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^wb iibe r 31. 1846., ^ THE NORTHERN STA...
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FRANCE. The price of bread at Paris was,...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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^Wb Iibe R 31. 1846., ^ The Northern Sta...
^ wb iibe r 31 . 1846 ., ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . # 7
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" " .N«I«Iu War,At Lebsti«Weras, T J^Hou...
" " . n « I « iU war , at leBsti « weras , t j ^ houldm j chance to happen—deeds , ) ^^ howarwia Th . nghtl-• VI hear a li » fe bird , -who sings I * j ~ JL je byand by wiUbethe stronger . "—Btxos
j ^ IERICAN AGRARIAN REFORMERS . . t stated that an occasional libellous parai ! n'the London daily journals , was all the S - which the press of this country , with the ex-B ' ^ of the Northern Star , had taken of the Anti" ^ H Movement ; but a movement of a still more *^! rfaot character has " not met even with that 5 "E § 0 far as weknow , up to this time not a » 5 ' ? " r oIish newspaper save the AortZie-n Star has s oticed the existence of the American A » raey en . Vationai Reformers . Thus , so far as our i ^* , i pu blicinstructors" are concerned , the people g 1 ** - -Jnntry have been left in total ignorance of a nWt destined , in all probability , to give birth m' ^ Ks the most important , affecting the welfare t 0 h appiness of the human race . a ^ " j ^ ffspapers expend many thousands of pounds nail * in paying for foreign correspondence , and i" ^ expresses , often the bearers of no more im" jTntinteriisence than some diplomatic juggle , or
nrt intri s " - Entire columns luraislied by " spc-^^ poriers , " are devoted to the prosy rubbish of SfVee trat ' e" and " protectionist "harangues ; often v be seen whole columns occupied with accounts % ie inanities of royal , aristocratical , and fnshion-Melile ; even the doings of murderers , rufiiians , d prize % hteR > , are reported at length ; but a Soret as important as was the question at issue bewiu the Flebians and Patricians in the da > s of the fBACim " , is silently passed over— Imrkcd . The Orsp 0 b question , and the Spanish Marriages question , hsre claimed the pens of the editors of our daily and s journal * for many months ; while the If afionsi Reform Movement in America has been utterly Deslcctiu ' and but for this paper would be altogether
unk nown on this side of the Atlantic . Tie editors of the daily journals , their correspondents , and compilers of foreign news , are well aware of ihe existence ana progress of the new parly in the States , but hating the new party , because that party aims at the destruction of class inequalities , our prjcioua " public instructors " have recourse to " the conspiracy of silence , " to prevent the very existence of the new party being known . The assassin journalists of this country ksow-very weil that if . their colnmns faithfully reported the proceedings of the American Agrarians , the principles of that party would fly like wild-fire through this country , to the
great danger of " our time-honoured institutions ;" therefore , our American friends are for the present larttd . We say for the present , for in the event either of tbe American Reformers becoming so numerous as to legislate for their country , or , that social convulsions arise in consequence of the rich -violently opposing the reforms demanded by the . Agrarians ., in either case the English press will then make up for past silence , by brutal and Mug abuse of the men they can no longer burle . This always has been the case , this always will be the case , while aristocracies exist to pay for the vile rascality of literary hirelings .
Itis only fair to observe that our English journalists are not one whit worse than their Anierieaa comrognes . The great mass of American editcrs Lave never mentioned the English Chartists , bat to scoff at and abase them . Even their own countrymen , the American Reformers , are no better treated . Pascals in the United States impudently calling themselves Republicans , dare to write such staff as this : — Xot a svllable have we written which justifies the
inference that we are in favour of social equilitv , and opposed "to classes of masters and servants . " So far from our advocating or entertaining such ridiculous notions , we have ever ridiculed them as irreligious , dangerous and disorganizing . TheAlmighry Mmsell instituted a state of society in which such " classes" were it cogsited , and the Redeemer of mankind inculcated npon all a respect for such institutions . # * " SociaLeguaUtg " is , in our opinion , an utter impossibility ; hat , were it otherwise , we should oppose it as at war with our tastes and feelings .
The above is wrote by a fellow named Webb , editor of a paper called the New York Courier and Enquirer , who by doing the dirty work oi the raa menoeraey , i = caabled to live like a lord , inhabit a princely mansion , and have four servants to wait on him . Qf course he does not btlieve in " social equality . " " The only way , " said Marat , "to make good sans culottii of tlie rich is to leave them nothing to cover their . " Marat ' s system of conversion would very soon bring Mr . Webb to his senses , and speedily make " social equality" accord with his "tastes and feelings . "
Although innumerable columns of the Northern Star have been devoted to the republication of the proceedings of the American Agrarians , nevertheless a brief sketch of the principles , origin , and progress of the party may be useful . The sketch we recently gave of the Anti-Renters , will make all future reports of the proceedings of that party '' piain sailing" to our readers ; the sketch we now purpose giving will be equally useful as regards the AcrariatiS . ' From time to time , some most appalling accounts of the misery existing in New York , Philadelphia , and other large cities of the Union , have appeared in this paper . Miserable homes , low wages , tradescombinations , strikes , starvation , ignoran . e , drunkenness , orostitution , and the wide-spread canmisaon of suicide alarmingly abound in those huge brkk and morter babels , where knaves and fools , schemers aad slaves , " . most do congregate . " If the
aboresamed results of the present sy .-tem of eivihzition , JonotyetinScvf Tork and Philadelphia rival in extent tbe like results so notorious in Liverpool and Glasgow , they are already sufficiently enormous . There evils are continually growing , and , unkss Hayid lv a social revolution , will continue to increase and multiplv , until the " model republic" becomes as foul a spectacle of combined luxury and miserv , tvranny and slavery , as is this " great and free " " England . We have now before ns copies of }«! ui ^» ierieaofOctobiir l 0 th and 17 tu , containing most frightful disclosures of the state of thingslin New Tork . As in this country women are specially tie sufferers . We have not room to transfer to our co ' umns the long list of cases showing the wretched wa » es of dress-makers , female tailors , shirt-makers , £ e „ enough that New York , as well as London , contains hundreds—perhaps thosands—whose condition lioed Las described in words all too true .
Work—work—work ! Till the brain begins to swim , "Work—work—work , Till the eyes are heavy and dim Sand and gusset , and seam , Seam and gusset , end band , TiU the heartis sick , and the train cennmb'd . As well as the weary hand . The editor of Young America relates the following instance of " City life : ''"We have a painful circumstance to re ' ate , which v . 551 throw a » l . am of light npon some of the snares » Lich are stt for young and friendless females who are driven by want to the city , or allured thither from the paternal roof b y the vain prospect of bettering their conurion . An innocent young girl left the roof of her poor
mn humble parents in the town of , Fairfield county , Conn ., last April , and came to the city to sett employment . As is customary , the girl applied to an intelligence office—which office was in the service of prostitute houses . She was artless in her manners , comely in lerappearence , graceful inform , and beautiful iu feature ; a rare prize for these emissaries of crime . She w « immediately engaged at large wages , and sent as a servant into an assignation house at So . 1 , Bensonstreet . Six weeks after this , she was found in the streets , at near midnight , weeping bitterly—an out cast , disgraced , ruined , lost . This is but an instance of a multitude of similar cases . Hundred-of p & or , defenceless females are by our oppressive syiem of wsges slavery compelled to give up in despsir , aud hide taamselresfrom the tender mercies of a Christian city in
foul dens of shame . " But enough ; the evil of the many ' a degradation and misery in the cities of "free America , " is " as notorous as the sun at noon-day . " To what cause mast the evil be ascribed ? In answer to this question , "volumes misbt be written , and should be to do justice to t he subject , but we must answer it in a few words . The cause of these social tvils is the existence of social inequality in spite of the nominal political equality acknowledged by the political institutions of the States . The revolution of " 76 was only a half resolution , in which the few who were really inteiligeat and honest enough to have founded a veritable commonwealth of freemen , found themselves too few
'a comparison with the disguised aristocrats and political adventures who formed the majority of the rev oiutiouarv leaders and legislators . The legislators of the Jefferson stamp being in tho minority with te public opinion to back up their far-seeing policy , w compelled to agree to a compromise , which , without touching social instituiions , guaranteed to the people the power to elect their lawmakers , ar . d *« course , the power to am end , or entirely change social institutions , through the instrumentality of toe legislature . From the cause , we have stated , negro-slaverv was allowed to continue until now the' evil has erown to such a height" as | lo
tareafen the Southern States with a servile war , 2 nd the union itself with dissolution ; the system of pn ^ ate property in land , with the conservation to we landlords of their wholesale usurpations , and the Puer to exact rent was permitted , giving birth to « nd-johbing , anti-rentisro , competition of the lawarer against the labourer , and the consequent mi-*? eristingin large towns ; andlastly , nothing was Jone to check the thousand means of fraud and tyranny which usurers , lawyers , and " other vampires , ^ ve established to ctmpel the working class to unking toil , at the same time , exacting from them oae-half «¦ three-fonrtus of the TfeaUk they create .
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" While the public lands were * yet" eomparatively free from the grasp of speculators / and while those " hives of industry , " the great cities , were not yet over-populated , " the system" was not much felt . If at that time , in the infancy of the Republic , the American people had set about using their political privileges for the correction of social wrongs , the value of the pshtical organisation established by the founder of the republic would have been seen , and Universal Suffrage would have been found every way adequate for the establishment of a svstem of social justice without any appeal to violent means . The sanu power yet exists , but with these drawbacks , that the evils to be combatted have now attained a eiant growth , and the working massesfrom their numbers
, and the enormous extent of country over which they are scattered , are difficult to move : even the attempt to enlighten them through the medium of voice and press propaganda is an enterprise truly hercnlaneum . One of the most withering influences opposed to the cause of progress in the United States has been the folly of the working millions ranging themselves under the banner of " party , " and struggling not for themselves but against each other , and for the triumph of factions who have differed in little but the name . Two great factions , until recently , divided the American public—the Whigs and Democrats , —
these answering to our Tories and Liberals , ( i . e ., Whigs and Sham-Radicals ) . In one respect only have the so-called Democrats shown themselves better than the Whigs , namely , in opposing the paper-money swindlers . During the presidency of Jackson , some well-directed blows were struck at the bank-schemers ; bnt excepting this good service , the " Democrats" have but few claims upon the gratitude of the people ; indeed of late that party has so far degenerated , that it is questionable if some sec tions » f the Whigs are not more democratic than the s -called Democrats . The Liberty party is the name assumed bv the abolitionists who have heretofore
made the emancipation of the black population their object , as it appears , ' to have been their one idea . T he Native Americans are a new party , aiming at placing the government and official situations entirely in the hands of native-born citizens , and , further , desiring to add to the present suffrage restrictions . These parties , ? but principally the two first , have nstil recently appropriated . the energies of the American people . It has been the old game of the "ins" and the " outs . " The people have worked , shouted , and voted to return one set ol place-hunters and public plunderers in lieu of another set , with no benefit to themselves , affording another
pror . f of the event truth that '' party is the madness of the manv for the gain of the few . " Nothwithstanding all difficulties , for many years past a small but heroic band have struggled to bring before the American masses the causes of the deterioration of their condition , and the remedies for the evil . They have shown that the foundation and root ot ail other usurpations and monopolies is that monster wrong the usurpation and monopoly of the soil ; and that the first step in the great social revolution demanded bv justice , and the wants of the masses , must be the restonition to thepeople of their right to the land .
So far back as the year 1 S 29 , a meeting was held in the Military 11 = 1 * 1 . 2 few York , when resolutions and an address were adopted by three thousand citizens , from which we give the following extracts : — Your committee cannot forbear to say , that wherever government is organized upon such unjust and unequal piincrits as were established in England by William tbe Conqueror , and as have prevailed there ever since , that the Almighty , in vain for the poor , has made the water to gush from its fountain , vegetation to flourish on the surface of the eait , and created the treasures of the quarry and ths mine , since , before any of these can be applied to the benefit of the poor , these latter must enter into treaties of bondage with their oppressors , to pay a price for that which the Supreme created alike for all .
Your committee see that when government appropriates unequally , the only property which it has , when it begins to exist , that is , the soil of the State ; it thenj lays the foundation of oppression such as you , and men of your description in all countries , now suffer . He who receives more than would fall to his share by an equal allotment , becomes , by that very act , and not by any merit of his own , the rich man ; he who receives less , or none at all , the poor man . If now the latter require food , fire , clothing , or dwelling , how is he to obtain them ! liaise forme , says the rich man , two bushels of wheat , and you shall have one . Make two fires for me ,
and one shall be yours . Prepare two ^ garments for me , and one thall clothe you . Erect two dwellings , and one shall protsct you from tbe inclemency of the seasons , and hi to you a home . These , and such as these , are the terms , os which , only , it is possible for the poor to pro . vide for their wants . It is thus that the same wants are the allies and strong friends of the rich ; it is thus al « o , that , if things are now on their right basis , they ara the enemies of the poor , since they will , compel them to sell themselves slaves to their oppressors . For he , in all countries is a slave , who must work more for another than that other must work for him .
It does not matter how this state of things is brought about ; whether the sword of victory hew down the liberty of the captive , and thus compel him to labor for his conqueror ; or whether the sword of want extort our consent , as it wire , to a voluntary slavery , through a denial jo us of the materials of nature , which are the common and equal right of all , and are indispensable te our happiness and even existence . s 5 «> r , although your Committee have applied their rea soning to the condition of England , is it less applicable to the origin of property in this Sfc > te , Whoerer consults its history , will find the first appropriation of its soil to have been as enormously unjust and unequal as it was in England near SCO years ago . The ancestors of the Van Seassellatrs , the De Lancys , the Sehuylers , fhe Cuyiers , the Cortlandts , the Stuyvesants , the Tenbrooks , the Beckmans , the Livingstones , Ac , & c ., were those who engrossed a very great part of this State , to the almost entire exclusion of the remainder of the population .
And xhat your Committee may not seem to exaggerate , fh ~ y will state that the first named of these gentlemen received at the handsjif the govevument more than three hundred thousand acres , of the best soil which the State afforded , being a tract of twenty-four miles long by twenty-four miles broad ; and of which Albany was and is the centre . At this time no practical means of restoring the soil to the people had been proposed ; an agitation was , however , got up against the sale of the public lands to speculators . In 1 S 32 , President Jackson in a message to Congress , delivered the following opinion on this question : — To afford every American Citizen of enterprise , the opportunity of securing an INDEPENDENT PllEEHOLD it " seems to me , best to abandon the idea of raising a future revenue out of tbe Public lands .
Surface reforms at this period much agitated the public mind ; but the far-seeing portion of the working men kept their eyes fixed upon the land , and the subject was brought under the consideration of a creat Convention of delegates from the Trades ' Unions , held in the City Hall , New York , in 1 S 3 L From a report and resolutions adopted by that body we give the following extracts : — " Resolved , That this Convention deprecate the sys , tern cow practised in tlie disposal of tbe Public lands , because of its violating the inherent rights of the citizen , seeing that the whole of ths unseated lands belong unto the people , and should notbs disposed of to the prejudice of any class of society , each and every citizen having a just claim to an equitable portion thereof , a location upen which being the olny just title thereunto .
"Easolved , That this Convention would the more especially reprtbate the sole of the public lands , because of its iijusious tendency as it affects the interests and independence of the labouring classes , inasmuch as it debars ta « -m from the occupation of any portion of the same , unless provided with an amount of capital which the greater portion of them , who would avail themselves of this aid to arrive at personal independence , cannot hops to attain , owing the ^ nany encroachments mad » upon them through the reduction in the wages of labour consequent upon its surplus quantity in the market , which surplus would be drained off , and a demand for tne produce of mechanical labour increased , if these public lands were left open to actual settlers . "
Although the question was kept alive by a few patriots , yet nothing of moment appears to have further transpired until the year 1 S 37 , when , at a very large meeting held in the park , New York , resolu tions . & c ., were unanimously adopted , from which we give fhe lottowing ^ estrnets : — "The practice of reserving the PUBLIC LANDS for the benefit of SPECULATORS and WILD BEASTS , while thousands of Gad ' s children have not where to lay their heads ; and the practice of " stripp ing every poor man ' s child of his natural , inalienable right to a share of tha bounties of our common Father , " that he may b » compelled to wear out a shortened and degraded existence in the service of sloth and luxury , are subjects that should at this time beconsidered with serious attention , and acted upon with deliberate caution by our wbol * peonle . * *
' ¦ " Resolved , That the PUB 1 IC DOMAIN should be FREE TO ACTUAL SETTLERS , to fhe extent of from e-ghtv to two hundred acres each , as Congress in its wisdom might regulate , and "that provision should be made against its going into the possession of any but actual seitlers ; ' it being evident a greater revenue might be raised by a direct tax ( the only honest tax ) on such sntlers , than could be realized by sides ot the lands to speculators , without taking into the account the expense that might be saved to the country in the building of poor houses and the support of those who are made paupers by overstocking every other usefal occupation , while that of agriculture is under the present systemnecessarilv nejle < tedto the manifest injury all .
, , "Resolved , That , if the banks should leave the government any portion of surplus revenue , it is worthy of consideration whether it might not be appropriately loaned to those who may have been reduced to poverty by the general b snkruptcy of those institutions , and who may be desirous of effecting a settlement on the pubhe lands , but unable to do so without such assistance . [ To be continued . )
Attempted Suicide Vx Ms Grbex Park.—On W...
Attempted Suicide vx ms Grbex Park . —On Wednesday afternoon " between one and two o clock , a female , respectably-attired , about twenty years of age , attempted to commit suicide in the basin in the Green Park .
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France. The Price Of Bread At Paris Was,...
FRANCE . The price of bread at Paris was , on Friday , advanced to forty-six centimes the killojram . In Normandy formidable bands of peasantry are scouring the country by nfaht , and threaten the inhabitants who r-fuse to assist them . At St . Valery and Benvvais armed mendicants , some of the women drrssed in men ' s clothing , were extorting alms . The Duke de Bordeaux has addressed a letter to the Marquis de Pastorct , authorising the latter to open charitable establishments for labour at Clmmbord and the neighbourhood . The National draws a gloomy picture of the state of the country , it says : — " France , which has lately experienced such cruel calamities , sees this unfortunate year draw slowly to its close in the midst of a financial crisis which
reacts upon commerce and manufactures . For some weeks past affairs are embarrassed , money appears to be withdrawn from circulation , credit is restrained and diminished , all the securities quoted at the Stock Exchange are undercoing a progressive depreciation , and the Bank of France perceives its coffers diminishing in an alarming degree , and it is contemplated to raise the rate of discount , and at the same time to diminisli the period at which commercial bills are at present discounted . All those causes tinitrd have profoundly affected public credit , and it is precisely at this moment that the railroad companies come forward and call on the shareholders for 100 . 000 , 000 . What can we think of a Government so improvident as to abandon to the egotism of private intcres' on action so influential on the affairs of the country ?
Forty-seven Spanish Carlist refugreswere arrested by the French authorities , on the" 11 th instant , at TJrlmnya . in the district of Prades . On the 7 th , the " gendarmerie" of Cariapone were in pursuit of ano her band , most of whom had already crossed the Coursan Brsdee . Eisht had been seized , Twenty-Feven more refugees , including several officers , were arrested on the same day at . Narbonne .
THE HONEY-MONGERS TVESrOTISM CONDITION
OF THE PEOPLE . The following is from the pen of an American residing in Paris : — To be an elector , it la requisite that a citizen pay a direct property tax of two hundred francs , or forty dollars per annum . To be a deputy , the payment of a tax of five hundred francs , or one nundred dollars , is neessary . There are but two hundred thousand voters in France , although the number of male adults is upwards of five millions , and only seventeen thousand in Paris , with a population of nearly a million and a quarter . When it is considered that the government holds at its disposal n greater number of lucrative offices than the entire electoral body in composed of p-rsons . one may easily imagine the-little chance that a Chamber of Deputies
can ever be " chosen in opposition to "the powers that be . " or possessing the spirit of independent freemen . ' Every means is taken to keep down the number of voters to the smallest possible limit , and so far is this carried , that taxes were reduced upon certain descriptions of property previous to the late election , for the sole purpose of depriving men of thoir votes . And this fort of contemptible jmantiol ( jerri / matufcritijr wai not without its cffcct . for the person who formerly voted u : on the payment of a forty dollar tax upon having it reduced to thirtr-oijrht dollars , lost his privilege . A gentleman informed me that twenty individuals among his acqaint ance lost their votes by this single operation . But the restriction of the elective franchise , and the corruption so easily practised upon a body of voters
embracing in its ranks all the grasping capitalists and avaricious Shy locU « of the country , is but a small portion of the evils that press upon kingridden France . The taxes are enormous , pa ticularly tho » e up'Mi the necessaries of life , and press with terrifie weight upon the labourine poor . Not a particle of food can enter the city of Paris without first paying a heavy tax in the shape of wh : it is called an " atroi duty , " and the consequence is . that meat bears snch an exorbitant price that the poor seldom eat it from one year ' s end to the other . They labour hard and long , with no better food than meagre soup , coarse bread , and 1 miserable salad . I have seen near the markets , a depository where is carried in large bags , the refuse provision of the common ' eating houses , which
is purchased by nn old lug . a sort of chiffonier for the stomach , who retails it out in small quantities to starving wretches , who eajerly devour the hor . rible mess , which a respectanle American dog would turn from with discust . This dreadful destitution is constantly witnessed in a co-mtry which maintains a useless standing army of three hundred and fifty thousand men , at an annual expenditure of seventy millions of dollars , and } whose government expends millions more , in repairing nnd adorning every old relic of despotism and superstion . that time and revolutionary vengeance have not quite succeeded in crumbling int < dust . It is fortunate that the Ba ^ tile was totally demolished , or I am convinced that the government would , ere this , have repaired if , as a safe asylum for those of its subjects
guilty of political offences . The garrison of Paris consists of fifty thousand man . ail from the provinces , and a most stupid looking set they are . The Parisian Conscripts are sent to Algiers , or as far as possible . The reason is obvious , they would vol fire upon fhe people . There are also about eighteen hundred policemen constantly parading the streets , and a "municipal guard " of some fou- thousand troops , cbospn from the ranks of the reRuuvr army , nnd whose especial business it is " to keep the people In or ' er . " One thing is evident ,- that though Louis Philippe obtained his throne in consequence ofapopularrcvolution . be does not mean to lose it by the same means , if it is possible to prevent it . Every where you go you may meet soldiers , and they swarm about every place of public resort , ns if danger was
constantly to be apprehended to the throne of his " Most Gracious ilajesty . " Personal lights are not protected in France . A person may be arrested by th" police , thrown into prison , and detained perhaps a year without being brought to trial , or informed of the nature of the complaints against him . There is plenty of social lictnie . tmt not aparlkleof politico 1 Iberty . Neither is there any free . dem of trade , either foreisu or domestic , but every de . partment of business is fettered by the most ridiculous government regulations . A man cannot mine upon his own land , for mining is a government monopoly , and even the poor peasants upon the sea coast cannot filter a little of the oce -n water through a ra ? , to supply one of the prime necessaries of life , because salt is a government monopoly . But I must stop , for the subject is pro'ific , and I shall weary your patience .
PORTUGAL . THE 1 KSCRKECTI 0 X . Letteis from Lisbon of the 10 th , state that a conflict had taken place on the 7 th between a body of troops and the insurgents near Cintra . The firing lasted for some hours . A number were killed on both sides . The column of troops first saw the insurgents about a mile this side of Cintra , in qnintas or gardens that commanded the road . The Commander attempted to dislodge them by disrhar » ing some grape-shot from a field-piece . Not succccdimr , he attacked the position with his infantry . The people retreated after a slight resistance . A furious tempest , accompanied with lightning and thunder , prevented the troops from brisk pm'MUt . The troops continued their march to San Pedro , a village on the steep hill that must be descended to reach the village of Cintra . Here the people awaited their
approach in a naturally strong position , to which they had added some defences . The people at this point were about four hundred and fifty . One hundred and fifty were regularly armed . The rest had fowling pieces and swords ; the infantry were ordered forward . They carried the position , but not until they lost one man killed , and five wounded . It seems a very small number for Ihe time that the firing lasted , five hours and a half . The people skirmished as they retreated up the motntain , and were pursued by the troops . They ultimately dispersed in various directions . The Municipal Cavalry charged a part of the people down the steep hill through Cintra , and on to the Marquis of Marialva ' s palace . The exact number lost by the people in killed and wounded is not known . No mention is made of prisoners . It is told by peivons who came from Cintra , that the people desisted from firing only when their ammunition was exhausted .
The progress of the army that left Lisbon , under Saldanha , was slow . Conde das Antas was at Batalha . The leaders of the insurgents arc determined to fight obstinately , The Conde das Antas , on receiving the account that the Queen had taken his title and honours , appeared before the troops and people , and said that he stood amongst them ns a private individual , hut even so was resolved to carry them to victory , and that he would lose his life in the cause of liberty . The enthusiasm of the soldiers and people was great . The struggle will be eanguinary and tedious .
SWITZERLAND . The Grand Council of Geneva has , after a short discussion , voted in favour of tho proposal of the Provisional Government , for the immediate dissolution of the concordat of the Seven Cantons . Nothing , therefore , remains but to communicate this resolution to the Vorort . The Grand Council of the Swiss Canton of Sehaffhansen has decided by a majority of 43 to 19 , on a revision of the Constitution . Several Austrian regiments have received orders to proceed to the frontier of Switzerland .
ITALY . A letter from Leghorn of the 7 th , in the Constitutionnel , says : — " From letters which we receive from the Roman States , it appears that the population of Fano ( delegation of Pesaroand Urbino ) had risen against the Jesuits of the town . A demonstration has also , it is said , taken place against the Jesuits at Perusa . A letter from Rome , dated tho 8 th inst ., contains soma account of there ceremony of the possesso , which was celebrated on that day . That ceremony , the origin of which ascents to to the early time of tho sovereignty of the Poiea over the city of Rome ,
France. The Price Of Bread At Paris Was,...
and reminds the Romans of their former municipal franchises ] S more political than . " religious . The r ? u ° ma P"blisbed on that day the nominaiion ot three committees , composed of prolaterand laymen , fhe first , including the most distinguished magistrates and lawyers in the country , is charged with the reform of the code of criminal and civil jurisprudence . The two others , cemposed of Roman princes and men possessing great influence by their lortune and talent , are to devise a phn of ameliorating the municipal system and repressing vagrancy , one ot tlie greatest curves of Italy . In the mornin !? , moreover , an edict , was published relative to railroads . All those measures were received with
unanimous satisfaction by the population which congregat' d in multitudes at tlie font of the capitol , under the triumphal arch of the forum , along tho ruins of the Coliseum , and in all the streets and squares through which the cortege of the Sovereign Pontiff was to pass . The P « po was everywhere cheered with the loudest acclamations . On reaching the gate of St . John of Lateran , the oldest church in Rome , the Pope was presented by the Senator with the keys of tho city , the symbol of taking possession of the sovereignty . He then entered the Lodgp of ot . John of Lateran and bestowed his benediction on the people , who received it with tho utmost piety anil an enthusiasm impossible to describe .
POLAND . A letter from l he frontiers of Gallicia , of Novcm-WannoiiMes the annihilation of the last remnant ol lolish nationality . The " protectee" Powers haying resolved to make an end of tlie independence of the republic of Cracow .. and to sanction its incor poration with the Austrian dominions . The Anas burg Gazette confirms the intelligence .
UNITED STATES AND MEXICO . Tlie British and North American Royal Mail steam-ship Caledonia , Capt . Lott , arrived at Liverpool from Boston , on Sundav last . There is but little ne * s from Mexico . Tho principal priests delegated to represent the Mexican priesthood , have consented to raise two millions of dollars towards defraying the expenses of the war , by mortgaging their estates and other property . The merchants in the city of Mexico have raised five hundred thousand dollars , and paid it over to the Government
f'T the purpose of carrying on tlie ' wav , and promised an equal amount within the next fifteen days , besides agreeing to keep up a contribution of the . same amount once every month . The AmcWcnns bad 'siptnred the brig of war , Malek Adhel . The officers and crew on bnard'thc bri « r being totally unprepared ff . r an attack , took fo their boats , in great confusion , on the appearance of tlie Americans . Nauvoo is still in tr ' oub ' e . The Mormons havp all left , except a tew who are too sick and fceb ' c . The city is under the sway of a lawless set of rioters , "hose conduct fc most infamous .
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE . Account * have come to hand from tho Cape of Good Hope to tho 20 th of Sepiemlicr , and from the Eastern Province to the 10 th of September . The Kaffirs were robbins as actively , and , we fear to : > , almost as snecrsfully as ever , having driven off immense flor-k * of sheep , nnd a Jaruo number of cattle . The English troops having penetrated some dis'anco into the Kaffir country the respective commanders were . ittemptinir to draw a sort of cordon around their slippery foes , and it is said that some of the chiefs had made overtures of peace .
—**Ae*^- The Land For The People. " Tor ...
—** ae *^ - THE LAND FOR THE PEOPLE . " Tor me , for tliee , for all' . " CAUSES OP THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN COMMONWEALTH . ( Concluded from our last number . J A plebei < in named L . Siccus Jhntatus spoke then in favour of the people with ' the eloquence of facts . He showed that he had been in military service forty years . During this time ho had been present in one hundred and twenty-one battles . He enumerated the wound * which he h . vl received , and the honourable distinction with which he had been charged , " If it werenot known at Rome , " said he , " what my fortune is , would it not be bvlieved that it is proportionable to my protracted toils ? Aly companions , and myself , hive defended the Itupnblic at the hazard of our lives , extended its limits , conquered vast and fertile plains where we 'lonotoivn the smallest portion , and which are unlawfully possessed
by men without merit , whose pernicious designs only tend to our degradation . " Notwithstanding the eloquence of Siccins , tho law wss a ^ ain postponed , nnd sliorl ' y after he was assassinated ! This pl-in of getting rid of par . tisans of the people , was not well adapted to conciliate them . They wore more patient than couldhave been expected , but in the end did themselves justice . The case of the Decemvirs ought to have startled the senate . This holy saw its despotism deUroyini ; itself , day by day . It saw that each n « w injustice impaired its authority . It was on tbe point of losing the right of decreeing the triumph which it had refused to two consuls who were friemte of the people—but its arrogance was incorrigible . To suhdue this arrogance ths people employed a violent roniedy . * They demanded that the Patricians should he allowed to intermarry with the plebian order , and that
plebeans , who were worthy should he admitted to the consulship . The ] senate whs Shocked at these demandsdeclared , at first , that they would proceed to the last extremities sooner than consent to them . Yet they finall } consented , and allowed everything to be shared between tlicm and the people except isea'th . This proven that they ware m- 're influenced by avarice than pride . Bu ( to flatter the people for a moment , was not to remove their sufferings , tho two causes of which , Usury and Poverty , did not cease to nifiict them . They again demanded a division ot fhe Lands of the Republic : Camillus opposed himself to this and was banished as Corio-Ianus had been . His exile allowed the Gauls an opportunity to lay Rome in ashes . These troubles deprived the stat (' of its best support—of those valiant and bold men who bein '' too independent to serve one party ( the senate )
often became the scapegoats and victims of tlie other ( the people ) , It was tlia . i that Manlius was destroyed , and , in the sequel , the G rnenhi , The excessive opulence of Rome a'tcr the fall of Carthage , nnd Numantin—the boundless luxury , which the nrandrcs displayed in tli- ir palaces , their gardens , and at their tables , rendered the oppression under which the people groaned , more intolerable . To remove some of the most odious foa . tures of this monsirous inequality the tribune Tiberius Gracchus attempted to renew tho law for tho division ofthe public lands . Motives of revenge have been attributed to this tribune , who is , at the same time , acknowledged to have been one of the most virtuous of men , but it will soon be seen whether he was moved by this pas sion . By the law of consul Cassias , no citizen could possibly hold more than 500 orpeiifs of the public lands .
Gracchus demanded that this law should be put in execution . Thecause ofthe people whs that of justice , of humanity , aud of ihe country . It was even that of the rich , considered as citizens , but Gracchus , to give more authority to his proposed law , had the precaution to procure the approval of the most enlightened and upright men in the Republic—such as Aggrlpius Clodius , his father-in-law , Mutius Scavelo the lawyer , the sovereign P . Jiitiif Cros .-us—persons . who were revered at Rome . He did more , and without availing himself of the influence of their suffrages , lie observed ill his edict a spirit of gentleness and moderation which ought to have appeased the rich , if avarice ever could be appeased . He unnouii . ced that those who had contravened the laivs . 'honld not only bt unpunished , but that thoy should not he obliged to restore the revenue , which they had drawn from tho
l- . m ^ , ( luring their possession ot it He added , that what , ever the law mi ^ ht retrench from their possession should be reimbursed to them out of the | vublio treasury ; in fact he confined hiaicelf merel y to a demand , in the mime of the people , that justice should bo done them for the future ; leaving to those who held the public lands , th- ' peaceable possession during their lifetimes , of all which they could not hold consistent with the terms of the law . But nothing could satisfy the avidity of the rich . Tlicj unchained ( decHannent ) themselves against Gracchustreated him as a seditious person , and a disturbtr ol ( AetV peace , whfch they termed the "public pence . " Il was then that he delivered that celebrated address of which I shall quote some extracts . " The most ferocioun beasts , " said he , " have tlnir couches , and their don ? , whilst men , win are soldiers and Roman citizens , art
compelled to wander to and fro , with their wives and children , without finding a resting place . Is it right that such a number of valiant men should combat vtith unnumbered perils and fatigues , for the luxury , the wealth , tho gewgaws of their fellow citi . sens ! How can the generals who command them—Low can they say , that they'll lead them on , to fight for their domestic altars , and the tombs of their fathers , since not a single one of them h-is a house , a domestic altar , nor even owns the soil where his father had the right of sepulture ! They term you , " said he , addressing the people , " tbe owners of the soil : what owners ? You do not possess the smallest portion which vou can
use or on which you would , even , be allowed to erect a hut ; all this , while others , without fatigue , and without dnng-r , possess immense domains 1 " To these motives he add . d othira more interesting , even for avarice itself . The security of possessions . The hope of enlarging them , if tho * e who alone could guard them were not allowed to perish . Every means w < re brought into operation by this courageous citizen . What was the result of his zeal ? A few days after this address he was knocked on the head iu the capitol , under the eyes of the senate , and by itsoriT—when Scipio Nasica , the savcrcign Pontiff marchrd t ;» the attack at the bend of tin senators . —Scipio diatl a short time afterward over-« heli > ed with infamy and remorse .
Tl e murder of Gracchus did not appease the rage of the great nnd wealthy—they outraged h : s corps' -, and those of his friends whom they murdered along with him . They caused his remains to he dragged into tho Tib . ; r . One of his friends was enclosed alive in a eauk with vipers . This punishment was invented and inflicted on men who wished to retrench some superfluities from the unbounded luxury ofthe rich , in order to minister to tho uitinta of the poor . Cains Gracchus , the brother of Tiberius , as virtuous , and still more eloquent , was , like him , the victim of his zeal / or tho people and of tbe hatred ofthegreat . Before bis death , he had erected the Tribunal of the Equestrian order to judge and punish tho crimes of the senators—a terrible blow to the power and dignity of the senate . The people , who by an inconceivable act of
* So Cou»Id«Red, Though Not So In Fact.
* So cou » id « red , though not so in fact .
* So Cou»Id«Red, Though Not So In Fact.
cowardice had abandoned their generous di-fendcrs , recovered from their terror , uridmoie violently hated their tyrants , who had made them tremble . The rostrum , and the Campus Martius , which until the murder of th . - Gracchii , had never witnessed bloodshed , were them , selves inundated with gore , and Rome became a slaughti r house . It must be seen with what readiness the pei > pie reduced to despair would d eliver themselves to the Hrst one of their rink , who dared to lift tho standard of re volt , or the first patrician who would take them under his protection . Hence so many civil wars , which werr kin ; led , as if from the ashes of thtse men . until the
senate and the people wore the same yoke . It has been said that the Roman people were not worthy of freedom , but it is plain that the senate was unworthj t .. vale them . Its pride , whieh eAst it down , followed it in its degradation , and , after having shaken tbe foundation , of tho republic , finished the work of its ruin . In proportion as the senate became more odious to the pvop ' . o ft became more eager to persecute those of its own orih-r whom tlie people favoured . According to its maxim , the / Wend of tlie people was the enemy of the state . It was not without reason , that the senate distrusted powerful and popular men . It compelled the people to di sire another yoke than its own , but its restless and cruel pride accelerated its own fall instead of retarding it .
Ireland. State Of Tiik Countht. Pkstitut...
IRELAND . STATE OF TIIK COUNTHT . Pkstitutiox in Galway . —The Uev . F . Kenny , parish priest of Spemhil , county of Gahvav , nmke < the following statement in a letter to the Freeman ' s Journal : — A poor man of the nnme o Thomas Mollone , who had hee-. i working on the new line of ro «> l from Costello ha > to Otighterard , mis , on his way home f rom wwk on Fri . day evening last , so oxhausltd from tbe effoets of huHfrei ' and fatigue that he laid down and died within e . ii ; htv perches of his cabin . After a long search on t- e following morning , he was found a lifeless coipse be .-idu a rii-li of tuvf on the top of a mountain above l-is hou ? c . I havt inquired most minutely into the circumstances of n :. » death , and from what has been told mu regarding it , ni >
firm conviction is that he has fallen a victim to the causes already assigned . He vvfis working for the last four wcrln on th » 5 nhov-i . riarncd road , Rtvivinj- to earn a miserable subsistence for himself , wife , and i < helpless children , to accomplish which , he should each morning walk a ui .-t . tance of six Irish miles , through a wet paihless mountain , and the same dreary journey back in the evemng , » ft' - > carrying dripping sand on his back during the day . with only one meal , and that same a scanty one . I have state ! th'it he was labouring for the last four weeks on this road—aye . and in cold , and wet , and huiurer ; and yet . cruel to relate , he had not received one penny of wages for
these four weeks' work up fo the moment of Inn death He had neither cow . nor calf , nor sheep , nor Iamb , nor : iny means of subsistence for himself and family , but his daily labour , which he was enabled to p-irform through the charity of his compassionate neighbours , who lenJ him a few stones of oats , whieh his poor wife , ground with a hand-quern into meal . On the niornir . g of his death his wife requested of him to take a Utile crust of Imad with hirs , which , as sbo said , might keep the ' . ifti in him till he returned . But tho tender-hearted father , who felt more for tho wants of his little children than his own , re fu * cd ths broad , saying , " Give it to them little one * , I can do without it better than thev . "
Plu . vder op Flour . —On Monday nisiht bet wren nine and ten o ' clock , as Thomas Byrne was brim inn two dravs loaded with flour , th ? property of Mr . Kennedy , of Trim , to Dublin , he was attacked by upward ? of * forty men at the Cross Keys , seven miles from Trim , who feloniously stole five sacks of flour , which they carefull y emptied into sacks and ba'js of their own , and having impartially divided the cos tents between them , they departed , and permitted Byrne to resume his journey . —Cork Examiner . Parsonstown , Nov . 12 . —This county sfill continues in a disturb d sta ' c , and outrage is becomiii " more frequent every day . If matters progress as they are doing , neither life nor property will ho secure . In the middle ofthe noon-day another outrage ha « been perpetrated on the public road , by an armed
narty . As Mr . Richard Woods w sthis day proceeding on a ear towards Borrisokane , to pay the men employed on the public works , he was stopped by an arm- 'd party , about five miles from this town . Oneof the fellows seized the ' horse , while the others placed the driver on his ' aco . threatening him with instant death if he moved . They then dragged Mr Woods off the car , and searched his pocket * , carrying off nil the mnnev they could find , which fortunaW y consisted of half notes only , Mr Woods having used the precaution of sending the first halves by yesterday evening ' s post . They then fired a shut or two . and gave him some severe blows on the head nnd face . He was conveyed to town a few minutes since , but his wounds are not considered of a dangerous nature .
Emplotmknt of the PEnri . n . —The following extract of a letter from the west of the county of Limerick suggests some rather unpleasant reflection ? respecting the practicability of the Board of Works being enabled to find employment , even at the present enormous cost to tho country , sufficiently permanent to overcome the threatened perils of the present winter : — There are in this barony nearly 4 , 000 men at work , and the payments amount to about £ S 0 t ) a week . How this system is to be carried on , I do not see , for even already the engineer is beginning to exp rience great difficulty i ; i finding work for the immcn * e numbers he has employed . It may go on for a few months , say two or three , but tinidea of keeping up working at roads , new or old , for tbe
time that will inevi-ably be required is prep . ' . sfero' . is . They speak of calling a new sessions here for reproductive works , but the gentry in the country are not in a position to burden themselves individually with the sums which would be necessarily made chargeable on their properties in that way , There is not a labourer employed iu thu county , except on public works ; and there is every prospect ofthe lands remaining uiirillcd ami unsown fur nest year . The labourers can earn from li . to Is . 6 d . n daj at task-work , and from the number employed there ought to he no one in want in this barony . But , unfortunately , the relief committees put many pers-ns on their lists who arc not in absolute need of it ; and the consequence is , that there nm many f . imilics entirely without work , while others are sarin" money to a considerable extent .
Food Biots . —Notwithstanding the admonitory letter ofthe i . ord-Lietitenant , the peasantry of Clare continue their lawless proceedings with uiiabiilccl vigour . On Tutsday last a troop of the Sth Hussars , who had arrived in this town on Saturday , from Tulla , whither they had been ordered in consequence of an npprchuudid meeting of the peasantry , together with the company ol the 73 d Regiment at present stationed here , and a number of constabulary , escorted a few loads of corn from this town to the village of Clare , in order to have it shipped for Limerick . This inili'ary escort was deemed necessary , owing to the determined opposition which has been manifested by the people around that village to the shipment of grain ; although they have been informed by Mr . Russell , of Limerick , that he sends much more meal and fl .. ur to this town than the corn he takes from
it would produce ; and as Mr . Russell refuses to send in meal and flour at present in cotiseqttcnpo of their impeding the course of his trade , the evil effects of their illjudged policy must fall on the people themselves . Notwithstanding that they have been reasoned with on the subject , we regret to find that they still seem disposed to persevere in their lawless c nduct ; so much so , indeed , that t-ven the presence of this military force did not deter the mob from rushing upon the carts laden with grain , and endeavouring to stop their progress Captain Leynu read the Hiot Act , after which the police found it necessary to strike some of the most detciniitud of the mob with the backs of their swords , in order to force them from the cars ; this was at last ni-uompUshcd , and the loads of grain allowed to make their way to the quay , when it was discovered that there was no boats to receive it , and they were consequently obliged to convey it b .- . ck again to this town . —JSmiis Paper .
The Limerick Examiner \\ a * t \ n account of an outrage of a similar character : — On Wednesday morning a crowd of people , nuitibtriuy . . ibout 500 , collected at Clonrala , to stop Mr . Houston ' s menl ear on its way to Limerick at this time the grand division of the S 5 th Regiment was passing through the village , and the bugle had sounded a halt , yet notwithstanding so mighty a show of military pwwer , the peopl actually drove the meal back through the ranks of tin soldiers . Dr . Kidd interferrcd and addressed th ? people , who as soon as they could hear him cried out unani . niously that they would do whatever he desired them ; ot course the Doctor advised them to let thu corn go on which they immediately complied with , Mr . PenistoirV mmi in charge of the e . ir was very violent , and being told by Several that he might thank Dr . Kidd that he was le : go on , he replied that be did not care for any of them , or the Doctor cither—Those who heard this grew furious , and but for the interference of Dr . Kidd would have torn the man to pieces .
The Evening Mail reports that lhe last accounts from the west of the county of Limerick areola more favourable nature , and adds : — The men employed on the public works are taking more frie ' y to taskwork , and the decline iu prices ha * hail its effect in showing thtm the actual madness of their interrupting the corn of their employi rs in going to mai-Uet . In one case prices fell 3 d . a-stone in tb « imerra ! between tlie time when foinc cars , loaded with corn , from the neighourliood of BaUingurry , were stopped on their way to the mills of Carasa , and tho time when the country people idlowed it to fee solo . The disposition to obtain anna still exists , and there is no security for property . A letter frsm Clonmel , thus describes the state ol affairs in that part oi'Tipperarv : —
' 1 h this vicinity , " says tho writer , " the small farmers have universall y left their holdings , and are cmployed as Stewards over the road gangs in distant parts ofthe county ; the const quence is , no landis being prepared for tho reception of wheat , and if tho Resent favourable season be allowed to pass by without sowing that Crop , what will be our prospects thin time next yeav % Indeed , agricultural business is altogether given up , and men who held 10 or 12 Irish acres aru actually scrambling for lOd , a-day , breaking stones in lieu of digging their fields , As usual , tho most deserving oi relist' do
Not Get Employment , Recommendations Bei...
not get employment , recommendations being given by lhe larger farmw-j to get rid of those characters who aremost troublesome . In the midst of all this apparent distress , when we are told the labourer * Imv .. not wherewithal to purchase susn nance , the sale of firearms of all descriptions has increased to an nla _ - mlng extent ; not only thegunmakers , but the hardware shops j „ » i town , are dnv . ng a brisk trade in tliecouimnnest description of suns and pistols . Fanners' boys , who are now working ZmI ^ ' j "I " 2 i - , eSSt ' " U ' »™ ge wages of the totr' « { vide Treasury minute ) , ara ueeklv buying guns '' „ 7 * V 0 ilC ' ! ' 9 , tl 1 »«« ol » » l !(•' - I W fc „ o „; , . within t . 0 last few days , « labouring man to make apurchase of fmirguns ; intact , « w entire population is now armed , and we may « pect a winter of robbery and violence ,
Dim ™ , Nov is—There is but littlo intclliscnee of any in . eivst to ho cleaned from the few provincial papers which reached thisday . 'flicscant inf ormation thev furnish is > however , upon the whole satisfactory , as evidencing the gradual subsistence of the na nic . Corn and provisions of all kinds are becoming more abundant , and , greatly to the satisfacsion of ail nflitie . " , save one , the speculators and hoarders arc likely to be thesuff-.-rers in the combio . ition to uphold tlie market prices of fuod beyond their natural levrl . The public works are progressing sn rapidly , that now iiWseiitmenfc sessions most sni'fldilv he held to afford other mn-ns of employment ; and the oentry , hrcominir alarmed at the iVavy tnxifio !! , are exertin-r thrmsi » Ivp . s very strenuously to make arrangements for draina-io ami other productive works , on itch a snn ' e ns to . ih « nrb all the destitute pprsons re * quirins employment .
Still thorn are snmov ^ ry painful reports of deshtitti-n ; and , oven in this " severe season , orniirivitioh . is in progress !' rom some western ports . Those who have the means of paying tlu-ir passage across the Atlantic , prefer even a winter voyage to the prnslitvt of remaining in thi-ir na ' . irc country at such a period of unprecedented ( listrrs * . Tiik Ptiin . ic Works . —ft uppers lv * the h ' e-t returns , that the per-nns emnlovpd under the Hoard of Works n-w nmn nfc to 1-50 , 000 . Jind that : hpy are ilistvibulHl am . - -ng * t one hundred and iif ' tv differenfi localities . luisii Railways . — -The Anglo Celt , a Cavnn paper , contains the followino : —
A \' e have received an important Treasury m ; monwlum . to th- ; f ffect . that the Treasury will , mi the rccomm-iiiia-M ' on "f the Howl of M * ork « , sanction Joans for th" ear'h voi-ks ( only ) of railways , for whieh Acts f Pirlimiient have beim obtained , im ' er the Och and 10 th Victoria , o . 10 T . lint thu following- cn ; i >! : tions mii ^ t bo complied with : —Tbe luain are to be made on the baronies on the "security oi ' tiin ' r presentments . nn « I not fo the i-ooipany . The . comp-iny must be in a ; tual possession of the la * . » i thrnn-. 'h v-hiob the railway is top . i ^ .-, or : nn « t ^; ve security that they will ba s 0 before thu works begin The company must give security to tho barony for 'be halfye .-ii- ! y repayment of the advances , with interest .. ! io work to bt presented for which cann-it be c . nipiute-1 b y Aii-.-u ^ t next . The ? c conditions are consM » -rp ( l « o sfrinsrent that it is probable that ti . oy will not be cntup : i d with to any great "X'Mlt .
Statb of tiik Repeat . I * ijnd —Some verv instriietive revelations respeotin . ' the « tite of the Rppsal "vclieq " ,, r have mo . de their way into f !> f > Eueninf Mail . They . ire substantially correct , and h-intr so , ire especially recommended to ihn pouis-il of the iiuiiertinotifc chimnurers for a publieathn of the disbursements of tha enormous sums of moiey swallowed up between tho years 1843 and 1 S 1 C : — At the meeting of the finance committee of fhn Ropeal Asso iation on Wednesday last , tbe sum of £ 3- 'so , biing the subscription ofthe ;» s « ociition th the me-nrcnient intended to be erected to the late Sir . Thnma * I ) -i viswas submitted for final auditing , in order to its discharge . Mr . Steele , held pacificator , & c .. opposed iKpayment . Tbe Young Ireland party ( thought this immaculate patrio- ) had disentitled the memory f their appostl ? to any lestbi'ony of esteem from a great moriil force party such as that association .
The Liberator ( alter some altercation on both sides ) , rosa aud mado tha following remarkable observations , which we will not venture to comment upon , as commentary would he in the last degree impertinent : — The L'berator . —I disagree with my beloved frund , Steele , in smges ' -ipg political considerations on a . quest ' onofthis kind . ItU purely fimncial , and should be so treated , and . for th .-. t reason alone , I suggest v-ith very srent humility that its consideration he postponed for a few day- , until my accounts , as die trustee and treasurer of ths association , bo wound up . Thpy are v = ry nearly completed , andalthnuah I cannot tpi > nk with ecr « tainty , as to ono hundred or two , still I have no doubt that I shall be able to s > tiify you that the Repeal Association is in my debt to the extent of ifV . DO to j £ " 00 on a general balance . I think , under such circumstances , you ought to be jn * t before you are generous . The finance committee have adj-mrned sine die .
Anotiiku Jouksky to Darrynaxt ! . —Aenordins to tho present arrangement , Mr . O'Connell—b y the advice of his medical advisers , it is said—will leave Dublin for Darrynane in the course of ton days or a fortnight . —further ab = tinence from political excitement beins deemed indispensable in the present state of the honsurabie and learned gentle-man ' s health . No time can be fixed for his probable return to town . Further reductions take place from this date in flic staff of Cnnc'liatinn Hall , the services of several cle' - 'is beinc no longer deemed necessary . What el ? e cottld be . p . vnected when the Association is indebted to Mr . O'Connell to the tune of " sav" £ 000 .
Repeat , As = ociattox . —At the usual weekly meeting of this body , on Monday ] a * t , Mr . O'Connell entered into a Ions ; refence of himself as a landlord , againsta . certain false and libellous paragraph which had appeared in the Times newspaper , copied , be believed , from the Cork Examiner and Dublin Picket , in which his tenantry at Oaliircivcen were represented as in a state at once of starvation autl mutiny . This , he ( Mr . O'Connell ) altrgether denied , it was utterly untrue . The learned eentleman then entered into a lone add boastful detail of his numerous generous and charitable acts towards his depend , ants , lie had expended between three and four hundred pounds within the last fortnight , in contributing to tho relief of his Cahircireoti tenants and lie expected to be able to carry them all over the pending difficulties without anv great sacrifices .
Mr . Stkklk made a lonsr oration directed entirely against Mr . Smith O'Brien and tlioTmui ? Ireland part ) , lie now questioned Mr . 0 'Brk-n's descent from Boirhoine . Mr . O'Connell was , in his view , tho Newton of political science . George the Fourth was a ' * royal reptile . " At this period of the proceedings , th ? Right Rev . Dr . 7- ?! -ov . -ne , tho Roman Catholic Bishop of Elphin , entered the Hall , and was loudly cheered . He was pinned on the bench next to Mr . O'ConKelJ . who received the Rev . Gentleman with the greatest ubcisance , and humblv kissed his hand ! !
AMi-. RICAH M 0 SET . Mr . O'Co . nkkll announced subscription !) fiora America , the chief of which was one of £ 200 from the repealers of Boston . ( Great chcurius . ) The liijjhfc lU-v , Vr , Efcw . vs was depiikrt , hd said , by a preponderating majority of the Catholic prelates and of the priesthood fienenilly , to express his and their unaltered and unalterable attachment to Mr . O'Connell and his peace-acting principles . The Doctor covertly attacked the Notion newspaper asos-ciitialiy " infidel , " and denounced the Young Iri-linders with great emphasis . At the conclusion of bis speech , Mr . O'Connell proposed three vast "hurrahs" for the Bishop of Klphiti , which were civeu accordin «! y . Mr . Curtis , barrister , announced •> sum of . 'S 3 from the Roman Catholic Bishop of Wntcrfovd and eighty-two of his elei' » y . ( . Mora clieeiiu-. . )
Mr . O'Connell ( to the upper nalh-rh-. *)—I will fell you a secret , and there ' s ctioui . li of you thorp to keep it— "I do not care twopatre for the Young Inlanders , " ( Laughter . ) After some more of the same wrrti-hfd siufl * . fhe rent for the week was announced to In * £ Cy 2 : > s . 2 d ., ineiudinst , of course , the £ 200 from Anurica , nul the proceedings terminated . C ' oux'iv Auxu g u . —The Rev . John Vi'Csmshuid . ta a letter addressed to the editor of tin- Ann < i »! i Guardian , states that on going up to his church ( ivilli ' ea ) on Sunday morning , ho found the f ' ol ! o" -ii-t ! notice posted on one of the p illars of the < ' ! -. iirehya > i ! ga'c . lie expresses his belief that tlm ilocimu ' nt did not emanate from any of the inhabitants ofthe immediate ncijjhboiithiiud : —
ATTLKD TO THIS . "Fellow Cimntr . \ incii—Every thh-g thtit the farmer was wont to enII his onn is now peii . vln il iindei- ?' ie elod —ThechriMi has crmit- when the v-iuihl he i :. ' : ^ ii ;\ whs ofthe earth must know tha are but nun ( lnynenl not they dare not » tt > mpt to ash what the people ate unable to paj—We . lit ar daily of public un t « t iti ^ rs and the ( H-libcrations i-f laiillurils—thi * is nil fiiilxs—ihev are but foxes deliberations hii- the hist method ofpresesvini ; tho geese . Let landlords , if ih y deserve the niimo , come forward liliC men anil save tne cuuntrj i ' ro ' . n ruin the p . ooteif ihey keep anythinif . to save tin-in iivin starvation i- uti mih pay one third of thereat they paid in limner j < hi—I . ctthtui rack renters ( and I call all by that name ' who a-U otherwise titan as s-tat ; d above ) HenuioW v xlmt lie U . ai Williholdctn from niaii his bread Wishliuliicth frwiihim Ida life and the blood is the Iff .- thcri'U ' . Lot landlord !; t . iko warnini ; in time . Let ail their bom bailiffs fear and tremblo and renumber what was once writtt n KILllSG NO Ml'KDEB . [ The remainder of the notice cannot bo deciphered , in const quence of its bcinj : torn . It refers to " «; . Cvu or bread , and ai » ned—'' Preserver . " ] On Monday night , us four men were returning home from a wako , they heard a noise as ol c-haina rattling , and supposing it to have been a fettered horse , which had fallen into a drain , they wewt to render assistaneo , and startled a party of robbers who were ripping corn from a stack belonging to Mr . Holland , of Armaghbrnguo , county Armagh , and who immediately decamped . County Claue . —Last week another horse was shot nt Carahan , within a short distance of the police bar tack , the property of & Ir . J . P , Alolony , of Ciegg , oa
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 21, 1846, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns2_21111846/page/7/
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