saturday , on the subject of the Grand Handel festival at the Crystal Palace . A Meteou . — - "T . D . S . " communicates to the Times an account of a singular meteor he observed on Blackheath on Sunday night . Ho writes : — " I -was crossing the heath about twenty minutes after eleven r . M ., going south , It was very dark , though the stars were shining 1 . Suddenly I was astonished at perceiving the ground for many yards before me illuminated by a delicate blue
light . It reminded mo of the ' good people ' of other days , now replaced by garotters . I looked up , and above head , at a considerable height , was a pale blue luminous orb , so like a Roman candle in shape and appearance , that , had it not been . Sunday night , and so late , I should have conduce ! It was a Jen , d'artifice . The meteor ( for such it was ) descended obliquely but rapidly towards the west , gradually diminishing in size , but deepening in ( blue ) colour . When it had travelled as far ( apparently , from my point of view ) as the belt of Orion , it collapsed , and vanished , seeming to eject , at the moment of collapso , a small yellow star , which , after going westward about an ( apparent ) inch , disappeared also . Tho light must liave been very powerful when it first appeared , for I saw the road , which is one hundred yards ofF , as distinctly as in broad day . "
" The GIood Oi ^ d Times !"—Tliere is now living in Kpperstone , Notts , an octogenarian who has been blind for . several years from the effects of an accident . He Hays that when ho was a child white bread was considered a groat 1 uxury ; so much bo that when his father ( who was a framework- knitter ) used to take hia work to Nottingham , l » u would frequently promise to bring tho children a whilo penny loaf each xn his return , and such was- the anxiety of the little ones to possess tho luxury , that they have many times gone the distance of three or four miles to meet their father , in order that they might have it a little sooner , and this in depth of winter , in frost and snow . What would the present generation say to thia ? —Jjiiccatenshire Mercury .
illli HlilTIHII L-MUAaSY AT CoNSTANTINOWvK Mr . Charles Alison , Oriental Secretary to her Majesty's Embassy ut Constantinople , has been appointed Secretary of Embassy to the siimo mission , in the place of Lord Napier , lately named Minister to the United States . OlIIl Nl ' , W JtlSIMtKHKNTA . TI . VJ 5 AT WASHINGTON . TIlO royal mail sloiun-Hhip Persia , Judkins commander , took her departure from Liverpool last Saturday for New York , having , besides n large cargo , one hundred and fifty pa . sHCii ^ or rt on hoard , including Lord Napier , who goes out to re-establish diplomatic relations ( it Washington .
Dicatii ok A ( lAKTUONOMK . —Chovct , tlie famotm Pans retailor of oatabhrH , was struck at nine o ' clock on tho night ( jf 1 ' Yiday week with apoplexy at hi . s house in tho Pulaiu ltoyul .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 28, 1857, page 207, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2182/page/15/
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