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Leader (1850-1860), 24th September 1859, Edition 1 of 2, Page 1077

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      favours asked , and perhaps granted , a report as from a mighty gun startles all ; the atmosphere is filled with splinters of wood and iron ; a vast mass is hurled high into the air , and the rush of steam , mingled with cries ' from wounded and dying men proclaims the awful fact of an explosion ! It was at this time the right men were found in the right place , and some authority was put forth , when captain and volunteers dashed down into the roused Pandemonium to help and save that which was not yet beyond help , and which there was a chance of saving . — Steam Shipping Chronicle . Kew Gardens . — The Royal Palace Pleasure Gardens and new Arboretum will close for the season on or about the 30 th instant . The Victoria Regia , the Lotus , and an American Aloe , are now in flower in the Botanical Gardens .

      The Livingstone Expedition . —News of a more cheerful kind has been received of this adventure , and has been communicated to the British Association now assembled at Aberdeen . This intelligence shows that the expeditionary party are all very well and in good spirits , and are proceeding on their journey . African Cotton Supplt . —An important meeting to promote the objects of the African Civilisation Society has been held in Manchester . Mr . Bourne laid before the meeting-a scheme for the formation of settlements in the Yoruba country toy wMch the growth of cotton might be encouraged , and its exportation to this country facilitated . Several leading merchants , clergymen , and philanthropists were present , and some of them took part in the proceedings . .

      Palmerston on Railways . —On Tuesday his lordship cut the first sod of the Andover and Redbridge Railway at Romsey , and took occasion to remark as follows upon the value of railways and telegraphs : — " Of all the improvements in modern times the introduction of railways is perhaps the one which has done most for the prosperity of this country , and I may say of all countries in which they have been established . If we look at the wonderful augmentation which has taken place in this country within the last 20 years it must strike us that it has sprung in a great measure from the multiplication of the means of communication . In business we all know time is worth money , and if it be true with regard to money that a penny saved is

      a penny got , the days and weeks saved by the introduction of- railway accommodation must be worth to the manufacturing and commercial interests vast annual sums of money . One of the most remarkable features of the policy of England is the manner in which private enterprise accomplishes works which in other countries require the aid and assistance of Government , We admire the remains of the works of the Romans , but I venture to assert that no works remain . as memorials of the greatness and capacity of that nation which can for a moment compare with the works erected by private enterprise in different parts of this country for commercial purposes . Long may that spirit of enterprise animate the people of this country , and long may of wealth

      it not only manifest the amount possessed by this country , but also lay the foundation for the rapid increase of that wealth and the augmentation of our national prosperity . A careful attention to those laws of nature and a scientific application of them tend as much to the permanent improvement of mankind as a submission to the moral ordinances contributes to welfare of a different nature . And so it has been with the civilisation of the age in which wo live . That expansive and explosive force which in its unregulated operation lays waste districts by the overflowing of a volcano , or spreads desolation over cities and towns by an earthquake , when governed and regulated by the scientific appliances of man has been converted into your obedient slave , transports you from place to place by land

      throughout the whole continent or Europe , and , applied to your navigation , carries you safely and rapidly from one end of the globe to the other . So it is also with the thunderbolt , that natural clement which inspires torrov into the ignorantwhich , when acting simply by the casual application of the laws of nature , is productive of death and destruction , yet guided and " mastered by the science of the present time becomes your servant , carries your ideas instantaneously from point to point , establishes rapid conversational communication between all the different parts of the globe , and now wo hope in a very short time- —betbvo many months , indeed , liave elapsed—that wo shall communicate as rapidly between London and Calcutta as wo havo hitherto communicated between ono end of tho-enmllest village and the other . "

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      LIBERTY OF THE PRESS IN FRANCE . The Moniteur of Sunday last contained an announcement to the effect that some newspapers alluded to a decree which it was supposed would appear to modify the laws of the press . This news is without any foundation . On the following day the Moniteur contained a circular of the Minister of the Interior , addressed to the Prefects , dated 18 th September , concerning the regime of the press : — " ¦ The Minister holds it necessary to remind the Prefects of the principle upon which the late decree concerning the effect of the warnings given to newspapers were founded . He says the decree

      of the -1 . 7 th of February , 1852 , is not a law enacted on account of a particular crisis , and which would not be available during a time of peace and tranquillity . Like every political law , this one is also capable of improvement , but the principles of the law are closely connected with the restoration of authority in France , and with the creation of unity of power , based on universal suffrage . The Government does not fear the discussion of its acts in a loyal spirit , neither does it fear any attacks ; but the general welfare of the people imposes upon the Government the obligation of not putting aside lawful arms , which are guarantees , and not obstructions , to the right of publication of one ' s opinion , which could not be taken away from an enlightened people like the French .

      This right is not to be confounded with the exercise of the liberty of the press by means of newspapers . If the Government reserves to itself the right to punish abuses , it does not interfere with the liberty of expressing one ' s thoughts , and will retain those restrictions only which are required out of respect for the Constitution , the legitimacy of the Imperial dynasty , arid the interest of order , morality , and religion . The Government is far from imposing a servile approbation of its measures ; it will always tolerate opposition in a serious spirit , and will not confound the right of control with a systematic opposit i on and premeditated ill-will . The Government will be only too glad to be enlightened itself by fair criticism arid discussion , but will not permit society to be troubled by culpable excitation or hostile passions . "

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      THE FUTURE RULERS OF ITALY . We find the following in a Paris letter : — " The great report of the day , said to be based on private despatches from Biarritz , but with respect to the value of which ' I can say nothing , is that the knotty question of the Duchies is arranged , that Tuscany is to be reigned over by King Leopold ' s second son , and Parma and Modena united under the Archduke Maximilian . Such a settlement , if indeed it be completed , must be considered as decidedly favourable to Austria , while , at the same time , as far as the Belgian Prince is concerned , it ought riot to be unacceptable to the Italians . The allotment of the two small Duchies to an Austrian Archduke

      would doubtless cause great dissatisfaction , at least at first , even although the one selected be , of all the family , the man , who should stand best in Italian opinion . I repeat , ' however , that these are but reports , and may prove utterly baseloss . _ They have obtained wide currency , and t . o them is , in great measure , attributed the slight improvement at today ' s Bourse . Whatever they may be worth , the feeling out of doors is better ,, and there seems a growing belief that things are tending to conciliation . Tlio ultra-Italian party alone aro dissatisfied , and refuse all belief in the reports above cited . " With regard to the prospects of Prince Napoleon , another writes : —It is clear , that unless the Frenoh Emperor too flagrantly departs ; from the popular policy to which ho owes his rise , the day must come when the question shall in plain words bo put to the Italians , Will you or will you not take this French

      Prince to bo your lord and master ?"—when the destinies of the Italians , at least pro forma , will depend on their own steadiness -of purpose . " The Italians havo great fuith especially in Groat Britain , and the lbud sympathy expressed in their behalf by tho whole English press lms had no little effect towards assuaging tho bitter disappointment caused by tho fatal pcuco of Villafrauca . Tho onthronement of 1 ' iincc Napoleon is only a first step , they think , towards tho establishment of an irrosistlblo supremacy , or , indood , absolute sovereignty of Franco in Italy . The holplossness of the Pope ( who since tho withdrawal of tho Austrian troops from tho Romagna ami , the , breach of tho Concordat of 1855 , on the part of tho bewildered Cabinet of Vienna ,, has boon thrown utterly into tho power of tho French autocrat ) and the disorders in the Two Sicilies , which may at any moment open

      the way for the promotion of another French Prince to the Bourbon throne at Naples , ought to open the eyes of . those sanguine statesmen who too readily accepted N apoleon ' s assertion , that " the . war of Lombardy was actuated by no personal . or dynastic ambition on his part . " Napoleon rules at Rome since 1849 , and has so managed matters as to perpetuate his occupation of the Eternal City . England and her allies may not be able to undo what was done with their tacit consent ten years ago ; but will they carry their improvidence even to allowing French garrisons to settle at the Belvedere at Florence ,, or at the Castle of St . Elmo at Naples ? Upon all these considerations the Italians ground their hopes that England will not give her sanction to the establishment of Prince Napoleon in

      Central Italy , or of a Murat in the Two Sicilies , but will rather aid the Italians in that work of unification which they have as yet furthered with so admirable a tact and discretion ; and they flatter themselves , at least , that , if they are to see the Prince seated on an Etrurian throne , England will take care that his position should be rendered so thoroughly independent of French ascendancy , that the people should have such solid securities against French intrigue or violence , as not only to allow Central Italy her own free course as a separate State , but even full liberty so to associate her destinies with Piedmont and North Italy by the closest alliances , and so work out a national union by such means as her altered destinies would still admit of . r-

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      At Langford , in Devonshire , a toll-house ana gate wore some time since erected . Tho inhabitants felt themselves aggrloved , and both the gate and the toll-housG wore a few days ago destroyed by fire . Suspicions havo , of course , been raisou , but as yet tho police havo no clue to tho offenders .

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      VICTOR EMMANUEL AND THE ITALIANS . It is on Saturday next , September 24 , at Monza , says a Tuscan letter , in Lombardy , that the King of Sardinia will receive the deputation from Romagna , charged to offer him the sovereignty of that part of the Papal States . The anti-Italian party are in great hopes that Victor Emmanuel will , on this occasion , either shake the confidence of his supporters , or afford the French Elnperor a pretext to break with him . No doubt the brave and honest King must find it very difficult to frame an answer , hemmed in as he is by powerful enemies and false friends . Notwithstanding , however , a report

      published by a London journal that the Emperor Napoleon has required the King not to give a merely evasive answer , but a positive refusal of the proffered annexation of these provinces , there is reason to believe that the speech to the Romagnese deputation will not differ in substance from that made to the Tuscans . Some expressions of profound respect for the Pope , as the head of the catholic church , there undoubtedly will be ,, but the latest and most authentic intelligence from Italy gives no countenance to the supposition that Piedmont will separate the cause of the Legations from that of the other provinces of Central

      Italy . The Sardinian Government has addressed a circular to the Great Powers , denying the report of the cession of Savoy to France , and declaring such report to be entirely void of foundation . The high-minded Massimo d'Azeglio sends forth a loud trumpet note from his solitude of Cannero on Lake Maggiore . In a note in the Opinione of Turin , of the 16 th last , he addresses the Sardinian Government , and urges upon them the duty of extending to Romagna that same patronage thoy have promised to the people of the Duchies , to make one common cause with all tho Italian people , and to lose no time in taking upon thefnselves tho

      provisional government of these Central Italian provinces , while thoir ultimate fate hangs on tho rusty scales of European councils . There is no doubt tfut Italy has men , and if tho King of Sardiniu , taking counsel of his bravo heart , wore to dismiss from Ins service the puny pigmies who now form his Cabinet , and summon to his side Cavour and D'Azeglio , he would find in the mind of tho former and in tho soul of tho latter such aid as would enable him to break through tho moshos with which wily diplomacy has en Government has notified to tho Plenipotentiaries of the Grand Duke to evacuate flio I alaco within three days , and in case of nan-compliance the property of the Grand Duke is to bo sequestered .

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      Tin ^ ii 5 Is ? i , ^ Sri'i . ! I : r&s ° - Latis advices from Vancouver ' s Island reporting the occupation of tho island of San Juan had created groat intorost . The papers discuss tho question in very moderate terms . It appears that early in July General Ilarnoy landed with about fifty Americans , commenced erecting barracks , and issued a proclamation claiming tho island as United btutoa territory . He rejoctod the first proposition for n 'joint occupancy until tho matter could bo referred to tho respoctivo Governments , and refused to allow some British Sappers , and Miners to land . I ho garrison was placed under the command of Captain Pickey . Governor Douglas then Issued a proolanm-

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      No . 496 . Sept . 24 , 18591 THE LEADER . 1077

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 24, 1859, page 1077, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2313/page/9/