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390etw that March 10, 1840. ^ THE NORTHE...
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? KINGS A>T> THROXES ARE FAILING. BY TUB...
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!THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF FRANCOIS-RENE, VIS...
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TAe Speech of Daniel Whittle Harvey, Esq...
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An Unsophisticated Genealogy of Her Maje...
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Receipt Stamps.—The commercial community...
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WMSCK OF AX EMJGMANT SHU* OFF THK 7fvS? ...
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A Frenchman- at his English Studiks.—Fre...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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390etw That March 10, 1840. ^ The Northe...
March 10 , 1840 . ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . " 3
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THE ACRES AND THE HANDS . BY DTJGAXSE . " The earthis the Lord ' s , and the fulness thereof , Says God ' most holv word : The water hath fish , and the land hath flesh , And the air hath many a hird ; And the soil is teeming o ' er the earth , And the earth hath numberless hands ; let millions of hands want acres , "While millions of acres want hands . Sunlight and breeze , and gladsome flowers , Are o er the earth spread wide ; And the good God gave these gifts to men—To men who on earth abide ; let thousands are toiling in poisonous gloom , And shackled with iron bands , "While millions ef hands want acres , And millions of acres want hands .
Sever a rood hath a poor man here , To plant with a grain of corn , And never a plot where his child may cull Fresh flowers in dewy morn ; The soil lies fallow , the weeds grow rank , Yet idle the poor man stands I Ah ! Bullions of hands want acres , And millions of acres want hands . —Iforib Lone Express .
? Kings A>T> Throxes Are Failing. By Tub...
? KINGS A > T > THROXES ARE FAILING . BY TUB REV . J . C . LORD , B . D . ( From an American Agrarian Reform Journal , enti tied The National Reformer and Pittsburgh ( Penn svlvania ) Saturday Mercury . )
Kings and Thrones are falling , The sound comes o ' er the sea , " Deep unto deep is calling , " To the conflict of the free , At the voices of the nations , like the roaring of a flood , The " sun is changed to darkness , the moon is changed to blood . " The word of power is spoken In accents loud and long , The iron chain is broken From the ancles of the strong . The blind and beaten giant is staggering up at length , And the pillars of his prison house begin to feel his
strength . To exile goes the King , The Throne is in the street , The royal floors are echoing The sounds of plebeian feet . = 0 ' er gilded rooms and halls of state the common people throng , Half fearful of the spectre yet , that haunted them so long . The purple robe is riven , Ay , crushed beneath the tread Of masses hunger driven , Demanding work and bread . And death is riding grimly forth and terror by his side , "With blood-stained war and pestilence and famine hollow-eved .
The Powers of Earth are shaken From the Danube to the Rhine , Old Germany is waking , Like a Cyclop from his wine . And dark his brow with hatred , and red his eyes with wrath , TrTnle he scatters his tormentors , like pigmies , from Lis path . The famished Celt is crying , " Arm , brethren , one and all ;" The Saxon Lord is flying ,
To castle , keep and wall . Unhappy Ireland grasps again the old detested bands , And lifts towards the indignant heavens her bruised and bleeding hands . The Seine is running red Through the capital of France , Over ramparts of the dead The cry is still advance ! With pike and gun and paving stone and red flag flying hi g h , "The sons of Labour take their stand to conquer or to die !
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!The Autobiography Of Francois-Rene, Vis...
! THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF FRANCOIS-RENE , VISCOUNT DE CHATEAUBRIAND . Loudon : Simms and M'Intyre , Paternoster-row . The publishers of the " Parlour Library" encouraged by the success of that popular series , have been induced to commence a new venture , -which they entitle " The Parlour Library of Instruction . " The first volume has just appeared , and contains the whole of the first , and the commencement of the second " boot " of the Autobiography of Chateatj-BBIASD .
The High-Priest of Legitimacy— Chateausbiaxd ' s name is known even where his works arc unknown , or at least unread . Thousands , therefore ; to whom his name is familiar , must naturall y he desirous of knowing something of his history—a history strangely chequered b y prosperity and misfortune , renown and suffering . Of the order of the aristocracy , and belong ing to one of the most ancient families of Brittany , Chateatjiimaxd , the last of ten children , was born at St . JIalo , on the 4 th of September , 1768 . An affectionate nurse dedicated Bim to " our Lady of Nazareth , " and made a
tow that he should wear in her ( the said "Lady ' s" ) hononrHue and white , nntil he was seven years of age . Chateaubriaxd ' s father—who was eaten up by one passion , the pride of ancestry—is represented by his son in a most unamiablc light . His mother—with many " admirable qualities "—appears to have heen very like a fool in the management of her household affairs , connecting therewith a strong infusion of the scold ; humuled hy her morose husband , she appears to have made her inferiors pay for her humiliation , Chateaubriand says : "My father was the terror of the servants—my mother their scourge . "
The son of " the high and mighty Lord , Rese be Chateaubmaxd , Chevalier , Count of Coinhourg , Lord of Oaugres , Plessis I / Epine , Boulet , IMestroit in DoL and other places , " was brought up in this way : I grew up in the midst of my family without study Of any kind . We no longer inhabited the house ^ srhere Iwas born . My mother occupied an hotel in the Place St . Yincent . ' almost opposite the gate of the town which communicates with the Sillon . The b lackguards of the town became my most intimate friends : I thronged the court-yard and the stairs of our house with them . I resembled them in every
respect . I spoke their language ; I had then" appearance and manners ; I was ctad like them—with coat unbuttoned and bare to the breeze . My shirts were falling into rags ; I never had a pair of stockings which were not full of holes ; I dragged after me tattered slippers , down in the heels , and which dropped from my feet at every step . I frequently lost my hat , and sometimes my coat . My face was daubed , scratched , and bruised , and my hands were black with soot . My appearance altogether was so odd , that my mother , in the midst of her anger , could not refrain from laughing and esclainiinff , "Howugly he is !"
Notwithstanding this picture of wretchedness , the history of Chateavbbia > d ' s boyhood is very interesting . Here is a precious specimen of the family pride and arrogance of the Chateauhriands : — One morning I was eagerly pursuing a game of prison-bars in the great court-yard of the college , when a message was brought me that some one wished to see me ; I followed the domestic to the outer gate . There I found a stout man , with a red face , a brusque and impatient manner , a stern voices carrying a stick in his hand , and wearing a Mack peruke badly curled , a torn cassock tucked up through his pockets , dirty shoes , and stockings with holes m the heels . — "You Jittle scamp . " said he , " are von not the Chevalier de Chateaubriand of Combour < r ?" " Yes , sir , " replied I , rather stunneefby Ids
ad"And I , " replied he , almost foaming , " amthe last of the eldest branch of your family . I ; un the Abbe de Chateaubriand , of La Guerande . Look at me welL" , ,. ,, . . . The proud abbe put his hand in the pocket of an old pair of plnsh breeches , took out a mouldy crown of sixfranes , wrapped in a p iece of filthy paper , threw it in mv face , and proceeded on his way on foot , muttering his matins with a furious air . I learned Subsequently that iEeTPwnce de Conde had caused an offer to " be made- to this clownish vicar of the office of preceptor to the Duke de Bourbon . The arrogant priest replied that the prince , the possessor of the baronv of Chateauhriand , ought to taowtnat the heirs of the baronv might have preceptors themselves , bnt were not the preceptors of others . Those haughty aristocrats then little thought h . ow soon the conceit was to 1 ) 0 taieri out of
!The Autobiography Of Francois-Rene, Vis...
them . A few years afterwards , that on which they had prided themselves , they were glad to conceal . Their aristocratic disdain was a poor defence against the unloosed wrath of the multitude . Originally intended for the navy , then for the church , Chateaubriand would he neither sailor nor priest , and at last—somewhat reluctantly—entered the army , in which"he did not see service . "When the old government was broken up , his soldiership—never more than a sort of hoy ' s play—came to an end . At Paris , where , notwithstanding his youth , he led the life of a solitary , he was regarded as a simpleton b y his dashing elder brother . At Versailles ho % vas presented to the King , and , for the first time , saw the Queen .
MHJISXVI , AND MA 11 IE A . VT 01 SEHE . When it was announced that the king had risen , those who were not presented withdrew . I felt an emotion of vanity ; not that I was proud of remaining , but I should have been humiliated to be obliged to retire . The door of the sleeping apartment of the king was thrown open , and I saw the king , according to the usual custom , complete his toiletthat is to say , take his hat from the hand of the first nobleman in waiting . The king advanced , on his way to mass ; I bowed ; the Marquis de Duras mentioned my name : —
" Sire , the Chevalier de Chateaubriand . " The king looked at me , returned my salute , hesitated , and seemed about to stop and speak to me . I should have replied with confidence ; my timidity h . ld vanished . To address the general of'the army , the head of the State , appeared to me a very simple matter , without my being able to account for this feeling . The king * more embarrassed than I , and finding nothing to say , passed on . Oh , vanity of human destinies ! This sovereign , whom I saw for the first time—this monarch so great and powerful —was Louis XVI . within six years of his scaffold ! And this new courtier whom he scarcely g lanced at , was commissioned to * search for , and separate his remains from amidst the surrounding bones ; and after having been , on proofs of nobility , presented to the descendant of St . Louis in his earthly
greatness was destined , upon proof of . fidelity , one day to be presented to his dust . Double tribute of re specttothe twofold royalty of the sceptre and thw palm . Louis XVI . mi g ht have replied to his judges in the words of scripture— " I have done many good works among you , for which of these do you stone me ?" We now hastened to the gallery , to be in the queen ' s way when she returned from chapol . She soon appeared , surrounded by a numerous and glittering retinue . She made us a most queenly reverence ; she seemed as if enchanted with life ; and those fair hands , which then supported with so much grace the sceptre of so many kings , were fated , before being bound by the executioner , to have to patch the rags of her widow's weeds as a prisoner in the Conciergerie .
Here is a striking picture of—FREScu socrerr at the beginning of the ItEVOLUTIOX . At this period everything which related to mind or morals was deranged—the inevitable' symptom of an approaching revolution . Magistra ' tes ' blushed to have to wear the robe , and turned into ridicule the gravity of their fathers . The Lamoignons , the Moles , the Segniers , the D'Aguesseaus , wished to combat and refused to judge . The presidents ' wives , ceasing to play the part of venerable mothers of families , glided from their gloomy hotels to seek for brilliant adventures . The priest from the pulpit
avoided using the name of Jesus Christ , and spoke only of the le < jidator of Christians ; one ministry fell after another ; power slipped from every hand . The highest 5 on ton was to be American in town , English at court , Prussian in the army—to bo everything , except French . Everything that was said , everything that was done , was only one series of inconsistencies . People affected ts retain the existence of secular abbes , and yet renounced relig ion ; no one could be an officer unless he were noble , and yet nobility was scouted ; equality was introduced into tho drawing-room , and blows of the cane into the camp .
I cannot better paint the society of 1739 and 1790 than by comparing it to the architecture of the times of Louis XII . and of Francis I ., when the Grecian orders began to blend with tho Gothic style ; or , rather , by assimilating it to n collection of the rums of all nations , heaped up pell-mell , after the lleign of Terror , in the cloisters of the convent of the little Augustins . Only the remains of which I speak were living and ever-changing . In every corner of Paris there were literary re-unions , political societies , and theatres . The future celebrities wandered through the crowd without being known , like soids on the borders of Lethe before having enjoyed the light . I saw the son of Marshal Gourion-St . Cyr , perform a character on the theatre of the Marais ,
in "The Culpable Mother" of Beaumarchais . People rushed from the club of the Fcuillants to the club of the Jacobins , from balls and gaminghouses to the groups of the Palais Royal , from the tribunes of the National Assembly to the tribunes held in the open air . Deputations of the people , cavalry piquets , and patrols of infantry , passed and repassed in the streets . Beside a man dressed as a Frenchman , with powdered hair , sword at his side , hat held under his arm , pumps and silk stockings , walked a man with short-cut hair , without powder , wearing the English frockcoat , and the American cravat . At the theatre , the
actors published the news , and the pit thundered out patriotic couplets . Pieces adapted to the times attracted crowds . An abbe would appear on the stage ; the people would shout " coxcomb ! " and the ' abbe would reply , " Gentlemen , long live the nation ! " People hastened to hear Mandini and his wife , Tiganoni and Rovedino , sing at the Opera Buifa , after having beard Co , ira shouted with stentor lungs ; and went to admire Madame Dugazon , Madame St . Anbin , Carline , the little Oliver , Mademoiselle Contat , Mol 6 , Fleury , and Talma , who was then making his debut , after having seen F » Yrci 9 hnngr .
The promenades of the Boulevard du Temple , and of that of the Italians , surnamed of Coblent :, and the alleys of the garden of the Tuileries , were crowded with gaily-dressed women . Three young daughters of tire-try ' s were particularly conspicuous—white and red as their dresses . AH three died soon after . "She fell asleep for ever , " said Grefcry , when speaking of his eldest daughter , * ' seated on my knees , as lovely as during her life . " A crowd of carriages swept along the thoroughfares or splashed the sans culottes , and the lovely Madame de BufFon might be seen seated alone in a phaeton of the Duke of Orleans , which was drawn up opposite the door of some club . The taste and elegance of the aristocratic portion of society were to be met with at the hotel of La Rochefoucault , at the evening parties of Mesdames de Poix , d'llenin , de Simiane , de Vaudreuil , in several drawing-rooms of the higher magistracy
which had remained open . At the houses of Monsieur decker , M . lc Comte de Montmorin , and those of the several ministers , were to he met ( along with Madame de Stael ) the Duchess d'Aiguillon , Mesdames de Beaumont and de Serilly ; all the new celebrities of France , and all the liberty of the new manners . A shoemaker , in the uniform of an officer of the National Guard , took the measure of your foot on his knees ; the monk , who , on Friday , was clad in his white or black robe , wore on Sunday a round hat and the habit of a citizen ; tho capuchin , shaved , read the newspapers in tho taverns ; and in a circle of madcap women appeared a nun gravely seated . She was some aunt or sister who had been driven ftom her monastery . The crowd visited the convents , which were open to the world , as travellers wander through the abandoned halls of the Alhambra at Grenada , or pause beneath the columns of the temple of the Sibyl at Tibur .
For the rest , p lenty of duels and amours , prison acquaintances , ^ and political fraternities ; mysterious rendezvous amidst the ruins , beneath a cloudless sky , in the midst of the calm and the poetry of nature ; solitary , silent , and secluded walks , mingled with oaths of eternal friendship and undying : tenderness pledged amid the low deep murmur of a nying world , to the distant sound of the crumbling fabric of society , which threatened in its fall these happy ties thus placed at the mercy of events . When any one disappeared for twenty-four hours , their friends were not certain whether they should ever see them more . Some plunged into the path of revolution ; others meditated civil war ; others sot out for the Ohio , to which they had despatched before them
plans of princely chateaux , which they meant to build amongst the savages ; and others again proceeded to join the princes . And all this was done in joyous mood , often without the adventurers having a sou in then' pockets ; the royalistsafih-ming that the affair would end , one of those fine mornings , by a decree of parliament ; the patriots , quite as buoyant in their nopes , announcing a reign of peace and of happiness along with liberty . They sung" The holy candle of Arras , And flambeau of Provence , Their li g ht , though boasting small ccUtt , Are kindling round us France . And soice their flame we dare not touch , . , , _ . "W e- ' " , snuff it yet , or hope as much . " And this was the way thev iudgedof Robespierre and Mirabeau ! ' * ° l
We shall return to this volume in next Saturday ' s Star . In tbe meantime we earnestly advise all who have a slrilliiig to spue to make themselves acquainted with this portion of Chateaubriand ' s Autobiograph y . All who read the first volume will be anxious for J ; he speedv appearance of its successors .
!The Autobiography Of Francois-Rene, Vis...
CHARTIST TRACTS FOR THE TIMES . £ o . I . Why are we Poor ? What do the Chartists want ?¦ B y the Kirkdale Chartist Prisoners . London : J . ^ Vatsoh , 3 , Queen ' s Head-passage , Patemoster-row . -Manchester : A . Hcywood . Leeds : Joseph Barker , Wortley . Nottingham : Sweet ; and all Booksellers . Vi E recentl y informed our readers that Messrs . "West , White , and Leach ( the talented and incorruptible Chartist leaders , at present suffering in Kirkdale prison for the " crime" of advocating the rig hts of the people ) , were about to commence the publication of a series of "Tracts for the Times . "
Our announcement is fulfilled . . JTo . I . of the projected series is before us , and a careful perusal thereof enables us to declare it worthy of the talents and reputation of its authors , who thus intimate then- intentions ;—In the series of tracts which we Intend to publish , we shall endeavour to lay bare the various causes that have led to the social inequality which inflicts so much misery on the mass of mankind ; The authors of these tracts , having to endure the same privations as their brethren , and being at present
the innu-. tcs of a gaol , for the prominent position they occupied among their fellow sufferers , have resolved to devote the leisure which this circumstance affords them , to vindicate their principles , and defend themselves from the calumnies which the hireling press of the Whig and Tory faction have so unscrupulousl y heaped upon them , as well as to give an exposition of the feelings , wants , and wishes of that numerous body ef intelligent artisans termed Chartists , as an answer to tho oft-repeated queries of the wealthier classes— "What do the Chartists want ? and of the operative—Why are we Poor ?
Our friends trul y observe that the fruitless insurrections of , and revolutions effected by , the working classes , toolamentabl y ' prove "the ignorance of the people in the science of Government , " seeing that after pouring out their blood , and winning victory through fearful pains and perils , they have contented themselves with <* getting rid of one set of evil governors to make way for others equall y vicious , leaving the same causes in operation which they had previously hazarded their lives to uproot . " To assist in dispelling tins fatal ignorance , is tho object of the Kirkdale prisoners . We add a few additional extracts : —
A PEOPLE CANNOT REBEL . . The democracy of Europe , notwithstanding the abuse heaped on them , are not accountable for the bloodshed and deplorable scenes of violence which have lately occurred , to tho disgrace of those who promoted it . The people of those countries have been termed rebellious , hut a people cannot rebel It is those despots who set up their own will against the wants and wishes of a nation that truly merit tho term rebel , and should bo treated as such .
THE MIDDLE-CLASS IJBFOHMEBS . These facts ought to arouse the people to concentrate their energies for a thorough reformation of the system ; not the paltry and all but useless tamp erings of Hume , Cobden , and Co . ; not the clippings and cheese-parings of Free Trade , Financial Reform , and the remission of a few taxes for the substitution of others ;—but a mighty national . effort for the total annihilation of aristocratic and monied predominance , root and branch . This alone is worthy the intelligence of a great and enlightened nation ; all the attempted patch-work of our parliamentary reformers being merely a tub to the whale .
SIIE PARLIAMENT . Our parliament , which should represent the wisdom of the nation , and should be occupied in devising the best means of applying the national wealth to the welfare of all , is merely a committee which sits to concoct arbitrary rules for the supposed aggrandisement of their order , and , we have reason to suppose , have neither inclination nor intelligence to discharge their proper functions . It is useless to expect any amelioration so long as it is composed of such materials , and it is therefore necessary that such an alteration shall take place in its composition as shall make it the index of the national will and the exponent of its wants and wishes , instead of being , as at present , the most formidable obstacle of all improvement .
"We wish , " say our friends , "it to he plainly understood , that our chief object is to direct the attention of the working classes to the subject of social reform , so that on the attainment of polr acal power they may know how to use it for their advancement in the scale of progression . " And we wish them success . Let the local Chartist Committees order—and pay for v & en ordered—a quantity of this tract , and ensure the sale thereof . There ought to he no difficulty in organising ( remember , Carnot " organised victory" ) , a sale of twenty thousand copies within tho next fourteen days . We have reason to believe that the succeeding tracts will well repay the encouragement which the working men will , wo hope , give the authors , hy their patronage of No . 1 .
Tae Speech Of Daniel Whittle Harvey, Esq...
TAe Speech of Daniel Whittle Harvey , Esq ., when M . P . for Colchester , on moving for a Select Committee , to inquire into the Crown Lands , delivered in the Mouse of Commons , March SOth , 1830 . London : Ridgway , Piccadilly ; and E . Wilson , Royal Exchange . Judging bythe newly-written " Introduction , " we conclude that his speech has been printed for the twofold purpose of , first , reminding the public that Mr . Daniel Whittle Hahvey is still open to an engagement on the popular side , provided the terms are liberal ;
and , second , adding to the stock of information on the subject of the management , or , rather , infamous mismanagement , of the Crown Lands . As regards Financial Reform , Mr . Harvey might do the state some service were he in Parliament at this moment , but we should not anticipate great things from him when more important questions come before the Legislature , as come they must . Mere tax-reducing Reformers will , ere long , find their level , and then certain characters , who are at present more popular than ever Mr . Harvey was , will be seen in all their littleness .
We fancy , however , that the ex-Member for Colchester has small chance of getting into Parliament after his extraordinary treatment of the Radicals of Marylebone . At any rate , he must no more try his hand in that borough . As regards the " Speech " before us , we can very cordially recommend it to our readers , and tho friends of Financial Reform generall y throwing , as it does , light upon a mass of abuses which , "to be hated need but to be seen . " Mr . Haiwey , on making his motion , was defeated , but in the minority there voted with him , Lord Althorpe ( afterwards Earl Spencer , ( since deceased ) , Lord G-. Bentinck
( deceased ) , Sir F . Burdett ( deceased ) , two of the Dundases , Lord Ebrington , ( now Earl Fortescue ) , Sir James Graham ( I ) , LordHowick ! ( now Earl Grey ) , Cam Hobhouse (!) , Lord Morpeth ! ( now Earl of Carlisle ) , C . Wood (!) , and Lord John Russell (!!!) . The Whiga were then out of place , when they acquired power they took up the investigation which had been demanded by Mr . Harvey . The Whig inquiry resulted in——nothing ; and from that time to the present the abuses laid hare in the speech under notice , have gone on multiplying , until now the subject is again referred to a Committee , to he burked as before , unless the public determine otherwise .
An Unsophisticated Genealogy Of Her Maje...
An Unsophisticated Genealogy of Her Majesty , Queen Victoria , with singular and remarkable Anecdotes of her Ancestors . York : H . ' Roberts , 31 , Hig h Peter-gate . London : S . Y . Collins , 39 , Holywell-street , Strand . This fourpennyworth of really useful knowledge is a vast improvement on the slobbering stuff vomited by the " regular" chroniclers and compilers of royal histories . The " sovereign people" will do well to consult the pages of this pamphlet . We recommend it not the less heartily to all those who take delight in tracing the stream of regal virtue to its source !
Receipt Stamps.—The Commercial Community...
Receipt Stamps . —The commercial community is cautioned against continuing the almost universal practice of g iving unstamped receipts , as ' that department ( Stamps ) is now in the hands of the Excise , the officers of which are likely to enforce the penalties , particularly as they got half the profits .
Wmsck Of Ax Emjgmant Shu* Off Thk 7fvs? ...
WMSCK OF AX EMJGMANT SHU * OFF THK 7 fvS ? T C , 2 i l T—NEARLY TWO HUNDRED lilt Ijo LOST . Harwich , Sunday , Three p . m . —We have to record one of the most frightful , catastrophes that probabl y ever occurred on this part of the English coast , viz ., the total loss of a large emigrant ship on the Long Sands , with nearly 200 souls on board , during the tempestuous and fearful weather on Wednesday last . The gale commenced in the early part ol Yvednesday morning , the wind blowing from the south-west , and as the day advanced tho violence of the storm increased , and continued till between six and seven o ' clock in the eveum- A heavy snow storm followed and lasted till midni ght
. During Thursday news reached this harbour of several vessels having- been wrecked on the Lonjr Sands The first tidings communicated the loss of a Dutch indwman , named the Dylc , Captain Laws hound iroin Antwerp to Havannah , the crew of which ( with the exception of one poor fellow ) , « ere picked up by her Majesty ' s revenue cutter feoout , and landed here . A large schooner shared a similar fate on the same sands , with tho loss of every soul of her crew . Seven or ei ght total losses were also reported as having happened on the adjacent shoals , and it was hoped that these formed the extent ot the disasters . Late on Friday niirht .
however , lier Majesty ' s revenue cutter Petrel brought the melanchol y intelligence of the appalling loss of an emigrant ship on the same sands , and that nearly 200 beings had perished with her . Only four of the many on board survived , whom the Petrel had rescued . 0 \ viii » to the exhausted condition of the poor follows , who had been exposed to the storm in the nggmg for forty-ei ght hours , it was not till yesterday that the correct details could he elicited from them by Mr . Billingsley , the agent to Lloyds at this port , and the assistant-agent , Mr . Oppenheim , to whom the reporter is indebted for the subjoined details : —
The ill-fated vessel was the bark Floridian , 500 tons burden , Mr . E . D . YThitmore , master , from Antwerp . She was the property of Mr . E . D . Ilulbort , of New York , and had been chartered by a German company for tho conveyance of emigrants to the United States . She was announced to sail from Antwerp last Thursday week , but for some reason she was delayed till the following Sunday , when she left that port and proceeded down the river . She , however , did not finally take her departure from the coast until Tuesday last . The number of emigrants that had taken a passage by her at Antwerp , and had gone on board before she wei g hed anchor , is stated to have been from 176 to 200 . They comprised young , respectable German agricultural labourers , with their wives and families
and many mechanics . Amongst the number on board were from fifty to sixty women and between twenty and thirty children . The ship was worked by a crew of nearly twenty , part of whom were Englishmen , commanded by a Captain Whitmoro , a surgeon being on board to attend the emigrants . It was late on Tuesday evening when the Floridian put out to sea . The weather was exceedingly fine , and the wind being fair all bade well for a pleasant run through the Channel . The course taken after clearing the Flemish banks ( so say the surviving seamen ) , was westward for the Straits of Dover . The weather continued favourable up to twelve o ' clock , when the wind shifted round to the southwest , blowing very hard , with a fall of hail and snow ,
which was so heavy that it became impossible to see the length of the vessel . They tacked ship and bore to the north-westward , until four o ' clock on Wednesday morning , and then altered their course . Captain Whitntore had charge of the watch up to four o ' clock , when he went below , the chief mate succeeding him in charge of the next watch . Daybreak brought fearful weather ; the wind had sprung up terrifically , with a great fall of snow , and a heavy rolling sea . The ship kept on her course , the intention being to make for the South Foreland light , running under reefed foresail , foretopmast staysail , and the main spencer . Although the storm increased in fury almost every hour , no alarm was manifested for the safety of the ship
until about three o ' clock , when ( according to the statement of one of the seamen saved ) the chief mate expressed some misgivings as to the course they were then pursuing , and , calling to the second officer , requested him to take charge of tho watch while he went below to " look into his coast pilot directory . " Scarcely had he quitted his post before the ship struck with terrific force ; so great , indeed , that her planks and false keel immediately rushed up alongside . A scene of horror instantly presented itself on deck ; the emigrants hastened on the deck in frantic dismay . Within a few moments of the vessel striking the sea broke into her hull , blowing up the hatchways , and sweeping many of the poor creatures overboard , while others were drowned in
their berths , being unable to rise from the effects of sea sickness . Captain Whitmoro , perceiving the inevitable destruction of his ship , gave orders to his men to launch tho boats . Tho first boat broke adrift the moment it was launched , and , it is said , capsized directly with two men who were in it . The moment the second boat was lowered the captain jumped into it with Mrs . Whitmoro ( his wife ) . This led to a desperate rush towards tho craft . Some twenty or thirty poor creatures , men and women , leaped from the quarter-deck of the foundering ship into the boat ; the result was , that it also instantly capsized , and the whole party were precipitated overboard and lost . The crew took to the rigging , to which they lashed themselves , and upwards of 1 U 0
of the emigrants congregated on the quarter-deck . Here they had not been more than an hour before the ship broke in two , amidships . The mainmast fell over the side with a fearful crash , and a tremendous sea carried away the whole of the quarterdeck with the mass of human beings on it . A frightful shriek filled the air , and the next moment the unfortunate creatures were struggling in the deep . By great efforts eight or ten wove rescued by the men who had secured themselves in the rigging . The moment the ship broke in two , her cargo , mostly merchandise , floated out and intermingled with the drowning sufferers . For some time men , women , and children were to he seen floating about on the packages . Ere night had set in , however ,
all had disappeared . The then survivors , about twelve in number , continued in the rigging of the foremast , which , with the fore part ot the vessel , was all that remained , of the wreck , the whole of the night enduring the greatest suffering . Tho sea kept breaking over them , and the cold being most intense rendered their condition mostpainful . When Thursday morning broke it was discovered that six had died in the course of the night ; they had been frozen to death , and their bodies were dangling in the rigging . AU that day the _ same fearful weather existed , and' not the least aid could be rendered those who still existed in the rigging . They could see vessels passing at a distance , but they were too far off for the crews to observe their situation .
Thursday night and the greater portion of Friday passed away , yet no help came . Only four now remained , three sailors and one passenger ; the other two were frozen to death in the course of the preceding day and ni ght , About seven o clock great was their joy at perceiving the approach of a vessel , which proved to be her Majesty's revenue-cutter Petrel . The crew belonging to her , by direction of the commanding officer , lowered their boat and pushed off to the spot , the heavy surf boating round the wreck in such a manner as to render the
running of the cutter alongside the wreck exceedingly dangerous . After considerable difficulty the poor fellows were got off and taken onboard the revenuecutter , where everything was done for their comfort . They were in a deplorable state of exhaustion and partly bereft of their senses . Their handa and foot we * 6 severely frostbitten , and how they escaped with their lives appears most remarkable . The Petrel made for this port with all sail , and arrived about eleven o'clock at night . Mr . Billingslcy , Lloyd's agent and Vice-Consul for the Belgian government , afforded the poor fellows every attention that was possible by placing them in comfortable quarters . The names of the seamen saved are Henry Hill , William Harry , and a Swede , name unknown . The fourth is one * of the emigrants , apparently a mechanic , He has been deranged ever since he has been Landed .
From accounts received' from Brightlingaea , a small fishing village near -Wivenhoe , we hear that a Colchester vessel lost five hands in an attempt to rescue some of the sufferers . Tho noble fellows saw the quarter deck carried away with the emigrants on it . They immediately pushed off in their boat with a view of saving some of them , but had scarcely got a few strokes when a heavy sea caught their craft , upset it , and the whole of them met with a watery grave . _ The Long Sands form a very extensive shoal some distance outside the well-known channel known as the Swin . In length they are between nine and ten miles , and their breadth averages from half a mile to a mile and a half . They are about twentv miles
from this port , and their other extremity about the same distance from the North Foreland . It is a matter of some surprise that the ill-fated vessel should have made such a course as to touch these sands . It is affirmed that she must have been a number of points out of her track in maKing for the Channel , for , oven boisterous as the wind was , it was not in a direction likely to hasten the striking of the ship on these shoals . The opinion here given by competent parties is that the melanchol y catastrophe is entirely attributable to a want of judgment on the part of the commander . At this port he wag well known , and was generally considered an experienced mariner . It is worthy of remark , however , that American commanders in coming from foreign " ° rt ! iorn ports generally steer , a course nearer thO English COast than tho more proper and safe channel . Upwards of 200 vessels started on Saturday morning for the . spot where the wreck lies , with a view of picking up what portion of her cargo might be floating about . Several revenue cutters also
Wmsck Of Ax Emjgmant Shu* Off Thk 7fvs? ...
proceeded to the scene to protect itfrom tho ravages of the wreckers . ° A report had been received by tho Preventive Service , that fifty bodies had been found along tho coast towards Southend , but we have had no means of ascertaining its correctness . Harwich , Mosday . —Incessant have been the inquiries here as to whether any more of the unfortunate creatures had been preserved ; with the exception , however , of the four poor fellows taken from the rigging by the Petrel revenue cutter , every human being on board perished , numbering in all 171 souls . ; The depositions of the surviving seamen of the Floridian have been taken by the authorities of the poi't , and from them we gather an authentic detail of the circumstances attending the ship ' s loss . It may here Iks stated that their names are Henry Hill , Ephi ' . iiin Stock bridge , a man of colour , and William Harv .
The crew , with Captain Whitmoro , ( who had his wife on board , ) amounted to fourteen , the names of whom were Wm . Viley , chief officer , of New London ; a bwede , name not known , second officer ; James Williamson , steward ; Richard Ferdinand , cook ; Charles Barrett , John Tillman , Peter Davis , John Dutch , Edward Woody , Charles Thomas Balwith , and the above mentioned survivors . After the ship struck , the terrified emigrants rushed on deck , and a scene of heart-rending character ensued . The poor creatures ran about in almost frantic confusion . The ship continued striking tho shoal , and Captain Whitmoro finding , bv sounding the pumps , that she had bilged , signalled a barque ( which afterwards proved to be the Dvle ) about three miles off for assistance . Tho captain la
nding , by the broken fragments that wore conuV up each side , that the vessel was breaking up , d £ rected the boats to be launched . His intention was to take tho passengers to the barque . Two , named Char os Barrett and John Tillman , got into tho first boat lowered , to bale out the water she had shipped . The passengers , however , got hold of her , and were hauling the boat alongside to jump in ; but Barrett , apprehensive of her being stove in , cut away tho painter , and the boat drifted astern . The life-boat , capable of containing about twenty persons , was then launched , Captain Whitmoro directing the men to stand by , so as to prevent too manv gettin <* into her . He was tho first to enter , with tho mtci ° tion of assisting his wife into the boat . The emigrants , however , conceiving that it was his intention to abandon them and the vesselrushed headlong
, 2 i ' i er 5 " arter-deck into the boat . It was instantlv filled , and the next moment she was capsised , and all were drowned—the captain and tho chief mate , who had gone to assist the passengers into the boat , disappearing with the rest . Mrs . Whitmoro , who had been unable from the pressure to get in , was on the quarter-deck , and witnessed the fate of her husband . To the remainder of the ship ' s company It Was evident that most of those on board , about 150 , would perish , as they felt and saw the vessel lust breaking up . The sea was lashing the ship on all sides , the water had burst up her batches , and her cargo of boxes , cases , & c , were washing about her decks in all directions , breaking many of the passengers' legs , who as they fell were by the next sea washed overboard and lost . As a last recourse
it was resolved to cut away the main and mizen mast . She had heeled over on one side , and it was hoped it would bo the means of saving her , but no axes could be found . The-rigging was separated with an idea that the masts , not having the neces * sarj- stay , would go over , but they held on for halfan-hour afterwards , when the shi went in two , and the main and mizen mast , yielding by the board , fell with a loud crash . Many of the emi grants were crushed to death by their fall , and others were knocked overboard . Hill , Hary , Stockhridge , with another seaman , named Davis , and four or five passengers , had taken to the fore-ri gging . Previously they had placed several women and children under tho forecastle and in the cook-house , so as to prevent their being crushed to death bv the heavy
floating masses on deck . The emigrants huddled together on tho poop . Those in the forecastle , cook , and round-house were speedily drowned by the sea tearing thorn away , and sweeping them overboard . For some time Mrs / Whitmore was observed in the centre of the group of unfortunate creatures on the poop . She had her hands crossed on her bosom , and , with her head raised to heaven , appeared to be in deep prayer . Some wore in a kneeling position , while others were shouting for help from the barque at a distance . Their fate was speedily sealed . Within a short time a terrific sea rolled on to the wreck , and , at one swoop , carried the ontiro
poop overboard . At least from ei ghty to a hundred and twenty unhappy creatures were upon it , and for a moment" or so it floated like a raft . The next sea or so , however , turned it over and the living mass were struggling in the agonies of death . Some thirty or forty , among whom wore several females , could be observed clinging to the floating packages of the cargo . As they rolled over , so tho poor creatures struggled for a firmer hold . At length , from exhaustion , they sank and were drowned . Before night had set in , the wreck had broken in two , and the part which remained was the bow and the foremast , to which the survivors and others clung .
The Floridian struck on the outside of the Long Sands . The revenue cutters which have since arrived , report that not a vestige of the wreck remains the whole having been swallowed up in the sands . As yet none of the bodies have been brought ashore . A great number have been seen floating , but the fact of most of them being naked , leads to the presumption that they had been previously p icked up and stripped of their clothing . Many of tho passengers were known to have sums of monej- about their persons , some to the extent of £ 300 arid i £ i 00 . A large number of wreckers were seen in the vicinity of the wreck , after the survivors had been taken off by the Petrel cutter , and , with the exception of some of the cargo that has been landed at Ramsgate and Margate , no other portion has been
reported to tho customs . The only emigrant saved , Wilhelm Niero , having ' nartly recovered his senses—the mind of the poor fellow being deranged , when rescued , by the horrible suffering he endured with three others in the rigging of the wreck—was enabled to mako the following statement to Mr . Oppenheim , the interpreter to Lloyd ' s agent of tho port , who handed it to the reporter : — " As far as I can recollect I sailed with about 100 of my countrymen , all emigrants from Antwerp , on the 25 th of " February , in the Floridan , for New York ; and stood out to sea from Flushing Eoads on tho 27 th . We had very rough weather , a succession of severe gales , and the greater part of the emigrants were down below , sick . Suddenly on the evening of the 28 th , about five o ' clock , we experienced a tremendous shock ,
and a general cry was heard , ' The ship is on shore —we are all lost ! ' I , and almost every , one of the passengers rushed upon deck , when a scene of the greatest terror and confusion ensued . The ship continued to strike on the sand very heavily for a short time , when she broke up in three pieces . A terrible and heartrending cry , which I shall never forget , was uttered by all , and the distress and screams of the women and children who were on board nearly overpowered me , in my efforts to effect my own preservation . Iwas quite bewildered , and indeed I can scarcely remember what then took place , for my senses were almost gone . I can recollect that the greater part of the unfortunate victims wore crowded on the aftor-deck , whence , unhappily , I liad the misfortune to see them washed away . They all met with a watery grave . The sea that broke over us was terrible . I was left with
eight others on the forepart of the ship with a piece ot mast standing . We got up in the rigging , where I kept as well as I coulu . Sly sufferings were very severe from the intense cold , and a sail which was continually blowing about my head seriousl y bruised me . I managed to get higher in the rigging , and I saw four of my fellow-creatures fall on theToUowing- morning . I supposed that they had died from the cold . There were now only four of us left , and we continued in the rigging . All Thursday night and Friday we had given up our lives as lost , when about five o ' clock on Friday evening wc saw a boat making towards us . It had put off from the Petrel revenue cutter , and by the humane and praiseworthy efforts of the crew we were miraculously preserved . We were taken on hoard the
Petrel , which landed us in Harwich harbour . I have since been lodged and fed by the kind interference of Mr . Billingsley , Lloyds' agent and the Prussian Consul : but I am still suffering much from the exposure to cold , and from not having tasted any food nor had any rest for three days and three ni ghts . " The poor fellon * continues under tho protection of the vice-Consul , and has received every medical and other necessary attention . But one opinion appears to be entertained as to the error which led to the lamentable event , that it is alone to be attributed to a false reckoning of the ship's course . Strange to say , the same remarks are applicable to tho loss of the large Dutch vessel , the Dyle , wrecked on the same sands two hours after the Floridian had gone on . She left Flushing in company with the Floridian for the Downs , and was the vessel which Captain Whitmoro saw at a
distance when his ill-fated vessel struck , and supposed that their perilous situation was seen , and that she had hove to for their assistance . Such , however , was not the case . Mr . Laws , the captain of the Dyle , was unconscious of everything but his own danger . His vessel struck on the sands about five o ' clock , and he , with his crew , remained in the tops of the rigging nearly the same time as . tho poor fellows on the foremast of the Floridian , three days and nights ; but , although their sufferings were considerable , thoy managed to procure provisions , whereas the others never tasted , food or water the whole time . The storm , it will be recollected , blew from the south-west , directly off this coast , and consequently would tend to keep vessels from the sand than otherwise . ¦ A very strong current , however , set in on the sands , and it is inferred that the Floridian was carried by the current on to the spot .
Uartfttrjs.
Uartfttrjs .
A Frenchman- At His English Studiks.—Fre...
A Frenchman- at his English Studiks . —Frenchman . - Ha , my good friend , I have met with one difficulty—one very strange word . How von call h-o-u-g-h ? Tutor : Huff . Fr .: Trh bic ' n , hittf ; ami snuft you spell s-n-o-u-g-h , ha I—Tutor : O , no , . wyfiss-n-u double f . The fact is , words eudinoin owjh are a little irregular . —Fr .: Ah , very < rood ° ' tis beautiful language . H-o-u-g-h is huff , I ' will remember ; and c-o-u-g-h cm / . I have one bad cuff , ha ' . —Tutor " . No , that is wrong . We say lanf , not cuff . —Fr .: Kauff , eh Men . Huff and kaiiff , and pardonne : moi , how you call d-o-u-g-h ? huff , ha—Tutor : A ' o , not duff . —Fv .: Not duff : ah ! oui : I understand—is dauf , hey ?—Tutor : No d-o-u-g-h spells doe . —Fr .: lhc ! It is very fine ; wonderful language , it is doc : and t-o-u-g-h is toe ,
cortainement . My beefsteak was very foe—lutor ; O , no , no ; you should say tuf . —Yr . ; Tuff ? And the thing farmer uses ; how you call him p-1-o-u-g-h . phiff ? ha . ' you smile ; I see I am wrong , it planf ? No i ah , then , it is ploe , like doe : it is a beautiful language , ver' fine— -ploe /—Tutor : You are still wrong , mv friend . It is ; ihne . —Fr .: 1 'low . ' AVondcrfuT language . I shall understand ver' soon . Plow , doe , k-auf : and one more—r-o-u-g-h , what you call General Taylor ; rauf and ready?— -Tutor : No ; rough spells ntff . —Vr . ' : Huff , ha ! Let me not forget . It-o-u-g-h is ruff , and b-o-u-g-h is buff , ha ! Tutor : No , ftou' . —Fr .: All ! very simple , wonderful language ; hut I have had what you call e-n-o-u-g-h ; ha ! what you call him ?—; V . J ' . Home Journal .
What is the Fbmisixe of Boar?—In a little school not a hundred miles from Brixton , tho question was put " What is the feminine of hoar ? " It went all round the class till it came to the turn of the youngest . "Now , my dear . " said the schoolmistress most confidently , " I am sure you can tell me what is the feminine of boar . " " Oh , ves , ma ' am , I know . " " What is it , darling ? " "Why please , ma'am , the feminine of boar is a muff . " California . —Tho Literary Ga : ette gives ( from Hamlet ) a capital motto for emigrants to California : — " A pick-axe , and a spado ; Ay , and a winding-sheet . "
A Sikh ' s Difficulty in CoMriiEiiKXDiNO Christianity . —The Moolraj has written a letter to General Whish , referring to the treatment which his brother-in-law received in EdwnrtWs camp , and asks , " What is the religion that first seized , outraged , and wounded Lala Longa Mull—then cured him of his wounds , for tho purpose of hanging him ?" MoitE Foois Thkv . —The poverty-stricken people of the diocese of Meath have through Bishop Cantwell ' s exertions , subscribed £ 1 , 000 in aid of the Irish fund for the support of his Holiness Pope Pius the Ninth . —Timor .
Ancient Musical Instrument . —The Eyyntian flute was only a cow ' s horn , with three or four holes in it ; and their harp or lyre had only three strings . Tho Jewish trumpets that made the walls of Jericho fall down , were only rams' horns ; the psaltery was a small triangular harp or lyre , with wire strings , and struck with an iron needle or stick ; their sacbut resembled the zany used at "Malta in tho present day , a species of bagpipe ; the timbrel was a tambourine , and the dulcimer a horizontal harp with wire strings , ' and stvuuk with a stick like the psaltery—such as arc seen about the streets of London in the present day . Imagine the discord produced by 200 , 000 of such instruments , while playing at tho dedication of Solomon ' s temple . A Itf . iso . VABLE IIkquest . — " Sow put that ri ght back where you took it from ! " as tho girl said when her lover snatched a kiss .
William the Conqueror . —The human heads on which he trod wore in his eyes a ground not sufficiently firm and secure ; he tormented himself about his own future years and the fate of his children , and put questions concerning his presentiments to wise men , in an ago when divination was a part of wisdom . A Norman poet , almost cotomporary , represents him seated in tho midst of his English and N ' orman priests , and soliciting of them , with puerile importunity , a decisive exposition of the fate of his posterity . At every word that fell from their lips , this great conqueror trembled before them , as an Anglo-Saxon sort or citizen would have trembled in his presence . —Edinburgh Review .
JUSTICE INOISrBXSAULE . " The government ' s ungirt when Justice dies , And constitutions arc non-entities . "—Defoe . The Measure of Uiqiit and Wrong . — "It is the greatest happiness of the grcatcst ' iuunher , that is the measure of right and wrong . "—Jkntham . Driven from their Country . —One million of Irishmen , within twenty-two years , have been naturalised as citizens of the United States . Cheap Beeii . —Mr . William Hay ( Jmcc prOVt' 6 that if all the taxes on beer were removed , and an equitable system of brcwiiiu and sclliusbcer established .
the same ale that is now usually sold for sixpence per quart would be twopence halfpenny . A Fair Demand , —The Conftitutiontl tells a storj of an American young lady who has just been married to a captain in the navy . The bridegroom having been ordered to join his ship , the bride wrote to the secretary of the navy , and referred him to the 5 th verse of the 24 th chapter of Deuteronomy , which says ; " When a man hath taken a new wife , ho shall not go out to war , neither shall ho be charged with any business ; but he shall be free one year , and shall cheer up his wifo which he hath taken . "
Humility . —The violet grows low , and covers itself with its own leaves ; and yet of all flowers it yields the most delicious and fragrant smell . Such is humility . Ver y True . —Somebody says that females go to meeting to look at each other ' s bonnets . That ' s downright scandal \ They go to show their own . Man ' s Inconsistencies . —If a man would register all his opinions upoi . lovo , politics , religion , learning , & c , beginning from his youth , and so go on to olu age , wjint a bundle of inconsistencies would appear . it last ! A Good hocsewifs . —What a licautiful comment tho following is upon a good housewife : — " To hear her converse , you would suppose she did nothing but read ; to have looked through the department of her household , you would have supposed she never read . "
Hasty Bidding . —At the late sale at Stowe , two supposed antique candlesticks irere put up at five guineas , but Sir Anthony Rothschild outbid all competitors , and the hammer fell to his bidding at £ 48 16 s . 6 d ., whereupon a quiet-looking personage , under the auctioneer s rostrum observed , "Imado and sold them for less than half the money . " Families op Livkiiaky Men . —With the exception of the noble Surrey , wo cannot point out a representative in the male line of any English poet . The blood of beings of that order can be seldom traced far down , even in the i ' emale line . There ia no English poet prior to the middle of the eighteenth
century—and , wo believe , no great author , except Clarendon and Shaftesbury—of whose blood we have any inheritance among us . Chaucer ' s only son died childless ; Shakspearc ' s line expired'in his daughter ' s daughter . None of the other dramatists of that ago left any progeny ; neither did llalcigh , nor Bacon , nor Cowley , nor Butler . Tho granddaughter of Milton was the last of his blood . Newton , Locke , Pope , Swift , Arbuthnot , Hume , Gibbon , Cowper , Gray , Walpole , Cavendish ( and we might easily extend tho list ) , never married . Neither Bolingbroke , nor Addison , nor Warburton , nor Johuson , nor Burke trasmitted their blood .
I The Use of Bread . — ' ' What is the chief use of bread ? " asked an examiner at a recent school examination . " Tho chief use of bread , " answered the urchin , apparently astonished at tho simplicity of tho inquiry , "tho chief use of bread is to spread butter and treacle on , " Is there Folk in the Moon ?—On a recent moonlight night , a mother had tho following observation made to her by her son : — " It maun be a nonsense , mithcr , about there being folk i' tho moon ! " " What way , my man ? " " Ou , because how could they crush ' themselves thegither when it is only half-moon ? " Mamma ( grinning ) , " May bo the folk are like spy-glasses , shut themselves in . "
Female Reporters . —There is a description of trade confined to China , and highly characteristic of its social condition . A number of elderly ladies , generally widows , make it their business to collect gossips , on dits , and stories of all sorts , with which they repair to the houses of the rich , announcing by beating a small drum , which they carry for that purpose , and offer their services to amuse the ladies of the family . When it is recollected that shopping , public assemblies , and even morning calls , are all but forbidden to the beauty and fashion of China by their country ' s notions of both propriety and feet .
some idea may be formed of the welcome generally given to those reporting dames . They are paid according to the time employed , at the rate of about half-a-crownan hour , and are besides in the frequent receipts of presents—their occupation affording many opportunities of making themselves generally useful in matters of courtship , rivalry , and etiquette . On these accounts they generally retire from business in easy circumstances , but arc said never to do so unless obliged by actual infirmity ; and the Chinese remark that theirs is the only profession to which its practitioners are uniformly attached by inclination .
Fragrant Odour for Sick Rooms . —A few drops of oil of sandal wood , which , though not in general use , may bo easily obtained , when dropped on a hot Bnovcl , will diffuse a most agrooablo balsamic perfume throughout the atmosphere of sick rooms or other confined apartments . Wide Awake . —The Boston Times says : — "On Wednesday wo shall issue u second edition , but no first edition . " This reminds us of an honest Hibernian , who called at our office with an advertisement , the price of which , he was told , would be seven shillings for the first time , and five for tho second . " Faith , then , " said he , " I'll have it in the second time . "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 10, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10031849/page/3/
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