On this page
- Departments (3)
-
Text (10)
-
, ja ™*y *3* 1849. THE NORTHERN feTAR. 3
-
•Portrj) *
-
BEAUTIES OF BYRON. Second Series. II. At...
-
fteineto*
-
DEMOCRACY IN FRANCE. By M. Guizot. Londo...
-
THE LAND. THE REMARKABLE TRIAL OP THOMAS...
-
FINANCIAL STATE OF EUROPE . (From the Br...
-
The FjUnhxih Expedition—•We translate fr...
-
WmttU$A
-
Napj mon's Mabsiials. —Marraoiitr.nd 5y|...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
, Ja ™*Y *3* 1849. The Northern Fetar. 3
, _ja _™* _y * 3 * 1849 . THE NORTHERN _feTAR . 3
•Portrj) *
• Portrj ) *
Beauties Of Byron. Second Series. Ii. At...
BEAUTIES OF BYRON . Second Series . II . At this juncture , the following poem will most ap propriatel y follow the' Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte , given in our last .
ODE FROM THE FRENCH , " _* _¦ * e do not curse thee , Waterloo ! Though Freedom ' s blood thy plain bedew Thera ' twas shed , but is not sank—Rir . _ni from each gory trunk , Like the _waier-spont from ocean , * ith a strong and _growing motion-It soar * , » nd _mlrgles In the air , ¦ Wjih that ofloit Lsb _~ deyere—With that af him whose _honoured ? rave Cog tains the bravest of the brave . ' ( 1 )
A criuunn cloud it spreads and glctv- _. But shall return to whence it rose ; * _Whea ' tis full ' cwlll burst asunder—Never yet was heard such thunder , _Asthma sball shsk « tbe world with wonder If ever yet was seen such l ' gh _* Btn" * As o ' er _Hsaven shall thtn be _brlshtlulng ! Like the Wormwood Star teratoid By the sainted Seer of old , _Shos'ring dowa a fiery flood , Turning river 3 into blood .
Tho chiefhas fdllen , but not by you , _"Vanquishers of Waterloo ! When tha _-oldler-clliz _? a Swayed not o ' er his fVllo _^ . meu—Save in 4 _eed- that led them on _Whtra Glory smiled on Freedom's son—Who , of all the _despats banded _. With that yoath ' ul chief competed T Who could boast o ' er France defeated , Till lone _Tyt-anny commanded f Till , goaded by ambitios _' s stin ? , The hero sunk Into the kirg ? Thea he fell—so perish all , Who wonld men by msn enthrall !
And thou , tno , of thesnow-white plume ! ( 3 ) Whose realm refused thee even a tomb ; _Bstt rhadstthou still been leaning Trance o ' er hosts of hirelings bleeding , Than sold thyself to death aud shame Por a mean * - ? , royal name ; Such as he of Naples wears _. Who thy blood-bought title bears . Xittle didst thou deem when _dafhlnjr , On thy war-horee _through the ranks L ke a stream which bunt Us banks , ' " While _helmets cleft , and sabres _clashing , _Sbose and shivered fast around thee : HI the fate at last whieh found thee : Was that _nanshty plame laid low
By a slave ' s _dlsboneBt blow ? _Oace—as the moon sway ? o ' er the tide , It _roll'd In air , tbs warrior ' s gaide ; _Through tbe smoke . ceated nlgbt Of the blark nnd -ulpbHron * fight , The soldier _r-iUM his serklng eye To ca ch that crest ' s a ? _ctndency—And ss it onwatd rolling rose , So _xoovad bis heart _upou otrr foes . _Thsre , where death ' * brief pang was _qulckes * : , And th « _bittle ' _s wreck lay _tUckest , _Strew'd _benEnththa advancing _basner Of ths eagle's burning crest—( Thrre with _tbunder-cleu _^ _s to fan her , _TTJio co-aid -bea htr -wine
arcest—Victory _hsamin * from hsr _brosst !} "While tht _broken line enlarging F-. I 1 , _orflsd _aloss tho plain There be sura was _Mura * charging ! There he ne ' er shall charge again ! -O ' er glories gone the lovasUrs march , Weeps triumph o ' er each leveU'd arch-But let Freedom rejoice , With her heart in _htr voice ; But , hsr ban _4 on her sword , Doubly shall -he be adored ; Trance hxth _twice ( 2 ) too well hern taught The ' moral lesson' dearly bought—HER SAFETY SITS NOT ON A THRONE ,
WITH CAPET OR SAPOLEOH ! . But in _equ-il rights and laws , Heartland hands in one great causer ' _reidomsuca as God bats given "Onto ailbsneath hts Heaven , With the * breath , and irom their birth Though Guilt would _Bwa _» p It from the earth ; With 3 fierce and lavish haad _Scattering nations . ' wealth _lika sand ; Pouring -nations Mood tifre wafer , In imperial seas of slaughter ! li )
But tbe heart and tbe mind , And the voice of mankind , Shall arise ia communion—And who shall resist that proud un'on ? The time is put whenstcords subdued—( 5 ) Man msy die , the goal's renew'd : Even la this low world of care Freedom ne ' er shall want aa heir * Millions breathe bnt to inherit Her _unconquerable spirit—When ones more her hosts assemble , Tyran _' s shaUbelieve and tremble—Derm t ' ney this an idle threat ff GRIM 30 _H TEARS WILL FOLLOW TET 1 ( 6 ] ( l ) _HaTshalKey . ( 2 ) _«• Foot dear _MuTat , what an end ' . HW white plume _tsssd to be a _rallyimg point in battle , llko Henry tht ¦ "fourth ' s . Hs refused % confessor and a bandage , so ¦ " ¦ arid neither suffer his tool nor body to be bandaged . — _B yron's _Let'crs . ( 3 ) Thrice—Louis Philippe to wit . Yet soma political fleers _pretend to predict a _jfourft renewal ot" the leSBon ! _"ffe shall see . —33 l > - A * S . ( 4 ) Wbzi a faithful _plclars o ! fta _borrlbli Austrian _HespotiftB . Bear witnoss the massacres in Galicia ; the _iHHabardmsnt of _lembrrj *; the bombardment of _Craoow ; the storming of Yienna ; ths bleod-reeking soil -rf _Lambardy- _aa-1 last , net least , the war ofdeso lation and _sxtBTminaiion at present waged against Hungary !—En . N . S ( 5 ) True , as witt _rennloa _ssenl—Ei > . _K . S . ( 6 ) ThiB prophecy _h-is bten already partly , and will yet be fully , rsaliard . The crianon tears' of the na-• tions _avtefl'jited . ; the ' crwwm teats' of the _uestioyei * Of nations may yet flow !—Ed . A * S .
Fteineto*
_fteineto *
Democracy In France. By M. Guizot. Londo...
DEMOCRACY IN FRANCE . By M . Guizot . London : Murray . When Dionysius the younger was banished from Syracuse he mrned pedagogue , and flogged ' Young Corinth , ' to avenge himself for the kicks he had received from ' Old Sicily . ' All the world knows that England , ' The east-ont statesman ' s home , * has , since Vie days of February last , been favoured by the presence of the pedagogue statesman Guizot . _though not yet turned ' Dominie '—a la Dionysius
* —tbe Doctrinaireha 3 resumed his Professors gown , ¦ -and has just favoured the world with a lecture on ' the vices and dangers of French Democracy . Though * ie do 53 not avowedly set up as teacher to ' Young ' - England , ' he has published his lecture inEnglish for the special benefit of our countrymen . For their 1 amusement he has made ' Young France' the sub-3 _jeet Gf his discourse . _$ 0 doubt be regrets tbat be v cannot make that erratic youth the victim of his - rod . How Professor Guizot can lay the scourge on , - ' Fhen he has the potver , ' Young France' knows , and ' - the world has seen .
The Times candidly admits that * these eighty pages tf instruction and warning will not le found to _anstcer the expectatimvi wiih which Ihey will generally be taken vp . ' Lest , however , the reader should imagine that Monsieur Guizot had ' written himself down an ass , ' the limes concludes its remarkably Stupid review by begging those who may buy the f eighty pages' notto ' yield ' to the'first impulse ' Wbich " would dictate the throwing of the trash be'
hind the fire ; for , ' says the Times , this treatise has been carefully projected and elaborately composed , and contains truths both deep and well told . ' Deep the truths are , no doubt , for he who would fish up pearls from this pamphlet must dive deep enough in all conscience . The misfortune is , that the intellectual diver may plunge into the surging _sentences of Monsieur Guizot many times before he will find a truth ! and , when found , that worthy statesman ' s ¦ ' truths' are not good for much .
In the introduction to hu subject Monsieur Guizot says - . — _K-n * Louis Philippe _rclgncd above seventeen years , for ttore than e ! - ; v * n of _w"Me » I bad lie hoacnr to be Vib minister If tomorrow it _phased God to summon us into fa ' s _prs-enc _,-, should w * quit this earth very confident ia tha fumre _destiay and the constitutional ord « Of oar country ? Is tbis a twitcb of remorse ? Behold the results
Of Louis Philippe s reign of seventeen years . Be hold the fruits of Monsieur Guizot ' s eleven years rule ! Everything unsettled . The country cornraittedto the storms of a revolution , the end of which no one can foresee . The revolution of 1 Mb was the work not of tbe Republicans but of Guizot and Hs master . They aspired to rule France by force and fraud , and they sueceeded—for a time . But there came a day of reckoning ! Guizot asserts that the chief source ofthe miseries of France is her * idolatry of democracy . ' AH
Democracy In France. By M. Guizot. Londo...
parties , he says , pay homage to this principle . ' The Monarchists say : ' Our Monarchy is a democratic Monarchy , '' ' The Republican ? say : ' The Republic is democracy governing itself . '' ' The Socialists , Communists , and _Montagnards , require that the Republic should be a pure and absolute democracy . ' Bebold his remedy : — _« This idea must be _extirpated . ' Foolish man , how can he extirpate an idea which , according to his own showing , animates the entire nation ? He says : — Snch is ths power of the word _demacrscy that no government or party _dsres to raise its head , or believe its own existence _poiilble , if it does not bear that word iafcribed en its _baaner ; and those that _oerry that ban . ner alofi with the greatest estimation , aad to the * x . tremtBt limits , _telitve themselves to be stronger than all the rest of ihe world .
But the Time * asks : 'Does Ihe idolatry of democracy go beyond the veriest lip service ? ' Doubt _, less not—so far at least as the Monarchists andthe mere anti-king Republicans are concerned . But this very _« _lip-senrlca' of the factions proves the strength of democracy . It has been prettily said by some one , that « Hypocrisy is the tribute which vice pays to virtue . ' It is the weak , not the strong , who pay tribute and if _OrleanistSi Legitimists , and Sham-Republican knaves , try to win and keep the good opinion of the many by a pretended adhe 3 ion to democracy , their very hypocrisy proves the omnipotence of the principle they affect to adopt .
It appears that Monsieur Guizot learnt the virtue of' Resistance , ' by being a spectator of the Revolution of 1830 . Beit understood , not the virtue of resistance to tyranny , but of resistance to democracy . * Resistance . ' says he , to the passions and ideas which ergender disorder is the paramount and peremptory duly of every government . ' We have an indistinct recollection of very similar words in Louis Philippe ' s last royal speech . The denunciation oi 'wild passions , ' was thftn followed up by resistance to the demands of the people . With what result Gu zot himself is a living and striking
example-He charges upon democracies the sin of having ' condemned their governments , to falsehood . ' This 13 particularly modest , coming from a m & ri who notoriously employed falsehood and corruption as the great instruments of government , and means of governing . Notwithstanding bis abuse of democracies he admits tbat _« tbe Republican form of government has called forth great virtues—has presided over the destiny and the glory of great nations . ' But a republican government ha * , tha same vocation , tba eame _dutu-p , as any otber government , I g same girei it no claim to _dispensation er privilege . It must _satisfy both the general and _permanent wants of human 6 eoiety , and the particular wants of the particular com . mnnlty wbich it ia oalled to govern .
At last a ' truth *! But a truth tbat a child might enunciate . He adds— - The permanent want of every community—the fira : and most imperious want of France at the present day—1 ' , peace in the bosom of society itself . ' But wbat is ' peace ? ' The absence of strife . Now it is not enough to cry * be still , ' to ensure ' peace ; ' the causes of strife must be ' extirpated . ' ' Nothing , ' says Guizot , a little further on , ' has a more certain tendency to ruin a people , than a
habit of accepting words and appearances as realities . ' Another truth ! But a truth forgotten by Guizot in the days of his power . His soldiers , spies , andjgaolers enabled bim to establish a seeming peace , hut heneatb tbat seeming peace fierce passions chafed and raged , and at length became too powerful for repression . Guizot had' mistaken appearances for realities . ' Doubtless there was * peace' of a certain kind in tbe capital of Poland , when a French _statesman of the Guizot school uttered the memorable
words : — ' Order reigns in Warsaw . ' There was ' peace' of 2 similar kind when tbe cannon of the butcher Cavaignac bad silenced tbe insurgent Faubourgs , but such ' peace' is the peace of hell ; and statesmen who rest their hopes of public order upon tbat kind of ' peace , ' certainly prepare for themselves a day of war and retribution . Justice is the only surety for real peace . A 9 long as injustice rei gns there must be anarchy and strife . ' The United States of America , ' says Monsieur Gu zot , ' are universally admitted to be the model of
a Republic and a democracy . We beg the Professor ' s pardon for being so rude as to tell bim that he is frightfully ignorant of the views of the European democrats concerning the American Republic . America , with its black and white slavery—the slavery of the whip , and the slavery of wages—is regarded by the European democrats as a Republican sham . The Republic oa the other side of the Atlantic must become a great deal more' democratique et sociale' before it will be regarded as a' model' by tbe real reformers of Europe .
"While denouncing the Republic , _Gtfzot praises ' the leaders of the Republic' for having ' fought for the existence of society '—that is for having butchered the workmen in the days of June ; for having ' maintained the peace of Europe '—tbat is for having abandoned the struggling nations to the tyranny and atrocities of their oppressors ; and f or having' striven to maintain the public credit ' -- that is for haviug perpetuated ( he system of public plunder under which the people groaned wten Philippe reigned and Guizot governed . "With startling' effrontery , he contends tbat the failure of the _Republic to restore peace t _^ society cannot be attributed to its not having bad a fair trial ! One of bis own admirers shall answer him . The Chronicle , in trumpeting tbe g lories of || Monsieur Guizyt , says : —
It is his school { even with himself in exile ) which now predominates and rules in Prance . Tbe pupils whu hung ttpoa his _lectures , asd _mada them tbs _feantJatjOD of tbeir _ntvwalBys'emB— MM . de _Itemmat , _Dnverj _» _ler iv Hauranne , L _* on _Fancier , _Cievalter—the workers out and thinkers out of his theories and truths—are sttll the fore most men cftlic Republic . Acd it is plain tbat ' the doctiiuV _a & tt ha * _ueen _affeetsily termed , will p * oj : ot Us _influence far dowa into future times , and live as IeDg an those _constitutianal governments of whiob it is far away the ab' _.-fct defence—appealing Ilk ) them to reason , and txtracti » g , from a mixed _systsm of obeoks and balances , : he aacful snd tho expedient . We agree witb the Chronicle , tbat tbe doctrine ' will live as long as ' constitutional governments ' live , but we console ourselves with the belief tbat
those governments have not long to live . The days of the accursed jugglery of ' checks and balances , ' we believe to be numbered . May the utter and irreparable ruin thereof come speedily ! But we beg our readers to mark the admissionwe shonld ratber say the vaunt of tbe Chronicle , that notwithstanding tbe banishment of Guizot , bis disciples , the workers-out and thinkers 0 * ' his theory , are at the bead of the Republic , and predominate and rule in France . That is to say , there has been a change of name , but not a change of _system , not
even a change of men . The evil genius of profitmongering rapacity still reigns in France ; and yet we are told the Republic has had a fair trial ! The true Republic has never yet had a trial at all . Had such been the case , Messrs _Remusat , Duvergier de Hauranne , faucher . Chevalier , Thiers , Barrot , and Co . would bave been sent packing after Monsieur Guizot to England—or a warmer climate . But the victors of February were ' magnanimous—that is to say they were — anything but wise men ; for what use hm it to banish the devil , yet allow his imps to remain ?
Monsieur Guizot comes out strong against the ' Socialists . ' To that party we leave the defence of themselves and their cause . Their task will sot be one of difficulty . From this , portion of the pamphlet we quote the following : — We say that democracy is everything . Tbe men of the Social Republic reply , _? _Dsmaorecy la ourselves . ' We proclaim , ia language of _infiirta contusion , the _absoln e equality of rights and tbe _ssvereign _rltfht of numbers Tne men of the Social Republic come forward and esy , ' C _* ant oar num & ers . '
This is a puzzler to the Times . Quoth that journal : — ' "We in England conceive that the men of the Social Republic have been counted , and that the result is a clear exposure of their insignificance , even by their own standard . What , then , are the limits of' democracy in France ? ' Does it reach beyond the half-million , would-be constituents of Ledru Rollin and Raspail ?' Yes , you fool ! Have you not already been told by your model statesman , tbat French society is saturated with democracy ? As to the ' Social Republic , ' wait a little longer , and you will see whether those wbo expect , and are determined to have social reform , are Hmi : ed to half a million !
Monsieur Guizot concludes his jeremiad by recommending a grand combination of parties and classes , and a system of * checks and balances , '' as ( says the Times ) with ourselves . ' We might show up a mass oi absurdities in addition to those we have already gibbeted ; but enough , we have already devoted more space to M nsieur Guizot ' s ' eighty pages than such trash deserves . We had hoped that _ydversity would have made hira a wiser man , but be has evidentl y « l earned nothiug , nor forgotten nothing . So much the worse for himself . This calculating , cold-hearted tyrant and tyrant ' s
Democracy In France. By M. Guizot. Londo...
tool , when threatened witb impeachment , on tbe 22 nd of February , ' laughed immoderately ; but within twenty-four hours he was laughing the Tiro tig side of bis mouth . A fugitive from the mingled wrath end contempt of the people , he fled from the land he had so wickedly misgoverned in tbe dress ( at least so reported ) of a flunkey \ Judging of this philosopher '—this vaunted statesman-chief—by his' eighty pages' of balderdash , his flunkey dress appears to us to have been not illchosen . The ideas and sentiments put forth ia this pamphlet may excite the wondering admiration of' _Jeames of Bukley Square , ' but the intelligent workman , should he deign te read Democracy in France , will record his verdict in the language of Hamlet : ' Words , _werds !'
The Land. The Remarkable Trial Op Thomas...
THE LAND . THE REMARKABLE TRIAL OP THOMAS SPENCE , THE AGRARIAN REFORMER , Most of our readers must have heard of Thomas _Sraxcu , tho first popular teacher of the principles of Agrarian Reform in this oountry . It is probable , ho * rever , that , _excepting a few veterans , there are not many of the Chartist , or Ultra -Radical party , who know anything of Spbhcb beyond his name . We cannot but think thatany information concerning a man once so famous as a public agitator , will be _gladly reeoived by those who were born too late to know bim or bis disciple * . A small volume , nearly fifty years old , Jen " : to us by a friend , enables us to supply Bome acount of the principles and objects of thi remarkable man .
Thomas Sphscb was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne . His father waa a shoemaker . The eon _commenced life on his own account aa a _schoolraster in his native town ; As a member ofthe New . oistle Philosophical Sooiety he was bound to deliver a leoture on some qaestion of scientific or general interest . He did so , taking for his subject : — ' The made of administering the _Landed Estate Of the Nation as a Joint-Stock Property in Parochial Partnerships by _dividing the Rent . ' At tbe instance of the Society , tbe lecture , wbich bad been muoh applauded by the members , waa published ; but the publication called up against him a host of enemies . The usual means of social (?) persecution were emplayed , and not without the intended effect . His school was broken up , and his means of living utterly destroyed .
Persecuted in Newcastle . Thomas _Spsscb repaired to London and attempted to get a living ai a . bookseller . BeiBg very poor , he _commanced with a book stall at ihe corner of Chancery Line , Helhorn , where he bezan _publishing tracts explaining his views 0 ' _political and social reform ; he also had medals struck in copper which explained the nature of his plan . Abont the year 1793 he opened a small shop in Little Turnstile , Holborn , where he _publiohed a periodical _woik . entitled , 'Pig ' s Meat for the Swims '! Multitude . ' - \?_ W Can any _friond lend us a copy of this work ?] In the year 1794 Thomas _? pence was arres ' ed under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act and confined , we know not for what t _« rm , in _Newgate . On his liberation he opened a amall ahopatNo . 9 , Oxford Street , where he continued publishing as be had done before ; Jn the . _< eir 179 S he was again arrested under the suspension of the Habeas Corpus Aot , and confined in Coldbath Fields Prison .
Oi bis liberation be continued his former pursuits until ihe year 1801 . when be was prosecuted by the Attorney General , Mr Law , afterwards Lord El _lENmRouoH —The book at present in our possession is a report of this remarkable trial . We quote the following from the title-page ;—THB IMPORTANT TRIAL OP THOMAS SPE . _VCE , For a Political Pamphlet , entitled , ' Tbe Restorer of _Society to Hs Natural State , ' On May 27 th . 1801 , at _Wbstmikstbb Ham ., befero Lord Ken's os _tmi a _Special Jury .
' A forbiddf n writing is thought to be a certain spark of truth that files up in tha face of them who seek to real it out . '—Milton . As nearly tho whole of that offensive book , with sul _* - able remarks by way of Defence , was rend by Mr Spence to the Jury , the whole of it therefore ia reprinted ber-ln bs a _warnlrg to pnor Old Eogland . ' And all the people shall hear , and fear , and _ds no mora presumptuously . ' A oopy of tbe indiotment follows , containing the objectionable passages in the work _nrosecnted , mixed up with the usual legal jargon . Passing over tbis . we come at once to the defendant ' s answer to the Recusation , of which we propose to give tho moat striking portion ? .
DEFEKCB OF THOM 48 _BPENCE . Mt Loud asd Gehtiemen of the Jubt —I was so astonished at tbe second R 'port of the Parliamentary Committ-e of Secrecy , that I was Inclined to turn a bo . _rious defence into b _burlepque . But upon flue consideration I _dcUrmined to let what I had prepared for that purpose remain as it was ; and if the government will _peranado tha people that they are _SpeneoDianB , whether they are or no , why ahould I make objections ? It Is , pa-haps , the most effectual way to make th _' _-m _suob . Whether the said report at such a time was designed io _affaot my trial , or the trial was designed to add _coase _. au _* QC 9 to tbe report , or both were to ba _auilliary to
each other I do not ku * . w , but I hava o , _ood ground- , to apprehend there Is a lerious design against my _libwrty , for I am apparently prejufTged already , There Is _nothing in my book which I em _asnamed of and did not Intend to Bvew _, but T have nothing to do with the projects or views of others . So I hope , gentlemen , _ofl tbe Provorb » _% ys , ' Tou will let every herring hang by his own sals , ' I have all my life thought that the state of society was capable of _BUflh _ourcndami _* , and hoped by tho progress of reason , ntded by the art of printing , that such a state of jast ! c > and felicity would at length tuk _» place ln the earth as in some measure to answer tho figurative descriptions of the Mileneum , New Jerusalem , or future golden ego ,
I very early In Ufa laid down the plan of such a happy state of society , ar . d which all know I have been publish . Ing one way er other for many years . And what then ? Are wo never to expect a better state of things than the present * Are wo not _allowed to ammo ourselves witb _olstsBt Views of happiness 1 Mast wc bs debarred from tbe pleasure of _imagination also 1 If in the present stats of things only we have hope , we are of all creatures tha most miserable . I bavo always been concurring with what I thought the intentisn of the deity in providing for a _cons'ant , though slow improvement in every thing . And bavin ? put my hand to ] tbo plough I _nevi-r looked _bscls . Having premised thu * much , I shall now go on with my defence , as _prepared previous to my knowledge of the Parliamentary Report .
I believe n > vcr man came before a court for a political publication _uidcr greater d ' _scouragemants than I now do , for _notwithstanding any _Insinuitlona of the said re . port , I stand alone , unconnected with any party , and , slept by a tbHking few , am looked on as a lunatic , so thu I feelingly _eipEiitneo the Justice of Mr Pope's _obsur . ration , viz .: — * Truths wonld you teach , or save a sinking land , All f _< ar , n _? ne aid you , and few understand , ' _Evi-n the professed _frleads oi liberty keep aloof , anil would rather , if they couW _oonslstcn'Ay , _J _ols in ths sup . _preislon than tho support of my opinions . My narrow _cirenmstanc-s also , w _^ lch prevent me from having the assistance of _either att > rney or counsel , plainly indicate that I am no tool of party , and tbat I can bare nothing in view bnt -he love of troth and the good of _mankind .
Besides , gentlemen , tbere is another _aeemlUR hardship , tbst I should be tried by men of property concerning a work , the sole _oty- Ci of wbioh is , to new modify property in each a manner that many ef you Ren'lemen may consider yourselves as highly concerned and interested in the decision . _Wherffore I ought to hare a jury com posed of at least eno half labourers , who are my equals , and whose cau'e I bars espoused , to _defend mo tgalast tbs prejudices of such men of property . I have been advised by many to let judgment go by default as less irritating , but I could not harbour a
thoaghtso injurious to the owner ofthe Court . Besides , ( make no doubt of _smI * uln _2 _suuh convincing Hasans for all that I have advaneed in this eaid indicted _publicatiau , that my intentions shall not only appear upright but laudable : all which desirable _advantage I thould lose by foolishly and cowardly pleading guilty . God forbid we should ever see times wherein tho modest _dofenos of innocence and _geod intentions , _tspsclally whtn connected with the cause of the whole human species , _snould be deemed irritating in a Conrt of Justice , And mora especially , wben the defendant is reduced to the necessity of pleading for himself .
I stand here , gentlemen , In a singular cafe ; Not as a mere _bsokeelKr vending tho works of others , or as a hireling supporting ibe views o < any faction , hut aa an _criminal legislator , for havlrg formed the most comrect system of society oa tha immoveable basis of nature and justice , and which no arguments can have power againat , as you will anon be convinced of _« I think , gentlemen , tbe work _Itee'f displays all the way through such _andenUble evide * . ca of _dlsintsrea _tcdness _a _^ d philanthropy , that I _canast do better than read the political partB of It with some _occasional remarks which will not detain jou loug . Aud we shall brgln at tbe title page .
The title of the work is as follows : — * The Restorer of Society to its Natural State ; in a series of Letters to a Felfoiv-Citizen . With a Preface , dsc ., Sc . \ The prefaee wa pass over for the present , that portion ot the work being cut of piaoe ; the matter thereof should hive been given in an appendix rather than in a prefaoe . We proceed to extract
LETTES I . London , July 19 , 1800 . Cmzn * , — You see I am not forgetful of your request that I should communicate 9 uch _nfiections as ocour to me concerning the means of improving the happlnses of mankind . But in doing this it ! s _ntoessary I should alh * w myself a _saffitieftt latitude In tnoting _subjsots of
The Land. The Remarkable Trial Op Thomas...
snoh importance , for how shall a man that Is aot fret himself pomt out the ways of freedom to others ? It Is said In the _beginalng ofthe Bible , that man was made to till ihe ground and had _dominion over the whole animal creation . All this is self evident , forbc ia In . lee * , t « it , rere , the God of this lower world , and his faculties both of body snd mind _-ufflclently qualify him for this arduous task . But here the lordship ought to stop . For as Milton and _reasoa sa;—' Man over man , he made sot Lord . ' Happy would mankind have been had their ambition
been ihus bounded by nature . Bu » the earliest records show , that the earth was Immediately ' filled with violence / and tbat _God-lihe reason was as much employed in the destruction and robbery of fellow-creatures , as la subduing the earth and tbe brute creation fer a mors co . _nfortablo _eubsUtencp . Thus iu proportion as the comforts of life increased by man ' s labour and _ingenuity , so did the rapacity of men also increase to rob each other ' , -and societies were as muoh formed for me sake of strength to plunder others as for mutual defeno _* . Well , and truly then might It te said mat 'the _wickedntsi of
man was great In the earth / and that ' all flesh had corrupted bia way upon eirth . ' Thus societies , _famtll-s _, and tribes being originally nothing but bandittis , they _esteemed war and pillage to be _honouratte , and the greatest ruffians _sefi _' Bg on tbe principal _fbarts of the Spoils , as well of laud as _msveables , _introdascd into the W 9 rld all the cursed varieties of lordship , vassalage , and slavery , as wa ace at this day . Now , citizen , if we really want to get rid of tbese evils frem amongst men ; ws must destroy not only personal and hereditary lordship , but the cause of them ,
which is private property iu land . For this is the pillar that supports the temple of _arlsbcoracj . Take away tbii pillar , and the whole fabrio of their dominion fullto the ground . Then shall no otber lords have dominion over us , but tbe laws , and laws too oi oar owa miking ; for at present it it those who havo robbed us of our lands , that hava robbed us also of tha p ivilagu of mihing our own laws ; so in truth and reality we are in _bondogq and vassalage tothe landed _inttrast . Wherefore let UB bear this always in mind , an i we ahull never bo at a loss to know where th * root of thi ovll _liss ,
Tben what ocn be tho cure but this ? Namely , that fie land shall no longer be suffered to be the properly of _indlvidnals , but of tho _parishes . The rentB of this parish estate sball be deemed the equal property of man , woman , and ohild , whether old or joung , rich or poor , •• _gltiiaaifi or illegitimate . But more of this htra & fter . I remain , & c _. Letters II . and IV . were not read to the Jury because the subjects of them were not adverted to io the indictment . Letter II , ia on the subjeot ol Public Bathing , and Letter IV . en tbe Marriage Laws Imh contain _eouud ideaB and valuable suggestions . We
quote—LETTEB III , London , August 8 : h , 1800 . Citizen , — . As nothing attraots my attention more at present than tbe bao and cry raised _everynbere _again- > t monopolisers and _forcstallm , on acceant of this _artifi . oiil famine , let us see whether such a BC . neof villainy could be transacted umlor such a constitution of thingai I hlntfed at in my first letter . _Yavtaay _reffienb-r that I there gave the land to tbe parishes , by whioh means I broke tke monopoly of land , which is the mother of all otber monopolies . _Othormoaopilks caaaot _subsist after tbe fall of that , for the following reasons , v ' z :
--First , —because the inhabitants of every parish being the proprietors of all tho soil within their respective parishes , tbey will _tafee care that ths _f-irms shall be of such size , and let on such terms and li-. _ases _, as shall appear to bo most ior the publio go _^ d . Ia cons- q > unce of this , we may suppose that farms would bo eo small that tho farmers would hardly be rich enough to board much , neither would they be eo lew iu numt . er as easily to combine to ralso the price ff their _pVOSUttu . _Seoondly , —to ward against the danger that might arise to the public from tbe inability of theso little
farmerB to reserve large stocks ofcorn , which might be of nse ia a time of soarcity , every parish would havo a public granary in which they would lay up tvery season » cert an quantity of grain in proportion to their por _ulatlon _. This , like ev * ry otber public expense , would be _defrayed out of tbe rental _rtvenuo of tbe parish , an 4 wonld only be felt by tbe people for the first year er two , for after that they could always sell hff as much of the _oldt-at corn as would _purchaaa the new ; also tbe parishes m ' ght lay up stores of coals , or anjtbing _elsn liable to _accidental scarcity to prevent want aud indivl dual monopol y _.
Thus , citizen , you see I bave put my people In a way to destroy all monopoly , and also effectually to provide pgainst _raal famines with ease , and all by tbe _Bhnplo operation of rendering tbe pooplo what thoy onght to ba , lords of thiirown districts . Ton will think , perhaps , that people would bj _discouragod from cultivation and from _cemmcrca , if the parishes interfered in this manner , and engrossr-d so much ofthe business to _tbtmselves as corporate _booies , To this I answer , that they would be wiser than to usurp the trade of the country for the _sako of trade , but
only in such matters ns experience sho reed the public safety required . _Besiies , if ench a people as this had not wisdom who bad snch freedom to acquire and _roeke US 0 Of It , Who * 6 must wa _expect It t For consider , th < ro would be nono of your great quality , nor proud landed mea , nor their minions , to quish every project that does not first or last tend to Increase their revenues . My people would give every one a fair hearing that had any thing to propose for the public good . Neither would they lcrjg persevere In wrong _measures If they should chance to fall Into tbem , because ne obstacle remained to binder them to change tbem .
In the advanced state of loarnlng which the world is now arrived at , there can be no went of cultivated abiH . _tioa everywhere sufficient to conduct the public business . All that Is _warning ia a good system , in which men being placed ln a state of equality and freedom , the reasoning faculties wonld be encouraged to expand to tbe utmost . And sueh a _eyetim is tbia wbicb I bave giren you a sketch of . I remain , _< _ka . Owing to Ha length we shall only give the following extract from
L'iYr . E'B . * r . London , Sept 20 th , 1801 ) , It IB _cbild'Bb , _thSrefoca , to etpiet ever to see small farms again , or ever to sea au * j iking else than _theutniort screwing and grinding of the poor , till you quite overturn tlie preseLt system of landed property . For they have got more completely Into the spirit and power of o ppression now than ovor waa known before , and th _< y hold the people In defiauae by means of thoir armed as . _sociations . Thty are now like a _warlike enemy quar . _tt-red upon us for the purpose of raising contributions , sad William the Conqueror and his Normans were fools to tbem iu tbe _crt of tl _leclng . Therefore any , _arching short of total destruction of tbepow / r of th _* _sa Samsons will not do ; and that must be _nccompUshed , notby simple
shaving , whioh _lcav . a the roots of their strength to grow again . No ; we must scalp them , or else they will soon _recover and pull our tcmplo of liberty about our oars . We must not leave even thtir stump in the earth , like _Nekuohadnezztr , though _guirdod by a band of iron ; for Ill-destroyed _royalty * and _aristooracy _. _willbesure to recover _svnd overspread the _oirth axa ' m as before . And when tbey aro _suffirsd to return again to their former dominion , it is always with ten fold more rage and policy , and so tho condition of tbeir _trretobed subjects is quickly rendered werso as a reward for their too tender resistance . Iu plain _Eagttsb , nothing less than complete _czKrinlnatfon of tbe present system of holding land in tbe _mannnr I propose , will ever bring the world again to a state worth , living In .
The following extract appeared in the shape of a po 3 _tcript to Letter V . : — In order to show bow for we ara cut off from the _rights of notura _, and reduced to a more contemptible Btate than the brutes , I will relate an affair I bad witb a forester , in a wood , near Hexham , about three and twenty years ngo ;—While I was In the wood alone by myself a gathering of nut .- , the Forester popped through the bnshes npon me , and ashed wbat I did tbere . I _aanwt * od , Oithoriog nuts . ' Gathering auto ! ' aal < J he « aud daro you ray so ? ' ' Yee , ' _eatd I , ' why not J Would you qaestion a monkey , or a _"qjlrrsl , about aaob a business ? And am I to be _trouttd as inferior to one of those creatures ?—or have I a less right ¦ But who ere you , ' continued I , ' tbat thus take upon yon to In-1
terrupt me V ' I'll let you know that , ' said he , whea I lay you fast for trespassing here . ' ' Indeed I' answered I , 'But haw can I trespass here , where no man ever plant ' . d or cultivated , for these nuts are the spontaneous gifts of nature ordained alike for the sustenance of man and _beist that choose to gather them , and therefore Ihey _a * 6 common . ' ' I tall ycu , ' aaid ho , * this wood i » not common , It belongs to tha Duke of Portland . ' ' Ob I my service to tbe _Daka of Portlans , ' said I , ' nature hn * _ws no more of bim than of me . Therefore , as in nature ' s ¦ tor _ehouse the rule is , ' First como , first _served ;' so the Duke et Portland must look sharp if be wants any nuts . But In the name of seriousaesss _, ' continued
I , niUBt not ont ' _s privileges be very great in a country wbere we dare not pluck a _baz 4 nut ? Is this an _E'g-Ilsbman ' _s birthright 1 Is it for thi * tte sre calIed _> pon to eerre in the militia , to defend this wood and this country against ibe enemy ? What must I say to the French , if tbey cornel If _thcyjeerlogly ask me what 1 am fighting for 1 Must I tell them for my country 1—for my deer _ooantry in which I dare not pluck a nut ? Wonld not they _lnugh at me 1 Yes . And do you think I would bear it 1 Ho , certainly I would not . I would tbrow down my rau 9 _kat , saying—Let such as the Duke of Portland , who claim the country , fight for it , for I am but as a _Btrnnger and sojourner , and have neither pan nor lot amongst tbem . '
* Defence , Gentlemen , I wonder how I _cama to stumble upon royalty here , for It Is what t am ia no _wls _« addicted to , as the Attornoy General is very well ac _qualnted with by moans of bis spies j therofere _, it ought tc ba looked on as a m ? re inadvertency , aod which naturally presented Iteoif to the mind of _NahuchaSatzzar I never conoeived _royalty to be entitled to my _notfeo in this _buslnes * ; fer ii the land be hold by the _people Ir tbe manner I _prjpoaa , it is impossible for tbe _Executivi administration , under whatovtr denomination , to _maki any inroads loto the prerogatives of tho public . Where . f 0 _« _ff th ° * i tle o £ km _* ' oonflu _' ' _preeldeBt _, & o ., are quit ! Indifferent to me . We know that kings existed in 8 part < for many cen turies , ln oompany with _Iren-mbnoy , ant small divisions of land , Therefore lot not R & yalt-
The Land. The Remarkable Trial Op Thomas...
This _raasenlng had such an effect on the forester tba hs told me to gather as many nuts aa I pleased t t Defenoe . Gentlemen , I can hardly help being _dt verted that this Sylran joke , twenty-four years old , made a part of a serious indiotment at this dittanoe of time . It seems as if paying my sagacity a vary high compliment ; but at tbe samo time Is a pointed libel on the abilities and spirit of tha whole nation , as if none bfBidcs were _qualified to draw such alarmlrgconclusion 1 and resolution * from the privation of oar rights unless I put them up to It . This shows what strange _meiamor . _plio-ea ara likel y to tako place in a man ' s writing * when the spirit of iauendo begins to move on their surface , I think I need say no moro on this ridiculous subj c _; _, but take care how I _jtk » for tho future , especially in o time of war , and endeavour henjoforth to be dull—yes , "tnpidly dull—aa the only means of safety . Frora _auch cowardly indictments good Lord deliver us \
Financial State Of Europe . (From The Br...
FINANCIAL STATE OF EUROPE . ( From the Brussels Naiios . ) No one cas doubt that the _economical and financial position of Europe haa been in a great de / _rea the cause of the late convulsions wbioh have occurredequally in those countries in which politioal cau ° cs have produced the revolutions , as in those in which apparent tranquillity now exists . A coup-d ' mil , therefore , at the _ general financial state ef Europe would be a criterion tor measuring the interests of the crisis and its probable results . Tbat part of the _charg-t which is now most oppressive generally on the people is the debt caused by the long wars into which the varioH 3 countries have entered during and since tha reign of Louis XIV ., and _especially at the commencement of the present century , and the exp » n ° _B and maintenance of the permanent armaments whioh bave not only absorbed an infinitely large portion of the productive labour ol the people , but have ccmipied the labour itself of a larg _^ portion of moat efficient and healthy _classe- * of the community . The debts of the various countries of Europe may be thus classed in round numbers : — .
Great Btitain ... ... £ 860 , 000 , 000 Franca ... ... ... 3 _z » . . ooo Holland ... ... ... 160 , 000 , 00 ? Russia and _PoUad ... ... 110 , 000 000 Spain ... ... ... 9 _^ 000 , 000 Austria ... ... ... gi 000 , 000 Prussia ... ... ... 30 000 , 000 Portugal ... ... , „ 28 , 000 000 Na "' ... 26 , 000 , 000 _B- _'g'cm 25 , 000 000 Denmark ... 18 , 000 , 000 Slelly 14 , 000 . 000 Papal dominions ... ... 13 000 , 003 Gretce ... ... ... 8 , 000 , Bavaria ... ... , „ 3 , 000 . 000 Bremen ... ... ... 6000 QO Frankfort ... ... .,, 1000 , 600 Hamburg 1 , 403 . 000 £ 1 783 , 000 , 000 _Dtbts _nof enumerated ... 215 , 090 , 000 £ 2 , 000 , 000 , 000 _Requirins an annual provision to the extent of £ 100 . 000 , 000 for _interest , in addition to at least £ 20 ooo . ooo to £ 25 000 000 for expenses of _colleetion . _admini'tiatioo , & i In addition to this charge , already sufficiently l * . rge ( when k ia * o be remembered that the labour alone of the peopla oan produce the means of paying it ) , is tn ba placed tha coat of tho permanent' _artBilmetttsj and their incidental eapensep . The smallest estimate ol * the permanent _arsjfes new _employed in the various states of Europe is abmt £ 2 . 800 000 , kept up for " the protection as well on the land as at sea , of the several existing governments , feeding , clothing , equipping , arming ,
and paying such a number of m « n , as well as _arsenalB , fortifications , ships , and all tho concomitant expenditure , according to the several official documents , cinnot be less than an annual charge of £ 120 . 060 , 0 0 ; and suppose tbat eaoh man so employed could , in agricultural at other labour earn a sum of la . 61 , per day , the total sum of money thU 3 totally lost to the publio weal , and which ought , eon _srquently , to ba oharged to joint _expenditure , oannot be fairly stated ai much less than £ 200 , 000 , 000 per _§ annum . Add again the charges , already heavy _or . _ougb , attendant on the administration of governments , the ' _nuraerouB sin » cu-cs and pensions granted from the productive resources of the people , and which _oaniiot be _estimated at less than £ 25 , 000 , 000 a year , and we shall then have eome notion of tbe
_ciuses whic _' a prevent the labourer from deriving thst recompense from hia work , to which , under other circumstances , ha might be justly entitled . And if , even in addition to all this , W 9 add the innumerable mass of idlers of all sorts , and persons of every _dossyiption , who earn nothing by any effort of mind or body towards their own subsistence , and therefore live on the work of others , tben we shall cease to feel surprised tha * in spite of all combinations of government , of the efforts of economists and philanthropists , tho workman becomes from time to time more impoverished , and the pauperism continues to increase in its intensity throughout Europe .
The population of Europe is about 250 _miliionsgof soul *; armaments of allhindn _, including poh ' co tfca ., 2 , 800 , 000 ; various employees of _gnverntnout . 2 , 000 , 000 ; idlers and uuproducing classes , 20 . 000 . 000 is it oot evident that this charge is too heavy tor the population—tbat government and police C 03 t too much—tbat permanent armaments , paid , clothed , _lodged , fed , and armed by the _people , tend _grsatly to perpetuate the system ? And does not all this show
clearly that any late revolutions are but as a feather inthe balance as taecau _.-e of tha _t _xisting _dietteaa throughout Europe , whilst the attention of all go . _vernmentB , i _? tbey wish to attain quiet and tranquillity , should be directed to tbe reform ofthe wasteful expenditure and ruinous system of _minagement , and to endeavour to place _wifiia reac ' a of tha labourer a greater share of the produce of the soil which he cultivates , and to producers of all sorts a greater share in the direction of the affairs of their respective countries ?
The Fjunhxih Expedition—•We Translate Fr...
The _FjUnhxih _Expedition—• We translate from tho Montreal Minervb the ft Mowing extract of a letter from a Canadian missionary , the Rev . Father Tacho . dated Isle a la Crosse , Iludson'd Bay Terri tory , January 20 , 1848 j— ' There is _nothing new in this country , save an _expedition wbioh is already on its way in _sesrch of Captain Sir John Franklin , who left England in 1845 , for the purpose ef _attempting to explore the north-west passage into the _Pacifi " The men _composins * thia expediion winter near this place , at Fort Cumberland , with Mr G . _Dsschambault , and will pass through here in the spring , Sir John Richardson , who is to leive Montreal in a oanoe , will be here about midsummer . I beli ? ve thia expedition perfeotly useless . Either Captain
Franklin has by this timo got back to Eogland . or he has perished in the ice . Besides , the expedition cannot reach the Arctio Sea before the summer of 1819 . The firing of cannon was heard at tke lasi _; post on _M'Kenzie ' s River doth last winter and tha winttr _beftire . They were probably signals o f _dutress . Unfortunately , it was impossible to go to thfir as _sistaace . A Dr Ilay is also in search on this side . No news of him has beeu reeeived , and fears are entertained for his safety , ao much the rsore as he embarked in open boats , and bis rashness at sea is well known . ' The report that tbe _Uringf of _cannoa was heard in tbe winters of 1 S 16 and 1817 , _towards the mouth of M'KeEzie ' a River , seems to confirm that ofthe Esquimaux Indians , that » 'big canoe' had been seen _ashore there .
Thb National Dsbt . —( From the Gazette . )—The Lords _Commisiionera of ber _Majeaiy _' _s _Treasury having certified to the _CcmmiBsienerBfnrthe Reduction ofthe National Debt , in pursuance of the Aot , 10 th Georvo IV ., o . 27 . sec 1 , that the actual expenditure of the United Kingdom of Great Britain snd Ireland exceeded the aotual revenue thereof , for _tVe year ended the _10-h day of _Oetiiber , 1848 , by the sum ol one _million Bevea hundred and eighty four thousand and thirty- one pounds and _two-pence ; tht Commissioners for the Reduction d the National Dabt hereby give notice , that no sum will be applied by them on account ofthe Sinking Fund , under th ? provisions of the said Act , between the 7 th day ol January , 1849 , and the 5 ; hday tf April , 1849—S , Hicham , Comptroller-General . National Debt Office , January i . ...
Pobt _Ofwcb Notice . —Soma _aoubts appearing to exist whether inland postage is to ba taken in the United Kingdom upon let _te-a addressed to he conveyed between the United Kingdom and the United States , by the con tract packets belonginj : to the United States government , it is necessary it should ba understood that no postage whatever is to bs taken iu thia country upon t _' _ja letters ia question as the postage due for their _convejancs will be _collected in the United States . Letters forwarded to the United States | by the British contract mail packets , or by any private ship , are liable to the same rates as heretofore .
Appallin g Tragedy is New York . _—Anappallin !* tragedy was enacted on Friday , Dec 22 nd . at the I corner of Grand _* nd Walnut Streets . New York . A German named G-. _izar lived with a German _funile as hli wife . They were visited by another German named Marks , who , it is supposed , seduced cr attempted to seduce the afS & _clions of the female . On Frida y * dreadful quarrel occurred between tha two men , and both were found dead , lying in their b ' _eod , and the female so dreadfully stabbed that she is not expected to Burvive . is ia _supposed that _Geizr went to the house of Marks to obtain satisfaction for the real or imagined injury ; that the female was first stabbed ; and that then a sanguinary duultook piaoe , in which both mea were killed * >
Wmttu$A
WmttU $ A
Napj Mon's Mabsiials. —Marraoiitr.Nd 5y|...
Napj mon ' s _Mabsiials . —Marraoiitr . nd 5 y _|| lt ara the only survivors of Napoleon ' s martin ' s . llow to Writs Wkll -1 hs _creat ' secret how to writ * well is to write naturally , and frac * one ' s own knowledge . —Pope . _Chkistsus DlNNKRS . —Whon the Cfirk _suardiana _refused a meat dinner on Christmas-Day C 00 pauDers left the workhouse ! v v A royal decree _taksss off thn stamp duty on newspapers , both Prussian and foreign , from tha 1 st of January . Austrian Nationat , Debt . —At tho crns ' mioa of the war , in IS 15 , the' national debt ' of Austria was two millions of il > rina . It is now one _toousind millions . Kid . vappjno . —The brother of a clergyman at Oxford was kidnapped a f » w days ago , and hu-riea away to a private Lunatio Asylam , from tha arms of _hj-j wife .
_Railwat Cam . " . —The railway calls of January amount to £ 2 , 53 S , 222 , being about a million and a quartor more tban tbe laat month . _Napoleon . _—Napolein was elected First Consul in 1796 ; Emperor in 1804 ; sent _tiElba in 1314 ; re . _, turned in 1815 : abdicated the samo _yaar : died ia
1821 . Jhnny Lind G ' x —Over a beer shop in the High Street , Hastings , Bra inscribed the worja ' J _^ nny Lind ' s Gin . ' Dispatch op BusiNE 93 .--Tho Scottish Pbkss points out the irony of the announcement that Parliament will meet on the lst of _February for the dispatch of business ! Awpul Suicide—A few daya a So Mrs Twynam , wile of Dr lwynam _. of _Bishopstoke , _destroyed herself by blowing out her brains with a gus . She waa subject to tits of mentil derangement . _EoirriAN Coal -Minis . —Accounts from Upper Egypt and Cairo state that an extensive mine of Bond coal hart been positively found in the Vicinitjf of the town ef _Ksnoh , on the Nile .
Cos ? op _Exousn _Legislation . —Tho _salaries and expenses of the two _Huuses of Par _' . Hinent are £ 30 , 000 per annum—almost double ai much as the coBt of tbe whole _r-xecutive of tho United States CiuaB awd EyFKCT . _—i _' _robahly there _«¦ _•» not two words wbich more distinctly point _iut cause aud consequence than these—gin and bitters ! GaoLQGT . —The Durham Chboniclx says that the caverns at Keophe 3 ii are to be shortly _excirated end examined , asd that tho investigation will be of great importance to tha science of geology . Poisoxiko _nr Mistaks . —An aged lady , _Mrj Harold , of Louth , haa been poisoned by taking by mistake a spoonful ii an embrocation , instead of a do 98 of a sough mixture which had been sett by her surgeon ,
An Irish Bull . —Captain Thomas Wilson , of the brig C ! um > lcon , of _Marvport , at present hing in Ballyhenry Bay , near Portaferry , was found in his bed on Friday ; It appears h 9 bad been complaining the day beforo . —Irish Paper . —[ Che editor should have ' waiud'him ] Jenny Lind sang gratuitously at Birmingham on Thursday week , in aid of the _tut-da of t _^ c Q _ie _« n ' s Hospital in that town . Upwards of 3 000 pernors were preae » t , Thi receipt * were £ 1300 . Suddes _Dbath . —On Sunday night weekat _Windsor , Joseph Richardson , a private soldier of the Coldstream Guards , was found dead iu his gentry box . It is supposed he died from disease of sho heart .
Matbimont . —At St Panoras Church last week there _wew no fewer than thirty pair united in the 'holy bonds _« f matrimony , ' and on the day fidiowlttg { Christmas Day ) if teen couple more , the fees amounting to £ 2 o 17 * . 6 I . Bbmkvolknck . —Tbe late Mr Allan , of _Al'dheltrie , ha 3 devised a great nart of hi * fortune , ± * 20 000 , to lorm a fuad lor granting annuities to widov _/ 8 of respectable character in Aberdeen and Old Macbar . Thk English Language . — The _dillicultyoi acquiring our language , which a foreigner must _exourience , is illustrated by the _lolloping question : ' Did you ever see a person pare an apple of epear with a pair of scissors ?' The Tba Traps , — _Tftal delivered in 1847 , 35 S 18 . 00 O 1 O 3 . Home consumption from London , 25 . 218 . 0001 _bs . Total _delivertd in 1818 . 30 . 102 000 lbs . Home consumption from _London , 25 352 000 lbs .
A Teetotal Mayor— Mr G , W . Harrison , the _newlyelscied major of _Walitfield , at hia _iuausniraeinn dinner to the members of the ei « ro 8 _> _-a'ioh did not allow his guests any wine . Ginger beer , lemonade , and water flowed profusely . Death _FKOit Colo — . .. railway policeman named Jobn King was found deed in his b ; oc on Monday morning week . The canae of bis _clciitb was not _sscertained , but it _» as a bitter cold nkht . He has left a wife and four children . —2 ' aunton Courier . _Gbnekcsiiy ok Jbnny Lino . —This _di-. _thiguiaaed vocalist haa spontaneously offered her _scrnices in a concert at Worcestar , in aid of the charities of that eity . Tha effir ef course has baen aucepted ; and the conoert is to take place in the month of February .
The priz _? for £ 100 for the best E . « ij on Jnvenila Depravity has been awarded to the R _* v . Hanry _Worsley , Rector of _Easion , i- SuilMk . The jiidirea were the Rsv . Jjhn Harris , D . D ., the Rev . Jamea Sherman , and tbe Itsv C . J . Vuuguan , D . D . A _ScBrBKRAKuou' I ' as * ags—A subterranean passage , at Chester , bas been discovered , _i >» s _? irg under two of tbe principal streets . It is hewn out of the solid rock find it is juat wide enough to allow one _nerson to go along , with wider parts at intervals , vffip . _d , no doubt , aa _passirg places , It bas not yet been explored .
As Eagle . —A _prodigious sea otgle _UhU ' eeius ) measuring seven feet from wing to _wit _^ , anu weighin ;* upwards of nine pounds , was killtd wih an ordinary eun , a few days since , _» t Langport , Dorset , D & _Txm _SviEtTf . —Jitvhe _Bw _S' . reet poVica office , a few days ago , Mr Thomas Casey , _manager of a Darby Sweep _Ofhoa , appeared to _nna-eer an iiif _-rmstiGi * , atthe fruit of tht ; _Attorney-Gsneial , and waa sentenced to imprisonment for a month in the Honse of Correction . He gave notice of appeal , and was admitted tn bail . _Marmagx .- —There _otau ba no doubt that marriage is favourable to Ion ? _erity . It is upon record that a Frenchman , named De Linguevillo , who lived to the age of 110 . had been married _'otsn wives _, lie married his last wife at the ago of 02 . and sha bore him a son when he w _« 9 in his 101 h rear .
_SfliPrfRXCK— -A fJorni > ii paper announce . " _tholosa ofthe ship _Palinurus , _G 00 tiins , Capt . Frederick Geare , homeward bound frora D-raorara , with a lull cargo of rum and _sugar . She was wre : ked during the verv 9 _.: roug gale of tha 2 S . h ult ,, of } ' S -illy Islands ; and therai . s reason to _Relieve thai the captain and the _wiio ' e of his crew have perished . _Extraordisahy Fortune . —A labourer named Worth , employed in the rope yard ofD _^ _vonport deckyard , has , by the death of his uncle , norae iuto viry considerable , property . Wo have not h «« ard the exact amount , but it i ! S stated to be worth £ 20 000 .
Self _Dbstiilciion . —An _extraordinary caso of self destruction bus juat occuned at Brrlin . Tho dead body of a man w . _is found at dayij gb _:, by the constabulary , in a sitting position , on ons of the benches of tho _Thior ga ? _teo . From an examination of it . it _aopsared _thw tho man must havo placet _^ a small packet ol gunpowder in hia mouth , ignited it , and tbu 3 blown bis _bf-al to pi > c ?» . A _IluirA- IIsad h-s beon _discovered sn » heap of stones a , _ttiiUyvau-hMi , in _vhs county > f _Ciare . The body has not been _discovered , nor can any _per-on in the _viciaHy give any informati-n on tbe tn » t ; er to the authorities . Tee flesh was fLrn , ami the _blnrd seemingly quifco fresh . It c _ouid not have b _? en there mandays
; . ,, INCRBA _3 P . D VALUB OF GROCND IN THK MKTKO . _polis . — There are many esfates in the metropolis which fifty years back were worth i' 3 an acre , as caw _pastursRO and dairy ground , now realising frcm £ 1 . 000 to £ 2 , 000 per acre per annum ! Many within thirty year ? , which were _brickfield roughs , _UQfl return half that venial , and in another _centra . lion these samo estates on which the pr perty of thousands has been outlaid , will in a-me iiibtanccs yield to the colossal proprietors frem £ 100 000 to £ 500 , 000 ner annum \ -The Builder .
To WHAT U _« B ? WB MAY K . BTURN AT LAST—In Mr King ' s valuable _uejouul of iho _Chamber of Cotnmi-rcB , _h ia stated that the leaden statue of Ivng George erected hero in the last century wss brokea into pieces during the revolutionary war , tent up to Connecticut , where , ia the family of the kite Oliver Wolcott , the ladies assisting , tbo metal was run into bullets to be uBed against the troops of ihe same King George . A Turk was publicly bsheaded at Constantinople , on the 30 th ult , for the crimo of having , while in a state ot intoxication , said that he did nut care a atraw for Allah or ihe propfier . Altfcongh he had thus condemned thelaw ol Islam , ai . d had _disregarded its _prohibition ol * wine , he was so good a Mussulman that when tried for the offence , he _declared that ho was utterly _uncoBSciuui of having uttered auch words , bin , was ready and _willms to die as the law directed if he could bo proved to have
spoken such blasphemy . Rotal OINIOX _3 ir _BiJiiops—Tba Queen , when _BUh-. p Sherlock came to htr , chid him extremely , and asked him if ho wiw n ! . _< t _asbamttl to be everreaohed in thb reamer , a _sseond time , by < _-he bishop ot London ; and , after all she hsd said t _» him to point out his follv ia _ft-llo _^ _ing the Bishop of London in Runik ' _a _kftiir , how _h-i _toulri b « b , _ii : d atd weak enough tn bn running hia _u'sa into _ancihor _' a iii-ta- . au ' . ? The _Ivus _, with hia _usunl _fatti-o _s , iu _spealt ' iae 'i any _reeide hu disliked , _ch !! u _\ ti ¦? . m boi 3 w ' _auvA'ei : he _miavtonoil them iti private _-u'bistoration , a pared oi' black , _catting , hypocritical raa . _cals , and aaid tbs government was _lilu-iy to go op well if thoao _aofttt-idwla wwa to _dscula lo their _pricco how far he should or ' _honki not co li _W tbe disposition d hi- _par ' . _wments . and tobo gwing themselves these impertinent aits 'W _^ _S _^ l hiog that did suit wiih their Billy _» p » _-w » Hervey ' s Memoirs .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 13, 1849, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_13011849/page/3/
-