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sooner on the spot than lie began to assert the right . Kotliing could be more proper than the interference of Parliament . It was not the Commons however , bat the House of Lords which began on Tuesday m the ¦ moving of'resolutions . by the Earl of Derby , condemning Sir John Boavriug ' s course . Mr ; Cobden took up the subject in the House of Commons 011 Thursday ; provisionally condenafcing the proceedings * at' Ganton , . and asking , fof-a select committee to Inquire into the state of our commercial relations with
no errflgration fitod , though they receive an immense number of ¦ emigrants ; but the emigrants go out at their own expense . A charitable subscription , therefore , is the direct mode for meeting the present case ; unless-indeed the woj ? MSng _ classes , through their representatives in Parliament— -if they have representatives iix Parliament—should insist upon a comprekensive measure with efficient means for conveying tlie unemployed to those- unemployed , and iiseless lands which lie waste in the colonies . Every man thus conveyed to colonial employment finds a better fortune for himself ; and while taking away a competitor from , the home market , adds a . consumer for the increased profit of'those lie leaveslinliinfi .
China . Ministers however , contended that Sir John Bowrixg was justified in insisting on the right of entry , and that the lorcha was virtually English ; and the result was , that with reference to personal relations rather than political classification , 140 peers were found to sustain tlie Government in supporting Sir John Bowbikg , and 110 on the opposite side .
In the House of Commons the debate took a somewhat different turn ; for though , it ran principally upon the question of the lorcha and the right of entry , yet other subjects were ¦ introduced ; and ,, before the debate was adjourned ^ it had brought out a great array , not only of opposition , but of independent strength against the Government . The subject was resumed last night , and again ad .-iourned .
One law reform seems toliave a fair chance of being carried in the House of Lords ; it amends the k \ v of libel and defamation . Lord Chief Justice Camp-3 JELL has moved for a select committee to consider the subject . The immediate cause of the move is a xecent case in which Lord Campbell , confirmed a principle of some passed questionable judgments , by holding , first , that written libel is worse than oral defamation , and , secondly , that the responsibility falls . upon-the publisher and not upon the author ,
even in a case where the publisher is simply reporting the proceedings of a public body , like a Town Council . In the present state of journalism , it is impossible that the journals should abstain from constantly reporting matter that is technically libellous ; and it needs a complete revision of the law to protect us , in the exercise of our duties , from incurring penalties which ought to fall upon others—the authors of any false and calumnious statement .
The state of the poor is a subject growing in magnitude and urgency . The '' unemployed" alternately meet in Smithficld , and strive to obtain some aid in their several parishes . How the parishes do their duty , is for the hundredth time exposed by the Lord Mayor , who lias been playing the Hahotjn-al-IIasciiid , personally visiting the casual wards , the charitable Refuge for the Houseless Poor , and the gaol at Islington , lie finds tho casual wards purposely placed at a distance of
two or three miles from the workhouse ; so that the poor may be deterred from relief when they need it . He fouud one casual ward consist of a stable , in which men and women where herded together . The llcfuge for the Houseless Poor is in fact doing- the duty that ought to fall upon the parishes , and tho State understands decency and humanity better in the management of prison ' than in the management of aid for the poor ; tho prisoners ia gaol being better lodged , better fed , and more decently provided for in every way .
Some benevolent persons arc endeavouring to organize a new emigration movement amongst the unemployed , who certainly have a right to claim the assistance of the State , while it prevents them from getting at the land which every man inherits by nature Aids to emigration might bo of various kinds . At present the Executive is not giving any llctivc aid . Ihe public funds for the purpose are drawn entirely from the colonies , which dictate the sort or labourers that they require . In some ensos they appoint agents of their own to select , the labourers The North American colonies furnish
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Monday , February 23 rd . In the House of Lords , the Lord Chancellor , in consequence of an . appeal from Lords Ltndhtjrst and Campbell , postponed the second reading of the Divoece Bill till next Tuesday , the 3 rd of March .
SUPPLY OF GUANO . Lord PoLWAHru moved for any paper or correspondence relative to the cession of the islands of Haski , Jibleed , and Ghurzoad by the Imaum of Muscat to her Majesty , and their erection into a colony ; and also to call the attention of the House to a license granted on the 20 th of February , 185 G , by the Commissioners of Emigration to John Ord . and others , giving them th _ e sole and exclusive right to raise and take away guano from these islands during five years . —The Earl of Clarendon hadno objection to give the papers moved for , and assured Lord Polwarth that there was every desire on the part of the Government to lay before their lordships and the public the fullest information with respect ¦
to those islands- —After some further discussion , in Avliich dissatisfaction was expressed , with the terms on which Captain Ord ha-d obtained his monopoly , the motion was agreed to . —Some explanations on the same subject were given in the House of Commons "by Mr . Lauoucujuik :, who said : —" The Emigration Commissioners acted In the matter as agents of the Colonial Office , and therefore the Colonial Office was alone responsible . The Colonial Office had given the right of exclusive trade in the guano of those islands , for a limited period of years , to certain individuals , and there was no doubt as to their riglit do do so , as it was an ancieat and undisputed prerogative of the Crown . When , the Government of Lord Derby existed , a . similar case occurred : a monopoly of
the guano trad-e on the coast of Australia was given -to certain individuals for a period of six years . In tlie agriciiltural districts in the country , he believed it w as feared that the monopoly granted to the Liverpool merchants in this case would be prejudicial to the interests of tho farmers ; but that was not the case . The merchants had voluntarily offered to submit to the conditions that all the guano obtained by them should be sold in the open market by a broker in Li verpool , and that other parties should have the privilege of obtaining guano by the payment of a stipulated sum , not exceeding 21 . per ton . He thought tins would be sufficient to assure the public that the article would be brought over in large quantities and sold in the open market . "
PROBATES AHT > LETTERS OF ADMINISTRATION BILL , The Lord Chancellor moved tho second reading of this bill , with which Lord St . Leonards expressed great dissatisfaction , and objected , among other criticisms , that it virtually placed all the testamentary jurisdiction of the country in the hands of the Lord Chancellor . The bill , also , deprived hcirs-at-law of rights "which had belonged to them from' timo immemorial . The measure should have been more specific on tho subject of compensation . —Lord inrximmiH'v meant to have spoken against the bill , but on looking round tho House he found that there was "just on « -third of a peer to each bench ; " and ., as he did not euro to address empty benches , ho should reserve his observations for a future occasion . —Lord CamfhelIj said there could be no doubt that a change was requisite in tho testamentary jurisdiction : tho only
question was liow that change was to be effected , lie must con fuss ho was not at all satisfied with the scheme of tho Lord Ohnncollor , which amounted to nothing more nor less than thin—that every contested -will cause was to become a Chancery suit . First of all , the matter would come before a Viuc-Cliancellor , who would direct nn issue to bo trhsd at common law ; the cause would then conic brick to him , and lie would linve to say whether ho wn « satisfied with tho verdict or not . From his decision there would bo an appeal to tho Lord Chancellor or the Lords JusticeH , just as thore is ivith regard to a Chancery case , and afterwards there might bo an appeal to that House . He ( Lord Campbell ) hoped tho bill would be referred to a select committee . —Lords WYNKoni ) and Wionmi-uydau-: having cNprossod . some doubts with respect to the luoimurc , tho bill waa read a bccoikI time .
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194 THIE LEADER . [ No . 362 , Saturday
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IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT .
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TRANSPORTATION BILL 'In ^ th * House op Commons , Sir George Grey „„ , poned h . 8 till on the subject of transportation 2 f T servitxidefor a fortnight , and at the same time Z 0 ^ t tis intention of proceeding with it immediately it « 1 estimates . ' aner the TESTAMENTARY COURTS ( IRELAND ) In ansvrer to Mr . Deary , the Attorney * P for Ireland stated his intention of bringing if ?^« for the reform of the Irish Testamentary Court du l the present session . * UIta du ™ g-ENTRIES OP BXPORTATIONS . In answer to Mr . Neavoegate , Mr WiLshv -t that , in the early part of August , 1855 , a- representati o n was made by the Chamber of Commerce of HuNt , f Board , of Trade , to the effect that they belled ?! there was great carelessness in entering the shippin * > f goods , and recommending that steps should te t \ k& £ make them more correct . In consequence of this repre " a tation , an order was issued by the Customs on *]>« IV f The officer at the head of the 8 tetbtfcK pS » ei . t & ' ever , considered that the errors were on both sides Za balanced themselves , and that , therefore , no inj ry ^ done to-trade . J ^ as
THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT . —ADJOURNED DEB Vte ^ The adjourned debate on Mr . Disraeli ' s amendmenttn the motion that the Speaker leave the chairTgo - nto ° committee of Ways and Means , was resumed by Mi James WacGregor , who -supported the amendment Ample scope for diminishing the expenditure existed ' There was no necessity for maintaining the camn at AldersEiott or Colchester , or for keeping in full force the manufactories erected for preparing the munitions of 1 rar . The amendment was a courteous one . and merely meant " Take back your Budget . " . ' '
LordJoiiN Russell expressed great surprise at the attack made on the previous Friday night on the present Budget ¦ by Mr . Gladstone . Had it not been for that attack , and for the extraordinary approximation between Mr . Gladstone and Mr . Disraeli , he ( Lord John Russell ) n : ight have been content to give a silent vote ; but lie now felt bound to say that he agreed in the main wit ! the financial scheme of the Chancellor of the Exchequer , who had had to grapple with no ordinary difficulties . From some of the details , indeed , he dissented . He
objected to the retention of the duties on insurances and on paper ; and he hoped that the proposed tea duty scale - would be revised , as he tliought the consumer would not get the advantage of the small reduction of twopence in the pound . He was desirous that the income-tax should terminate in 1860 ; but he did not see that the Chancellor of the Exchequer liad opposed any obstacle . to that result . He trusted that this might be reg-arded as a period of amity ; that we were going to make peace with Persia ; and that the foolish hostilities with . China were on the eve of cessation . And .
seeing : that we had an alliance with France , which in 1848 - was a matter of considerable doubt—seeing that we had made peace with the great power which was lately our enemy—he thought we were entitled to ask for peace estimates , and that those estimates should be the fo undation of what in future years ¦ would be cur establishment , (// ear , hear , ~ ) Mr . Bentincic was not prepared to support either the Chancellor of tlie Exchequer or Mr . Disraeli , and morcd that the debate be adjourned till the House had
considered the Army and Navy Estimates in a Committee of Supply . —Mr . Monckton Milnes thought Mr . Gladstone had been guilty of injustice to the Chancellor of the Exchequer . —Sir John Tykell supported Mr . Bcutinck 1 s motion . ; eulogized Lord Palmcrston's Government , -which he thought liad not yet made one rhistale ; spoke of Mr . Gladstone ' s attitude as " gladiatorial , " his speech on the previous Friday evening as " incomprehensible ;" . and hinted that be might be the author of the article on the state of parties in the Quarterly Review . —Mr . Wilkinson and Mr . John Fhilumiore
supported the Budget . —Mr . Liddell supported the amendment . —Mr , Whiticside questioned the honesty of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in changing the ten duty scale , in the face of the assurance he gave to a deputation which waited upon him that the reductions according to the existing law should be retained . —Sir Francis Baiuno gave the Budget his cordial support , and said Mr . Gladstone had exhibited great - \ vaut of clearness in his opposition . —Mr . Wali'olu - \ vns in favour of considering the expenditure before going into a Committee of Ways and Means . The Chancellor of the Exchequer had declined to say that the remission of the incc-mc-tax in 18 G 0 was probable or possible , mid that alarming prospect should induco tho House to adopt the
resolution . No Budget could be satisfactory to the country unless it secured the proper adjustment H revenue and expenditure , and tho fulfilment of ft pledge solemnly given . Ho tliought , also , tliat tho House should inquire whether aomo reduction of tho present enormous expenditure wcro not possible . — IMr . C < ut « - wki-t , opposed tho amendment . —Mr . Mii-nku < . » msf » s wna of opinion that the Budget ia of a roactionnry character . Hiti own opinion waa that a fairly iitipoBcd income-tax ought to be permanent . TIioho who were in favour of lnrgc military expenditure nml inert-used taxation would vote for going into committee ; those who were in favour of economy would vote ngfiin ^ t '" motion . For himself , ho would vote ngainat tho motion
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Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 28, 1857, page 194, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2182/page/2/
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