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iats in England , andpretendingthat allits arraaments aremade solely with a view to protection agamst possible English aggression . Thepassage in . Mr . Cobdenrs speech ] at Rbchdale referring to this subject is conspicuously printed in the Moniteur .
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^ i GERMANY . August 24 th , 1859 . — -The active minded patriotic German is an object of compassion as well as respect . With the best reasons and noblest aims , no fails to inspire into the sluggish mass of his fellow countrymen a portion of his public spirit . Although tlio most intelligent men of every country in Germany have come forward at the risk of groat personal loss , to agitate for union and representative institutions , which all know and feel are the only means of securing their country from invasion or revolution , yet the great body of-the people stand idly by as if they wore not in the least concerned in the matter , nnhfa ™ . infiil indifference has already produced xts
disheartening effect , and many doubting of euccosa are about to withdraw with the intention of confining their efforts to commercial reforms merely . I » ad expected to bo able to report this weolc an extension of the agitation . Ten days ago it promised so woll that I fully anticipated to seo the people in every town actively supporting the movoment . Mora animation may possibly bo evinced in the coupe of time , out at thia moment there are np grounds for the presumption . Qn the 17 th a meeting representing all classes of the intelligent population was hoi * at ? Gotha , at which a declaration similar to that of tho TT / inoverian deputies was accepted unanimously i it
concludes thus : " Wo proclaim out adhesion to tho manifestation of Nassau , of Frankfort , of Eisenach , of Stutgardt , and of Hanover in favour of
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THE ZURICH CONFERENCE . At the banquet given by the Austrian Ambassador , in honour of the birthday of tho Emperor Francis Joseph , Count Colloredo said that tho foot of all the plenipotentiaries being present proved that the work of peace would bo drowned with success . Tho negotiators have really made some progress towards the accomplishment of their task . We are now told that every detail of the terms upon which Austria gives up Lombardy to the kingdom of Sardinia is satisfactorily settled . Tho affairs of the Duohies will be treated of directly between the Courts of Vienna and Paris . The telegram of Thursday flays : —" Count Colloredo had a alight attaok of apoplexy yesterday evening , but is bettor to-day , "
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PONIATOWSKTT'S MISSION . LsiwqnRB from Florence inform ub that Prince Ponfatowoky , who has arrived in Florence , has hold very
Strong language to the Tuscan Government in the name of the Emperor Napoleon . This latter , strongly bent , as he affects to be , on a reconciliation between the Tuscans and their Lorrainese rulers , intimates through his envoy that , although he will abstain himself from all votes der fait , he at the same time will not oppose the armed intervention of Austria , should the Emperor Francis Joseph have a fancy to strike a blow for his Grand Ducal cousins , Ricasoli answered with great firmness that Tuscany is armed , and will abide her fate . The Tuscan Government , however , offers to come to terms with the Lorraine dynasty , upon the sole condition that
Austria shall withdraw from all the Venetian territory , and that Venice , together with Lombardy , shall be annexed to Piedmont under the dynasty of Savoy . These rumours concerning Prince Poniatowsky ' s interview with Baron Ricasoli come from , tolerably authentic sources . There are persons who confidently assert that Poniatowski is the bearer of two letters—one from the ex-Grand Duke Leopold IL , announcing his abdication in favour of his son , and another from that son Ferdinand . The letter of the young " Pretender " is lavish of the most extravagant promises . If the Tuscans be willing to bend their stiff necks to the
yoke , Austria , the would-be Grand Duke assures them , will appoint one of her myriad of arehdukes to govern the ancient state of the Doge on a completely independent footing . Other quidnuncs who do not hesitate to connect the journey of Prince Poniatowsky with the intrigues which are undoubtedly afoot in favour of Prince Napoleon Jerome for the throne of Tuscany , and Mpntanelli repeats to those whojwiah , or do not wish , to hear it , that in his interview with the Emperor Napoleon III . at Paris , the mighty monarch assured him that the union of Tuscany with the North Italian Kingdom was a sheer impossibility . The idea that the upshot of all these movements will be the creation of a kingdom of Central Italy in behalf of Prince Napoleon keeps many thinking men in a state of constant painful anxiety . The National Assembly last Saturday unanimously voted the annexation of Tuscany to Pied- ; mont amid , shouts of " Vivail Me "
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ANNEXATION OF THE DUCHIES ^ TO THE KINGDOM OF VICTQE EMMANUEL . The dictatorship which Farini abdicated on the meeting of the National Assembly of . Modern , has been conferred on him again by the unanimous vote of that body . Another resolution of this National Assembly recommends the Dictator to use aU efforts in order to effect the restitution of the political prisoners whom Francis V . carried away with him on leaving the country . ' . ¦ . _ , ___ _ has unanimous vot
The National Assembly by an e declared the forfeiture of Francis V . and any other prince of the House of Hapsburg-Lorraine , to the ducal throne , and has also resolved to confirm and maintain the union of the Modehese provinces to the monarchical and constitutional kingdom of the glorious House of Savoy , under the sceptre of the magnanimous King Victor Emmanuel II . " The Nord remarks : —It is impossible not to perceive that the grand national movement in Tuscany and Modena has nobhing demagogical in its
character and spirit . The oldest , most powerful , and wealthiest families are at its head , and it would be absurd to accuse them of entertaining revolutionary principles . There is no hope for anarchy or disorder . Everything is done quietly , nor is there any violence in language even . People calmly express their sincere desires and profound convictions . All seem determined not to take back , the fugitive princes . The stipulations of Villafranca will , therefore , prove unrealisable , so far as the duchies are concerned . But what will be the result ? There
seems to be only two alternatives ^— -the annexation of the duchies of Tuscany and . Modena to Piedmont , or the formation of a Central Italian kingdony to include , perhaps , with the two duchies , the legations , and the cities of Parma and Piacenza .
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LEAGUE OF CENTRAL ITALY . The . defensive league ! between the provisional governments of Tuscany and Bologna and the dictator of Modena has been signed by the Marquis- Ginori for Tuscany , the Marquis Coccapani for Modena , and Prince Astorre Hercolani for the junta of Bologna . The object of this league is thus defined by the Italian journals : —To prevent the restoration of the fallen governments ; to maintain internal order ; and to lay down the bases of the assimilation of institutions . General Garibaldi passed in review on the 16 th , on the exercise ground of Modena , a part of the eleventh division of the Italian army , and declared himself much pleased with its appearance . He afterwards visited the military hospitals , and spoke most kindly to several of the wounded soldiers . He has also dismissed the whole of the numerous , useless , gaudily-attired general etat major , or staff , with which General Ulloa had too freely encumbered the Tuscan army . Poor jeunesse dor be I
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THE HOLY FATHER AND HIS LATE SUBJECTS . The Pope is preparing for an attack upon his lost provinces of Romagna . The enlistment at Rome and in the Marches proceeds with unprecedented briskness . Every recruit receives a bounty of 3 OQf . and the unheard-of pay of four pauls—nearly 2 a . — a day . The runaway Swiss from Naples hasten to take service under the Papal standard . It seems very clear that the first aggression on the revolutionised States of Central Italy will be directed against the Ronaagnas * The Pope can rely on the all but open support both of the Most Christian and of the Most Faithful Sovereigns . Men and mopey to the full amount of his wants will be supplied to tho . 'Popo underhand by all the Powers of Catholic Christendom . . '
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THE NEW AUSTRIAN MINISTRY . A MrarasTKY has been formed under Count Rechberg , which , from its composition , gives promise of an able and energetic administration of affairs . The new ministers are all staunch Conservatives , and little disposed to promote the liberal measures so loudly demanded by the popular voice . The most remarkable men in , the new cabinet are the late Governor of Galicia , Count Golowchowski , who will undertake the Home Department j , and the late ambassador at Paris , Baron Hubner , abandons the diplomatic career , and assumes the direction of the Police . The objects which occupy the attention of the Superior Council of Austria , in the way of internal reform , are—first , as respects the finances , then the free exercise of the Protestant religion , the regulation of Jewish affairs , and the regulation of municipalities . The subject of the representation of the provinces is reserved for the present . There appears to have been a fear in the court circle of too rapid progress being made in' these measures of reform .
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THE FORTIFICATIONS OF ANTWERP . In the Belgian Chamber of Deputies on the X 7 th , General Cnazal , the Minister of War , concluded a speech which had lasted several days >(!) in favour of the measure . He quoted the opinion of Napoleon the First , who , as early as 1804 , had decided that Antwerp should be converted into a fortress of the first class . The project of law was carried . Several speakers improved upon the Government plan , and suggested that Brussels should be fortified as well as Antwerp . The feature of this debate was the distrust of France , implied rather than expressed by the majority of tho speakers .
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The King of PnussrA . —The King continues to linger in tho same hopeless state , but bulletins will henceforward be issued only once a day . The Opera has resumed its representations , and the Prince Regent has gone to Osfcend . All symptoms indicate that no immediate change for tho worse , is expected . itussiA : Dawn oit a Nbw Era (?)—A St . Petersburg letter says : — " On the 20 th of September the Hereditary Grand Duke will enter his sixteenth year , and , according to tho laws of the empire , will attain his majority and take part in tho deliberations of tho Council of the Empire , and be present at tho Councils of Ministers . It isbelieved that on that day the general emancipation of tho serfs of Russia will bo proclaimed . The Grand Duke Constantino is to return to St . Petersburg for the occasion . Grand fetes are to be given in honour of tho event .
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AMERICAN POLITICS . The August elections have , as a whole , resultei favourably for the democracy . In the old Whig ; State of Kentucky the Opposition attempted , to outbid the Administration for Southern , votes . They took . ground for a slave code for the " territories " ¦ and congressional legislation on the subject , and were in consequenc © - soundly thrashed ; In Tennessee , also , another Whig State , in the days "when that party had an existence , they took the opposite ground , let slavery alone , and talked about local affairs , and did not deny that their sympathies were with the Republicans . They were beaten in the State by a reduced majority
and gained some members of Congress . In Texas , also , General Houston , the independent democratic candidate for Governor , is reported to have prevailed over the regular candidate on the basis of hostility to negro agitation and the reopening of the slave trade . Thus in the Southern States there seems to be setting in a conservative current of hostility to the new tests of the Southern wing of the party . It seems strange that , in the second half of the 19 th century , men should be found to seriously advocate the reopening of the African slave trade . All the influences of nearly three generations of teaching and practice seem to have been of np avail against the powerful impulses of necessity and avarice .
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Siokuss at .-a Discount . —Europe , it seems , may have another distinguished visitor" before the year ends . The notorious and Hon . D . E . Sickles has a trip to Italy in prospect , in case he should be defeated in the contest for the seat he now holds in the House of Representatives . It has been asserted that petitions from his constituents , asking him to resign his seat , were in circulation for signatures . None have been presented to him as yet , nor have meetings been held for the same object , though it has frequently been proposed to call them . . Mr . Sickles had the good taste , however , to absent himself from the recent meeting of the State Democratic Central Committee , of which he is a member . The Goi / d in Central America . — Private letters , received within the last few days , give further information . concerning the discoveries of gold at Chirigui , in New Grenada . These communications are dated at Bocodel Toro . They state that the cemeteries which contain these treasures , in the shape of golden images or idols , are the burial places of tribes long since extinct . These images are buried with their former owners , and are placed , not in the coffins , but under the bottom of the stone , beneath which the Indian ' s worldly wealth is deposited . The natives call them sapos , calmomes , camaroues , bongueros , &c , &c . Already fifty thousand dollars in pure gold- had been extracted , and so great was the excitement , that all the inhabitants of one town had deserted their homes and gone to the places . It is said that the cemeteries where these images may be found are almost innumerable , and that they are scattered along the north and south sides of the Cordilleras , These discoveries , of course , start the inquiry as to where the gold was originally procured . California miners of experience have been sent for to ascertain where the mines from which it was taken are situated .
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No . ^ Q ^ Aug . 27 , 1859-1 THE LEAPEB . 979
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 27, 1859, page 979, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2309/page/7/
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