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" 'The 7th ofthe sixth chapte THE NORTHE...
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SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. A Vessel Kra Dowx...
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FEAB.GUS O'CONNOR AND DR. M'DOUALL.
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Dear Sir,—I was deputed by the Council a...
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THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1815.
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MINISTERIAL CHANGES. The Times of Thursd...
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THE TRADES CONFERENCE. The Trades having...
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THE CRASH. From the moment that our repr...
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O'CONNELL AND THE POPE. Ikterested, as e...
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Leach ajw M'Douall,—Just as we were goin...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
" 'The 7th Ofthe Sixth Chapte The Northe...
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Shipping Intelligence. A Vessel Kra Dowx...
SHIPPING _INTELLIGENCE . A Vessel Kra Dowx . —Bbbtal _Condhct . —We subjoin an account of the loss of a beautiful little cUpper cutter , the Design , belonging to Whitstable , W . Camburn , master ; Messrs . Deane and Edwards , owners . The cutter Design was built by Mr . James Daniels , of Whitstable , and in respect to her sailing qualities , _ocauty , and strength , was the pride of the port . This vessel was from Tereeira with a cargoiOi fruit for London , and was proceeding up channel with a fine breeze at south by east , when , arriving on Exmouth about one o'clock on Friday morning , tne 10 th ult ., at a distance of about 30 miles from tne land , -she was nminto with amost tremendous crash hy alargebarque . name-unknown , ranning down charind before the vnnd . and immedmtcly _ 8 unk . The
perkhingerew , at the utmost strength ot their voices , raised ono general cry to the barque for assistance . The mate , throwing off his boots and clothes , jumped into the sea , and swam away in hopes of being picked np by thc barque , and fearingthe vortex would carry turndown ! At ihe same moment the remainder of the crew , five in number , with the _greatest perseverance and presence of mind , reached their boat , which was secured on the hatches , and with avery small pocketknife succeeded in cutting through the lashings just at the-very instant the vessel sunk from under their feet . The plugs being both out , two of the men thrust their thumbs into the plug-holes , and partly prevented ihe water from rushing in , while the three other people were engaged extricating the boat from
the entanglement ofthe vessel ' s sails and rigging as me sunk to rise no more . This was a work of great difficulty , as the boat got between the shrouds and the mast . ___ The boat being clear , their attention was instantly directed to the drowning mate : they found lum nearly exhausted , and straggling with the waves among & number of loose articles that floated from the wreck , and hastily polling Mm into the boat , they immediately followed the destructive barque , rowing with two oars double-banked all the time , as from tiie first moment ofthe collision , halloing and calling Tociferously for assistance ; but the ears of the merciless master and the crew , although long within
hail and sight , were alike deaf tothe cries of distress . The miscreants shivered their sails for afew minutes , When , seeing the boat approach them , and detection certain , they in the most ruthless manner filled their sails and proceeded on their course , without lowering a boat or making the slightest effort to save the Unhappy crew . The Ill-fated crew rowed all the night as near as they could judge toward shore , with a sea running that frequentl y threatened to fill the boat , until nine _a-m ., Vhen Hiey were picked up by the smack Britannia , " of Weymouth , James Moore , master , by whom they were very kindly treated , and safely landed at Wevmouth . —Kentish Gazette .
Fjlfxl SmpwEECK . —The * American bri g Gazelle , Captain Philhrook , from Bangor , United States , bound to Port-au-Prince , was capsized in lat . 30 , long . 6 J , on the morning of December 12 , while lying-to in a gale of wind . She immediately filled with water , turned bottom up , but soon righted again , with the loss of three men . The decks were swept of everything moveable , and the bulwarks gone . The rest of the crew stuck to the wreck , on which , they remained twenty-four days , daring which time their sufferings from the absence of water were intense . No less than nine vessels passed them during this period , without affording the least relief . Two men were stationed on the rigging constantly making signals of distress . Ontheilltli dav ' a piece of canvas was
affixed to the mainmast , which was intended to serve as a bucket to catch what rain water might run down flie mast . The only provisions were a few beef bones _uJporir . _tiiiJs . On ihe otfi or tne present month file American ship Tamerlane , Captain Theobald , from Savannah , bound to Liverpool , hove in sight , bore down , and took off the famished wretches , and brought them to this port At the time of their "rescue , almost every inch of clothing had disappeared from their backs—their frocks being theonly covering . Their bodies resembled in _eoldui * and appearance marble statues rather than those of living men . Nothing , according tothe statement ofthe survivors ,
could exceed the kindness of the good Captain Theobald . He caused their bodies to be nibbed Avith camphorated spirits ; he fed them sparingly at first , and only allowed theni a pint of water daily until they began to improve under his hands , when he gave them a more generous diet . Our excellent townsman , Charles Ware , who has always a hand open as melting charity for merit , in whatever shape he fin d * it , has opened a subscription at his office , Waterloo-road , for the relief ofthe unfortunate Captain Philbrook . The amount already exceeds £ 25 , and jt promises to be more substantial . It ought to be SQ . _^ -Uverpool Chronicle of Saturday .
Horbioaxe is the _JmEmrEBRAx-sAX . —The Journal des Debate publishes ihe following extract from a letter dated Hyeres ; - _^ _- ' '_ A most violent bumcane burst over the harbour of llye _??! during the night of tiie 14 th . inst . Of fifty snips _anftlior-jH in the port every one experienced serious injury . " The same journal states that the violent south winds wLieli nave prevailed for some time have caused considerable damage to the port of Toulon . The jetty at Castsgneau has been thrown into the sea , its quays much injured , and a battery of four pieces of cannon entirely demolished . Aletter dated Cette , lGtliult _., published in the Journal des Debuts , contains the
following statement : — "About ten o ' clock this morning , t iie sun _shimng brightly , a terrific phenomenon made its appearance . A meteor having the appearance of a star , shining in the midst of the heavens and flying in the direction from north to west , de-Eeribedinits rapid course a segment of a luminous inrele . Having reached the limit of the horizon the meteor terminated in the form of a pear , and then its brightness assumed an unearthly appearance . The _tase was fringed with small globes of a silvery white , and contrasted in a striking manner with die species of tube formed by the flaming train , which was ofthe brightest red . "
Storm at _Ltvebpool . —Moxdat . _- —We were visited on Saturday night , and almost without intermission until an advanced horn * yesterday morning , with a dreadful gale from the north-west , Hie violence of which , as it hoivled along the streets , strongly reminded us of the memorable storm in January , 1839 . The damage in Liverpool has been , comparatively speaking , of trifling extent , the vessels in port having ridden out the gale gallantly . Several of those in the Prince ' s and George ' s docks have been chafed and otherwise slightly injured , but , with this exception , they have escaped without damage . In the town a " small building , used as a blacksmith ' s shop , in Parliament-street , opposite St . Barnabas' Church , was
_jbjpwndown , a large wooden paling , erected in the yard of the Fever Hospital , Mount-pleasant , was carried away , and sundry slates and " chimney tops were conveyed to considerable distances by the impetuosity of the gale . But , if we have escaped so fortunately here , we fear that the accounts this week will convey melancholy intelligence of the loss of life and property in the Channel and along the coast . As yet we have only heard of the loss of one vessel , the -Manchester , of London , Hall master , which sailed from Liverpool for Calcutta on Saturday last , with a general cargo , and went down on Holy-bank . The following letter on the subject was posted in the _XJndereriters ' -rooms yesterday : —
Sunday morning , half-past Ten . Sir , —About half-past eight a . m ., I observed a vessel coming on shore on "West Boyle . I immediatel y ordered tne life-boat out and to proceed to Old Hoyle . At this time a boat left the -vessel and reached the Old Hoyle with all her crew , thirteen in number , and , with the exception of the lad and two others , all are coming round ; and every attention is paid to the above three , who , I have no doubt , in a few hours wfll be better . The vessel is the Manchester , of London , Captain Hall , bound to Calcutta ; general cargo . She is on fhe N _. _ff . W , point of the bank , and is going fast on her beam-ends . In haste , lam , sir , your most obedient servant , B . SHERWOOD .
Prom subsequent telegraphic communications , it appeared that . tiie barque capsized and disappeared at 9 a . m ., and that the whole of the crew were landed safely on East Hoyle by the Holylake life-boat . The Liverpool life-boat went out to render assistance , but Dy the time -she had arrived the vessel had sunk , and the crew were saved . The Manchester was a fine "new barque . Two other vessels sailed with the Manchesteron Saturday—the Ixrchinvar , for New Orleans and the Valparaiso , for Valparaiso . Both have since returned to Liverpool . Testerday morning , some "time after she was due , the Iron Duke stea mer arrived from Dublin . ___ She experienced a dreadful night , and during the height of thc gale one ofher paddles sustained some injury , and one of the sailors on board
_nad ins leg broken . Ihe Maggie , of London , came up the Mersey last evening , with loss of her maintopmast and both her anchors and cables , and with some injury to her stern . On Saturday evening the Athlone steamer sailed for Belfast , and had amongst her passengers the celebrated pianist , M . Thalber » , and the equally celebrated vocalists , Miss Birch , Miss Dolby , Mr . John Parry , and Mr . Calkin . Miss Birch ' s mother , and Mr . Calcott , the manager of the musical company , were also on board . The party lad performed at two grand concerts in Liverpool , the second of which came off on Saturday morning and were proceeding to Belfast for the purpose of performing at a concert ofthe PHlharmonic _Society of that town to-night . About five o'clock last evening the Athlone returned to Liverpool , and immediately
after M . Thalberg and Ms friends drove to the Adel Ehi Hotel , where they described the sufferings they ad undergone during the night as being of the most Painful -natare . It appears that they had succeeded in steaming in the teeth of the gale as far as the Me of Man , but that they found it impossible to proceed further , and for four hours the captain considered the safety of the vessel in imminent periL The party seemed to Lave given up allhopes of ever seeing land again , and expected every moment to go to the _T » ttom . Their joy at reaching their comfortable quarters in the Adelphi Hotel last night was unbounded . Thejr congratulated each other on their truly providential escape , and immediately despatched letters to their friends in London and on the continent , to ac-• anamtthem of their safety . Theyhave , ferthepreseni ,, we understand , given up their intention of _visitins Ireland .
Shipping Intelligence. A Vessel Kra Dowx...
_SHrewBBCK . * -ThebrieP _^ Bm _* nfl . Liverpool , 296 tons register , from _^ t . .-f etereburgh to Liverpool , with a cargo of deals , sailed -from _Rathmnllan , in Lowh Swilly , at an early hour on Thursday morning iast , ° in , as her crew supposed , a sea-worthy Btate . " Shortly after sailing she encountered very strong gales from the south-west ; and the ship labouring heavily , at two P . M ., every effort was made to reach Lockindall , the nearest port , in order to save their lives and the ship , but all the attempts of the crew proved fruitless , and at four o ' clock p . m . the vessel was struck with a tremendous sea , and immediately went on her beam-ends , thc captain at this time being washed overboard . The crew lashed themselves to the main chains , and remained in this perilous condition on the wreck , nearly dead from cold and exhaustion , till they were picked up by the crew of the Perseverance , of Dumfries , John M'Gee master and owner , when they were taken on board his vessel , and landed safely by him in this city yesterday . Great praise is due to Captain M'Gee for his exertions , at the risk of his ownjfife and that of his crew , in rescuing ten fellow-creatures from a watery grave . The erew of the Robert Burns have been saved , but the
captain perished . —Derry Sentinel . Dover , Jax . 27 . —On Sunday we were visited by a very heavy sea , and strong wind from the north-west , amounting to a gale , which continued throughout the day . The passage to the Continent has not been stopped , but the vessels have been longer on their voyage . Her Majesty's packet the Dover , arrived from Calais , after a boisterous trip , in five hours ; and her Majesty ' s packet the Widgeon did not arrive till two o ' clock on Monday morning , having been twelve hours on her passage . Towards midmght , the time of high water , the _4 ide increased wonderfully , so much so that the piers and quays were all inundated , and by the violence of thc sea in the inner harbour , part of the new quay in the pent , which is entirely stonewas washed downand the Lord Sidmouth , a
, , large vessel , was carried into the interior of the place , where the _extensive improvements are going on for the enlargement of the harbour . There were about twenty-six feet water flowed , being eight feet more than the ordinary spring tides . It is about eight -vears since we had anything like the present . The Dover Telegraph office , and the houses in Snargatestreet , had several inches deep of water in them . A large brig , name unknown , passed this port in the afternoon , with loss of mainmast . The weather todav { Monday ) still continues -stormy , accompanied byhail and snow . The City of London arrived from Boulogne this afternoon , bringing several passengers , in about three hours ; and , by information received on board , it is said that the weather in Boulogne was extremely boisterous .
Toulok , Jan . 22 . —The steam-frigate Oronoque , Captain Poudra , anchored in the roads this afternoon , from Algiers , which place she quitted on the 19 th , having on board a regiment ofthe line . On the 20 th , the wind blowing a hurricane , and the sea running high , several ofthe soldiers sought refuge close to the case ofthe paddle wheels . This being perceived by the captain , orders were given for all the passengers to retire from the deck ; unfortunately , before he could be obeyed , a wave struck the starboard side of the vessel and washed overboard four soldiers , who were returning to their homes , having served their time in Africa . At the moment ofthe accident the Oronoque was going ten knots an hour .
Feab.Gus O'Connor And Dr. M'Douall.
FEAB . GUS O'CONNOR AND DR . M'DOUALL .
Dear Sir,—I Was Deputed By The Council A...
Dear Sir , —I was deputed by the Council at Carpenters ' HaU to see Dr . il'Douall after his lecture on Monday night , to ascertain when he would be able to meet you . His answer to me was , that he did not know what he had to meet you about . I told him to meet the charges he had seen in-your letter in the Star , He said , "I understand all abont them ; I'll make Feargus prove that I am in the pay . of the League , as he said I was . " I pressed him to say whether he intended to meet you , or not ; and his answer was , " I _tvUl send the Council a letter in two or three days . " I then informed him that his expenses should be paid by the Council . The Council hare resolved that the case shall be heard on Sunday , the 9 th of February . It is requested by the Council that _thisletter be inserted in the Star of Saturday next . I remain , yours , John Suits . Manchester , January 28 , 1845 .
The Northern Star Saturday, February 1, 1815.
THE NORTHERN STAR _SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 1 , 1815 .
Ministerial Changes. The Times Of Thursd...
MINISTERIAL CHANGES . The Times of Thursday has the following . We give it here without comment : — Although several important changes in the present Administration have , for some time past , been much discussed and confidently anticipated , the appointments which are at this time understood to be determined on , and still more the secession from the Government of one of its most active and intelligent members , are for the most part unexpected by the public . Of these occurrences the most unforeseen and significant is the resignation and retirement of the President of the Board of Trade . Mr . Gladstone ' s name has been connected , from the moment of his first appearance in the world , with opinions of a
very decided character on several very highly important questions wliich have no reference whatever to his particular duties as the commercial Minister of the British empire _, liut these speculative opinions are reported to have divided the hon . gentleman from his colleagues on some of the most important matters likely to be brought before Parliament ; and we hope we may infer that those measures will prove to be of such moment to the welfare ofthe United Kingdom , and especiaUy to the tranquillity of the most agitated portion of it , " . that they _tvill afford a sufficient compensation for the loss of so active a public servant as 3 fr . Gladstone . The vacancy thus arising at the head of the Board of Trade will be iUIed by Lord _Balhousie , now the Vice-President of that department , but without a seat in the Cabinet . Mr . Cardwell , the member for Clitheroe , is named as the successor of Lord Dalhousie in ) the Vice . Presidency of the Board of Trade—an office which is
usually accompanied with a seat in the Privy Council . The vacancy occasioned by the resignation ofthe Secretaryship of Ireland by the present Lord St . . Germans , upon the death offals father , and his consequent accession tothe peerage , will be filled by Sir _ThomBS _Fren-tantle . who succeeded Sir Henry _Hsrdin ™ ! 2 St spring as Secrel tery at "War . Mr . Sydney Herbert takes the War-office , with a seat in the Cabinet ; and the Earl of Lincoln also enters the Cabinet , retaining his present office at the Board of Woods and Forests . The retirement of Sir John Barrow , and the promotion of Mr . Sydney Herbert , leave both the Secretaryships of the Admiralty at . the disposal of the Government ; and we trust they will be filled in such a manner as to meet all the claims of that most important department , and to deserve the confidence of the country . Mr . Corry has been mentioned as Mr . Sydney Herbert's successor .
The Standard ofthe same day ( Thursday ) has the following : — _Pboji a Cobrespom > e _* _vt . —TTe understand that the report of the Ministerial changes announced in the Times this morning is , to say the least , premature . Mr . Gladstone , whatever may be his intention , has not yet resigned office . There is , however , no doubt hut that Sir Thomas Fremantle succeeds Lord Eliot ( Earl St . Germans ) in the important office of Chief Secretary of Ireland . No doubt the " correspondent" knows all about the matter ; and he does not contradict the statement oi the Times as to the "intention" of Mr . Gladstone to
retire . The Times , therefore , " speaks by the book , " as may be gathered from the following announcement by the Standard itself : — _TVehave reason to believe that , although itis highly probable that the abilities and services of Mr . Cardwell will be secured for the Government in some appointment of importance , yet the announcement that Mr . Cardwell is destined for the Vice-Presidency of the Board of Trade is at least premature .
The Trades Conference. The Trades Having...
THE TRADES CONFERENCE . The Trades having selected a period of comparative " prosperity" as the time for holding a Conference , wherein the several matters interesting to their body can be discussed , have at least purged their proceedings of all suspicion that hunger alone can move the Working Classes . True , when the people were poor and hungered , Chartism was described as " the howl of the hungry . " We never denied the assertion ; but , on th « contrary , admitted that social suffering and inequality always led to political discussion . And
out of those discussions has arisen a principle , the justice of which is so strongly impressed upon the national mind , that we have now no reason to quarrel either with the past suffering or with those who characterised our movement as a hungry howl . Satisfied then , aa we were , even with a bad state of things that induced thought and discussion which led to the almost universal adoption of a great principle , we are much better satisfied with the prospect of forthcoming events , which are not shadowed forth in squalid wretchedness and misery .
The "howl of the hungry" for food is a dangerous assailant : but may be met by the crushing force of organised authority , to the total subversion of the •" ordinary law . " When what is called a " mob , " clamours for food , and assumes a threatening-aspect , the " necessity" for instant suppression binds every faction in the State together : and under their combined influence , striking examples and prompt barbarity are represented as the perfection of humanity . The inevitable tendency of sueh a reverse is to dispirit , weaken , convulse and ultimately destroy the Movement Party . On theotherhand , men who leave their homes in obedience to the summons of their fellows in times of comparative " prosperity , " with
The Trades Conference. The Trades Having...
the view of maturely considering how , without recourse to violence or even declamation , they may present a sufficient amount of combined knowledge and power to insure their fair share of the growing " prosperity" ofthe country , must be regarded by all parties in the State as the representative power of the republic of Labour , met to devise means for carrying into effect what the legislature itself has characterised as just , but what its ignorance of all the ramifications of industry could not reduce to practice .
We cannot , then , contemplate a more interesting spectacle than such an assemblage as tne fortncoming Conference shadows to the imagination . The various assaults recently made by Government and Capitalists on the rights of Labour , could not possibly fail to produce some opposition to the lewd and reckless course of the protected oppressor ; while . the sluggish motion of a sluggish body has been-quickcnedinto activity by the complete failure of all its past skirmishes ; with a too powerful , because
thoroughly united foe . To censure sueh a project openly , would be to court unpopularity and create suspicion : and , therefore , many who woidd gladly avert the threatened danger to monopoly , secretly ask " _towftateiuithisConferenceisneeded ? " "Why disturb the public mind in the moment of ' prosperous' calm , when all are in full work and at good wage ? " " The Conference is premature , " saith another . " And why not wait till Government has manifested some further hostile intention ? " chimes
in a third ; and " It is a purely Chartist move , " roars out a fourth . Now , in answer to these several speculative inquiries , and commencing with the first , we presume that the end contemplated is the establishment of some defined plan of operation , by which the industrious classes of this country shall be put in possession , not of a mere existence-standard of wage , based upon the calculation as to the smallest amount upon , which peace and slavish labour can be preserved , but of , their pull share of that vast amount of national " prosperity " created and daily augmented by their industry ; that the industrious alone shall not be the only sufferers from the caprice and speculations of others : to the end that the man who labours hardly
and honestly shall have the same prospect as his employer of one day retiring to a sweeter refuge than that seasoned with workhouse austerity . To the second we answer , that the moment of " prosperous " calm is not only the period , but is the only period , at wliich the philosophy of industry can be brought to hear against the _audacits of wealth . The arguments coming from such a body , and at such a time , will carry with them the weight and importance of reflection , resolution , and self-esteem ; while to wait for the moment of adversity would give to the movement a character of tobulence . recklessness , and
declamation . Manufacturers are " prosperous" —landlords are " prosperous "— the Church is " prosperous" — all Classes of Capitalists are " prosperous ; " and they each use their " prosperity" to force additional security for then ? respective orders from the Prime Minister . Why , then , should not those who are told to "follow the example of their super iors , " look upon the period of " prosperity" as the time calculated to give most weight to their proceedings . Moreover , the Trades , schooled in adversity , have learned to distinguish between permanent comfort
and mere casual relief . They know that the passing gleam of " prosperity" may quickly change into the dark cloud of adversity . Tothe third objection we answer , that the Conference ie not premature . Better in such cases to be a year , or even two years before the time , than one day " after the fair ! " True , the awe inspired in the Government by the very shadow of such a following substance may cause the Home Secretary to postpone or altogether forego his evil intentions , and then the Conference , as far as Government is concerned , will have secured prevention , instead of waiting to administer the cure .
Government is secret in its councils , and rapid in its execution ; and if apprised of the intention of the Trades to wait for the first manifestation of hostilities , the more active assailants would surprise the more sluggish enemy , and laugh their best endeavours to scorn . Moreover , as Mi . Dmmr has well laid it down in his letter , the Trades have more to apprehend from the assaults of griping Capitalists , than even from the machinations of Governments . " To
be forewarned is to be forearmed ; " and hence we aver that the present is the fitting time for action . To the fourth objection we answer , it is not a Chartist move , further than the impossibility of separating the principles of justice from the rights of Labour . This is a bugaboo , always paraded , and not unfrequently successfully , to scare the timid from the performance of their own work . The Colliers' strike was not a Chartist movement ; nor did any speaker on the platform ever attempt to mix up the two questions :
but the several delegates who assembled in London and elsewhere , were proud to bear honourable testi mony to the valuable support they received from thc Chartist body . The recent" strike of the Building Trades in Manchester was not a Chartist movement ; and yet the Chartists were foremost in the battle of right _SSSMlst _Slight ! Jndecd . although charged with the crime of "obstruction , " we may proudly assert , that while Chartism has and ever will " obstruct" all
humbugs , yet has it never , by * an indiscreet use of its power , extended injudicious aid to an section , of labour struggling for its rights . The Trades will find Chartism , as all others seeking for their rights have found it , —a zealous co-operator , a steady friend , and uncompromising advocate . In fact , Chartism is a terror to the evil-doer , and a tower of strength to the righteous . So far we have stripped this magnificent national figure of thc old bugabooism—Chartism . And now we would advert to those subjects which must be eventually _diseussed and legislated on by the Trades .
Firstly , the question of restriction ; and how far , if there are three hundred persons in one trade earning a certain amount of wage for'twelve hours' labour per day , and one hundred become " surplus , " either by the application of machinery , foreign competition , or slackness in trade ; how , in such case , a restriction of the hours of labour to eight hours , instead of twelve , shall turn the idle " surplus" into active labourers , and still preserve the same amount of wage—not the same amount that the two hundred received to be divided amongst the three hundred ; but the same amount of wage for each of the three hundred for
eight hours' work that each of the three hundred received for the twelve hours' work . This question of restriction is one—is the one—upon which the most interested discussion will take place : and for this reason ; in many trades , where there is no great " surplus , " the false notion will be entertained that a restriction of labour in such cases must result in a reduction of wages . It is , in truth , from such feelings that our only doubts arise : from the apprehension that much personal interest , or even sectional interest , may be mixed np with the general question of the labourer ' s fair share of national wealth , and national improvement .
If , however , we start difficulties , we strengthen the necessity for a Conference of those who will better understand them than ourselves , and aro therefore more capable of adjusting them . Another question will be , the best mode of relieving those in full employment from the competition of an unemployed " surplus , " or of the necessity of so far supporting them in idleness , as to guard against their competition . Now these two questions of " restriction" and " surplus" are those which must be promptly met and vigorously dealt with by the Trades of this country . If such a
channel can be opened for the " surplus '' of each trade as will relieve the employed from their competition , the principle of restriction , mainly superinduced by the necessity of supplying work for the unemployed , may then assume the character of positive good , instead of , as now , of negative evil . If the " surplus" were provided for , the employed would not then be compelled to resort to restriction to protect themselves against competition ; but in such case they may use restriction as a means of balancing ac . counts between employer and employed . Thus : they may establish the day ' s labour at the number of
The Trades Conference. The Trades Having...
hours that circumstances justly warrant , whether times be brisk or times be slack ; and then , without further interference of the body , each man wishing to work beyond the legitimate day may do so , and receive the advantage liimself , instead of being compelled to give it for the support of a competitive idle reserve . The Trades will at ence see , then , that the question of providing for the " surplus" is in reality the all-absorbing consideration that should interest them . Not the providing for the " surplus" out of
the wages of the employed , which would be most unjust ; but to open and protect such new field for industry as may be opened out for all that are disinherited by the present system . So delicate are we of introducing what the enemies of Labour may be pleased to denominate our '' peculiar crotchet , " that we shall content ourselves withmerely arousing thought , to the end that it may be directed to the proper point ; as doubtless , tract upon tract , essay upon essay , and pamphlet upon pamphlet , will be written for the guidance and mystification of the assembled delegates .
The next point , and what has hitherto appeared of surpassinginterest to the body , will doubtless be the mode by which the strike of one trade , if justifiable , shall be sustained , not by the individual trade , but by the whole national body . The question of " surplus , " if satisfactorily arranged , may render even discussion upon the latter point altogether unnecessary . Such we trust will be the case ; because after long and anxious consideration , we have come to the conclusion that the details to work out this latter
principle would be complicated , always unsatisfactory , never truly applicable , and leading to those eternal squabbles , wliich sooner or later would perhaps end in the destruction of that kindly feeling which now so eheeringly manifests itself among the body . We do not say that the Building trades , the Iron trades , the Manufacturing operatives , the Potters , and all those consisting of different branches dependant upon each other , and assimilated in interest , may not adopt the plan of associated protection _aganist individual injustice . However , the point is one of such complexity and nicety , that the Trades should bestir themselves in time to deliberate upon and discuss it , together with the several other questions likely to be submitted to their deliberation .
Regardless ofthe taunts of interested factions , we shall take care to lay our thoughts before the body . They may deal with our suggestions as they see fitting . The only share that we shall claim in that glorious victory that must result from theirperfect combination is , that we have done all in our power to aid and facilitate , and nothing to retard or complicate , the project . We feci assured that the follovring communication upon the subject will be hailed with enthusiasm and delight : —
" At a delegate meeting of Miners , held at Bacup , on Monday last , it was unanimously resolved , that Mr . John Berry should be in London on Saturday , the 1 st of February , to attemfthe tea party in honour of Labour ' s Champion , T . S . Duncombe , Esq ., on Monday next , and to remain there to aid the Trades delegates in maturing their plan for a National Conference , when three , or twelve delegates , if necessary , shall be sent to represent the Miners' body ; as they hail the projected movement as one pre-eminently calculated to insure for the industrious of all classes that share of the country ' s ' prosperity' to which they are pre-eminently entitled . "
Resolved as we were to abstain from any comment on the comparative merits of the several Trades , we had , however , a lurking notion that the Miners' attorney-general and his underground strugglers would be the first among the foremost to join in a social struggle for those social advantages to which they justly think they are My entitled Hero , then , is the unquiet underground rumble , spreading _oveilih _© face of the earth , demanding justice for all ; and we
are not sorry that our old and dear friends tho Miners , have been the first to flash light upon the benighted surface . To the Miners we say , " Well done , good and faithful men , ; " and to all others we Say , " Go , and do likewise . '' ' The result of proper exertions will be a happy land from an aggregate of happy homes—peace through prosperityprosperity through industry —and contentment through the administration of justice .
The Crash. From The Moment That Our Repr...
THE CRASH . From the moment that our representative system was remodelled to suit the growing genius of a people who had progressed beyond all others in the art of wealth-creating , it was easy to foresee that exclusion from political power would lead to open rup .-ture between represented idlers and unrepresented slaves . The true and veritable meaning of Reform was the just and convenient distribution and proper application of the newly-created property of the
country to its legitimate purposes ; and had such an intention manifested itself in the acts of those who acquired power through popular confidence and fury , the people , ever patient under suffering , would have rested satisfied with such progressive improvements as were warranted by prudence , by circumstances , or even b y a timid caution , They would , in fact , have resisted any violent change calculated to unsettle that state of things in which they saw their own interests , rights , and privileges , even faintly recognised .
The non-adoption , therefore , of a timely soothing policy has converted political rancour into social ferocity , and we behold , as it were , not only a house divided against itself , but every section ofthe household in open rupture , the one with the other , each struggling to hold its position , or to break that fall threatened by its own intemperance . Everything we see , everything we hear , everything that we read of , presents to the eye and to reflection the elements of a struggle , the result of which ,
" Come it slow or eome it fast' "must produce such a change as no country has ever yet witnessed . We have observed , andthe Times has strengthened the justice of our conclusion , that the present period of calm " prosperity" furnishes our cautious Minister with incalculable advantages , and may enable him , unheeded , _unintei-rupted , and unchecked , to pass measures which , under contrary circumstances , would not be tolerated . Had the present schism in the rival churches of Ireland—the suspicions of the landlords of both countries—the deadly warfare raging in the bosom of our State
Church at home—the increasing cupidity of our capitalists—the hostility of our landlords to a property tax—the aversion of our traders and shopkeepers to anincometax—co-existed with that national d & _content which preceded the present " prosperity "—the internal divisions of faction would have insured an easy triumph to thc Working Classes : and , therefore , we must presume that their present contentment is relied ou as the most fitting time to adjust the party squabbles of the higher classes . Those who would found their opinion of Ministerial strength upon more English questions , or English " prosperity , " are but
naiTOW-minded politicians . Every great change that has been effected in the policy of our rulers has been forced upon them either from abroad or from without : from abroad , by the extension of Democratic principles ; or from without , by the effect Which foreign circumstances have had upon the national mind . Hence we have seen a tyrant Monarch and a slavish Cabinet humbled by the declaration of American independence ; we have seen the loss of Ireland threatened , and all but effected , by the French revolution ; and we have seen "Reform , ' " though resisted for nearl y half a century , carried by what is called the " three glorious days" of July 1830 !
Judging , then , from tho past , we must take the present stateof America ; the present position of _Guizoi , the slavish Minister of a wily Monarch , who holds his crown upon the continuance of European peace , however ignominiously purchased ; we must include the hemmed-in position of his Holiness the Pope , who would extend his circle of dominion , by narrowing , contracting , and enslaving the minds ofthe Irish Oiitholies : nor can we , in our catalogue of Minis " terial difficulties , omit the impregnable position assumed by the Irish people : a position of masterly hostility to tall the powers at the disposal of the
.. _ .., _.....-,,.: _...-,. _ _.......... _.-. _--.. _^ _British ''' _^^^' j _^^ im _^^^^ _\ _WSti _\} Sh \ upon , the commercial confidence , restored by the prime book-keeper of England . The , landlords tole rate him as an agricultural steward , lest his successor may be worse than himself ; while the " noble army of martyrs , " preferring "half a loaf" to no bread , look upon hini as a choice of evils : and backed as he is by the sycophantic supporters of "things as they are , " he might yet waddle through all the intricacies of domestic faction , but for the threatening aspect of foreign affairs .
The election of President Polk was but the foretaste of that anti-English policy now manifesting itself in American councils ; while the virtual defeat of Guizot in the Chamber of Deputies on the question of compensation to the missionary bagman , Mr . Pritciiard , is calculated in its consequences to destroy the amicable Royal feeling between our Queen and the "Kingof the Barricade ; " an alliance on which the peace of Europe was said to depend : and should the restoration of the Thiers party be the ultimate result of Guizot ' _s defeat , there is little doubt that that anti-English feeling , so strongly manifested of
late , will but add new perplexities to the policy of our commercial Prime Minister . To all these foreign omens the resignation of the Right Honourable Mr Gladstone , superinduced no doubt by the anti-Catholic policy about to be attempted by Sir Robert Peel for the tranquillization of Ireland , and a fabguess may be made from foreign omens and domestic signs , at the sessional labour cut out for Sir Robert . The hope that the simultaneous extension of railroads in France , England , and Ireland , and the consequent employment of the Working Classes , however it may quiet thc turbulent spirit of Englishmen and Irishmen , will fail of producing a similar effect
upon the excitable elements of French society ; and therefore do we look with surpassing interest to the foreign omens as signs of domestic change . Before we again appear in print we shall have had an opportunity of judging the effect produced by the threatening appearance of foreign affairs onthe mind (!) of "Her Majesty j" or at least upon the minds ofher Ministers : From that , however cautiously the truth maybe veiled , we may gather something of ministerial foreboding ; while , for the reasons we have assigned , we may anticipate a sudden burst of those warning elements , to control which Sir Robert Peel mil require tho use of even more than his ordinary caution .
O'Connell And The Pope. Ikterested, As E...
O'CONNELL AND THE POPE . Ikterested , as every lover of liberty must be , in the pending straggle between O'Connell and his Holiness the Pope , we look with delight upon every accession of strength achieved by Mr . O'Connell to aid him in the suppression of Ecclesiastical intolerance : and therefore we have printed at length the able _letter of his Grace the Catholic Archbishop of Tcam , to Sir Robert Peel . In truth , pride , if not duty , would induce us to take this course , because we find that Dr . M'Hale has taken the very same view of Sir Robert's policy that we ventured to ascribe to it on the first appearance of his Holiness ' s rescript .
The Times designates the letter of Dr . M'Hale as a "simple declamation , " without argument or point , while our contemporary , at the same time , labours industriousIy , ; but Ineffectually , to meet his Grace ' s charge by a " counter-thrust . " Dr . M'Hale traces the immorality of society in general to the contamination of a church whose clergy owe their aU to the countenance of the State . To these , the Times replies , that the barbarous murders committed in Ireland , if not sanctioned by the Roman Catholic priesthood , are at least tolerated , because not prevented . Tliis , in our opinion , is expecting too much from outlawed " surpliced ruffians ; " and too _littVvftoiu the spang arm , of that law which is the right arm of the State _Ohm-cL We have before
asserted , and we now repeat it , that nearly every act of barbarism ' perpetrated by the Irish people is a consequence of oppression and misrule , and not a Characteristic of the [ Irish people ; oppression and misrule which toay be dated from the hour when a polluted State Church was " established by law , " and allowed to draw its resources from a hostile people , over whom it had achieved a sacrilegeous triumph . And it is now rather too great a draw on the patience and subserviency of the Roman Catholic priesthood , to expect that they should act the part of " goodnatured tranquillizers" of .. those ' irritated feelings concentrated by centuries of State Church oppresl sion .
The bold , the manly , and the truly Catholic pos | tion assumed by Dr . M'Haile , however the Times may sneer at his reasoning , is likely to have its due weight on th _' e Catholic mind of Ireland ; for already we leam that the chapels of Archbishop Crolly , Archbishop Murray , and Dr . Denvier , the three bishops " bequeathed" to the E nglish Minister , have become vacant , while the flocks have refused any portion of their fleece for the sustenance of their shepherds . Could any circumstance impart a stronger respect for the principle of popular election , or at all events of popular control ? A control in which the English Minister sees danger , and to possess himself of wliich is the ultimate aim and object of those tinselled honours whicli he would now , through policy , confer upon the Catholic hierarchy of Ireland .
So long as the Catholic priesthood of Ireland depend for sustenance upon the wholesome vigilant control of those to whose protection they are appointed , so long will , their church stand all the attacks of foreign and domestic foes : but the moment that control is transferred to a political Prime Minister , that moment must every vestige ofher former struggles and triumphs be buried under its own ruins . Having recognised the titles of the Irish hierarchy , we have very little doubt that the next step will be to introduce them , thus tinselled with the trimmings of Ministerial debauchery , to the House of Peers , thero
to sit in conclave with their State Church brethren , in order that the present controversy may be transferred from the wide world of jealous watchfulness to the navrowersphere of apostolic reasoning , in thc hope of eliciting Ministerial dogmas capable of producing due effect upon English No-Popery feeling . Pending this schism in the Catholic Church of Ireland , the Protestant parsons , acting upon Mr . O'Connell _' s policy of making Ministerial weakness subservient to Irish purposes , have , with characteristic effrontery , arrayed themselves in open hostility to the principle of National
Education ; declaring , with the coolest audacity , that teaching and education should come from what they are pleased to term the " National " Church of Ireland ; thereby meaning the Church of the Twentieth of the population , receiving nearly two millions annually from the sweat of the Catholic people . The " noble army of martyrs" in the diocese of Ardagh have been the last to pronounce against the " national system ; " and aa the devi _* quotes scripture when it serves his purposes , to avoid
all charge of selfish interestedness , the " defenders of the faith , " and so forth , have ventured on the selection of some verses from Deuteronomy to aid them in their opposition . We trust that we shall not be deemed " heretical" if we take the whole of the injunctions contained in the chapters from which they had selected then' " exclusive title , " in order to expose the convenient and interested interpretation put even upon Holy Writ , when State Church puiposes are to be served .
_The-title upon which the Ardagh parsons would establish the exclusive rights of the Church to teach , are selected from the fourth chap , of Deut ., 0 th and llth verses , the sixth chap , and 7 th verse . Let us see what those verses really ' are , and whether or not there was any other condition annexed to this exclusive right . The 9 th verse says , " Only take heed to thyself , and keep thy soul diligently , lest thou forget the things which thine eyes have seenand lest they depart from thine heart all the days of thy life ; hut teach them , thy sons , and thy sons - sons . "—
llth verse—And ye came near and stood under the mountain ; and the mountain burned with fire unto the midst of heaven , with darkness , _clouds , and thick darkness .
O'Connell And The Pope. Ikterested, As E...
'The 7 th verse ofthe sixth chapter , saya And thou shalt . teach them diligentl y unto ft dren , and shalt talk of them when thou sittest _?^' house , and when thou walkest by the way . _^ _**' _-e Now we would ask the Ardagh parsons eve mitting the rights of Irishmen to have been as " _^* defined and protected as those of the _chii-w _^ Israel were in obedience to the promised injuncti _^ which meant nothing more than observance of _«?' ten commandments , where in the above verses th can discover their title to the exclusive right of 7 ministering National Education ? _* " * Moses , in the first verse ofthe fourth chapter f n developes the covenant and the conditions ' ,, _' which the people of Israel were exhorted to ohe _^ l _^ First verse : — _€ _' , -. ¦ IHU _» ml .-iw » i « i « r . t \\ , r . _*\ .. _l \ . -1 i --.
Now therefore hearken , O Israel , unto the statu and unto the judgments wliich 1 teach you , for t 0 i them , that you may live , and go in and POSSESS _t- _?« LAND WHICH THE _LOltD GOD OF YOUlt _FiTBPi ? GIVETH YOU . ' _^ In speaking generally ofthe necessity to _obcytL " statutes and judgments" upon the observan ce which the people webe io possess tue laud , anj which we find is in the eighth verse , the one above _, that relied upon by the Ardagh parsons , we find ; . thus written : — And what nation is there so great , that hath statu * . and judgments so righteous as all this _laiv wliich _l _tj , before you this day .
Now then , we ask the meek and mild followers < _n Christ , whether they are prepared to be bound as wel [ by the " righteous statutes and judgments" herein referred to , as by the "injunctions" to teach _obct ence to thoir sons , and their sons' sons at their _sittiij and their uprising ? Is it not truly ludicrous at " farcical , in this age of enlightenment , to see a sen , ' huxtering _biblicais ransacking the Bible for " corn *} stones " whereon to build a new title for the _propajj . tion of those feuds and dissensions by which _tkhope , for yet a little longer , to prop the tottcri . edifice into which their own obscenity has _commiui .
cated the dry rot . If they ivill give us the LA ? _fJ with the " righteous statutes and judgments , " tig will allow them to " teach their sons , and their _soig sons , " a perfect observance of those commandments which they violate , sitting , standing , rising , and lying But we are not prepared to allow them to _preati " passive obedience " and " non-resistance " to th ose statutes wliich rob the people of the Land , and cot . fer its produce upon State Church parsons .
While this double-edged sword is drawn against the Prime Minister in Ireland , the Bishop of Exbies never behind-hand in administoriiig fuel to tte Church flame , promises his share of confusion to add tothe already untranquillizedstate of mother Churchand our only hope is , that the exposures shall be _fufy complete , and searching to the end , that out of evil good may come ; and that at last we may see the growing mind ofthe country so unproved by ucpreju . diced education , as to enable it to throw off that darkness with -which it has been clouded by _profiinare churchmen and interested teachers .
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Leach Ajw M'Douall,—Just As We Were Goin...
Leach _ajw M'Douall , —Just as we were going to _pivsi on Friday morning , we received the decision of ile Manchester Council in the above case , accompanied with a report , together with a balance sheet _mcasuriiifour feet four inches hi length , closely-written in douW * columns , with a request to insert all this week , _wUkb . we would gladly do if at all in our power , bat . whicli we are compelled to overhold till next week . A Done fob . Chambebs to Pick . —The _folloiringcomer sation recently took place between Mr . O'Connor aud an Irish labourer , who had been reared up under his family , —Mr . O'Connor : Well , Nicholas , have you the pound a . week yet ? Nicholas : "Wisha _, I haven't tliis long time ,
—Mr . O'Connor : How did you lose it ? Xicholas : Wh y , your honour , a fellow that I knew in Leeds , came up here looking for work , and I got him a job in my own shop ; and when he found out what I had , _I'U _engase he never stop't till he rooted me out . —Mv . 0 'Counor How was tliat ? Nicholas : Why , he tould the oversea that he'd take my job for fifteen shillings ; and 1 got the sack . —Mr . O'Connor : Well , Nicholas , are you it _« . totalleryet ? Nicholas : Wisha , I ' m not , then .-Mr . _Q'Connor ; Po you drink , then ; and what made jw give it up ' i Nicholas ! Why , don't you know I _nera was a pledged . member ; but when I left that place , I was a teetotaUer two years ; and then T wont to work in Mr . Somers ' granary , the corn-factor ,, and his . men used to be paid every Saturday night , in a ' patjic house of his own ; and sixpence would be stopped frra every man ' s wage , whether he'd drink or not * , sol declare , after having it stoppedfor a great many weeks ; at lust J thought I might as well toe _sometMna _foi'it , anj
but I took my whack as well as the rest of them ; mi I believe that there would be many a teetotaUer if it wasn't for scheming and getting on like that , by them that has something to do with public-houses . —To offer a word on the above would but tend to weaken the simple narrative ofthe dependant working man . We presume that the mechanics of one shop , referred to by the Messrs . Chambers , as supporting a public-house , were " crimped" in the first instance , like poor Nicholas : and as one word brings on another , one _potbriuge on another ; and so , by the first false step into which the labourer is forced by the master , the race of dissipation is started , and the onus of disgrace falls upon the victim , instead of upon the bvute who debvacta him . Note . The Mr . Somers spoken of by Nicholas il a Leaguer , and a loud brawler for "cheap bread" and " feee trade "—in _coi'ii , but hot in swipes !—that yea must not be "free" to trade in , or not , as you like , but you must pay whether it suits or unsuits ! These League-men have _oneer notions .
Ma . West , _ijj Ahbweb to the "Tricky Toot . " - — Mr . West , who now resides at Macclesfield , following his trade as a weaver , has sent us the following , in reply » the Jesuitical and "fair" letter from Mr . T . Falvey , the hired spouter for the enemies of Labour , inserted in _ouf last : — "Sir , —Your remarks on Mr . Falvey ' - - letter , respecting the Rotherham discussion , in last Saturday ' s Star , has left me-but little to say ; and I should not have troubled you with this letter , but that I feared , if . I remained silent , a wrong , construction might be put upon it . I was certainly anxious to soe what Mr . Falvey _' s corrections would amount to , as I was conscious that the report was substantially correct , the whole « t the arguments , if not tfte _eaoct _tooi'da _, being given ; _M now that his letter is before mc , I must confess it is
quite a ' gem' in its way . Mr . Falvey will be doing iu > act of injustice to posterity if he does not forward a ' true copy' to Mr . D'IsraeU , to enrich the next edition of his ' Curiosities of Literature . ' There is , however , one error _j / _ou have fallen into , which I hasten to correct , > i Mr . Falvey is so sensitive about names . His _uame' * Timothy : the initial , therefore , should have been T .. and not J ., as you have it . Tliis I deem important , ie _» Mr . Falvcy ' s ' . modesty , '' delicacy , ' aud 'honour' ( I _«* not say anything about' honesty' ) , should suffer by the mistake . Mr , Falvey says the report was an * euormoi _» fabrication . ' I only wish that the 'Leaguers' wobw give me such a fabrication : ' for I appeal with C 0 I >' _fidence to the chairman , or any other person who _^
present at the discussion , to say whether the repo _rtas a whole , was not a correct and impartial one . I _"i _" notice Mr . Falvey ' s corrections . His not coming directly from thc south is , as you 6 ay , a mere evasion ; fof "' told me himself , that' when he came from the south W was sent expressly to Rotherham to deliver two _titturos . * So much for his ' honesty . ' The slight _wisud I _feU into respecting the chairman ' s name , shows to what * shifts' Mr . Falvey has been driven to ' . ' fish on ' objections . If any one had a right to _complu '" _, _fy * ' Mr . Evans—( who , I may here state , acted as _chaired in the most impartial manner ) . My friend Mr . _Sissotf whose name was printed Zessons , had an equal right M complain ; but really such ridiculous stuff does nst iff serve serious consideration . As to the chairman *
letter , denying that he charged Mr .. Falvey within" * ducing 'extraneous matter , 'he will . _perhapsrocolW " that , when Mr . Falvey commenced his second attack on the Chartists , I rose and asked him * whether we « _# * met to discuss the merits or demerits of Erce Trade , and whether extraneous matter was to be allowed W be introduced ' . ' and the chairman said , and the m _«* ing responded to it , « that the _' questiou to be discuss ** was Free Trade . ' Mv . Falvey bowed to the dccisvo » _° ' the chairman . When Mr . Falvey went to the trouU of writing to the chairman , why did ha not get him to confirm his statement ,, that the report was an ' enormous fabrication _? ' Mr . Fa 1 " ? , best knows the reason why .. The real' socret »* Mr . Falvey ' s chagrin is , that there was a report at a « ; Had the discussion been conflnedtothe room , he _wiff _* then have gone up and down "bouncing' ( as he ho ' done on former occasions ) that he had 'floored ' me '
but now the people can judge for themselves , _»*»* "" r them I am content to leave the question . As t 0 * sneer about myself r I leave that as it stands , _reittin _^* * Mr . Falvey that if he lays claim to ' delicacy , ' * modest *'; _« honour , ' and -honest y , ' the two lidter are atstal * ' *? at Blackburn he challenged me to _discus ' . question with him at Manchester and _Macclesfie' - * ACCEPTED TH & T _CHALLENOE : but US yet I ' _** , not beeu"hble to prevail on him to fulfil liis ' bow * ' - ' * Perhaps his 'delicacy' and ' modesty' haft so » _^ tiling to do with this funking : but if ho cau ' _# _" his courage to the sticking place , ' as I ai » n living in Maeclesfieldj let him name his tune and will find ine ready . We can then meet among who know us both well , and where our relative ch _» _, ters for'delicacy , ' modesty , ' 'honour , ' and 'ho _" _^ can bo properly appreciated . Though I am _g ° my loom , I cau always afford- to spare a day to a ? humbug and delusion .. Yours , respectfully . West .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 1, 1845, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_01021845/page/4/
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