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suit CranDEREi / L-A .. The eight footmen , however —are they men or automata ? Is it credible that those pagan figures , with xoBe-colonred legs , are human ? If not , what right has my Xiord Mayor Ca . ebe 2 T to thrust" his idolatry into the presence of the metropolitan police ? "Under any circumstances , why should City antiquarianism uncoil itself in the thoroughfares of the "West-end ? The absurdity was tolerable when it was half enacted on the water ; but it has now taken possession of the Strand ; the job-horses of the state-coach tick and pull across the approach to one of our principal railways , our law-courts are blockaded , and our streets flooded with pickpockets , and all because a worthy alderman is appointed to an eminent office in the City for the space of one year . Of course no foreiguer is ' intelligent' unless it be an article of his creed that England is governed—1 . by the liordMayor of London ^ 2 . by the . Queen ; 3 . by Parliament . At these follies we smile ; and yet we have our Juggernaut — our November processioncompared with which the installation of the Royal "White Elephant of Siam is a respecttable ceremony .
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THE HEALTH OF LONDON . Dr . IiEthebt's Mnth Annual Report of the Sanitary Condition of the City of l / ondon has just been issued . As it is a valuable supplerneut to some observations and statistics We advanced a short time since on the health of the metropolis , we append to . our former statements a few facts and figures furnished "by this indefatigable medical officer . It appears that out of a population of nearly 130 , 000 souls , there died in the course of the year ending Michaelmas last , 2904 persons , being , with one exception , tlie smallest proportion of deaths on
Tecord , or just 9 per cent , below the general average . Such is the desirable result of those sanitary measures which have been within the last few years projected and vigorously enforced . But the effects of this health-surveillance are still more apparent ou a . further analysis . In the central district the improvement has been to the extent of 13 per cent , above the general average , and in some places it has reached to 38 per cent . ; whilst in others it has only amounted to 7 , and even 3 per cent . Still the proportion shows well when compared with other cities , or even the rest of England . The rate of mortality for the whole kingdom is ascertained to be 22 . 8 for every 1000 souls ; in large cities , such as Manchester , Bristol , Birmingham , Liverpool , 25 . 26 ; for the City of London it numbers only 22 . 3 1 ' ot every 1000 . We have shown , on a former occasion , how prepouderatingly numerous are the deaths which take place amongst children up to the age of five years . This statement is confirmed by Dr . Letheby's . Report . Qf 1000 who died last year , 400 did not reach their fifth year ; the least mortality occurred between that , period and the age of twenty ; the greatest between the fourth epoch of life , that is , from forty to sixty . Taking the period from ten to thirty-five years , it appears that the advantages are greatly in favour of City life , though at the other ages the proportion of deaths within the walls of London lfl ivmch . larger than in the rest of England . Wo ar « also enabled to form a -valuable comparison of the influence of occupation Jjponjiealfch . According to the Keport , wo lind " that butchers , poulterers , fishmongers , firhoplceepors , and merchants havo died at the rate of only from 15 to 1 G per 1000 , whilo tailors and weavers , shoemakers ) , printers , « nd compomtors have died at the rate of from 20 to 28 per 1000 ; wino merelmuts , publicans and waiters , portera and messengers , at
the rate of from 24 * to 26 per 1000 ; blacksmiths and gasfitters , painters and glaziers , dyers , bargemen , and watermen , from 28 to 30 > in the 1000 ; cabmen , draymen , ostlers , carmen , and stablekeepers , at the rate of 31 per 1000 ; clerks and needlewomen at from 34 to 35 per 1000 ; and , lastly , the hardworking class of carpenters , masons , and labourers , at from 43 to 45 per 1000 . There is , ' however , another method of testing the influence of occupation , and that ia by ascertaining in which professions or calling the greatest longevity is attained ; for taking ,
as we are authorized to do , the figure 51 as the mean age at death among the adult population , we find that each class haB its particular longevity . For instance , the merchant , shopkeeper , and domestic servant will live , on the average , to be nearly 57 years of age ; the butcher , poulterer , and fishmonger , to be about 53 ; the painter and dyer , the costermonger .. and hawker , the bargeman and "waterman , fall below the mean standard ^ surviving only to the age of 48 or 49 ; the printer and compositor to 45 ; and the baker and confectioner to 42 . The wives of
cabmen and publicans succumb , it appears , at the age of 41 , whilst the poor needlewoman sinks , under the pressure of confinement and unremitting application , at the early average age of 4-0 . These are instructive figures , and suggest curious inquiries . It is not our intention , however , at present to enter into any farther analysis or comparison of them , or draw the inferences that seem so obvious .
We see that , according to-the proportion of deaths which occurred last year with the proportion of previous years , no less than 286 lives were saved . This happy result must , of course , be attributed to the efforts of the sanitary officers to improve the habitations of the poorer classes and enforce attention to cleanliness and decency , as well as to the introduction of other accessories of domestic comfort .
There is one other feature in tlie Ueport to which it is worth while to draw public attention . " We allude to the particular malady which belongs to special classes . Erom the table before us we learn that phthisis or consumption seems to be the chief disease of needlewomen , printers , bakers , cabmen , and policemen ; fever prevails most among domestic servants , needlewomen ^ and cabmen ;
bronchitis and pneumonia among labourers , painters , butchers , costermongers , and hawkers ; brain diseases among porters , publicans , watermen , and bargemen ; and liver comnlaints among publicans specially . These tacts are not without their significance . It shows forcibly how closely habit and disease are connected , and also indicates how much might be eii ' ected , how much risk avoided , by prudence aud self-control .
We have already described what is being done to carry out the plans of our sanitary reformers . The work is not slackened under the eye and hand of Dr . Xietheby . Although no spot is impregnable to the attacks of insidious epidemics , we are assured that every effort is being made to put the City into an effective state of preparation ia case a visitation of cholera should take place ; and this not by any extraordinary exertion , "but by simply
carrying out the orders of the Board—removing the filth that ferments in our narrow and crowded streets and alleys , improving the water supply of the different houses of the poor , and inducing habits of cleanliness . { Should any symptoms of the epidemic appear , Dr . Letjieby ia ready with his plan ot defence . " One thing , " ho says , " I would ibrco upon the attention of tlie parish authorities . It iB , that they should be ready for the nppointtnent of a house to house visitation , under the direction of their district
medical officers , directly the first signs of the disease are with us , for experience has shown that the diarrhoea which precedes an attack of cholera is mostly susceptible of cure . " As it is , we may congratulate ourselves on the health- we enjoy and the longevity to which we attain over our ancestors . Coming down to the latter end of the seventeenth century , when pretty reliable data could be obtained , we find that the expectancy of a man ' s life at the age of 30 was only to about 56 ; at the present time it is to 63 . Could -we go back further , there is little doubt we should be able to draw a sfcill more favourable comparison between the present age and the ages which preceded us .
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AN INDISCREET APOLOGIST . When we reported last week the afterdinner exultation of the Junior Lord at the failure of the launch at Millwall , we were far from imagining that lie would be rash enough to faU into the trap which we had laid for official apologists . But to our infinite surprise and amusement the Junior Lord has actually been rash enough to launch himself into print . Here are his very words , as we find them in a snug corner of last week's jExaminer : —
" If the miscarriage in the attempted launch , of the Great Eastern had happened in one of the Queen's yards , the current strain of observation would have been , 'How differently they manage these things in the private yards ; ' and the Admiralty would have been advised to take a lesson from Messrs . Mare and Co ., Mi-Green , or some other great builder , &c . &c . " Truly we had not believed the ' Thomas Ua . ikes , Esq ., ' of Whig circles capable of such delightful naivete . If the Whigs must have a skeleton at their feasts , by all means let him be a well-fed one !
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The Atlanhc Telegraph . — -The long and most tedious process of winding this enormous length of cable from out the holds of the Agamemnon and the Niagara has been completed , and the Atlantic telegraph , like a monster snake , is about to hybernate for the winter at Plymouth , in the Keyham-yard . A large shed has here been specially builtfor its reception ; itis one hundred and twenty feet by fifty wide , and divided into four water-tight compartments ; so that the perfect insulation of the whole length can be tested under water whenever it may be deemed advisable . The Agamemnon will go into harbour , and the Niagara has returned to America , where various alterations suggested by tlia experience of the late attempt will be made in her iaternal fittings , that no mechanical aids or conveniences may be wanting to the proper accommodation and paying out of her portion of the coil . It is expected that she will return to this country in the early part of next year , again to bear her part in the great undertakingunder better auspices , and , we most sincerely trust , with better results . In the meantime , during the whole of the winter , Mr . Whitehouse , tlie chief electrician of the company , will bo engaged in a variety of experiments upon the cable . There seems an unusual demand just now for submarine cables , no less than live or six cables for different places and Governments having been lately completed . Nearly all of them , have been made by Glasse and Elliott . One was for the Swedish Government ; one for the Danish , to connect Denmark with Sweden ; one to connect Ceylon and Colombo on the main land ; and one to join Kurrachee with Calcutta . In nearly all these cases the conducting wires have been formed in the same manner and of tho same sized wires as in the enso of tho Atlantic telegraph . —Times . Ciiuncn and State . —There are two points connected with tho Established Church that may continu « for some time to occupy the attention of tho roligious public . Tho first has reference to Oxford , and tho second to Exeter Hall . The Town Council of the city of Oxford , it will be remembered , determined some time since to dispense with the old-fashioned oath of fealty , or submission , to the University , and the University authorities have intimated to the Corporation that the oath must bo taken . The Corporation , by a unanimous vote , H » 3 'a it will do nothing of tho land , and thus tho removirttranco of the University falls to tho ground aa a dead letter . With respect to Exeter Hull , Lord Shnftesbury has been more obedient to ccclciinntiunl influence . Large placards nt tho door on Sunday nig' » t announced to largo crowds who road thoia that , in oonsoqueuco of tho mandate of tho parish minister forbidding tho Sunday evening scrvieos , tlie . so aervici's could not bo hold until tho law hud decided whet her they could thus bo simiircssod . —Morniun Mar .
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"NO . 399 , JN 0 VEMBEIM 4 , 1857 . J TH . E . : L , 1 A .. J ) JK . 1095
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 14, 1857, page 1095, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2217/page/15/
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