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trol and East India Company . That is the question for the House of Commons to settle . They should make a terrible example of the mutineers ; but they must not aet in the spirit of vengeance . " Lord Harrt Vane at Baknaed . —His Lordship expressed his opinion that tranquillity would be restored to British India , firm and consolidated , in the course of a few months . The Hon . F . Lygo : n at Tewkesbury . —Mr . Lygon " hoped that some measure would be taken to withdraw the Sepoys fiom scenes that must necessarily be associated in their minds with their bloody triumphs , and to give them an opportunity of working out in . another land some reparation for the atrocities which , perhaps in a moment of excitement , they had been led to perpetrate . ( Hear . ) With regard to foreign politics , he would say the less we had to do -with them the better—( cheers )—the better for England , as well as for other states . Foreign nations . have the same keen sense of national honour with ourselves , and it is therefore most unwise in us to interfere with them . So long as England does so she will have to maintain a semi-hostile attitude
towards foreign powers , which cannot be beneficial either to those powers or to England herself . " Mr . Buchanan at Glasgow . — " What are we to do with India ? First , and without hesitation , I say these outrages must be punished with signal and prompt retribution . Tengeance is not a word for man—it belongs to a higher power . But justice requires that the foul insults offered to our countrymen should meet with due punishment . QAp $ lause . ) To accomplish this object no sacrifice should be considered too great . But then comes another question—What are we to do in regard to the future of In dia ? ( Hear , hear . ~ ) It appears too evident that up to this time we have done nothing to conciliate the inhabitants of that vast region . During the two hundred years that our rule has existed we have made no progress . We have governed , no doubt , but we have not exalted , nor have we in any sense touched the sympathies of the inhabitants . What causes may have been at work to produce this result I shall not stop to inquire ; but what I wish to say is , that , in every sense , our work in India is to do over again . I think you will agree with me that the work must be done . We cannot give up India . " ( Loud applause . )
Messks . Pease at Daulinqton . — -A meeting was held at Darlington on Monday in aid of the Indian fund . Mr . H . Pease , . 11 . P ., in moving the first resolution , expressed his sympathy with the sufferers by the revolt , but at the same time alluded to our misgovernment of India , and said that a reform is imperative . Mr . Joseph Pease ( late M . P . ) , in moving a vote of thanks to the chairman , spoke at some length on Indian affairs . " As an Englishman , he took shame to himself tor the way in which we had abused our power over 150 , 000 , 000 human beings . It had been his lot to hit for many years in the House of Commons , and he felt shame as an Englishman that while the smallest and most trivial personal dispute would bring houses of from three hundred to five hundred members , and while senators would sit patiently to hear the cavillings and personal piques and prejudices of individuals , Lord Glenelg and others whom he had himself assisted found it the most difficult tiling in the world to keep forty members together on si subject affecting the interests of millions . The agriculture of India ought long ago to have made us independent of that cotton supply with which the United States vautitingly flouted us in the faoo when we spoke against her abominable traffic in human flesh and blood , und of the sugar supply from all the slave-labour in the world . But Indian agriculture had been shamefully overlooked . " A subscription was Commenced in the room . The venerable Edward Pease ( father of railways ) sent a donation of 151 . in a letter in ' which ho requested its application to the relief of the widows and orphans of civilians . He said " he sympathized with those belonging to the military rank , but in thoosing thair profession they knew wliat was before them , and he could not in any way countenance an employment forbidden by the Saviour . "
MR . UKHKsrOnU IIOl-K , M . l \ , ON CHURCH EDUCATION . The eighteenth anniversary meeting of the Diocesan Board of Education was held oh Friday week at Maidstone , in the college schoolroom . The chuir was taken by the Archbishop of Canterbury , and thu chief speech was that of Mr . Bereslbrd Hope , " M . P . Alluding to the large amount of crime which we sue around uf , he said he believed that wo arc in no darker condition than our forefathers , but ar « blessed with a greater perception of the evil , und consequently with a greater power to remove it . The object of the Diocesan Society , he observed , ia to elevate the peasant class of England—a class about which great delusions exist . Many have supposed tlmt our towns have a monopoly of wickedness , and that the rurul districts are all innocence and happin ess . Nothing could he further from the truth . " The rhapsody of the poet , that
( Jod made the coantry , and man made the town , ' ifi as falso in fact as it ia bad in theory . It is well sometimes , " continued Mr . Hope , 4 * to aeo what in going on for good aa well as for bad in the north of England . It is aa well to see how much they are doing there for the © ducution and comfort of the people , and to find how
happy the working classes may be in those great mills which many are too apt to look upon as the scenes of grinding , purse-proud tyranny on the part of the master , and of hopeless toil and suffering on the part of the operative . I had . one day the pleasure of visiting one of the largest nulls in the north of England . I found the operatives looking the very perfection of happiness ; the building was fire-proof , the ventilation admirable , the people employed cleanly , cheerful , and intelligent . I then visited the house of the proprietor—a gentleman whose father had raised himself from a very humble station—a gentleman who devotes a noble fortune to pious and good works , and "whose recreation is the cultivation of the fine arts . After my inspection of his mill , he said , * Well , we are not so bad in the north as you , expected to find us ? ' For myself , I at once repudiated any such idea , and I now mention the fact as a proof that all clashes ought to understand each other better , and also to show how very susceptible the manufacturers are of the opinions of rural districts , such as our own . It teaches us also how necessary it is that we should exert ourselves if we would not be wholly left behind by the manufacturing districts in the religious training of the lower classes . ( Hear , hear . ' ) There is one point in the report to which I will now take leave to
allude—namely , that -which refers to the early age at which the children leave school , or are taken away from school . Perhaps I may be allowed to throw out a hint on this subject . This difficulty may be met by considering what is best to be done with respect to the peculiar class of society from which the children spring . I should be sorry to advocate lowering the standard of our teaching , but I do advocate a greater adaptation of it to the peculiar circumstances of those we have to train up . ( Hear , hearS ) We want something more like what is called industrial training—a more familiar , commonsense grappling with the necessities of the case . " After a few words from the Archbishop of Canterbury , intimating his satisfaction with the progress that had been made , the meeting broke up . The Bishoi of O xford abd Mr . Gladstone at Chester . —T ' . e annual meeting of the Society for the Aid of Foreign Missions , held at Chester on Monday , gave occasion to the Bishop of Oxford and Mr . Gladstone to look at the Indian question from a religious point of view . ' ^ IBoth . attributed our disasters to our having discouraged Christianity and encouraged Paganism in our Oriental empire , and both desired that
India should be retained by us , not for the augmentation of our power and fjlory , but as a means of carrying the Christian faith aroortg a vast race of people , to whom however , they would allow the liberty of following their own faith as long ay they pleased . Mr . Gladstone also protested against the cry for a bloody vengeance on the whole Indian nation , and said that there could be uo fear of our soldiers ^ out there , after what they had seen , showing undue leniency . On the contrary , they may be expected to show a degree of rage which will be natural in them , but which is odious in persons sitting safely and quietlv at home .
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THE SOCIAL , SCIENCE MEETINGS . The Rational Association for the Promotion of Social Science was inaugurated Jit the Town-hall , Birmingham , on Monday . The body of the hall was crowded , and the platform showed a large gathering of eminent men . The Mayor having briefly introduced Lord Brougham to the meeting-, his Lordship proceeded to deliver the inaugural address . After some preliminary remarks , and some observations on the difficulty of arriving at an exact and logical division of the various departments of inquiry -which the Association proposed to discuss , Lord Brougham proceeded : — '
" But it is manifest that we are taking a right , in some sort , a necessary , course in bringing together those who chiefly devote themselves to promote the inquiries and the measures connected with social improvement ; and this position appears to rest upon most solid grounds , both from considerations common to all joint undertaking's , and from the peculiar nature of the subject itself . Of the former description is the great advantage which must accrue from the mutual help afforded to one another by fellow-labourers in the same cause ; the increased efficacy thus given to the effort * of each ; the lights struck out l > y full discussion , with the . valuable suggestions thus produced , the experience , the reflections of each individual being made as it wore common to all ; the security against error by timely examination of each plan before its author ' s prepossessions have become too deeply rooted , and before he lists been committed to its details ; tho authority given to proposals ultimately , and after mature deliberation persevered in , even if not snetioned by the assent of others ; the influence which may be acquired in various w . iya when that sanction has "been declared . These advantages attend all such union a , and may be cited in favour of any combined operations , whatever be tho nature of the subject . But there in a peculiar expediency—it may rather bo sstid necessity—for such a common or united action whero a great variety of opinion is likely to exist upon many matters , possibly no universal concurrence upon all tho particulars of any one . Placing all
prejudices arising from diversity of political party or religious sect entirely out of view , and assuming every person , to be inspired with the pure and single desire of performing his duty towards the community , it is still unavoidable that men should view the same subject in different lights , and that the absence of such standards from demonstration or experiment as the reasoners on other sciences . C 3 n appeal to should create douht 3 and introduce diversities of opinion . In some cases these differences may yield to full discussion , but in not a few instances they will remain , and here is precisely the inestimable advantage of such a union as ours . That discussion and explanation may often remove the grounds of dissent is undeniable . We h ave classical authority for observing that , how widely soever men may differ in their reasonings upon human conduct , it is singular how
seldom they differ much in the judgments which they form respecting it . We may go further and affirm that there is less diversity of opinion than might have been supposed even upon general subjects ; and that ignorance or misinformation , or inattentive and therefore inaccurate observation , or careless reflection and hasty declaration , is the cause of most of these differences . However that may be , we summon those who honestly differ in opinions , because they regard the same subject from different points of view , to look at both sides , when possibly they may be found . to agree , and because it is of incalculable importance that those points on which they are agreed should be separated from the rest , and the measures approved regarding which no material difference exists . . . . Upon the beneficial effects of united action in its different
applications I can venture to speak from an experience of some duration and considerably varied . It -may suffice to mention two instances of this successful operation . About thirty years ago , the Society for Diffusing Useful Knowledge was founded , its object being to bring the different branches of science and of literature within the reach of the great bulk of the community "by reducing the cost of books , maps , and prints to a very moderate scale , and by preparing various works at once didactic and attractive . The committee which carried on these operations consisted of sixtypersons among the most eminent in science and literature , ancient and modern , with members of three learned professions , and distinguished statesmen . Eegular
meetings were held to receive reports of sub-committees charged with preparing the various works composed either by their own members or by authors who were employed . Every matter was discussed by the general committee , both on the writings submitted and on the new works to be undertaken . The most severe examination had been applied by the sub-committees , but the " proof-sheets were further submitted to the whole of the members , who had to consider both the substance and the manner of treating ; it ; and even those who on any subject might not feel competent to criticize the scientific part exercised a vigilant superintendence over the style , so that errors in composition and offences against correct , even severe , taste were sure to be detected . "
His Lordship then gave some particulars of the immense sales which were attained by the publications of the Society ; of the effect they had in advancing popular education , and cheapening sound literature ; and of those similar efforts which were made in emulation of the London Society in France , Holland , America , and other countries . Before quitting this part of his subject , Lord Brougham denied the common assertion that the Society had ceased to exist . " It is a body incorporated by Itoyul charter , and cannot be extinguished unless by a forfeiture , although for some years it has not been in active operation , because almost all the purposes of its institution have been amply fulfilled . " He also denied tlmt classical studies were underrated in its publications .
" But the other experience to which reference may be lu »( l is that " of the body whoso objects approach most nearly to our own—the Society for Promoting the Amendment of the Law . It would not be easy to describe the many pernicious attempts at legislation which it hus stopped ia their earliest stages—attempts tending to . tlie injury , not to tho amendment of tho law ; ami , if ending iu failure and its attendant exposure , calculated to bring the great cause of legal improvement into disrepute . l ? ut it is more pleasing to dwell upon the signal benefits that have accrued from the measures maturely digested and strenuously promoted which have obtained the sanction first of the public assent—that is the approval of those who are callable nml well informedmid , filially , the assont of the legislature itself . To give particular instances would only weary tliowc who arc familiar with the history of the society ; but ; lain bound to slute that since iu establishment in 1811 most of tlio bill . s which 1 have brought forward , and of which many have been paused , making a great change in ouv jinlf .-pruduncc , ciLhcr originated ia the- inquiries a ; td reports of the . society ' s committees , or owed to the labours and authority of that body valuable help towiirdd , first , their preparation , next , their adoption , Tlio great measure of loeiil judicature , and tlio . so which aroso out of tho commqu law and real property coinmiasion . H , wero no doubt adopted prior to tho aociety ' a foundation ; but
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¦ . ¦ . . . . % . ' . ¦ . ¦ ' ¦ No . 395 ; October 17 , 1 ^ 57 . ] T H E L E A D E K . __ __ 989
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 17, 1857, page 989, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2214/page/5/
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