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N" ' felted to the'nxed price of gold il...
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-s"-. Tii- «*-eiisita practice of &Z ' M ~ i^ H €.2M- iM Co.. the continued demand for §£<. «. '- -<; ->-'^r?^5sS_Y LFVT FBIBND.'ione huntfear rork, entitled, te e &-•; • - wMcn naTa ^en mobs
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•' .. ¦ ''h.-riicr the physical v.ants P...
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Alarmko Firb at Bath.—This city was on Saturday nltetuoi-n the scene of one of the most alarming poriiagrations that has occurred here for a great
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ien.-;ih of time ; and, as the flimes th...
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^omffltftuiaue*
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THE CURRENCY QUESTION
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A WORD OR TWO JFflOM A 'SPECIAL.' TO THE...
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IRELAND'S WRONGS. TO THE LDWOB Of THK HO...
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ON THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF BIGHTS AND W...
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Mdbdbr and Highway Robbery In Ayhshihs. ...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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N" ' Felted To The'nxed Price Of Gold Il...
a' " THE NORTHERN STAR . June lo , i 848 ^ — - »—L »"" lg- ¦ " - — - ' - ¦ — — """"' ¦ " — Z 1 — " 7 y
-S"-. Tii- «*-Eiisita Practice Of &Z ' M ~ I^ H €.2m- Im Co.. The Continued Demand For §£≪. «. '- -≪; -≫-'^R?^5ss_Y Lfvt Fbibnd.'Ione Huntfear Rork, Entitled, Te E &-•; • - Wmcn Nata ^En Mobs
-s" -. Tii- «* -eiisita practice of & Z ' M ~ i ^ H € . 2 M- iM Co .. the continued demand for § £ < . « . ' - - <; - > - ' ^ r ?^ 5 sS _ Y LFVT FBIBND . 'ione huntfear rork , entitled , te e & - • - wMcn naTa ^ en mobs
Ad00213
4 jxe 4 end twenty-five - " --| h . repnte of their sold ) , -nd the "tensive «» in jipled pmona to as-Medic-ines have « a " | a R s °° nd closely imitate the tiUe of suae -. he name of PEKKX a tf ^ . ^ g . pubhc , » « ie f ? OTt and nam « oi 6 as 3 re - not in any way jSeby ca utioaeiflat lnch ^ pH ™ pERRY and CO ., Of eowr fed «* **® S the Provinces , aad are on y to toud-n , who do tot w * tne ttrir E 5 tablisL-^ SSSSSSS ^ S ^^ " * " - TWENTY-FIFTH EDITION . Treated ^ S ^^ to-ical Engravings ou * **** "gSKWS ? * " ***' ne * nndlmpiSJed editton , ealargeftoMB pages , price Sl'HTput . direct & om theBstahlishmsnt , „ . GO . in postage stamps .
Ad00214
ABE -iCKKOTVLIDSED TO BE THE 2 EST MEDICINE IU THE ^ ORLB . This medicine b ^ s been before the Sritish pubhc -only a few years , and perhaps in the annals of the world was never seen success equil to their progress ; the virtue ? of ih ' g Medicine wereat once acknowledged wherever tried , and recommeutlation followed recommendation ; hundrcdihadsosn toseknowled-e thatPiSt'sLlFE PlLLjhad saved them , and were loud in their praise . The startling facts that were continually hronsht before tie public at once removed any prejudice which some may have felt ; the continual good which resulted from their use spread their fame far and wide , at this monijnt there is scarcely a country on the face cfths flobs which has not heard of their benefits , and have ssujht for supplies , whatever mi ^ ht be the cost of tranraiission . The United States , Canada , India , and even China , have had immense quantitles shipped to their respective countri-s , and witii the same resu ' t as in England—Vturzasii Good .
•' .. ¦ ''H.-Riicr The Physical V.Ants P...
• ' .. ¦ ''h .-riicr the physical v . ants PHTSiCiL fS .-SMS - < -lv ) : iAL . — i . OL . UU "' - V . ,.... .. l ^^^^ t ^ £ " & . " ^ l ^ soe thvoUS" - ¦¦¦ - i ' ^ - -J "' - < t ' ¦ ' - " ¦ - on-1 chil « "il , roi > i = ts fiin'ed the attention of paiio- - .. »„ :: ra anJ pni' - ' . -r ftr ^ tVrie * . Without :: tiCUiiitin- ! tu dcc . JO Id . q- - 2 ! ., « - » ¦ ¦* . ¦ hsi . ocojhi t .. ai -.. hen tiwi-jr ^ - ^ uiiwa is i =:. - . _ -d : y ? ~ : ^ ^„ fnKa fc „ acute attack of Cat w . ul . l be u : i :: uie to api » r ~ t . . H .-i ^ MS ^? - ^ . ^
Ad00215
- — - - — FRAMPTON S PILL OF HEALTH . THE manifold advantages to the heads of families from the possession of a medicine of known efficacy , that may be resorted to with confidence , and used with success in cases of temporary sioknosB , occuring infatnilies , more or le « s , every day , are eo obvious to all , that no question ean be raised of its importance to every householder in tho kingdom . From among numerous testimonials , the following is respectfully submitted : — ' To Mr Xnomas Front , 229 , Strand , London . ' No . 5 , David-street , Regent-road , Manchester , March 13 , 1812 . « Sir , —I have much satisfaction in communicating to vou the result of mv KDerience after repeated tnals of
Ad00216
PERFECT FREEDOM FROK COUGH IN TEX MINUTES AFTER USE , And a rapid Cure of Asthma and Consumption , and a Disorders of th » Breast and Lungs , is insured by DR LOCOCK'S PULMONIC WAFERS . CURES IK NEWCASTLE . Read the following Testimonials from Mr Mawson , 18 , Hosier-street , Newcastle : — Gentlemen , —! find aa extraordinary demand for Dr Locock ' s Wafers , whi * h is the best proof of their real utility . I can speak of thrm with confidence , as I have recommended them in many cases with astonishing success . To asthmatic and consumptive patients , who are s eaerally nauseated with , medicine , they are invaluable , not only oa account of the relief they a & brd , but fijoin the pleasantness or their tast « , ¦ Tours , ic , ( Signed ) J . fc . ilAWsos . —Dec . 5 , lS 4 t .
Alarmko Firb At Bath.—This City Was On Saturday Nltetuoi-N The Scene Of One Of The Most Alarming Poriiagrations That Has Occurred Here For A Great
Alarmko Firb at Bath . —This city was on Saturday nltetuoi-n the scene of one of the most alarming poriiagrations that has occurred here for a great
Ien.-;Ih Of Time ; And, As The Flimes Th...
.- ; ih of time ; and , as the flimes threatened at one time to destroy a psrtion of the Graat Western Railwai terminus , and placed in consfderabte peril the magnificent and costly fkew bridge upon which the ' tilwiy is carried from the viaduct across the Avon in its gitith-eastern side , andjirhich j « considered by scientific persons as one of the meat ingenious and beautiful specimens of bridge architecture ia the king-¦ J -ta , ilw utmost fear and consternation prevailed . The co : 9 tgration had originated ia , and was still
confined to , an extensive range of flour mills , which are built in almost immediate junction with the Great Western P ^ ailway Company ' s goods-sheds , and at an inconsiderable distance from tha skew bridge before referred to . The river being immediately at hand , th & re waa an abundant supply ef water ; but the fire rage 1 with great fierceness , and at one time tho wi ndow frames of the goods sbedshad caught , and the danger of that building was most imminent . The extraordinary efforts used , however , preserved Hi although the conflagration could not be got under till the greater part of the mill was destroyed . The damage done is considerable .
Kxtuaobdinary Occurrence . —The following extraordinary scene , wo are informed , tcok place the o . her day at the Clarence Dock : —A deserter , in charge of two armed ' soldiers , had just disembarked from Ireland , and was being marched into to vn , when , t" king advantage of the crowded thoroughfare , hu separated himself from hia guardians , and as they advanci d to enclose him , he rushed on on & o £ them " , whom ho struck in the lace wish his whole force ; heiii" handcuffed , the blow was giving with the united f & rce of both arms . The unfortunate soldier F-- -22 to the ground , and it was afterwards foaad his jaw bane was broken . IPs comrade immediately ran
his bayonet into tho body of the deserter . A policeman interfered , and was about taking the soldier iat-i custody , when be received a hint that if ho did not k-ep liia distance he would also ba treated to several inches of cold s . tee !—a treat which lie appreciated . —Liverpool Chronicle . ¦ Aheudeen . — The combmakers of Messrs Stewart ar . d Bowel ! , at the call of Mr O'Connor on behalf of Mrs Mitchei , aadinhonourof her coble and patriotic iiusbacd , have ordered fifty-one copies of the Sun : orth « r own works . They havo adopted this method to show cosfidence m Mr O'Connor in"d kbit they enthel y approve cf C 7 S < T step Jl ? O ^ onnor has taken to obtain tha Charter .
. Is ^^ i-s-Wtt
^Omffltftuiaue*
^ omffltftuiaue *
The Currency Question
THE CURRENCY QUESTION
REFORM , NATIONAL BANKRUPTCY , OR REVOLUTION . Thia question 1 b emphatically the notion ' s question , and as one man , therefore , the nation ought to look to it . Our peculiarly sad condition hag resolved itself into a significant phrase , contained in the words ' Condition of England Question '—a question which , though pro . nounced intricate , seems , to mj mind , to admit of an oat ; solution , when the nature of our present monetary system is reflected upon—a system os itbsnrd , unwise , and delusive , as it is ruinous , unjust , and uncalled for } and , unless it is placed upon a more honest ,
straightforward , consistent , clear , and intelligible basis , we must not only remain la that lamentable condition , but be prepared te encounter increased and steadily Increasing miseries , until tha people , driven to despair and recklessHess—a point to whloh they are rapidly tendingbreak forth into open rahellion , and roll the tide of revolution from one end of the country to the other . May heaven avert » uoh a fearful alternative I A social convulsion , which might spread ruin and desolation for a long period of time over these Islands , Is a sad event to contemplate ; but it is too much to be feared that the blinded selfishness of tbe few is goading us on to that catastrophe .
When recently elected at Tamworth , Sir Robert Peel expressed his anxiety to stay the progress of democracy , and yet be is the great revolutionist of the age I He has just deprived Louis Philippe of a throne , and may yet cause England to become » Republic , ' Out of this p lant— ' raisery' —tha bill of 1819 , ' said Cobbotl , ' wo shall yot pluck liberty . ' England is the , centre of the commercial world . Whatever depresses her affects all nations and all lands , and consequently , in the miserable ' condition of tbe sensitive Parisian population , the practical effects of the terrible disasters that have been inflicted upon England duriagthe past twelve months may easily be traced—disasters aggravated to the last degree , and ail bat solely caused by the hideous enactment of 1819—an enactment which has put Us veto upon anything approaching to the absence of uncalled for misery from the human race .
Why is England , so redundant with resources of every kind , not contented and happy * ' ilerrie England' no more , bow does it happen that her children are being gradually reduced to a state rapidly approaching to slavery ! industrious and full of energy—the most ' enterprising and ingenious—the bravest and noblest of this world ' s eons and daughters are— -oh ! name it not in Tamworth , tell it not In tho halls of Netherby—a nation of slaves ! Woik—work—work ! Till the brain begins to swim , Work—work—work ! Till tho eyas are heavy and dim ! Work—work—work ! My labour never flags ; And what are its wages ?—a bed of straw , A crust of bread—and rags !
How is it ? Let the bill of 1819 answer . Its ems are many—their name is legion , and its author has much to atono for .
« Oh Bob ! oh Bob ! ye'll get ye ' r falrln ' . In h—— , they'll roast you like a herrln !' A day of retribution will surely come , and may even now be at hand , when the name ef this declslohless , vacillating , monetary tinker , with all his farcical solemsities , will ba justly despised by -an injured nation , and handed down for execration to all posterity . HI * bill of 1819 will yet be known to the hard-working labourers of England" as the" disgraceful and villanoun cause of that iniquity which has reduced them te misery , wretchedness and' crime—as a bill which has handed over to the "drones ef society the products of our mother earth , to be squandered away in luxury and idleness , and , consequently , left tbe producer and his infant ones deprived not only of food and clothing , - bat almost of tbe very air of heaven—a prey to faminej disease , and death , Shallit longer be borne 1 Shall such
an obscene system of corruption , by which alone it was originated and is supported , he permitted to continue i SamethiBg tells mc—no ; and vrhiBpers that tlie dajr is at band when the sons of "Britain , rising In their might , will , and shall , and must be fret ;—free to demand , and ready to claim their rights so long denied—when this unjust , wicked , and improvident measure will bo swept into oblivion , and Britain bo bcreolf again—not the spectacle which she now presents to the world of bloated wealth and squalid poverty , but a comparatively happy , united , and contented people—all tho sons and daughters of labour sharing , according to their deserts ,: ia tho well-earned rewards of Industry and toU , and not ai now , each one running the demoralising race of chettery and vile competition with bis neighbour—the natural consequence of that unjust distribution of wealth which the measure referred to has caused , countenanced , and saactloned .
To the labourers of England , then , this question of the currency ia Important beyond aJJ others , its proper adjustment being essential te their nearest interests—let them therefore understand that Peel ' s Bill of 1819 is the basis of that currency—at least that it is the basis upon which the currency of this country has been attempted to be placed since 181 !) . It was enacted with the view of restoring gold to its natural price—viz ., £ 3 17 s . lOJd . per oz ., at which it was accordingly fixed , and at which consequently it is always obtainable . Nominally we lad maintained a currency , payable at this standard price , up to the year 1797 , but owing to the increase of the National Debt—then amounting to between three and four hundred millions—we were
compelled openly to abandon It . Openly , I say , because WO had , from the moment that that debt was introduced , laid the foundation of the ultimate disruption that was sure to occur between the two . The debt was a depar . tare from the laws of nature , and as it could only be supported by artificial means , a resort was had to paper money—hence from the gradual increase of the debt and of paper money , It gradually became more and more difficult , while the prices of all commodities wero being conquently artificially increased too , to keep gold alone , and in circulation , at its ancient price ; and after subjecting us to many difficulties , the unnatural struggle ended , as might have been anticipated , in the abandonment of the ancient standard , as above noticed , after which gold par . tlcipatsd in tbe artificial riso of prices with all other commodities .
Now what was there la our position in 1319 , Jet as inquire , to give even the shadow of an appearance of justice to e return to the ancient standard ? When I eay that the National Debt had increased to more than eight hundred millions , methinks I say enough to tendconvlotion home to the mind of any reasonable man , that we were less able than ever to return to that standard , and that it cannot be otherwise than too apparent that theact of 1819 was passed in woeful ignorance of its vast im . portancu , under tho peculiar circumstances in which the country was placed , as our subsequent history abundantly proves . The bill of 1819 , however , teal passed , but it wbb passed in vain , at least , in one all important sense , since It has proved to bo absolutely powerless for any good , but omnipotent for securing periodically recurring evils , of the most ruinous nature , to almost theentirecommuQity . The truth is the ancient standard has not been restored ! Peel
might as well bavo attempted to make tbe shadow go back upon the dial , as attempt , with the present amount of oar enormous fictitious debt , and consequent swollen engagements of all kinds , te force hack gold to its h & . t'iral price . Tbe thing was a palpable impossibility—an absurdity beyond all other absurdities—and hence the difficulties that have surrounded us ever since the insane experiment commenced ; and yot to this system Peel is joyfully , irrevocably , and eternally wedded and devoted 1 So says the late Dr Arnold , who was not Incapable of judging . ' The man has no reli gion , ' so says Dr Arnold . ' The God of his idolatry is the standard of Elizabeth ; the Church , rcflojiam , Catholicism , or any othor 'Ism , ' he cares not for , but on this point at least hie slippery mind is to all appearance fitmly fixed .
He rejoices that gold is fired at £ 3 17 s . 10 , Jd . per ounce ; and at another moment , apparently with an air of triumph , asserts—what ! That tho price of gold is not fixed ! Passing strange—then surely the bill of 1819 Is a , dead letter 1 For what , is it necessary to reiterate , was the till of 1819 passed , but to secure the price ot gold at £ i 17 » lOjd . per ounce , and at which price It Is accord-Ingly , neither more nor less , always obtainable ? Here , at tbe outset , is a dilemcia ! It must be—It evidently is a quibble ( somewhat akiu to that other stale prop of the bi ll of 1819 , 'What is a pound ? * What deoporato nt . tempts to mystify o subject which with success unequalled , has been so much mystified already I Indeed mystery is its only prop ! Onco tear the veil asunder , and this hideous enactment will stand forth in a ' l it » nafcea deformity , Arguments , to support it thoro are
none , and therefore none to confutol If tho price of L ° w ,, ° r . «« " " j . Potl "I " " ^ not-then , I repeat , the bill of 1819 must of necessity bo a dead letter . I fear however thatit-isb . it too true that tha price of gold is fixod . It is fixed to secure , a 8 I have said above periodically recurring evils of a nature tho most disastrous , especially to tho labouring portion of tho community ; it is therefore fired for evil , and nut for good ! When our necessities revolt from this fixed price of gold , and render I t a dead latter , as they periodicall y do , prosperity is triumphant—the people are compsrativcl y contented and happy , and with an air of native independence , wbilo smoking their pipes , jocularly r * netv the inquiry of tho witty dnjoun ol WU : ' Taxes ; Jim . l Bay , vat ' s taxes V Give the people ef England a sufficient currency aad plenty to do , which are synonjmouf , and what care they
| for taxes ? Darigg ouch periods the bill of 1819 , in n I certain ec-r . se , i , null and void ( it only exists where It should not )—tha standr . rd of valuo has been despised and neglected , and rrero it not for that standard , which does good to no one eavo tho drom s , tho prosperity would contmne , but then it unnecessarily , though most unfortunately , still exists , to recall ub back to misery ! Everything , let me toll you , in this country ia artificial , with two important exceptions , which are gold and misery . The fatal enactment respecting tho ouo , euu-. es the other ! Our National Debt is proeniinuitly artifieU . 1 , " nnd the prices of all commodities , within our own country , arc necessaril y eo too—these artificial prt .-os can only be supported by an extended currency—that extension , in Bplte of the act of 1819 , wo arc forced lo arrive at , and , when arrived at , the nation is prosperous , and tho other nations with whom wo trido aro go too ; but , at such periods of prosperity , we have revolted from , and for .
The Currency Question
felted our allegiance to the ' . nxed price of gold , or , ill other words , tha purchasing power of the currency in gold as well as bank notes , has become diminished , and we consequently no sooner arrive at this condition ( and mark me this is where all the evil lies under this stupid system ) than the gold , naturally disliking that association with paper money , which has thus entailed upon it merely an artificial value , revolts from the depreciation , and gradually disappears from our hands , being , by tbe same natural action attracted to other lands , where Its intrinsic valuo or purchasing power is not pulled down , depreciated nor diminished by any artificial or fictitious arrangements , like our National Debt , whjnh i » neither more nor less than a National Delusion ! And ( that gold bslng the basis , as well as the regulator of tho quantity .,.,., „ . , „„„« „ , j .. _ . ..
of our circulation ) a « itec the periodiaal panto , with which . we have been so often visited since ths return to the ancient standard was attempted , commencing immediately after the war was ended in 1815 , and which have entailed upon us from time to time such Immense lossespanics which ought to ba deplored by nil , and looked upon indeed as a sort of silent confession that there is something radically wrong in our whole system . In my opinion that wrong is self-evident , and tbe remedy equally clear . The bUI of 1819 is the root ol all the mischief , and its Immediate abrogation therefore , and that al < me , is the remedy . Do away with It , and yon will render our whole system , artificial in reality—that is , you will make it the same as it is now , with tho all essential difference however , that gold alone will not be exempted
from that artificiality , as tbe law of 1819 now stupidly attempts to make it ; this abrogation therefore cnuld do no harm—no ipjury whatever to existing interests , unless you look upon periods of depression as favourable to the moneyocraoy , andtheynodoubttemporariiyareso—these they would consequently be deprived of , but who would regret it ! And , Indeed , what right nave they to the unholy gains attendant upon such misery-oreativo periods to all else besides f Tho bill of 1819 , however , is desperately clung to , in fatal ignorance , I grant you , but still it is a creed , if you may so call it , to which many , ay , " thousands , who imagine themselves interested in its preservation , have firmly and resolutely pinned their faith . Never could there be a greater mistake—a niore fatal error . The fundholders , especially , and beyond all others ( and yet I cannot say that altogether , sla ' ce the value of all other property iu the country ranges by I the
public funds ) are interested in tbe adoption of a poUcy tho very reverse , viz ,, that which I am now strenuousl y advocating . Repeal the bill of 1819 , and the National Debt remains secure . Continue that act , and We will continne to be drifted about until we spile upon tbe rooks of revolution ! They ought to know that ' nature disowns the visionary basis upon which the funding system is built . ' These are the words of Thomas Paine , one of the ablest and most ronowned political economists of his age ; and though uttered more than half s century ago , when the funding system had not-reached half its present magnitude as far as numbers go , their truth and justice have become more apparent than ever . Sinee we have' got into eur present deplorable state , however , our best plan of action is to endeavour to get out ef it in the best way we can , without plunging the whole nation into anarchy and ruin—Inextricable for years . .
Now , what I am anxious to point out is simply thlethat we would be a much more sensible people if we would at once abandon this needless system , and allow gold to fiud its price in bur markets , in tbe same manner as we now allow it to nod Its purchasing power—a power which , ts I have endeavoured to show , must always remain greatly diminished so long as we are compelled to keep such'large quantities of paper money in circulatlon =-ln . abort , the reduction of the debt alone will ever enable ue to reduco the latter , and consequently so long as that debt is not reduced , we . cannot keep gold at its ancient price , this is clear and simple ; but it is not comprehended by tbe enlightened people of this empire , Mys'ification , conjuring up all sorts of terrors to these , wbo imagine themselves interested , has done its work so well ! We have solemn and earnest entreaties from men of all parties , not to
meddle with the sacred standard—a thing which I re > peat , exists nowhere , save in their own Peel . misled imaginations , except for securing those evils which are oqpally deplored by all !—they take it for granted , however , that thoro is a staodaroV-ihat the currency question was settled In 1819—that all engagements entered into since then , would conseqaently be unsettled by a change—and contented , therefore , in this blind belief , notoaly deprecate » ny attempt at change , but Xnataiitly , u ' nff voce—with a singular unanimity , denounce and stigmatise such attempts as dishonest , fraudulent , wicked , and delns ' ivo !! How , in the namo of all that is sacred , demand to know , could a return to common sense on the part ef the British nation , rob any portion of the community t 'Repeal tbe act of 1819—and what follows ? The rtign of absurdity and error will cease , and a can sisten * , humane , straightforward , and intelligible—because a natural—system will be restored !
In conclusion , let me tell the Political Economists to bewaro ! They loudly dany that any change , is re quired , but tbe men of England laugh them to scorn . — No change required ! What an insult to common 86 hse !! With ; Ireland before their eyes , and hundreds of thousandsof the , starving industrious at their own doorsthey shut their eyes , and recklessly assert that there la no cause for complaint—no need forchange . ' Aadsuch words are addressed to the men ef England , who are even willing to allow themselves to he degraded to a condition little better , if not worse , than that of slavery , if they can only secure bread to preserve thein ffein starvation !!
If a change of any kind was needed in France , and 0 revolution was justifiable to accomplish it , as even our corrupt Press unanimously , though with a ourlous grace , admit ; how much more , may it not be asked , Is a sweeping change required here , where hunger by inches —that cunningly devised mode of starvation—is the order of the day ! The French accomplished a revolution in 1830 . —So did we when the Reform Bill was carried : The French found themselves grievously deceived , and were resolved to make no mistake another time . How much more have we been deceived i What have the Whigs , liberal In name , but utterly tyrannical at heart , done for us ? L 5 t as make no mistake this time , ought to , be the earnest prayer of ail ! ! There is no hepe for England , but through the Charter . I confess myself a convert to its doctrines , an £ wishing all success to the hard working men of England , who are , in every respect , deserring of tho suffrage ,
I beg to subscribe myself , Their fellow . labourer and friend , A . Z ., junior
A Word Or Two Jfflom A 'Special.' To The...
A WORD OR TWO JFflOM A ' SPECIAL . ' TO THE EDITOB Of THE NOBTUEBK STAB . Sib , —The' specials' ( since the secrets of tho Bikes Boon have been exposed , ) havo naturally enough become yerj much disgusted at bavins been so plausibly hooked in by government to support gross abuses and not thbir own property , or a just government . When their ' tbres months ' have expired , see if oae fourth will re-enlist No , no , they naturally enough say , we will stick by our own houso and proporiy with red hot pokers , if necessary , and not be obliged to shut up shop at all hours
and in all weathers , to parade the streets to support tbe Black List , and an over-luxurious aristocracy living out of the pockets of the poor and starving ! And if we do not turn out to do policeman ' s duty wo are subject to a penalty of £ 20 ! Subject to a penalty of £ 20 because we vjlll . not support suction iniquitous church and aristocracy 1 John Bull , verily you are a great fool to have allowed things to go on thus so long . Tbe Marquis of Worcester , and other , aristocrats , have lately been sworn in fl 9 ' specials j' they think that after the 10 th of April ' specials * have served their time the aristocracy will have to take care of themselves , —very probable , I should think .
It la very cortam that vrhils there is such an latqultouB Blaok List the country trill ever be poor and in trouble . It is not amongst the aristocracy that there is the greatest wisdom , and it is not the aristocracy who now work tho wheels of government and improve every science , therefore tho aristocracy aro not indispensably necessary . But there is so objection to an aristocracy , so long as they keep themselves , and have only their proper amount of power . Cut as long as thero la one law for the rich and another " tor the poor , and OS lonp as tho poor are made to pay taxes to support the luxuries and many . vices of tho aristocracy and their friends , so long will there bo poverty and discontent , and , of course , rioting , Remove tbe cause , ( the Blaok List and unjust laws , ) aud tha tffoot ( discontent and rioting , ) will cease . Yours , A 'Special . '
Ireland's Wrongs. To The Ldwob Of Thk Ho...
IRELAND'S WRONGS . TO THE LDWOB Of THK HOBTUEBS 8 TAB . gjp Oh . Ireland ! who can think upon thy wrongs Without a bitter pang . In the face of the bright sun , thy children pcriah for bck of bread . See thtro a pool mother passing through the streets of Tuam ; her cries rend the air for two of her little ones fall—they Ho upon the bare ground in the hard trodden street and immediately expire . Turn from tho saddening scene , end your eyes light upon another equally distressing . Four women carry upon a hurdle a boy , followed by its disconsolate mother . The corpse is wrapped in straw—the mother could procure no coffin , and thus they aro bearing it to tho grave . You turn with sickening heart away , but only to behold a sight , if possible , still more distressing , A wretched , emaciated labourer , nearly naked , foot sore with travelling , aud nearly dend with huugcr , enters a duelling to solicit permission to remain for tho night . L-ave to tarry is obtained , and the char ! .
table iuraatea oft ' . r him food . Ho oats and retires to rest . Reet ! Tho ( Jijeon has her conch of down , so have thoits'jnds more of tho Idle and profl g . \ to , who sever yet know what was meant by toll ; but he , the wearied cliild of labour , bad been seaiehlng for employment in vain , had slept for saveral nights undorhadges , and but for tho kindness of those puor Inmates , must have dune so this night . But they can afford fci » n ° bed ; ho mutt lie on the floor , with nothing save the rays ho wears for a covering :. At five in the morning he tries to sally forth , but his limbs refuse to bear bitn , and death ends his miserable existence . You ase next iu the vicinity of Skibber < en , where famine bath olain its thousands . Thcra are masses of military and police convey ing tho faminc-striokon culprits to and from the courlhou . io . You enter it , and see theprioouers when called ou , ono by ono , ' are unable to eland at tho bar , but aro held up by ' a policeman : whikt outha bench , a
Ireland's Wrongs. To The Ldwob Of Thk Ho...
Semblance of humanUy . proseeas to try the unfortunate beiOi before him . One ia charged with having stolen two wC . bjb . ta ofpotatoes ; the jury consults for a moment after hea ^ ng the evidence ; guilfy Is pronounced by the foreman , and > he heartless recorder proceeds to sentence ; a fearful » hriok from the prisoner ' s wife thrills through every heart , for the * felon is sentenced to seven years transportation . These we no tal ^ s of fiction . See the Cobb : Examines , the Galwat Mebcuet , the Tcam Hebald , and the Mato Constitution , and where are the Englishman ' s joys f What amount of pleasure is shared amongst the 19 , 060 persons on the poor ' s list , in Bradford . ; or . the 22 , 000 iaJuan ch ester ; or the thousands in Nottingham , or Leicester . The gruel diet of the parish poor in England Is not a whit more nutritious than the heavy lumpers or Indian meal of Ireland . Ought this state-ot things to be borne , when by moderate exertion tea times more can be produced than the iSfcmblanoaofhnmanUvDrOeeedBtotry the unfortunate
population eauconsuma ? but the labourers are not per . mltted to live , whilst the few who would fancy themselves degraded if obliged to uie the mechanism of the artisan , or the tool of the husbandman , are revelling in luxury , wrenched from the famished workman . U not one man s life as dear to him as another's ? Yet one of the bravest of men must bo banished—tern from his wife and children—his heir cropped , and wearing the garb of a felon , for asserting that tho life of a poor man was equal to that ef a rich man ; or will you allow your minds to be diverted to the pursuit of any other object , however dear , till that brave man Is restored to bis family % What is the £ . 400 , which was said to have been collected , worth to the bereaved wife and children ! With what indignation would that noble-minded woman view the offer , when told that this sum was what a nation of eight millions had to give in return for her husband ' s services .
Englishmen , —you have a twofold reason for bestirring yourselves in behalf of the exited patriot . Ireland ' s ml . sery is owing to English rule , and yon can only prove your sympathy by your devotedness in bfhalf of Ireland ' s friend . The second reason is , your misery will equal that of Ireland in four years time , if you struggle not to avert It . Nine-tenths ofuur populatloaia'o by labour of one kind or another , but that labour is daily being displaced by new improvements iu machinery . I told you the other day , through tbe Natienal Assembly , that here ,. in Blackburn , the shuttle had been made to increase in speed from 120 to 170 picks & tninuta within
the last thrae years , and that owing to this increased speed one-third more work could be performed in the same time ; but within the last fortnight , a loom has been made to drive in one of our saUls at the rate of 220 picks a minute . Wheu railroads were laid , and horses displaced by machinery , a ready road was found of getting rid of redundant horstflesb . There is only one road to get rid ef you , the working classes , and that is by stabbing you through the stomach , and the heartless wretehes wbo govern will not hesitate to do this , as it is Bscessary to preserve tho present system for their own sake . Richabd Maksden .
On The Origin And Nature Of Bights And W...
ON THE ORIGIN AND NATURE OF BIGHTS AND WRONGS . TO TBE EDITOB OP THE NOBTBESK STAB , Sib , —Fervently desiring the most complete success in conquering your rights and liberty , let ns reason together and see whether we know what they ere . Though arms are very essential In removing the agentaofop . presslon , yet , without a true knowledge of the nature of rights and wrongs , we can neither restore them thoroughly , nor shape measures so as io ultimately attain them . Think not that tba settling of fundamental principles , In the abstract , is less Important- than tbe
exercise of the sword in the practical establishment of liberty . Nor should we heedlessly neglect to consider any new position in political science , when tbe history of reform shows that every really new idea has always leavened the sentiments of mankind . Let , then , both the most theoretical and practical thinkers among us strain every thought , and , so far as the light of the age will admit , developo the thorough principle of our rights and wrongs . The many libortyrfsiftr nations of Europe , establishing constitutional governments , demand the united intellect of reformers In working , out a true political science . - The labouring millions , for ages , have beep sufficiently sacrificed by the aristocracy , to the dod ef Mammon for their future redemption ,
If the people of Europe can advance no further than tfte eatobliobtpont at representative governments , like these of the United States , by copying our servile Imitation of your King , Lords , and Commons , by a President , senate , and representatives , instead of establishing the right of each man to the soil , , to arms and to sovereignty , so that ho can employ himself , isatead of becoming a hireling , and , in proper person , partake in prescribing law and government by means of township primary assemblies , the working millions will still have to pass through another era of damnation . But if you cannot possibly carry oat this thorough principle of . a perfect right—if you cannot yot directly restore each man his natural share of the ¦ oil—ifyonoannot . yet dispense with sovereignty-mono * polieing officers , as well as landlords , by the people acting
In proper person in township assemblies , by all means mako it a part of the constitution tb & t the right ef each one to a ibare In the soil is Innlieisble , subject only to bo exchanged for each other , & o ., and that the overplus of the present monopolisers of the soil shall be sold to the landless only in equal shares , ascertained by dividing tbe whole of the goad soil by the population ; that the whole male population shall be always armed as a standing army , and the duty ef those of the locality iavaded , to repel the assailants while Constantly reinforced and their plaees supplied from tha neighbouring quarters ; and that there shall be but on 0 un-branched legislative assembly , with Its speaker and secretaries , acting also is the executive , with a veto upon their enactments by their people in tbe primary assemblies , and who also with universal suffrage , shall elect every officer .
But , oh , how can we hope that mankind will yet thoroughly attain their rights , whin the knowledge of their nature and origin is yet clouded by the dogmas of oges , and but partially" developed by the reformers of the ago . Though the intimate and Infleparsbltf eonnotion of man ' s organs with each other and the surrounding elements is most palpably the origin of his right to life , to sovereignty , to soil , and tho i < hole product of bis labour ; yet , behold what a circle the human mind has been revolving In for three thousand years , as to the origin of rights , properly , and government . In pagan Greece , it seems , the sovereign power was supposed to proceed from sages aud kings . The psoplo assembled for advice around tbe philosophers ia their gardens , and the orator statesmen in the forum ,
and decided as a jury upon the laws and measures of government . But the Jewish literature arose , charged with a new but improved . religion , but which thickened the cloud of man ' s Iguoranco as to the origin of rights , by inculcating the doctrine that God invested the allodial title to the earth aad tho sovereign power of government in Adam and his lineal descendants . Hence , all tho kings of Christendom traced their genealogy to Noah ' s throe sons , and , for a round of ages , the highest title to the soil and to sovereignty was claimed by them , and that tho rest of mankind held by various forms of tenure and vlce-gerency . But tha ecclesiastical power ,
la the meantime , claimed , as the vice-gerents of heaves , the divine right to transmit the temporal titles and powers to kings . At this crisis , Locke , with tha inductive philosophy of Bacon , showed the absurdity of supposing the origin of rights , of government , and properly , to bavo originated is Adam , in kings , or popes . Bat , though he removed some rubbish , ha only substituted the dogma , that the origin of government was founded in a conventional compact between . the king , on the one part , promising protection , and the people , on the other , promising obedience , Blackstone made no advance by supposing that tho people , finding a government hanging over thorn , give tboir tacit consent ,
Then Rousseau , still retaining the dogma of a ' social compact , ' suppoicd tbe contract to bo made by the whole bedy of the people , ou the one part , and each individual on the other , leaving a king out of the bargain . This cut off nnothnr excrescence of the dogma ; hut it is by his declaration that the right to sovereignty is inalienable , and , therefore , can only bo represented by itself , that he made the first advance In applying ono of tho true principles of every right to that of sovereignty , but which he did not generalise to the other rights , Nor did be apply the other two prlnoipleswhich constitute a perfect right—that of equality and individuality— but predicated that the sovereignty was oae and indivisible . This dogma that makes sovereignty an abstract unity in tho majority of the people , denies it to tbe minority . But by assuming
that each maw s right to sovereignty and every other right is equal , individual and inalienable , no majority , with all the potters of earth aud heaven combined , can alienate that of the minority or even a single individual . Thus he failed to apply even his correct princip le of tho iaalienablenoss of sovereignty in the right way and to trace it to its proper origin . Instead of tracing rights to tho indissoluble connexion of man ' s organs and wants with the surrounding elements , he stopped at the compacts of Intervening legislative bodies , who can only moke esparto attempts at dinning what tho laws of this connexion are , According to the doctrine that rights are equal , isolated and inalienable , tho real compact is between each man ' s body and the / mounding world , so that though laws should be enacted by tho mojority of the people in person , yet they can be of no validity if contrary to the natural relations of mans ' s wants with
the external world . Rousseau , then , having predicated tho dogma , that the right of sovereignty is one end indivisible , Babeuf , Fourier , aud Oivtn bare generalised the principle to the other rights of life , person , labour , aad propjrty , as also one , indivisible aud common . The two latter , under different modifications of tbe principle , iu the forui of phalutues and communitieo , urge that capitalists should associate tbelr capital and > 4 vo permanent tin ploy ment to the producer , not
seeming to perceive tho damnable presumption of one portion ot society giving tho other employment , when ail arw entitled to an equal share of the soil , and should give themselves employment . What a poor advance it is in the knowledge of a perfect right , to contend anly that u man has a right to employment , instead of to the whole product of his labour , and to bis equal share of thu soil . Strange that men can see that they have a natural right to labour , without seeing , thut they must also havo a natural right to tho materials of labour—the soil mid oppurtenant elements , I find that th ' j extreme reform sentiment tn tho present struggle in France , sees a © farther than that capital
On The Origin And Nature Of Bights And W...
should be so organised as to ( $ ?/> ? plQ ] mtnt & """ greater share of profits to the hireling . Alas th „ * ignorant drudge ! Oh that you could thbk as fcf r as you can fight . ' How will you be dtaiM M £ ? ty continuing to labour upon the dsgradlne nVw , b J hireandwages . How will , 0 = continue " toW * ' « by poverty and famine , until you learn that th ^ l capital , and labour must b » united in the asms , 0 || i In the form of self-employment equ » l , Individ , ? . ? 8011 . inalienable homesteods . Capital is merel y th 8 ""A of your labour , after supporting the non-proa cin ' mrpI ' « in luxury , and yourselves with the smallest ni » Claa » But were yon to reclaim your natural right to tl ° - tha whole product of . your labour would be y " < there could be no such an evil as that of proner ?* ' ^ mnlaring property . * ™ "cn . Yet oan we wondsr at the slow advance of the m in knowled ge , when we see stated above * h | J very few who caa originate truth , only advance ' each other by asserting oft « n no more than ° fractional part of a principle ,, each time ^ often accompanied with false positions , which are ^^ rally caught up more rapidly . than the tru » ? ene ' The Communists of Prance are , no doubt th ° ne '' radical ef the revolutionists .. They see farthest ht **** rights of labour ; but assuming tho Impracticable tt clpk of comraunltislBg property and other rieht . PritU stead of individualizing them still more IW , v * should be so organlaed as to ttiff , fm P ^ fa ^ r ^
wui etfect nothing . I shall be pained to and that i 1 years discussion will not establish what the sincere » * publleans of ' 92 struggled for , that of Universal Sufc and that of having the enactments of a tingle IteiglM ' body submitted to the people in their primary ai . biles for their final decision . A sovereignt y as wen every other right being inslienakle , it mast be « er « , S by each man for himself in proper person . For offlc will no more wield the sovereignty for the beuint ^ constituents , than landlords will iold the soil for , k , profi t of tenants . This direct discussion and votlniy oW the law Itself , Is the only principle over ytt atteamC to be established , thot is in accordance with the tru » exercise of any political right , '
I take the poaition , that every right to be perfect mm be tqitd , fadfttidtiaJ , and inalienable . They are equal be . eauaeeach man ' s organs , natural wants and powers of production are equally connected ; they are individual bscause they are individually connected ; and tbey Wj inalienable , because they are Inseparably connected with the surrounding earth and appurtenant elements . Ac cording to this constitution of rights , no man ean ba made the property of another . without committing the greatest outrage upon humanity , The right to life b » b » equal , all mqst equally dafsnd themselves ; itbelns'ladirl dual , each must individuall y defend himself ; and it bein » Inalienable , it cannot be alienated In the form of capital punishment , aggressive war , or anyway whatever eit
eept in self-defence and defen » lve > ar . Itis ' thednty thsre . fore , of every mgn to be always armed " in self defence and become a part of the standingarmy , without any pirj becoming & hired soldiery and separate interest from tha rest of tho citiiens . With this improved form of th » military it will be the duty of these of the locality in . vaded to repel the invaders in self-defence , while coj ! tinuelly reinforced ; thus soon ending the warfare with . " oat creating a labour-taxing national debt . The ri ght of each man to sovereignty being equal , he cannot exercise It equally unless for himstlf iu proper personit being individual , It must not be held as one and in ! dlvisable in any collective boly , party , majority , eliqu » « r klag . For this takes It away from those who do not
join the body that has commualtlsed it . Tbe right ol sovereignty , then , must be held as individual and conelii , sive , as well as property . It must not be held in com . mon fer the use of party , but for the use of one ' s self , And what is held properly for one ' s self will not ba detrimental to the interest of the rest of mankind . The right of each man to sovereignty being Inalienable it cannot properly be exercised by a substitute , depmy , ' representative , Ne man or class can ever represent another , they can only reprssent themselves . It u the officers of every government who exercise tha
soverelgu power , which is vested in them by the con . stitution and laws , while the people have no other power than that of selecting who shall wield thetx already alienated sovereignty . , Tha boasted privilege of Universal Suffrage is nothing mors than the universal participation of all in selecting from among the mono . polisers of their sovereignty . ' That constitution , therefore , that provides that legislation shall be exercised by what is called representatives , instead of the people in proper person , by that very provision alienates tbelr sovereignty and other rights .
. The right of each man to the soil , and to the whole product of labour , being equal , he must be entitled to « a . equal share of the soil . As his right to them is also in . dividual , they should be held in an isolated state—it being impossible to enjoy perfectly the same identical things . And as the right to the soil is inalienable , it should never bo held in the form of tenure by any portion of mankind from the rest . For that class which holds the soil of the country , monopolises also every other right and reduces all who have no property to mere goods and chattels , and to the most productive kind of pro . P-Tty .
It seems that though all property , all rights , are mo . nopoUsed by a class of non-producors , yet even they may lose their equal share out of their unjust aeeumu . latlons ; because rights have never yet been declared and established upon the triune principle of their equality , indieiditaKij / and iHaHen « bleness- ; aided by an organise , tion into townships , where the proportionate number of farmers aud mechanics , in proper person , on their heme , steads , ean produce six assortment of th « necessaries of life , equitably exchange their surplus products , and k . gislats by township primary assemblies . Yours is ' thorough reform , Lxwis MiSIJOEllXUS , ¦ Willlamsburgh , near New York , May 10 th , 1818 .
Mdbdbr And Highway Robbery In Ayhshihs. ...
Mdbdbr and Highway Robbery In Ayhshihs . — As two young men from Kilmarnock were out , it fa thought on a poaching excursion , early on the morning of Saturday , they found lying on a road , between the parishes of Dundonald and Riccarton , the body of a youth , who bore distinct traces that he bad bees foully murdered . The features of the ill -fated youth were covered with clotted blood , and his body was cold ana * stiff . A bundle , which belonged to the deceased , was on the road near him ; but with the exception of his cap , which waa gone , there was no evidence of external spoliation . The neighbouring farmere and their servants were immediately in * formed of the occurrence ; while , at the same time , information was forwarded to the authorities . Mr
Gkobs , p ^ MUr & fcM-fiscal , and Superintendent Penny , of the constabulary , were early on the spot . In tha course of their inquiries , it transpired that the young man who had thus come to so violent and untimely a death was James Young , seventeen years of age , son of John Young , farmer , in Gateside , near Riccar * ton . He was a farm servant to Mr Smith , in Fort . acres . He left his employer ' s residence on Friday , which was' term day 'in Kilmarnock , and having received his half-year ' s fee , amounting to about £ 3 , he had purchased with this sum aeveral articles ef wearing apparel . He visited bis parents at Gate * side in the course of the afternoon , and after having : spent a few hours with them and other relations , be left his father ' s house about half-past ten o ' clock , on
his return to Fortacres , which could only have occupied him an hour ' s walk , and which he was destined never to reach . From the manner in which tha body was found , it is conjectured that the murdeier had either lain in wait or overtaken his victim for the purpose of effecting a robbery : and that he had felled him to the ground by a blow with a atone on the back part of the head . The youth , perhaps , having identified the robber , and given alarmthough no one heard a cry in that neighbour * hood on the evening in question—the ruffian , the more effectually to accomplish hia purpose , and to disconnect any chain of identity , accomplished the terrible crime by driving or forcing a large chisel into the neck of tho unfortunate youth , beneath the
left ear , dividing the carotid artery , and thereby causing instantaneous death . The murderer must then , unmolested , have robbed his victim , taking away a silver watch , a few shillings of money—for » considering the purchases of the lad , he could have had only a few shillings in his pocket — and tha bonnet which he wore . The chisel with which tha deed was committed was found about ten yards off , in an adjoining pastnro field . It had been throws over by the murderer ; and when found , on Super * intendent Penny ' s arrival , was still wot with blood . It is a large and deadly-looking instrument , and does not seem to havo been used for carpenters' . purposes , but chiefly for occasional jobs , The authorities hare been assiduous in the performance of their duties . DrS Haldane , of Ayr , and Paxton , of Kilmarnock , mail 8 a post mortem examination of the body on Saturday I and Mr Sheriff Robinson and Mr J . F . Murdoch prccurator-tiscal . renewed their investigati ° .
at Fortacres yesterday . From the vigilance oj Superintendent Penny ' s force , we have no doubt that there will speedily be a clue by which the per * pertrator of the bloody deed will be brought to justice . Since the above was in type , we ( Aib 05 * SKuvfiB ) are happ £ to state that an Irishman , against whom strong suspicions exist as being the murderer , has been taken into custody , and securely lodged in Ayr jail . It appears that the prisoner arrived m Beith in the course of Saturday ; and having obtained the assistance of an acquaintance , whopaffned a watch corresponding with the one worn by tno murdered youth , receiving £ 1 for it , he took hisdS * parturo by an afterneon train for Johnstone , tw however , went out at Lockwinncck , and committed * it is reported , another depredation by breaking open a chest in one of tho toll-houses in that district The police afterwards got upon his trail , and succeeded in apprehending bim in Paisley , from wheaw he was brought , by the railway train , to the count /
prison . The Cholera . —Tha cholera is making sad bavce again in Russia . According to the Berli ^ ;™ NAcniucniER , there were in one week 155 cases i * Moscow , fifty-seven of which terminated j *™ Tha epidemic is also raging in Wladimir and Tsoaei * nigorod , and in the government of Podoiia . The guardians of the poor of Sheffield have cora * menced an interesting experiment by taking ata D ^ minalrent of the Duke of Norfolk a ^ out eixty acr * j of waste land , ou which to employ the pmipors , 8 ^ thus avoid the unprofit & . ' olo waalao £ labour and a « - gradation ol the stone heap .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), June 10, 1848, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_10061848/page/2/
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