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^^TIt CHARTIST- MEETING IN 0 for — . ^ "...
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^^TIt CHARTIST- MEETING IN GB^ IflE CITY...
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complish their ohjectsand tosufier any t...
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' Public Opinion on Russw.-^At the last ...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^^Tit Chartist- Meeting In 0 For — . ^ "...
31 wnwWBWiw ¦¦¦ ¦¦ mi i UVUARY 19 , 1850- mTT « Jt ^^ r — - ^^ ~ -- ^ gBaB __ , THE NORTHERN STAR v I ~ * i ' t ~^~~ - ~ i ^ ttg = i _" -- ;——^^ - ^ 3 ^*^ . ^^^^^ — ¦„ - _ — ¦ D
^^Tit Chartist- Meeting In Gb^ Ifle City...
^^ TIt CHARTIST- MEETING IN GB IflE CITY OF LONDON .,,... _ - c-j ffrcatpuhbVmeeting in furtherance of 1 ^ Un of Chartist Organisation , took place *** »! linden Tavern , Bishopsgate-street , on Monstt he u > . January 14 th . Thedeors were opened *** ' n o ' clocfe , and immediately the body of the at «?? " „ aiierr , and every nook and corner became to iv crowded . A number of the fair sex were ^ t < uul seemed to take a deep interest in the P ^ SiiKS . On the entrance of Mr . O ' Connor P !® c ^' provisional Committee they were greeted a 1 ^ „™ lon <>* u cheering . lnr . "W . J . Vernon ( the *? f-i late of- Tothilfields ) , on being recognised , Tl likewise greeted with enthusiastic cheering . OT i" GrS O ^ Cossob , Esq ., M . P ., was , on the V ™ ' nAlessrs . G . W . Ketxolds and Eaiechild , monslv called to the chair . <^ It CHARTIST- MEETING IN
^ Mr Clvkk , who acted as secretary , commenced the business of the evening , by reading the followw address : — THE PROVISIONAL COAIMITTEE TO THE
CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Fb texps axd Brethhen , " \ Yc avail ourselves of the opportunity ifibrded by the first grand Metropolitan Meetl y held under oar administration , to afford vou some idea of that policy which we intend to adop t for the purpose of imparting vigour io the cause of resuscitating Chartism ; and j » v this spontaneous readiness on our part , to ^ ve an account of eur stewardshi p at so earl y a day after our election to office , as well as b y the p lans we are about to make known to you , to believe that we are affording the country ihe best possible proof that no time has been wasted in entering seriously , actively , and energetically upon the important duties entru sted to IIS .
In the first place , we have directed our attention to the propriety of holding several grand Metropolitan Meetings , in the largest places that can be obtained for such assemblages ; and also in localities the inhabitants of which have not hitherto been ranch accustomed to hear anything of Chartism save through the studied , intentional , and unwearied misrepresentations of the principal newspapers of tho day . Whether we have conimeuccd our series © f " great meetings in a fitting place , and a proper nei ghbourhood , we roust , leave those who are acquainted with the London Tavern , and who are aware that it is in the very heart of the city of London , . to decide .
In the second place , we are aboutto promulgate to the country , at an early day , a system ibr local organisation ; and this "will be the very first measure to which we propose to address our attention in the course of the ensing fortnig ht . Thirdly , we have it in contemplation to hire upon lease some large , commodious , and -irellsituated p lace of meeting , whei-c weekl y assemblages may he held , and where lectures may be delivered : —and should-it prove difficult to obtain such a place as may be in all respects suitable for the purposes named , we propose to negotiate with a builder for the erection of a Chartist Hall , in a spot convenientl y central .
Fourthly , we have already deliberated , aud shall shortly renew , the discussion upon the propriety of calling a Conference to assemble iu London , in the middle of the month of March , for the purpose of giving additional vigour to the Chartist movement , and aflording the People ' s real representatives , thus chosen , an opportunity of proclaiming the requirements and interests , ihe demands and the-rights , of the industrious classes , at the same time that the representatives of aristocracv , capital , and landed interest * are assem-Lled ' at St . Stephen ' s .
Fifthly , we purpose to make arrangements for the publication and gratuitous distribution of Tracts , written in a plain and calmly argumentative style , so that the wrongs and saBerings of the Classes may be expressed at the same time that the remedies may he suggested ; and that the people generally may be well prepared to make a worthy use of those rights and privileges of which it is hoped they will soon become the possessors .
Sixthly , we hare resolved to - p lace onrselves in communication with the democrats of Ireland , and to solicit their co-operatiou in the great moral struggle which the unrepresented and enslaved masses in England , Scotland , and Wales , have undertaken against aristocratic tyranny , class-legislation , and oligarchial oppression . Seventhly , we shall appeal to the democrats ia the colonies to unite their voices with those of their snfiering brothers and sisters in the mother country ; and we shall assure the dwellers in those misgoverned portions of the empire , that they have our warmest sympathies , and must give us theirs in return .
Eighthly , we hav 3 resolved to call upon the great cities and towns of England and Scot-Land to adopt immediate measures for the furtherance of the good cause by a vigorous and energetic , though peaceful , legal , and moral agitation for the People ' s Charter . We invite our friends and brethren in those cities and towns to devolope as speedily , and as fervidly as possible , all the resources of which local eftbrt is capable , aud which neither menace public tranquillity nor violate the Jaw . We recommend large meetings to be called ; and , under suitable arrangements , we propose that deputations from your Provisional Committee , should visit those places where their services would be useful .
This is the outline of the policy unanimously adopted by your Provisional Committee . If the Chartists of the metropolis , aad the provinces , will support us , we have xw doubt of our ability to carry into execution all the plans just shadowed forth . The result will be to give Chartism such an imposing attitude as it never has assumed before ; and , " wita tlie middle classes agitating : for reform on - « . i , ifle one hand , and the industrious classes sustaining their own grand , enlightened , and majestic movement on the other , no considerable length of time can elapse ere monopolisers of power and oppressors of all kinds shall be forced to abandon their strongholds , and yield to the voice of justice and the pressure of truth .
The applause wiieh followed the reading cf the ajore document having subsided , The Chairman , who on rising was greeted with loud- cheers , said that the exhibition ol that ni ght proved the fact which he had told plain John Campbell , that if Chartism was struck down , it would remain thoughtful in its slumbers until the day of resurrection . ( Cheers ) On the 10 th of April the enemies of the people , and those who lived upon their
industry , rejoiced in the prostration of Chartism , butthe oldmaxim , was true that " after a storm came a cahn ; " and it was equall y true that after a calm came a storm . And from Stat night ' s proceedings he trusted that the Parliamentary Reform Association would understand that the Chartist party was not to be used as a mere auxiliary force to secure the ascendancy of any other class . Iu order to prove that theleaders of that party were sincere , he would inform them that Sir Joshua
Walmsley , in his recent visit to hisconstituents , anof at a meeting—not of the rabble ard the mob , but of the electors—declared himself j « favour of the Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) -Ihey should understand that mind in its pro-Sites had to go through varied and numerous changes . Any measure that was propounded Ie the beuefitof the industrious , and that was le pngnant to that of the powerful who lived j
c their serfdom , was first laughed at , then locked and reviled , then persecuted , then dogmaticall y argued , and ultimately adopted , wheers . ) Therefore , what he wanted was , B ° ito enfranchise land , but to emancipate and ^ franchise the mind , and then the land would y speedil y converted to " national and not to ^ purposes . ( Cheers . ) No man sympa-J ^ more than he did with the Italian , the ^ tian , the Pole , and all foreignera who v « re
^^Tit Chartist- Meeting In Gb^ Ifle City...
™ f fA ? * ° &* ## for <* to destroy English people , would gain wisdom from those parties ^ whose power the victory was achieved were ^ the first to suffer . ¦ ¦( Bur , M " r \ ' th ef re What he required of the English people was , to base the English representative system upon such a foundation compelled to resort in t > W = ; ,. „ i a .-.. ^ . - ~
as would enable England to . be the advocate of tho people of other countries , who sought to emanci pate themselves from serfdom . ( Cheers . ) They had quite enough to do at home ; and , as the immortal bard had told them , "If England cannot keep the dog from her own door , let her be worried . " All parties were sympathising with their sufferings , whereas their every grievance was the result of their own disunion .
( Hear , hear . ) Many sympathised with the slaves of the United States and other countries , but while they were called freemen , tbey were the greater serfs . The slave-owner had an interest in the health , the strength , and the life of his serf , while your owners could suppl y the place of the dead , or the sickly , from the workhouse or the surplus reserve . ( Loud cheers . ) It was a maxim of political economy that when one of labour ' s channels was closed , another was opened . The railway juggling was referred to , and when that was choked ,
another was to open as if b y mag ic . But he told them the land was the onl y channel . ( Loud cheers . ) And what lie wished to see was , that channel so widely opened , that all Nature ' s children might suck at Nature ' s pap . ( Cheers . ) He wished to see . the employer go to the free homestead of the labourer in his proper character , instead of , as , now going to the market cross , the house of call , the workhouse , or the gin-palace . That would be the proper labour mart , and the one by which the labourer could measure the value of his
industry . ( Cheers . ) They may rest assured that the mill-lord , and the fund-lord—if in power—would be greater tyrants than the landlords —( loud cheers)—but so great was the power of those two lords , that the government was afraid to touch it . ( Cheers . ) The fund-lord , whose father paid £ 60 into the funds , was now receiving £ 100 for that £ G 0 , and upon which they were obliged to pay the interest ( Hear , hear , and "Shame . " ) If it was a shame , the shame was upon them , for as self-interest was the basis of human action ,
they—if in the same position—would be guilty of lie same shame , and the shame was wholl y based upon their disunion .- ( Cheers . ) Then tha mill-lords , who repudiated taxation , never said a word about the poor-rates , because it enabled them to keep up an idle surplus reserve , by which they were enabled to keep down wages . ( Cheers . ) This machinery , of which they had the entire control , and which came upon them with a hop , step , and a jump , enabled them to control the labour market . And only see the use and the profit that they could make of it . The Dicksons of Carlisle
were said to employ from six thousand to seven thousand hands ; the Fieldens of Todmorden , somewhere about 5 , 000 , and others 4 , 000 , 3 , 000 , 2 , 000 , and so downwards ; but he would tike the position of one employing 2 , 000 , and if that man reduced the wages of his hands by 2 s . a week , and many did so to a much larger extent—he would make £ 200 a week , or £ 10 , 400 annual profit'upon this reduction alone . ( Hear . ) Then if there were anv shopkeepers amongst them , let them bear in mind , that they would be greater gainers if that £ 10 , 400 came into their tills , than , as now , , when it was used in railway and other speculations . ( Cheers . ) It was this system that was rousing the
money lord against the landlord , in the hope of being able to wrench political power from their hands ; while his object was to wrench it from- the grasp of both , and make mind , and not money the basis of representation . ( Cheers . ) ) Yhat could be more ridiculous than to see a doating old man and a dissipated young spark sitting cheek by jowl in the Bouse of Commons , professing to represent labour , while they both lived in idleness and luxury upon the labourer ; while the labourer lingered on in penury and wretchedness . ( Shame ! Shame !) Aye , bat the shame was with themselves . The system upon which the atrocity was based was founded upon their disunion , as the man who
received 80 s . a week scoffed at him who recen'cd 10 s . ; nhilc both derided the unwilling pauper who was committed to the workhouse , while , if united , each mig ht receive £ 3 a week . ( Loud cheers . ) He had often told them that if all the diikes , lords , baronets , feudal-lords , and money-lords were congregated together , the top of a small hill would be sufficient to hold them ; while those upon whose serfdom they lived , would crowd the valley below . ( Cheers . ) It had been stated by some of the press that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) was the self-elected leader of Chartism , but he would exhibit to them a parchment document , which was his commission , signed in 1835 , bv Dr . AVade and eight others , who then
constitituted the committee of the Radical Association of that day ; and by that commission he was appointed their , leader , and had established associations upon the same princip les throughout the land . ( Cheers . ) As to be forewarned was to be forearmed , they should understand that the show-box would shortly open , and that never was there witnessed such strife and antagonism between parties as would be exhibited in the coming session . Lord John Russell , aware of the power of the Protectionists , would propose some new measure of reform to tickle the people ' s mind ; he would do so to raise a " CRY " for the next genera ! election , in the hope of beating down the Protectionists . It may be carried in the
Commons , but it would be thrown out in the Lords , and then they would see such a breeze as this country never witnessed . ( Loud cheers . ) Ay , but they must take care and be upon the walchtower , lest that breeze may lull their voice and their power . ( Hear , hear . ) They were juggled by Emancipation—by Reform—and Free Trade : and he told them now , that they would be juggled by any system that was not b ^ sed upon the miiid and free will of the people . { Cheers . ) "We were ludicrously told that England was over-populated , with a population of 300 to a square mile , while in Jersey and Guernsey , with a population of nearly 1 , 200 to a square mile—or four times as large—men could give
£ 6 an acre rent for Land—purchase it for £ 250 an acre—and export the produce to this and other countries . ( Cheers . ) Yes , and if the land of England was brought into the retail market , England would be an exporting instead of an importing country , and there would not be a pauper in the land . ( Loud Cheers . ) The q uestion of ihe Land and the Charter had been his night dream and his day thought , lie had been associated with the people , and had advocated their cause for twenty-eight years , and he felt convinced that if he abandoned one particle of their princi ples to-day , one nig ht ' s reflection would bow him down with sorrow to-morrow .
( Loud cheers . ) He went to Aylesbury on Wednesday last expecting to meet Baron Munchausen , — ( laughter)—he did not- come , but he met Mr . Cob den there , and can they imagine his { Mr . O'Connor ' s ] delight , when , at that meeting , when Mr . Cobden was present , they adopted a resolution unanimously declaring that fair and . just representation could onlv be based upon the will of the whole people . ( Loud and continued cheering . ) Sow , what would the working classes think of him ( Mr . O'Connor ) , if vanity or ambition upon his part could induce him to oppose any , movement calculated to ameliorate the condition of the people . ( Cheers . ) The magnates and money-lords would do without thern
if they could , a fact which is proved by the absence of the gentlemen who swarmed upon this platform on Monday last , but where were they now when the people met for ' xhe same object ? Not to be found . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . Cobden had stated at Leeds , that if there was any attempt to restore protection there would be a revolution in this country . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had told them the same-thing some months ago , hut he hoped and trusted that , however great and powerful the control of tho mill-lords was , that the oft-deluded people would not again allow themselves to be provoked or driven to a revolution , which would end in their prostration and the protraction , if not the destruction , of
their principles . ( Loud cheers . ) In 1834 ho ( Mr . O'Connor ) had opposed Free Trade in the House of Commons , unless it was accompanied with leases for ever at a corn rent . ( Cheers . ) And 'then , when the occupant knew that he could not be ousted from his holding , and that his rent should be measured according to the price of his produce , you would hear no more of slavery , discontent , and revolution . ( Cheers . ) Let him now foreshadow the present representative system ; Middlesex had a population of o ne million and a half , and returned
two members to Parliament ; while other snug p laces with less than a million two hundred thousand of a population , returned 246 members . ( Oh , and laughter . ) Ay , shame , shame , but the shame was with themselves for not knowing it , or if knowing it ; for not correcting it . ( Hear , . near . ) Ho never had , tor never would , join in a «« cry for a reduction of taxation , because he was well aware that if twenty millions was taken off taxes _ to-day ,, they , if unrepresented , would not be a farthing better for it to-morrow . As regarded Ireland hfr would point to tae altered mind of thaj vountry a »
^^Tit Chartist- Meeting In Gb^ Ifle City...
conclusive proof of the fact , that evMfcbe Irish ' were coming to their senses at last . JHgfr hear 1 They had recentl yestablished " a " Democratic Association , for the purpose of cooperating with the E " , ? h h Chartist 8 , - ( cheers ) - * nd . togive : them a still , further . proof that , the adoption of Chartist principles was not confined to the working classes alone they would find that a candidate now seeking to supply the place of Mr . DUlon Browne as representative of the county of . Mayo , had avowed himself m favour of Universal Suffrage . ( Loud cheers . ) He was against all descriptions or . poor laws—he was for labour and for labour ' s rights . They were all made bv God trmv wei *
all a devilish deal better looking fellows than these Dukes . ( Cheers . ) If the land , were not tilled according to political expediency instead of state necessity , the people would be able to export corn . He proposcd . to alter , that , and to enact that every man who occupied , land should have a lease for ever at a corn rent , and that the landlord should not be able to oust him . ( Cheers . ) Whenever machinery with ahop , step , and a jump , came amongst them and made paupers , he would provide that all such paupers should bo enabled to live out of the workhouse by their own labour . After some further remarks , the lion , gentleman concluded bv reciting some lines , which were , as he stated , oVhis own composition : —
. ; Unite ! unite : ye Chartists brave , . Let the Land your watchword bo : Scout , oh scout the servile slave That crouches when he may be free . Up , ye heroes , at the despots ; Lick no more the tyrant ' s hand ; Leave your pauper workhouse mess-pots ; Live like freemen on your land . Then free trade will be a blessing , When man can work , and cat and play ; When shepherds cease to live by fleecing ; Then each flock its own will pay . ( Rapturous cheering . ) Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds —who was received with much cheering—moved the first resolution , which ran as follows : —
¦; " Ihat in the opinion of this meeting the alarming and downward tendency of tho labouring and general industrious interests of the United' Kingdom and the Colonies is the result of the present unjust and unequal system of government , " promoting , as it does , the corrupt interests of a small faction at the expense of the people at large ; and that this meeting expresses its deliberate conviction that the only safe and effectual remedy for the Colonies is independent responsible government , and for the United Kingdom such a change of our representative system as will place the House of Commons under tne direct control of the nation , and by 5 the admittal of tho entire male adult population within the pale of the electoral franchise , and which would be accomplished , most satisfactorily to this meeting , by , the enactment of the People ' s Charter as the basis of a future constitution . "
Mr . Reynolds said , that he gave his hearty adhesion to every word contained in that resolution ; and he experienced a warm and fervid glow of enthusiasm when he contemplated that immense meeting which he had then the honour to address . Such a meeting should at the very commencement of the new movement , be taken as a harbinger of future zeal , and an augury of eventual triumph . ( Cheers . ) The resolution recommended reform ; and Heaven knows there was room for reform in this country ! When they read the newspaper reports of famine , destitution , and misery in every quarter of . the realmwhen they heard of poor women becoming mothers an the stone steps of those workhouses to which they vainly prayed admission—when they read the tremendous exposures which the Morninq Chronicle ,
a Conservative print , had even deemed itnecessnry to publish , relative to the condition of the working classes—and when they beheld the pale , gaunt traces of famine upon tho countenances of so manj myriads in the public thoroughfares—it surely was time that the people " should take their affairs into thcir . own hands . ( Loud cheers . ) The aristocracy of this country had hitherto usurped the government ; and such was the wretched plight to which misrule , ignorance , tyranny , and selfishness had brought the industrial classes , ( near . ) _ The present time was one of the most momentous ; . periods iu the history of the world . It was written in Heaven that the nations of Continental Europe would rise again to . overthrow tyranny , aristocracy , and all the barbarous relics of feudalism , wherever thoy existed . Then back to his native land would « o
the glorious Kossuth—( loud cheers)—to establish Hungarian freedom ; and back to his much-loved Italy would go the brave Mazzini —( renewed cheering)—to achieve the triumph of liberty . Then also would the gallant French people hurl down the monkey Louis Bonaparte—( laughter )—frora his perch ; and the veritable democratic republic would be reared in the place of his wretched domination . ( Cheers . ) Such would be the speedy changes wrought in Europe ; and then , when thrones would be crumbling , and crowns falling in all directions , what would be the attitude England was likely to assume ? This was the momentous question which deserved consideration . ( Hear , hear . ) The alternatives , then , would be these : that either the people must obtain those liberal institutions which would
enable them to testily in an efficient manner thensympathies with the democracy of continental Europe—or else the aristocratic government ol England would make war upon that democracy . Yes—the aristocracy of England knew that it was perishing visibly—felt that it was dying rapidly ; and it would not give up the ghost without a desperate struggle against the spirit that was annihilating it . Its last resource would be to make head against the progress of democracy on the continent ; but would the people of Englaud allow their country to be made the last stronghold of the privileged orders ? ( " No , ho . " ) Certainly not : and yet the aristocracy of England were insane , wicked , and desperate enough to make the attempt . Hut if the
English government dared to demonstrate a hostile union against the democracy of continental Europe , the republics of America and France—when the latter should have become a real republic—would unite to prostrate the mad attempt of Britain . Then , at the very first blow which was struck , the United States would seize upon Canada and the West Indies ; while France would , take the Ionian and Balearic Islands , Malta , Jersey , and Guernseyand last , though not least—would invade Ireland . Ah ! and oppressed as Ireland was by English misrule , would the French find enemies in that " country , were they to invade it ? ( Hear . ) He thought not . Then , should such a warfare arise as that of which he was speaking , the United States would obtain the
maritime superiority ; and what would become of our Indian empire and of Australia ? The only ally England could hope to gain , under the . circumstances supposed , would be Russia : and would the British people like to have anything to do with the miscreant of the north ? ( "No , no . ") Such were the eventualities that must take place if the aristocracy of this country were allowed to have their own way , and continue in their own selfish , insane , and wicked career . The only way to prevent the catastrophe just shadowed forth , was to precipitate the downfall of exclusive interests aud class legislation by the adoption of the People ' s Charter as the law of the land . ( Loud cheers . ) Then the government of this country would not dare to interfere
with the progress of continental democracy , unless it were to assist it ; and then also the colonies would receive those institutions which would cement their connexion with England , and secure them from the probability of severance . ( Hear , hoar . ) The results of the Charter would be to render England's foreign policy enlightened and wise , as well as to make the people themselves happy and prosperous . All treaties based upon the old and exploded interests of kings , must be annihilated : nor must England ever consider herself still a party to those treaties which originally bound her to maintain two dissolute women upon their thrones . He alluded to the Queen of Portugal and the Queen of Spain . ( Hear , hear . ) But to turn from continental
and colonial questions to home anairs , he ( Mr . Reynolds ) would observe , that there was no country in tho whole world which so much needed radical reform as En g land . The abuses to be swept away were in number "Legion . " ( Hear . ) Were they satisfied , for instance , in paying £ 50 , 000 a year to Kin" -Leopold , the sovereign of an independent country ? ( "So , no . " ) Were they satisfied at paying £ 27 , 000 a year , to . the King of Hanover , a man whose character was odious throughout the world , and who had been accused ot murder and of incest ? ( Sensation . ) He ( Mr . Reynolds ) would . not take upon himself to say that the King of Hanover had committed those crimes : bu t every jpne knew that the accusations had been made : and this fact
aggravated the scandal of subsidising such an individual from the British Treasury . ( Hear , hear . ) Then , again , were the people of England contented with paying nearly £ 30 , 000 a year to three Dukes , whose only claims were that that they boasted a descent from three infamous prostitute ' s who were the mistresses of Charles the Second ? ( Hear . ) Why , there was not a working man present . who would not scorn such a Shameful and paltry , origuv ? ( Cheers . ) And yet tho Dukes of RicljnwmUj Grafton , and St . Albans , were not ashamed to receive the hereditary reward of their ancestresses infamy . Then , again , was it not rather too bad that Prince Albert should wring , £ 47 , 000 a year
from the fibres , sinews , and vitals ot tho worKing classes ? And was it not too extravagant to give the Queen £ 385 , 000 a year , for the trouble of reigning over us ? Now , let them mark one fact . Tho annual account tor butter , bacon , and cheese , consumed in Buckingham Palace was £ 10 , 000 a year ; and tho whole cost of the American Executive was no more ! ( " Shame , shame . " ) Ah ! it was indeed a shame . And now , when such contrasts existed , could the Government be astonished if Chartism , Communism , and Socialism , existed ? Could the Legislature and the aristocracy be astonished if there was in England so many advocates of Republicanism ? ( Tremendous cheering , and eries of " Hurrah for Republicanism ! " ) Or again , could landowners and canitaiiass be astonished if
— . ^ "^—— M Ww Iii Mat>Taramg ' Maxim^ ...
— . ^ " ^—— m WW III Mat > taramg ' maxim ^ "Property is robbery , „ should have struck . so . thrillingfy upon the universal mmd of Christendom . ( Cheers . ) For ? s property was : now held in England , to the sole benefit of the rich and the ' = utter detriment of the poor , it assuredl y assumed'tho aspect ' of robbery . Every morsel of broad which the rich -idler ate , while-the pauperised worker starved , was a robberyr every fine garment which luxurious indolence put on ; while famished industry went in ragS i . was likewise robbery , ¦; . ( Loud cheers . ) Thus was it that propert y was robbery : and also because a favoured few had monopolised all the land to their own uee , and had so tieS it up in their own families , that the millions were merely serfs or else intruders upon it . Butthe land must be rescued from the grasp of that selfish nlirr . mv . hv tint . » w -ss ^ -, —
ho ( Mr . Reynolds ) would , for a moment , advocate yioleneo or spoliation ; No ; but he would attack theiudeous monopol y by means of laws abolishing allnofs and feudal tenures , primogeniture , mortmain , and entail . Then the land would come back to the people ; and all men would , in time , be enabled to get a properfy . footing upon it . ( Cheers ;) But this aim could only be reached by means of the People s Charter . The door of the House of Commons must bo widened so as to admit the true representatives of popular rights and national interests . ( Cheers . ) Ay , and working men themselves must be returned to that House , in order to give free expression to the wants and requirements ot their own class .- ( Hear , hear . ) Therefore was
it that the struggle must commence in good earnest for . the People ' s Charter , —a legal , peaceful , and moral : striiggle , but fraughtwith earnestness , resolution ,- ajnd . vigour . Tho working classes must not only assis jy j he middle class reformers , presided over by Sir Jejnua Walmsley , but must also maintain their own grand and glorious movement for the People ' s Charter , which could alone give complete satisfaction , and lead to the happiness , prosperity , and contentment of tho millions of this mighty empire . ( Loud and prolonged cheering . ) Mr . M'Giuth came forward to second the resolution amid loud cheers . He said he was delighted beyond expression to see that glorious congregation assembled to assist in tho inauguration of another movement for tho establishment of British liberty . The Democrats of England are looking with intense
anxiety to the result of this glorious demonstration , and it was pleasing to its conveners to find that their brethren in the provinces would not be disappointed . ( Cheers . ) The democrats of England had a great and noblo work to perform , and < it was cheerin g to observe the alacrity and enthusiasm with which it was commenced by the men of London . They came before them that night to solicit their co-operation in dispelling those prejudices fostered against our sacred cause , and to create such an enlightened public opinion in its favour as must , despite , all-opposition , ensure its speedy triumph . Judging from the spirit manifested that evening , he thought ; 'he , might with certainty calculate upontho he ^ jfonaid and co-operation of every man and woman l § fore him . ( Cheers . ) The resolution which he had ' -the honour to second affirmed the
melancholy fact , that the tendency upon the social scale of the great industrial community was . downward , lie thought that that assertion would be borne testimony to by every man in the meeting . ( Hear , hear . ) Daily were the wages of labour diminishing , and thereby were tho menus , of human happiness contracting . To what cause , was this decline ascribable ? lie considered the resolution literally correct , in charging it to the unequal , unjust , and iniquitous operation of bad laws . ( Hear . ) This proposition has been so often and so ably demonstrated aforetime , that he would not occupy their attention with it at present , For this state of things , the resolution provided the means of applying an e ffectiial remedy , through the agency or a
parliament springing spontaneously from the heart and soulof the whole people . ( Cheers . ) The resolution also alluded to = the misgovernment of the colonics . Mr . M'Grath then referred to several instances of colonial liial-adniinistration in justification of the discontent which prevails in those distantportions of the British Empire , and continued , the . time for energy and action had . arrived , let them riot allow it to g lide by without-making wise use of it . ( Hear , hear . ) All parties " -we ' re now upon the alert , the people must riot'be" supine . . The Protectionists were most vociferous iii ;> their demands , and persevering in their endeavours to restore the good old times of high rents and dear bread . They were rising through the land tho captivating , but
delusive , cry of ' . ' protection to native industry . ' He cautioned the , people to . beware of the devices of the . cunning - ; gentlemen . ( Hear . ) . What sort of protection would Disraeli ,. Lord Stanhope , or the Duke of Buckingham , give to the labour of the working community ?' . Just that sort of protection whicli they-have always given to it—the protection which the wolf gives to the lamb . ( Cheers . ) There , must be' no retrogression , there must he no restoral of the corn laws . Tho duty of the people is to ' go . right onward and complete these great changes , which present circumstances so imperatively demand . For his own part he was proud to witness the operation of Corn Law Repeal . It was bringing the haujjhty oligarchy from the
pinnacle of their pride in humble supplicatioiuo the people . ( Cheers . ) Yes , the power of their hereditary and feudal oppressors was doomed ; let no unwise act of an injured people prolong its existence . ( Cheers . ) The corn law -was- the l ; ey-stono of the arch whicli supported the bluod-cemGiitod edifice of the aristocracy ; that has been struck out , and stone after stone will continue to fall away until a heap of ruinsshall be the only relic of its once baleful existence . : ( Loud ! cheers . ) These infamous enactments were the ' reins by whicli the oppressor rode and managed the ' nation ; the reins were cut , and though the rider clings with convulsive tcnacitv to the back of tlie kico ' rotod and ill-used steed , it is becoming so restive and stubborn that he will soon be compelled to bite the dust . ( Cheers . ) He considered the signs of the times most auspicious for the success of tho people ' s cause . A largo section of the middle classes recognised tho justice of
our claims , and were agitating in favour of a portion of . our principles . This he regarded as a cheering SVUgury ' of that triumph which could not be far away in the future . Somo punctilious friends thought that no countenance should be given to those reformers , seeing that they did not go tho full length of the Charter . Ho thought otherwise . He felt that in refusing the aid of these men as far as they wont , th . itwe . sliould bo aetinff as foolishly as the Dukb of Welliriston , had he refused tho aid of Blucher ' at Waterloo , upon the ground that his army were Prussians . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . M'Grath after somo further remarks upon the policy of the people at tho present juncture , concluded with an earnest appeal in . favour , of union , energy , and action , as the elements of success , and gave it as his opinion that , Whls advice was taken , tho day was not far distant when liberty ' s day star would bo hailed by . thejubilant acclaims of an emancipated and happy people . ' ( Loud cheers . )
Mr . ' Verson ' , who / . was received with repeated cheers on presentingMmsclf after his long imprisonment , ' said . that having been bound in good security to he of good behaviour for three years , and haying caught a . cold . since he came into a comfortable home after suncriiig so long a confinement iu a cold and—he would ; iio ' t say a damp—but absolutely wet cell , - ho would : rio ; t ! on the present occasion detain tiiem long . Itftyas with great pleasure that he witnessed . the / zojil displayed by the meeting ' ; and heard the sentiments so boldly expressed by the chairman and ' " those who followed liiiii , in all of which he cordially concurred . Being almost in complete ignorance of what passed . in Europe for the last 18 months , not having been allowed to sec
a newspaper or to have the smallest piece of printed paper in his possession , or to ask a single question even relating to the weather or to the health of his fellow-prisoners —( shame)—the few remarks he should make must necessarily be of a general nature . They ; had been told that England was going down . ' lib believed it to be true , because he knew , before L . hc was put in prison , there were 1 , 500 , 000 paupers in England , 2 , 000 , 000 of agricultural labourers / living on 5 s . a week , and 4 , 000 , 000 of other descriptions of labourers living scarcely better ; He ; believed this was owing to bad legislation—to the-wrong mode , in fact , in which their business had-been conducted by those who were th eir servants , for the people was tho sovereign ,
and their representatives were merely their clerks . ( Cheers . ) ' .. They had feudal landlords , and millowners , and . bankers , and' money-dealers—those who , instead' of attending to tho business of the people . mdde use of their position to increase their OAvnprofifs . ( Hear . ) ' Such things could not continue if : t . tie people had their ' Charter and their rigbfsv ^ But he'lookcd to the Charter as a steppingstq ^ ie ^ toafar greater measure—tho organisation of lauourVand tho : better distribution of the land . ( Cheers . ) In fact politics were only of use as a means of making a people socially better , wiser , more moral and more Christian . ( Hear , hoar . ) Therefore ho thought another revolution wasv . ecessaryj and he hoped it would bo a' moral one . lie hoped the people would" be strong enough to g ain their rights by moral means . The government
throughout Europe were now the real physical force men , and without force and fraud they would not be able to stand a moment before the strcngtli of public opinion . ( Rear , hear . ) Ho came forward on the first occasion that presented itself to assure them that he was still the same person ho was when sent to prison , arid yet not tho samo , for in spite of all he increased pretty well , so that if their was any good in him before tliat good ought to be increased now . ( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) It was to him a matter of tho greatest satisfaction to see : such a meeting and to find opinion so zealously expressed , and if he prayed to Ged at all it was that the people of England might bo as united as that , meeting ' appeared to be . United in that way he hoped they would arrive at tho goal they had in view . ( Hear , hear . ) He could only say for himself that he would march on with them , and he would be ready at any moment to take his stand at any risk , ' ia order to ac-
Complish Their Ohjectsand Tosufier Any T...
complish their ohjectsand tosufier any thing in order to arrive in the shortest posaible . tirne , with tho least possible amount of ieyil , at the possession of tho People ' s Charter / ( Cheers ;) " , ;; ; . ""' : Julian " , Harney , who , " on coming to the . ' front of the platform was loudly ' cheered , said the question might be asked why the conveners of the meeting sought to revive the agitation for the . Charter ? He answered , 'because . notwithstanding the , reported conversion of the Whigs to reform ; they could place ho confidence in any scheriie propounded by that party . ( Hear , hear . ) The Whigs reform scheme was . yet in the shell , and it . was impossible to discuss the merits of a plan yet unhatched , but they mioh ' t bo sure that that plaa was not intended to
enfranchise the veritable people . He was aware there were other plans of reform , and other reform agitation ' s before the public . There was Mr . Cobden ' s Freehold Land Association , which he ( tho speaker ) repudiated as hostile to the rights and true interests of the working classes . That association was formed merely to increascthe number of those who at present monopolised the suffrage ; it was not intended to confer the suffrage on those wlw niost needed it . The mass of the people were too poor to purchase tho suffrage , and even if they were not , he objected to the unrepresented buying as a privilege that which was their right . ( Cheers . ) Mr . M'Grath had alluded to certain " punctilious radicals" who doubted the propriety of countenancing the
Parliamentary Reform Association . He ( the speaker ) must confess that he was one of those " punctilious" persons . Certainly Sir Joshua Walmsley ' s "little Charter" would extend the suffrage to a considerable number of tho people , but it too—like the Freehold Land Scheme—carried with it tho flaw of recognising the unjust princi p le of a money qualification . Under the ' " little Charter , " the possession of the suffrage would . depend upon the payment of rates , and of course those who were too poor to pay rates , would continue to bo unrepresented . Again , although tho Parliamentary 'Reformers' had nominally recognised- the principle of no property qualification tor members of Parliament , thoy had rendered that nugatoi-y -bv omitting its neccssarv
adjunct " payment of members , wanting which , it was a farce to tell the people they would bo free to choose their representatives from any class , for how could they elect working men unless those men were to be paid for their services ? And until the working classes were represented by men of their own order , it would bo vain to hope for justice from Parliament . ( Cheers . ) His principal objection to the reform proposed by Sir Joshua Walmsley and his friends was , that it would exclude from the representation those miserable masses who most needed the suffrage to protect them . Tho man . who possessed property , whether land , houses , cash ,. or any other kind of wealth , could very well protect himself without tho suffrage ; but the man who was
dependent for the support of himself and family on weekly wages , and dependent for those wages on the goodwill of an . employer , had no-protection if ho was denied a voice in the making of tho laws affecting his life , liberty , and labouiv ( Cheers . ) Furthermore , he objected to the Parliamentary Reform agitation , because it could not result in a settlement of the suffrage question . There would have to he another agitation for the enfranchisement of the masses , who would still be excluded from the franchise under Sir Joshua Walmsley ' s " little Charter . " Why not make one agitation do once for all ? ( Applause . ) For what were Frost , Williams , Jones , and Ellis transported ? For their devotion to the Charter . ( Cheers . ) For what were Williams
and Sharpo doncto death ? For , their fidelity to the Charter . ( Loud cheers . ) For what had Mr . Vernon and hundreds more suffered incarceration , with all its horrors ' ? For what was their gallant friend Ernest Jones at the present time suffering these horrors' ? . For the good cause of the Charter . ( Prolonged'cheering . ) lie confessed he could not face the victims who had sufi ' eied , and were still suffering in their cause , if he were to give his support to any measure of reform short of the Charter , lie thought the Charter a sufficiently moderate measure of reform . When it had become law , they would still have to dispose of many other political and social questions . Thoy had been warned not to be made the tools of tho Protectionists . Very
good . But he would warn them also against being made the tools of the Free Traders . He would advise them to have nothing to do with either party , but to trust piily in themselves . If they , must be anything instead of Chartists merely , let them be Chartists and something more . ( Applause . ) There was a good deal said and written , at present , respecting tho condition of the working classes , and the Morning Chronicle had done good service in instituting its inquiry into the state of Labour and tho Poor . But he asked what remedy tho Chronicle would propose ? Thus far it appeared , that emigration , or transportation , was the grand remedy suggested by that journal . He had no objection to emigration , provided the right persons were sent
away—the idlers and plunderers , ( Cheers ) But ho strongly objected to the transportation of the industrious classes . ( Cheers . ) The truth was , those who lived upon the toil of the wealth-producers , wore afraid that what thoy called the surphi 3 ' populatioii ,: hiiglit become sonumerousns to be unmanageable , and therefore dangerous . But he protested against the transportation of the people . ( Applause . ) So much for one remedy for social distress . They had heard something about unlocking the land , . and bringing tho land into the retail market . That was ono of Mr . Bright ' s remedies for , the restoration of Ireland . ' Mr . Bright would have land as free to trafnek in as was labour . He f the sneaker ) protested against any such so-called
reform . He assorted , that land ought not to bo made a-matter of sale and bargain . . Neither by conquest , nor by purchase , ) iad any man a right to appropriate one foot of land to the exclusion of his fellow men . The land belonged to all —( applause)—and should be held in trust by the government as national property for ' the good of all . ( Applause . ) Were . that the case , the rental of the land would amply suffice to pay all tlie expenses of the government , provide for the education of the people , and meet the : costs of many more good works at present neglected bj » the government , ( llencrred applause . ); It had that night been said , that revolutions always benefited the upper and middle
classes at the expense of the working classes . He admitted there , was much truth in that assertion ; but let no man imagine , that the revolutions commenced . jn 1 S 4 S-49 wore finished . Tho peoples of Europe , would , rise again , and complete tlie great work thoy commenced on the 24 th of February . ( Cheers . ) Thoy should remember too that tho people of Franco had gained something by their revolution , —Universal Suffrage—which , probably , without . a revolution , they would not have gained in scores of years . But , it might be said , that Universal Suffrage had been misused . Yes , but only because the peasantry of Franco had been misled by priests , aristocrats , capitalists , and political adventurers , who trafficked in human folly . But ,
let them not despair of Franco . What , though the traitors and tyrants had slain the champions of democracy , exiled Louis Blanc and Ledru Rollin , —( Cheers " for those patriots)—and imprisoned and proscribed three-fourths of the teachers and leaders of the people , nevertheless , the princi p les of Social Democracy were advancing with giant strides . ( Loud cheers . ) Unless Universal Suffrage was put down by the factions in power , the next general election would result in the overthrow of Louis Napoleon , Thiers , and such rascals , and the triump hant establishment .. of . the , Rod Republic . ( Immense cheering . ) Even if Louis Kapoleon succeeded by fraud and force , in making himself Emperor , and enthroning himself in the palaco of the -Bourbons ,. his ' successful treason would soon meet its . reward . He would but ensure his speedier , fall by forcible , instead of peaceful means . lie repeated , there was no need to despair
of France , and when France moved , sue moved the world . The peoples of Europe would rise again , and then they would treat their pitiless and remorseless enemies as they deserved , and show them th : ' t mercy their oppressors had dealt to the people . ( Great cheering . ) After touching on the state of tho colonics , tho speaker said , that if for no oilier reason , the Charter was necessary to maintain the honour of the country , in its relations ' with other nations , lie was one of those who had advocated war in behalf of Hungary —( faint hisses , and loud cheers)—hut they had merely sympathised , and the consequence w » . s that Kossuth was . , a prisoner in Turkey , and Hungary lay bleeding under the swoi'ds of 'Russia and Austria . It was said that England could not interfere because slio was bound by treaties . The people repudiated the treaties of tyrants , Why should they respect , the treaty of Vienna , subscribed by that enemy of the people
. .. 'The never ( enough ) lamented Castlerca ^ h , . Whose penknife slit a goose ciulll t ' other day V In the great future—the British people would bo bound by no such treaties , they would bo friends with all the peoples , and enemies to all tho tyrants of tho world . ( Applause . ) . It had been said . that the English government might go to war against the democracies of Europe . There was . no . fear of that . The English people would hot fight against their brethren ; nor would they fight to . maintain the institutions by which the privileged . classes alone benefited . For himself , ; he should-bo ' g lad to know there was a possibility of the Cossacks . bivouacking in Trafalgar-square . That would bring
the privileged classes to their senses . " fho CossacKs would not take up their quarters in Spitalfiejds '; nO , thoy would rather patronise the goldsmiths shops on Ludgate Hill , and the mansions at the Wart End . It would be tho rich who would suffer , and that would bring them to a sense of Justice . ( Cheers . ) They would go down on their knees to the working classes for their assistance , and give tlio Charter and much more ; ( Renewed cheering . ) Let justice be done , and tho people' of all ranks would do their duty in defence of . the country ; but r without Justice , ' the people would resemble the donkey in the fable , who , when threatened with the enemy , asked whv he should care for them ? ' Like
Complish Their Ohjectsand Tosufier Any T...
Samson , buryingthemselvesin the ruins , they might be disposed toaid rather-tban . repel the' foreigner in his efforts to pulU down the ¦ present system . ( Prolongedapplause . ) : ; « ' •' Mr . Ktdd , who . was warmly applauded , said ha repeated his statement which he previously riiadg on that platform , that the demand of Universal Suffrage was : based on tho- ^ moral principles of the People ' s Charter . ( Cheers . ) Those who refused a reform because it was change had lo take change when it ceased to . be reform . Hear . ) He agreed in the statement of * e resolution , that the tendency of this country was downwards . However , Mr . Macauly might doubt the truth of the assertion ; ho agreed with CarlvWthat
the two-handed workmen had never been in a worse position . 1 he standard for the army had been reduced nine or ten times since 1815 . ; Why but that tho blood and sinews of the people had been worked into the fortunes of the upper classes . ( Applause . ) There had , indeed , been great accumulations of property , but the producing classes had not benefited by them . ( Hear , hear . ) With regard to the colonics , Adam Smith had declared that the secret of colonial prosperity was the command of plenty of good land , and the management of their own affairs . ( Hear , hoar . ) lie rejoiced that they confined themselves at present to the advocacy of the People ' s
Charter . But there was no sliding scale in his democracy . ( Cheers . ) Ho was not for freedom at twelve at noon , and for putting it down at seven in the eveninr / . No , the people must meet , and argue out the question of labour . ( Hear , hear . ) The rights of labour must be recognised and settled . Adam Smith had not settled that question ; tho Morning Chronicle had not settled it ; nor could it bo settled until Universal Suffrage had been established , and the people had a voice in making the b ws by whicli they were governed . ( Cheers . ) The resolution was then put and carried unanimously .
Mr .. O Connor having made several announcements of forthcoming meetings , announced , that , having eight miles to go home , he must leave the chair , and would thank them to substitute some one else as Chairman . On the motion of Mr . Reynolds , three eliGors wore given to the honourable member for Nottingham . Tho honourable gentleman then left the hall , and Mr . M'Gbatii was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Thomas Clakk moved the second resolution , which was expressed in the following terms : — " That in order to make effective the demand for tho enactment of the People ' s Charter , it is necessary that the friends of that measure should forthwith form themselves into an association for that
purpose ; and that this meeting hereby calls ,-especially upon the working classes , to adopt tho couriG here directed , as the one most essential to their moral , social , and political elevation . " lie said , he had been intrusted by the Provisional Committee , to submit the resolution for their approval ; and ho did so , in the full confidence that they would give it their support . The previous speakers had all most eloquently enforced the necessity for the Charter , and his duty was to point out the means by which that great measure of reform was to be accomplished . ( Henri ) The manner of its achievement was in importance , second only to the reform itself . ( Hear , hear . ) It grieved him to be compelled , whilst upon this point , to eivo
utterance to the feelings of dissatisfaction which were , created in his mind , by the remarks which fell from Mr . Harney , respecting the objects and intentions of the " National Parliamentary Reform Association . " ( Hear . ) Nothing tended so much to strengthen the power of the ruling faction as the wars which the several democratic parties direct against each other ; and , as a man seeking to become practical , he pronounced , that nothing would , nothing could be obtained for the great body of the people , until there was not only a- cessation of these unwise and unseemly hostilities , ' hut also , until they agreed to " be , at least tolerant and respectful towards each other , and agreee to give to each other credit for sincerity of purpose .
( Cheers . ) Why should doubts be expressed of the integrity of the Reform Association ? ( Hear . ) Let them ; as men of sense and reason , ask themselves , " what- it was that association proposed to accomplish ? " Its grand object was to extend the elective franchise to more than four millions of additional persons ; and ho fearlessly asserted , that if that end were obtained , that the effectuation of the People ' s Charter would he a matter of easy accomplishment . ( No , no , and cheers . ) Some of them said no ; but had they ever reflected upon the fact , that the addition to tho elective body , contemplated by the plan of the Reform Association , must all be made from the ranks of the working classes ?¦ ' ( Hear . ) At that moment , tho wholo of the middle and upper
classes were enfranchised , and conjointly , they made an elective force , of less than one million " ; and if four millions of additional votes be created , there will ho four votes for the working classes , against one vote on the part of the other classes ; and if in such a state of things , they would remain long without the entire Charter , the fault would evidently be with the working classes' themselves , —( cheers)—then , he said , as a matter of sound policy , it was their duty to encourage every party that might seek " to oppose the present system of government by placing power in the hands of the people . ( Hear . ) Any other policy , he felt assured , would be destructive to their best interests , and , therefore , he would encourage
every attempt to destroy" the present monstrous system of class legislation . This appeared to him to be the only " safe and practicable mode of securing the enactment of the People ' s Charter ! ( Cheers . ) There was one other opinion which fel from Mr . Harney , from which he begged not only to dissent , but which ho reprobated with . all tlie energy of which he was capable . He alluded to the hope expressed by Mr . Harney , that , should the continental democrats again obtain the ascendant , they , would deal with their tyrants and oppressors in the same cruel and severe manner that those oppressors had dealt with the democrats who had , in many instances , fallen into their hands . What , a democracy—a people—a whole nation—erecting a
political scaffold , for the immolation of their defeated cneniics ? That never could he ; and he was sure that the meeting would not assent to the promulgation of such an opinion as having been sanctioned and ratified by them . ( Cheers . ) There was one country which , in its history , had afforded them an illustration of both views of the question —France , in her first Revolution , shod rivers of blood , which did not cement the union of her children ; but , on the contrary , dimmed the splendour and grandeur which , otherwise , attached to the revolution . On the occasion of the last revolution , tho French people in their magnanimity , declared for the abolition of death punishments ; and never , iti the history of the world , did a people show
themselves so sublimely grand , or morally great , as did their Gallic neighbours on that occasion ; and never , he hoped , should they , in England , ' be cursed with a bloody democracy , as he looked upon it as tho worst system of cruel despotism . ( Cheer * . } He made those remarks without any personal disrespect to Mr . Harney , and from a sincere desire te place the cause' of the Charter upon a basis free from blood and terror . ( Cheers . ) [ It is correct that Mr . Clark ' s speech was cheered by a portion of the meeting ; but it should also be stated that he was met with repeated and energetic expressions of disapprobation , so much so that the continuance of his address was more than oncec interrupted by the dissentient voices of those who evidently formed a majority of the meeting . ]
Mr . Stallwood seconded the resolution .. Mr . Ktdd having spoken ¦ in explanation of matters commented on by Mr . Clark , ' but not reported in the above speech , Julian Harney explained that , although Mr . Clark had charged him with having aspersed the middle classes , he denied that he had done so . He had merely assorted , that tho scheme of reform , put forth by the parliamentary reformers , would exclude from " the franchise those who most needed it , and would render necessary another agitation for the adoption of the Charter . With regard to the conduct of the people in future revolutions , he , ( the speaker , ) abided by tho sentiment ho had expressed j and he would beg to remind Mr . Clark , that the humanity-mongers who . had abolished death-punishments for political offences in Franco , had only
four months afterwards poured grape-shot on ^ the working men of Paris , and murdered tho founders ot the Republic by wholesale . They had , moreover , seen the Roman Republic assassinated , and its defenders slaughtered . They had seen , too , the brave Proletarians of Lyons bayonettodand shot doivn ,. for expressing their sympathy for Rome . The blue blood kings and aristocrats , was very precious in the eyes of somo of their friends ; for his part , he had more regard for the blood of the people . [ These sentiments were hissed by thoso . who had applauded Mr . Clark , but an undoubted . - Majority of the , meeting cheered loudly . ] , . - : " : ., , . Mr . J . B . O'Brien then spoke at considerable length , and delivere d an excellent and telling speech , which excited much applause . Not having any goofl report of Mr . O'Brien ' s speech , wo decline giving a mere abridgment ., ' ,: ; ¦ - ¦¦'• ¦ ( Concluded in the Eighth Page . ) r .
' Public Opinion On Russw.-^At The Last ...
' Public Opinion on Russw .- ^ At the last weekly ; concert in tho Town 'Hall , Birmingham , the performance , was announced ; to conclude , with the Russian National Anthem / This . ; the audience ^ which was very numerous and respectable , totally refused to hoar ; and though the organist taxed ihe powers of his noblo instrument to the utmost ,-tto witpopuli fairly overpowered it , and would not hear itatany rate ; - > .- ; ., rv : •' o ; . v ,. - ^' _ ¦" . . . ' . vw . J ' A Pbison to LBX . ~ BuckiBgham-gaol hn 8 " b : « without-a prisbnerfor' ^ sorae-weeks ; . 'This-is ; the more gratify ingw herf it 'is . remembered that , Iron therailway works'ih th' ^ : neig hbourhood , thawjs » considerable iHorease in ' , tho ~ pbpulati , or | , and raa ' «• navies" are hot generally ^ the' quietest of »«>• Tho authorities have apH ^ wW -le ^ ^; " " , . ¦¦ ' ¦ ''Win . ¦ : ' . - ¦'¦ !¦ . '¦ ¦< / : . Y « ii / . - ' - ' i
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 19, 1850, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_19011850/page/5/
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