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" Union is strength."
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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" Union Is Strength."
" Union is strength . "
To The Tvok1lixg Classes. Mr Friends,--Y...
TO THE _TVOK 1 _LIXG CLASSES . Mr Friends ,--Yon will discover from the report that I -will furnish you of the resolution of the veritahle Democratic party in France , that however my princi p les and advice may he repudiated for a time , tiiat the clubbing ofthe mind alone can carry out those principles . In last week ' s Star I defined for you the present state of parties in France , and now I will give tod . the clearest definition of the means by which tho Democratic party , expect to establish their own principles—and that is \ 3 _> IO- \ . I extract the following from the Morning Chronicle o f Wednesday last . Here it is : —
The meeting ofthe ultra-Republicans which took p laceyesterday was the most numerous that had ever been held , and it is the first time they were able io agree to act in concert in defence of the Republic At this meeting 1 G 0 representatives were present , and after three hours' deliberation it was determined that unity of action was imperatively called for on the part ofthe Opposition , and a committee was named , first , to regulate the mode , for the future , of convoking the members ; and next , in all went cases , to adopt resolutions to be communicate . : to the whole Opposition for the purpose ol effecting a unity of vote .
_\ ow from the above you will discover that those members who advocate the people ' s cause relv solely upon their own union . You must also understand , that the union of one hundred aud sixty members of the Legislative Assembly of France would not have the same effect upon that Government that an union of thirty members would have upon the English Government ; and for this reason , the French Assembly sits hy day , the members are paid for their services , and very few—if any—are absent ; while , in England ; - forty out of six hundred and fifty-six constitute a House—that is , twenty-one members may speak the opinions of three hundred and twenty-nine , one more than half the number of members . I
think this will give you the clearest definition of tho value of Annual Parliaments and Payment , of Members . If you had Annual Parliaments and Payment of Members the House would sit by day , every member would attend aud perform his duty ; whereas now , if a debate lastsfor three , four , fire , or six nights , and if no more than forty members hear the arguments urged on cither side , when the dehate is likely to close the whippers-in of both parties send messengers to tho several clubs where their lickspittles are amusingthemselves , and without hearing one word of the debate , they -will vote for their respective leaders .
I do hope and trust , therefore , that you will gain some little wisdom from the resolution adopted b y the representatives of the French people , and that you will define that to your professed representatives as soon as Parliament meets , which will be next Tuesday fortni g ht . I wish you to do so , in order that the Ministry may base its policy upon your union and not npon your disunion , foryoumayrelyuponittbat the country never witnessed such a Parliamentary sensation as it will in less than one month . I have had a letter from my friends of Bradford , and also from my friends in Rochdale , and several other places , requesting me to
name a day when I can visit them . Tlie men of Bradford state that the 3 rd of February will he the most convenient time for them ; and I avill be with them npon that day ; and , as the Conference will sit h y day in Manchester , I will visit Stockport—where I first opened my Chartist commission—Ashton , Oldham , Rochdale , Middleton , and any other town in the neighbourhood , any evening from Tuesday , the 28 th , to the Saturday night following ; and I request that the inhabitants of those several towns will make their own arrangements as to the time I shall visit them ; and 1 hope then , once more , to establish a thorough union iu th © minds ofthe working classes .
M y friends , nothing is more proper than that anything connected with your order should be fairly published ; and therefore let me correct an error which appeared in last week ' s Star relative to the proceedings of the Executive upon "Wednesday week . The question put to me hy Mr . Haiese is very clearly stated , but my answer is not as clearly stated . Mv answer was—•
" When caps amongst a crowd are thrown , Those they fit may wear them for their own . " I further stated , that I did not personally _alludo to any one who professed to advocate the people ' s cause ; hut that , after thirty years ' experience , I felt convinced that ninety-nine out of every hundred were trafficking politicians . This , I think , will convince you that I allow any use to be made of the Star , no matter how it may misrepresent me ; but , however , it is my firm resolution to adhere strictly , if 1 stand alone , to those princip l ° s which will elevate yonr order .
I attended a meeting at John-street , on Tuesday ni g ht last , and , notwithstanding the opposition that it is reported the London men would manifest towards me , I never attended a better meeting in London , and I never was more cordially received and welcomed ; and the only thing which seemed to produce any , but not much , antagonism , was the proposal of Mr . Stallwood to add " Social Rights" to the resolution that I had proposed ; and for which , I believe , only about five hands were held up .
Now , working men , let me once more beg of you , and implore of you , not to mix any " ism " with Chartism . You remember how Chartism was mocked at , reviled , abused , and persecuted when it was first established ; but , like evcrv other proposition , it was first mocked , then laughed at , then abused , then reviled , and then persecuted , but now it is being thonghtof , and deliberativel y discussed ; whereas , if you mix any other " ism " with it you "will enlist such a host of opposition as yon cannot imagine'and , there f ore , it is that I implore of you to adhere strictly to the ONE " ism , " the only "ism" that can elevate your order—CHARTISM .
I suppose that you read the preparations that are now being made in Ireland to oppose the Government , in the ensuing Session _, of Parliament , and I hope and trust that you will be prepared to take advantage of that coming struggle ; and although a man cannot do a nation s work , yet you may rest assured that I will be upon the watch tower , and fairly and independentl y define your princip les . 1 will not allow the leaders of any party to state , without refutation , that your class _trould be satisfied with this change , that change , or the other change , hut 1 will prove to the Government and the House tbat you will accept no change but the CHARTER . I see tbe manner in which the Government ,
the judges , and juries , are carrying out Lord Melbourne s good old maxim"RUIN HIM WITH _EXPENSES ;" and therefore Mr . NiXOX , the solicitor who defended Vernon , and whom I never saw for twelve months after the trial took place , has now served me with a writ for £ 163 , for defending Versos . I _ehall not be at all surprised , however strong my evidence may be , if the iudgeB should give a verdict against me , and saddle me with his costs and my costs . However , I still rel upon yonr order not to allow my oppressors aud yours to crush me , and " ruin mo with expenses . " and the
I find that the men of the Potteries , men of Sheffield , are not apathetic in the matter ; and , at their request , 1 furnish you with the following placard , forwarded to me , together with a letter from George Cavill , m--nting me to attend a meeting at Sheffield before or after the Manchester Conference ; and , in rep ly , I beg to state that I shall be most happy to meec my Sheffield friends once more after the Manchester Conference ; and I -will name the day , and afford them ample ¦ time for getting up the meeting : — CHARTISM . A LIVING REALITY ! The members of the Charter Association are
To The Tvok1lixg Classes. Mr Friends,--Y...
hereby informed that a special meeting will be held » t Mr . G . Cavill ' s Democratic Temperance Hotel , 33 , Queen-street , on Wednesday evening , January lath , for the purpose of electing a delegate to the Manchester Conference , which is to be held on the 27 th of the present month . All persons friendly to tbe Cause , are cordially invited to attend . By order of the Council . Chair to be taken at ei <» ht o ' clock . X . B . —The Sheffield Chart " i 9 ts have resolved b y their recent acts , not to be behind the friends in the Potteries in the good work of gratitude to their friend and benefactor Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., M . P . A goodly number ot manufactured articles have been given gratuitously , the proceeds to be applied to the Honesty Fund . Articles by the way of donations will be thankfully received for the above specific fund . herehv informed that a snppinl _numtinn w ; u _\ , „ i , „ i . i
Now , my friends , let me once more entreat you and implore of you to dispel all bickering and antagonism , and unite , and club your miuds and pence together to carry the CHARTER . Your Faithful and Uncompromising Friend and Advocate , Feargus O'Connor .
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m _NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . _l . A public meeting , called by the Executive Committee , was held on Tuesday evening , at the Literary and Scientific Institution , John-street ; The whole of the members ef the _Executive Committee were present , and on coming to the platform were loudly cheered . The attendance was very good . Mr . James Grassby was called to the " chair , and said , that the meeting had been called by the Executive Committee . They had been elected by the suffrages of the people ; every man had an opportunity to vote if they choose to avail themselves ot it ; and those that elected them were in duty bound to support " them . The Exchequer was empty , and tbey could not carry on the agitation without funds ; tbeir expenses were light , tbey had but one paid officer—and he was poorly paid—the others gave their _services gratuitously . The men of London did not Heed teaching , only direction ; but in tho country they needed teaching , and for that purpose funds were necessary .
Mr . Q'Coxxor moved the following resolution : — " That the House of Commons , as at present con-I stituted , is a corrupt assembly , and will never be improved until the People ' s Charter becomes the Law of the Realm ; we , therefore , hereby resolve to agitate for its enactment . " lie agreed with the Chairman , that they must furnish tbe Executive with means , if they meant tbeir agitation to be successful ; if they did not do this , government would believe that they were indifferent as to the attainment ofthe Charter . During the height ofthe agitation for Repeal Daniel O'Connell received £ 3 , 000 a week ; and yet in England—a far richer country—they could scarcely obtain £ 3 a week . What more was necessary , not only to convince the
government but their fellow men , that their hearts were not interested in the principles tbey professed ? If every man who professed Chartism subscribed only one farthing a week , they would have funds sufficient to send lecturers over the whole kingdom , who would show the people the value ofthe Charter , and that it would enable them to be located in comfort in the land of their " birth . For upwards Of thirty years he had advocated their cause . So man had been more reviled or abused than he had heen , and that , too , by some ot their own order ; but ho had still remained true to his principles . He looked to the Charter to elevate the condition of the working man ; he did not look to the interest of those who lived upon the labour of others without
contributing to the common welfare . It made his blood run cold , when be was in Bradford the other day to see poor emaciated , careworn men , of twenty-seven ycirs old , looking tho pictures of misery , whilst their employers , fifty years old , were far stronger , heartier men than those at twenty-seven , whose life ' s Wood they had dragged from their veins . That such things were , was entirely to he attributed to their want of union . What did he care for the Charter , unless as a means to benefit their order ? What benefit would the Charter confer upon him individually ? None . Yet he would continueto advocate it though all others should abandon it . He was for the Charter alone . He would never join any party that went for anything but the Charter . Too
many irons in tbe fire always let some get cool . If tbey subscribed their money , they would prove to the government that their pockets as well as their minds were devoted to the Charter , and would enable their friends to unite the minds ofthe whole country in its favour . He intended in the nest session of Parliament to take his seat with the Speaker , and rise with the house ; they would see such a conflict in that house as had never yet heen witnessed . He intended to bring forward a motion for the Charter , and though Lord John might attempt to count out the house , he would faithfully expound their principles . Ho believed the people were at length awakening from their apathy , and wero beginning properlv to estimate their value . Like
Brooks , of Manchester , "Lord love you , they were all for themselves . " When work was brisk the Charter was forgotten , but when trade was had they were for death or glory . It made his blood run cold , to see a young enthusiastic man like tbeir friend Jones have to endure imprisonment through the folly and ignorance of the people . He had also endured eighteen months' confinement in a damp cell , but the government could not conquer their resolution hy persecution . France had hitherto been the great crutch England had leant on for support ; but the present condition of France was enoug h to make them look beyond mere political changes ; and France would yet become one of the great difficulties of the government . Louis
Napoleon was endeavouring to be made Emperor , but Changarnier was at the head of the army , and possessed the confidence of the party of order in the Assembly . He trusted the two parties would fight until , like the Kilkenny cats , only the tail of one of them was left—the people would then gain possession of their rig hts . If he had bis wish there should not be a soldier or a pauper in the land . He would abolish tithes . ( A cry of " No . " ) Was tbat a parson that called * ' No ? " Those black slags received ten million pounds and upwards a year , and if they could get an extra hundred thousand they would turn Puseyites or Catholics to obtain it . If there were no tithes , all men would he able to worship God _aceordins to the dictates of their own conscience
and they needed no state church to teach them to do that . The Morning Advertiser told them that Lord _Jol-n would , in the Rext Session , offer them the Charter , or something like it . Both Russell and Sir George Grey stated , when Sir Joshua Walmsley broug ht forward his motion for Parliamentary Reform , that they preferred the Charter to his measure . Why did they Bay that ? Simply because they thought some who would vote for that measure would not vote for the Charter . Mr . O'Connor then referred to Ireland , and showed , by some graphic descriptions the manner in which justice was administered in that country . He then adverted to the state of the _neoDle in the manufacturing districts ; and
concluded a much applauded speech , hy statingthat he did not wish to inflame their minds by wordy eloquence , hut to tell them plain truths . Some mea * _sawted to snuff him out of political existence * , if they did so , he would rest on his oars for a time , and then applv alucifer match to himself and blaze up brighter than ever . ( Cheers . ) lie had devoted his all to their service , and he would never abandon them . He had been offered to be made a judge if be would desert the Charter . He told the person wl . o brought him intelligence of it , that if they gave him the Governor Generalship of India , ani every _i _. fficein the hands of the government combined , he would never abandon his principles .
He did not come there to cater for popularity . He and his family had suffered more for their principles than any other family in the kingdom , and he would never agitate for anything but the Charter . ( A voice , " we want our Social Rights . " ) He wanted to see them united ; they would then get the Charter , which would give them all that they desired . Tbe working man would receive double wages for less work ; but now . the man who earned £ 3 a week , looked with contempt upon the man who earned los ., and he looked with contempt upon the unwilling idler in the poor law bastile . Mr . O ' Connor then left the meeting loudly cheered .
Mr . Holtoake seconded the resolution . Mr . O'Connor had clearly shown them that the House of Commons was a corrupt body . It did not adequately represent the interests of the people—in fact , in might truly be taid , it did not _represent them at all . It was also corrupt in the manner it administered its functions ; and until tbey did get adequately represented tbey would never be able to remedy their grievances . Many of his audience were in favour of " social improvements ; tbey wanted a better law of partnership , a thing so natural and desirable , th at the only wonder was that it should be refused . They could not get it now They wanted many other similar measures , but if
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the people were represented in Parliameut these measures would immediately be carried . A great calamity endured by the people was the want of education ; this was a greater evil than an uneducated man could be aware of . If the people were properly educated , every man would be able to expose eloquently the grievances under which he laboured , and then redress would quickly follow . It was an old dogma , that unless capital was protected it would not be employed . Capital needed no more protection than labour . It would be employed as long as it was the interest of the capitalist to bring it into the market . They often heard it asserted in the house , in supercilious terms , that the working classes were deficient in self _, respect—that they wanted to receive support , without earning it by honest labour , now easy it was . _. _ . . ... , , _I > ,. .... .. ,
to retort the charge upon them . The day was not far distant when any man , no matter of what rank in society , who received money without giving industral service for it , would be looked upon as a degraded being , living upon the hard earnings of others , to wliich earnings be had no title . Mr . Holyoake then entered upon the question of the Chartist organisation , and stated his opinion that so long as they depended upon the unpaid services of men to work for them , they could not expect to bave that work efficiently performed , at least , for any lengthened period . All instruction given to the people must be looked upon as having a commercial value . It was a disgrace to them to have publicly to ask for fund 3 to carry ou tbe agitation , and the evil must be remedied before * ' they could be in a healthy state of organisation . v Mr . Stallwood wished to speak . . _
The Chairman stated , that the Executive had made their arrangements ; hut he left it to the audience . Mr . Stallwood wished to know of the Executive whether they would consent to have the words " and their social rights" added to the resolution ? He knew the majority , both of the Executive and of the audience , were in favour of an agitation for Social Rights . Mr . Holyoake had no objection to it , but thought it unwise , as Mr . O'Connor , who moved the resolution , had left the meeting . Mr . E . ; 1 o . \ es , who was loudly cheered , said , it would be like stealing a march upon the enemy , as Mr . O'Connor was opposed to the agitation for their Social Rights . Mr . O'Connor was not only a friend , but also a member of the Committee .
Mr . Reynolds also addressed the meeting on the question , blaming Mr . Stallwood for being premature , in not waiting until he saw whether the conveners of the meeting did not intend to broach that subject . Mr . WnEELEtt said ifc was misrepresenting Mr . O'Connor to say be was opposed to their obtaining their Social Rights . He was only opposed to any other question being mixed up with the agitation for the Charter . If Mr . O ' Connor had been present , he had no doubt that he would have agreed to the addition .
Mr . Stallwood pressed his amendment . On its being put , only five hands were held up for it ( on the ground of its being ill-timed ) , and the resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Huxxiball moved the following resolution : — " That this meeting approves of the policy of the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association ; and , having implicit confidence in them as a body , resolve to render them every aid in their power . " Mr . Pettie seconded the motion .
Mr . Retxovds , in supporting the motion , said that he was sorry that for one moment it should be thought that the Executive Committee could possibly fail , in directing the attention of the people to their social rights . In the present state of the country no physician was justified in telling the people that they must take a certain remedy , unless he also showed them what that remedy would do . It was a sign of cither ignorance or folly for any man to say merely , you must get the Charter , and not tell you what the Charter would enable you to do . There were two classes of persons who were opposed to Social Reform , those who were timid and looked with dread on great organic changes , and those who were interested in the present state ef
things . Who could look abroad at the present state of society and not be a Social Reformer ? Misery and wretchedness was the lot of the many , in order that a favoured few might he kept in luxurious idleness ; it was to break up this system that they advocated Social Reform . They advocated the Charter because it would lead to a social change , in which those who reared the crops would be tbe first to eat of themthose who made the cloth , be enabled to wear itand those who built the houses , be enabled to live in comfort in them . Some people supposed that Social Reform meant the destruction of property , and the breaking up of tbe bonds of society . If they destroyed anything , they would place a better in it 3 stead—if they pulled down the hovel , it would be
for the purpose of building a palace . The present state of society was only connected with leggary and wretchedness ; they wished to replace it by a superior one , in which all could enjoy the means of happiness . Could the noble , decked with titles , show them the law written by God in heaven , or earth , which said that ho was superior to his fellow man 1 God gave this earth as a garden for the whole of mankind , well knowing that there would never be more inhabitants upon it than could be maintained in comfort ; but they had allowed a banditti , arrogating to themselves all the knowledge and property ofthe kingdom , to rob them of their inheritance . * Look at this vast country , in the hands of three hundred thousand proprietors ,
when it ought , of right , to belong to its twentyeight millions of population . When the working man came upon the earth , and asked for bis shars of it , he was told that it was monopolised by these aristocrats . When in'his desperation he applied for leave to toil to earn his bread , how often did he find that even work was denied him . Look through the eig ht thousand streets of the metropolis , and see the number of famishing artisans , and the workhouses filled with some of England ' s best blood . Not eontent with depriving them of the soil by atrocious laws , they had so bound down the labourer that he dared not even combine to raise his own wages . A short time since , at that wretched humbug , the Crystal Palace —( cheers)—a working man was
sentenced to two months' imprisonment for only asking for justice . ( Hear . ) The middle classes were continually combining to keep down the price of labour . He did notsay that tbey met together for that express purpose , but their every act and thoug ht tended to that end . If one law was right to imprison the working man for combining in favour of labour , one thousand laws were necessary to Jiang those who lived by plundering the labourer . Mr . Reynolds then showed the origin , and vile history ofthe aristocracy of England , and dwelt with great eloquence upon the state of _afiairs in France , I stating it as his opinion that the revolutionary ; hall ! would again roll , and crush all the thrones in I Christendom ; then would tbe government of this
country offer them an instalment of their rights . He warned them against joining any party for less than their full demands , as ' all experience had proved the fallacy of such conduct . ' NoihiiVg but the Charter would ever raise them to honesty power , and might . The speaker than sat down loudly applauded . Mr . G . J . _Harset supported the resolution . The history of all political parties showed that a steady adherence to principle was the best g _-ound to enaure ultimate public support . When the Corn Law Repeal was in the ascendant , they had warned the people that they would not derive the benefit from that measure which they had been led to believe . Thev had told the supporters of that
_measurelthat as bread got cheaper so would _w- ages fall . The experience of the past fully justified their prediction ; during the last twelve months there bad been continental strikes over the whole country , endeavouring to oppose reductions in waees . The conduct evinced by the managers of the Eastern , Northern , and other railroads , was only a preparatory itcp to a general reduction of wages in the better paid departments of labour . _Mott parties were becoming convinced , ftm _^ eae facts , that the Chartists were right , and that their ancient policy was tbe _ correct one . He agreed to differ with some of his colleagues al to co-operative _storos . and _stellar establishments , proving an
ultimate benefit to the cause ; but m his opinion tne failure of these plans would teach them the wisdom of first obtaining political power , and he was anxious to _cultivate kindly and brotherly feeling between them . Thoug h the present _ExMU _^™ but newly elected they confidently appealed to them for support . Most of them had been members of _priw Executives , and the conduct of the whole had been long before the Chartist body . It had been insinuated that he was a violent opponent to all who did not po the same length as himself . He was not so . He was ready at any time , in friendly debate , to show the superiority of the Charter over minor measures . He wished tbcir measures success , for be felt assured that until Walmsley , Gobden , and other similar men were at tbe head of affairs , they would always have a party at their command ; but when once they were in
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power the working classes would see that no benefi ' would arise to tbem ; then the day for a struggle _woild have come , —a day , when at the same momeit , they mi ht perhaps acquire both their political * and , social rights . Ho did not oppose any p . _'irty / * struggling for -any measure of reform , but he opposed any sale or bargain being made of the people . Mr . Harney then ' briefly referred to the election of tho Executive , and sat down amid much applause . Mr . E . Jones . —They were met to commence a new campaign , but they still meant to fight under theold flag ; . under that flag many a victory had been , won , —many a mental triumph achicvod , and on that flag the result of those mental triumphs was inboribed _. _'but it was still the old flag . _.. _ItVfts . _.. .
not . . breaking up , and beginning again , it w as only recording the triumphs achieved . He knew that amorijgJDeiiiocrats many different views were , entertalBed ' . In an army there wore many different regimentBj each fig hting under : its own flag , each comift . ah . ded by its separate officer , but all forming part '" of ' 'the one army , and actuated by the same _graiiifb . hject . So it was with the army of _democrat' . They had been told about antagonism , it _wa-jftl a bugbear , they were nearly all on . one side . Thal'jh the Executive had only beon elected hy _sontStwo thousand or three thousand persons , yet thejprere the active spirits of the kingdom . ' 'If ?>" " "fr ' votes were only sent from one town , they oust not . consider that was the extent of Chartism _Sp _^ at rilace : they wero but tho leaven , _whicfy _plmisefljjas it were , the body of _tho-Giort , —thev
"were'fhe mw who could arouse _dhd direct the _energics _opfchi _^ _hhhj _^ opulatiqh ; ' ' Mr . Jones , in fervid _langua- 'e , then _^ _vewBopposedoOiree _^ sa a working man imbued with deiimer , lBy _** * _- rm 1 _^ n _^ the other classes of society , wliich drew immense plaudits from the audience . The Charter was the means to acquire all their fundamental rights . All men bad a right to live ; those that would not work had no right to live by eating the bread of another . God had given the earth to all , and they meant to continue their agitation until they obtained all that God bad designed they should enjoy . They meant to do this without bluster or violence , but so to organise themselves that p hysical force would be a bugbear , and insurrection an old woman ' s dream . In the spring something more would be seen in London than tho Glass Palace , On the 3 rd of
March they intended to have a 2 * ational Convention . In tnat Convention they wished to have a dash of Irish blood ; hut for this to be done they needed funds . Mr . Jones then eloquently and urgently appealed to them to do their duty , and be worthy of the high character he hud given of them to their brethren in the country . Mr . O'Brien was glad to hear that all the speakers proved one great fact , that any person who did not go for the attainment of the Social _Rights of the people was cither an ignoramus who did not understand his trade , or else an impostor . He saw a policeman present who might be asked by his employers what had been said at the
meeting ; as he had heard much about Social Rights , and might be puzzled to know exactly what it meant , he would inform him . Every man that came into the world was presumed to be as good as any other man . Evcrthing that God made he made for all , and if taken from them must be restored to them . God made the land free for all equally with the atmosphere , and it must be restored to them , The policeman might say that looked like robbery ; hut he would show him how it could be done without injuring any man . Mr . O'Brien then followed this subject out ; also that of tbe Nationalisation of Credit to a considerable extent , and was much applauded . The resolution was then carried unanimously .
A vote of thanks was given to the Chairman , and tho meeting broke up at a late hour . Several members were then enrolled , and a subscription entered into at tho doors .
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The Executive Committee Of The National ...
THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION neld their usual weekly meeting at their office , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , on Wednesday evening last . Present—Messrs , Arnott , Grassby , _Hurncy , Milne , O'Connor , and Reynolds . Mr . Jones received leave of absence to deliver his lecture' at Cowper-street . Mr . G . W . M . Reynolds presided . Correspondence of a highly encouraging and progressive tendency was received from tho councils of the following localities , viz .: —Bermondsey ,
Bradford , Burnley , Cheltenham , Coventry , Dundee , Exeter , Greenwich , Hastings , Ilebtien Bridge , Leicester . _Limohouso , Merthyr Tydvil , Paisley , Pudsey , Rotherham , Roy ton , Stalybridge , Suttonin-Ashfield , and Warrington , also from Liverpool and Stockport . On the motion of Messrs , O'Connor and Harney it was unanimously agreed— " That for the future tho votes of tho committee be published , with the names . " The sub-committee appointed to correct the list of places to send delegates to tho National Convention submitted tbeir report , which was unanimously adopted as follows :
THE NATIONAL CONVENTION . In submitting the annexed list to the country the Executive have had especial reference to the equalisation of electoral districts in proportion to the Democratic population . The law allows only forty-nine delegates to assemble in Conventionand they have endeavoured so to apportion the constituencies , so as to secure to the fullest possible extent a national representation . As it has been necessary , in some instances , to comprise several towns in the same constituency , it is hereby recommended that , where such is not yet in existence , a district-council be forthwith formed , and the district agent ' s address forwarded to the general secretary . Should the agents in any of the localities be unacquainted with the names and addresses of tho agents in the others , in tho same district , they are requested to communicate with the Executive , who will supply them with the necessary information .
It is also recommended that the several localities of a district each nominate one or more delegates , as apportioned to the constituency ; such nomination to be forwarded to the agent of the district ; that , within a fortnight of the time of nomination , public meeting . - ; , of which four days' notice shall have been duly given , be held for the election of the delegates , and that the result of the election in each locality be forwarded to tho district agent , who , with the council , shall act as scrutineer , and certify the return to the general secretary on or before _Wednesday , the 26 th of February next .
LIST OF TOWNS AND DISTRICTS ENTITLED TO SEND DELEGATES TO THE NATIONAL CONVENTION , CALLED TO MEET IN LONDON , ON MONDAY , THE THIRD OF MARCH ENSUING . Delegates . Aberdeen and North of Scotland 1 Dundee , Perth , Cuperangus , Abroath , Montrose , Forfar , Brechin and districts 1 Edinburgh , Leith , Kirkcaldy , Linlithgow , and counties of Fife and Mid-Lothian 2 Falkirk , Tillicoultry , Alva , Alloa , Stirling and district l
Glasgow , Paisley , Greenock , Hamilton , and Vale of Leven 2 Kilmarnock , Ayr , Cumnock , Girvan , Irvine , and county I Dumfries , Hawick , and the Border 1 Carlisle , Wigton , Coekermouth , Kendal , and counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland ... 1 Newcastle-on-Tyne , Gateshead , Shields , Sunderland , and counties of Northumberland and Durham 2 York , Hull , and North and East Riding 1 Leeds , Pudsey , Dewsbury , Patlcy , Birstal , Wakefield 1 Bradford , Keighley , Bingley and district 1 Halitax Todmorden , Hebden Bridge and
district .. „ . „ 1 Huddersfield , Holmfirth and district 1 Sheffield , Barnsley , Rotherham and district 1 Pr < ron , Burnley , Padiham , Blackburn , Clitheroe , Lancaster , and North Lancashire 2 Manchester and Salford 2 Bury , Bolton , and District 1 Liverpool , Warrington , and Wigan 1 Rochdale , Heywood , Middleton , and Oldham ... 1 Stockport , _Ashton-under-Lyne , Stalybridge , _^ Macclesfield , and Cheshire .......... 1 Nottingham , Radford , Carrington , _Sutton-in-Ashfield , Mansfield , and County 1
Derby , Belper , Alfreton _, and County 1 Leicester , Loughborough , and County 1 Northampton , Peterborough , Wellingborough , and County ...... 1 Norwich , Lynn , Yarmouth , and County of Norfolk 1 Ipswich and County of Suffolk 1 Hanley and the Potteries 1 Birmingham , Wolverhampton , Coventry , and County ; .. ' . 2 Gloucester , Cheltenham , Worcester , and Counties — 1 Bristol and District 1
The Executive Committee Of The National ...
Bath and District . ; _,....-..... 1 Merthyr T ydyil . Newport , Monmouth , and South Wales ; _.... . 1 Exeter and Tiverton ¦' . ' . 1 Plymouth , Devonport , Tavistock , Truro , and ; ' County of Cornwall _*;' .. ' ..... ;•¦; ... 1 Swindon , Bradford Devizes , _Trowbridgoj-anvl County of Wilts _^ jt _";; v :,: _iw ....., v _^ . _^ l ... * _ViV ;' , - ; . 1 Southampton , _PoJMiliWhutb _^ _lsle'idf .-WigfitYand County oflJants _) . _; ........,. i _' ... _^ ' % . v . 1 Brighton ,. Hastings , and Sussex _... ¦ .. . ¦ . V . _& ... . ...... 1 Greenwich , Deptford , Rochester , and Kent i 1 Westminster and Maryleboqe ... „ . „;; ... ' . 1 Lambeth , _Southward and Surrev 1 Tower Hamlets ...... . ' . i
; City and Finsbury ¦ „ ¦ _\ j ,. The secretary reported , that the Literary Institution , CarlUle-streetjPortman-nwrket , had ' _hsenengaged for a public -meeting on TUuvsdav evening , January 23 rd ; hh . dr'tbnt : the British School-room , Cowper-street , City-road , hud been also _engaged for a similar purpose , on Monday evening , January 27 th . The secretary also reported , that tho United Councils of the Tower Hamlets met on Sunday last at the'Woodman Tavern , Waterloo Town , at which meeting about forty Councilmen attended ; and that after transacting their local business , it was unanimously agreed tbat a Ball and Concert bo held on
belialt ot the Executive Fund ; and a _sub-committcc , consisting of Messrs . Stubbs , Westody , NewJov . Reynolds , Ver'delle , Waldvon , and _Alsford , were appointed to carry _. out the same . ¦ ¦ , ' _MrvColloJ ; th \ secretar . v to the Committeo for tiie _Aboiittonof Taxes on Knowledge , attended a 9 a deputation from the said Committee to solicit the co-operation and _assistance ofthe Executive in this _^ _irtant . _object .,. ' ' _* _% . Collet , at great ' _-Icii gth , stated what thc" _- 'eo _** rr ** r iitiei ) hai _djiQie _^ _n > order . to effect the removal of the obstacles to p 1 ro _~ _gftissi ( nTt and trusted that they should havo tho support < . f ail true Democrats in their endeavours to break down these barriers to the spread of intelligence .
On tho motion of Messrs . Arnott and Harney , it was unanimously agreed : — " That Mr . Collet be received as the deputation from the Committee with thanks , and that this Committeo guaranteo thereto all the assistance in their power . " Mr . Collet having been requested to supply tiie secretary with a quantity of petitions for circulation , thun retired , and the Committee adjourned to Wednesday evening , Jan . 22 nd . Nominations received to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr . W . Davis , in the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association : — Thornton Hunt , Robert Le Blond , Huff y Ridley , Thomas Martin Wheeler , Edmund Stallwood , Edward Miles , and W . J . Linton .
The following was written in a letter to a fric _.-id who hud wrote to Mr . W . J . Linton , relative to his nomination , addressed from Mitcshle , Cumberland : — " If any number of my fellow-Chartists think 1 can serve them while I reside here , and only occasionally visit London , they may elect me to any office they please , and be sure of my attention to it . " All persons arc requested to voto for one candidate from the above list ; and where localities are formed , let tbem send their votes to the sub-secretary of the locality , who is desired to transmit such votes , with the members voting for each candidate , to the general secretary ; but where localities do not exist , the votes can be sent by letter , addressed to John Arnott , 14 , Southampton-street , Strand , on or before Wednesday , Jan . 29 th . All votes received after that date will be null and void . Signed on behalf of the Committee , John Arnott , General Seevetavy .
Metropolitan Delegate Cocncil.—This Bod ...
Metropolitan Delegate Cocncil . —This bod y met on Sunday afternoon at the City Chartist Hall , Golden-lane . Messrs . Milne and Arnott attended as a deputation from the Executive . Mr . Arnott was called to the chair . Deputies attended from the following localities : _—Liniehouse , Emmett Brigade , Greenwich , East London , Crown and Anchor , and Woodman . Minutes having been read and confirmed , money was paid in from several localities . — Mr . Blake moved , " That in future the Council should meet onco a month , as they had an active Executive in London they could dispense with their weekly meetings . "—Mr . Blyth seconded the motion . —Mr . Johnson attributed their slack attendance to the personal bickerings that had existed amon <* them . He thought it useless to con tin tie
meeting unless they had some definite line of policy to carry out ; at present they had none , nor had the Executive laid down any plan ; he was in favour of abstaining from beer and tobacco , of exclusive dealing , or some definite plan . They were all convinced of the desirability of tho _Cliai'lci _* , but they needed to be shown the means to obtain it . —Mr . Fletcher supported the motion . —Mr . Bloomfield was in favour of meeting weekly ; they bad plenty of work to do to assist the Executive in agitating London . The country would not send funds up to the Executive , if tho whole of those funds were spent in agitating the metropolis . —Mr . Ferilinan / Jo supported the weekly meetinir . lie did not think they could interfere with the Temperancuquestion ; there were societies organised for that purpose which had achieved but little good . . During the antagonism that was going on they should Ce on the alert to defend the Executive from the attacks made on them by the Manchester Council . —Mr .
Blyth spoke in favour of a weekly meeting . If the Council would adopt a system of sending lecturers into the districts surrounding London , they would effect grcnt good . He knew several places in Kent where they would willingly be at the expense of getting up meetings , provided they wero furnished with speakers . —Mr . Arnott was of' opinion that the Executive and the Council could act harmoniously ; the Executive intended to get up a scries of meetings in all the metropolitan districts , in which they could greatly assist them . They were in a rery critical position , and needed their most strenuous support . —Mr . Ferdinando moved , nnd Mr . Vickers seconded , " That in future the Council meet weekly , " which was carried without opposition , no votes being tendered for the original motion . A letter was read from Mr . Stallwood stating that as he was no longer a member of the Executive , he was deprived of his seat at the Council , but his best wisheswere with them . He recommended them to
promote the election of Thornton Hunt to the vacant seat on the Executive . Holyoake was a member ; 5 Le Blond was appointed ex officio ; and with Thornton Hunt they could carry out all the ideas of the John-street Conference . —After some discussion , it was moved and seconded , " That Mr . Stallwood he invited to sit and vote on the Council . " '—Mr . Milne argued that they had no power to confer a vote on Mr . Stallwood , unless elected by some locality . —The motion was then withdrawn , and a vote of thanks given to Mr . Stallwood for his long services on the Council . —Mr . Milne stated , that himself and Mr . Arnott were deputed to request the Council to assist the Executive in an extensive and judicious distribution of tracts both in London and the country . They could
not raise funds sufficient to send missionaries into the agricultural districts , and it was also difficult to get places to meet in ; but tracts , showing the social advantages which would result from the Charter , could be made useful in all districts , and might be made a means of raising funds , —Several delegates spoke in favour of the system , but wished to know how the details were to be carried out . —Mr . Arnott said the subject had been discussed among the Executive , but they had not prepared a plan , believing that their first great work must be to raise funds to relieve themselves from debt , and place tbem in a working position ; nothing should , for the present , be allowed to divert them from that
object . —Mr . Blyth moved , and Mr . Johnson seconded , the following motion : — " That the localities be requested to pay one halfpenny per week for each of their members , to form a tract fund ; such sum to be brought to the Council on the first Sunday in every month . " Carried . The delegates then had the good sense to resolve that the report of the Manchester meeting , held on the 4 th of January , was not true and faithful , ( not one of whom was present at the meeting in question , ) condemned the impartial leading article in this journal of the same date , because of its partiality , and found fault with Mr . Reynolds for not reporting their meetings at all , after which the Council adjourned . ... .
Haslet and Shelton . —The following resolution was passed at a meeting held on Sunday evening , January 12 th : — " That this meeting consider the policy of the Manchester Council put forth in their programme of business relative to co-operation as boing a departure from the principles put forth in their address to tho public calling a Conference , and further , this meeting pledges itself to the sunport ofthe first Conference called for purely Chartist purposes . " Manchester . —On Sunday , January 12 th , the usual Sunday evening meeting took place in the People ' s Institute . The meetin g was opened in the usual manner by reading Mr . O'Connor ' s letter from the Northern Star , and the Editor ' s leadin " article on " Chartist Policy , " which was loudly applauded for its very argumentative style ; after which Mr . Sutton called the attention of the audi-
Metropolitan Delegate Cocncil.—This Bod ...
.:. ' " '" fir _..::. Tr :.. ' ' . ' . . _— . _" :: .. •" . _•* . _' _eitoo to what had transpired last Suudnv . _ivening , and _^ thanked them oh behalf of tho Council for th < j support . th * ey _*** had -riven on that occasion ; ho had another" little matter to introduce to their notice respecting himself .- ' . Mr- Sutton " read a certain : declaration , and the _^^ names of those w"ho signed it , and ; Conimented _Aijion them individually , as- far ' aa _ihe'khet _fof them . Some , ho said , were qniie straugcrs "' to ; _- 'himvond the . Chartists of >! _'ii ' . ; hestor ; ° . _% * _'*> . he holioved , ' had joined only a few months ¦ s . mce _, and'tho greater portion of them w _.-ro only i
Known _smee-the memorable year _iSiS , _wm-reas ho hadi'hth pured ' _sb ' uo usly on tho Council since 1312 ; helm \ l . onde . _ivom-ed _. in that time to _cbt-. s _> for hiniselr a ' goba character , and he . believed h- r . u \ succoeded , front the confidence he had _nlaie-. _iu-him . Mr . Sutton excepted Mr . Sholmardine , ¦ _- ¦ _lio , ho _tuiiiewd , was an _hoiieit man . After w ich ho introduced Mr . It . G . Gimmago of Bu _. _Ingham , to address tho meeting . Mr . Oammngc sm v" ) a very interesting lecture on " The Genius of l > _.-. < , _vocyacy at , home and abroad . " After the ¦ lcotui ' e ;; voto of \ thanks was given to the lcctum \ - —0 ; Monday evening the Council hold their usual wve- . meet _, ing , and _. _aftef transacting local bus ine - ¦¦ Mr . R , _Shavicross wished to ask the Secretary a > icsiion , _stating ,-a * his reasons ,: for doing so , tl . : ' lie had . read ; somc . ' extract ' s of'hiijiutes ' respect i _' _- _-. -i _raoiu- \ _- \ _borVlneetinir held last'Sunday week iii _r-.. v , room . _v -
ami'from that report , some _persons had l . \ . led _toN _supj-ose that the Manchester locality c (¦¦ *• < - > d only v of forty-three member . *; ho ( Mr . _Sha-vcr- should _wish-tiie Secretary to state whnt'incnvh , _h 0 had on tho books , anu what was the aver---:- , ¦ _veekly expenses of . tho locality . It was also - ' u _.-. d that Edward' Hooson was " treasurer to th < omicil , which statement the Council knew was i « _ir rue ; ifc also stated that the Council was split , v . , -as tho contrary was tho fact , for thev were pet . o : lv _unanuiious . Tho Secretary said a few _tnou . ; _' « ho i _aTTi _owjrcvary saw a tew mow . ¦ ; i « 0 to taken T if t 1
_'nao . an average of _thive montha , -., » _. found that the avorago weekly expenses _weroi' _¦• _-, = v shillings per week , all the Council wovU" . .. r atuitouts y ; with respect to the _pavm- * mem : ' many hud heen struck off the honks by ihe late ¦ . ¦ _, . _" nry v a great number were out of work , and o ; ¦ , wero working short time , _mettibc !!! so situate ., ¦ ild nofc pay . The number on the books was ' a _.-ei- ; three liimdretl , and the paying members were _t » a hundred and sixty-three . Arrangements _ui-i-,- mi _) o to . v . _loidtng a public ; . meeting for the _i-1-ction of _dolegiit _,- _* to-the Manchester Oonferenoe ; : iij ( | Die Council _expressed , a wish that other _Unities would do likewise : V . - . . ' > _?
' __ ' SnKFKiELb . —The Council held their weofclv meeting on Sunday evening , in the Democratic Tempo . _. _i-ance Hotel , 33 , Queen-street , Mr . Uoli- e > - i « Uiq ohair . _, -After _-winding-iip \ the financi ; _. 1 business connected with Mr . Thonias ' _-Cooper _' s IK ' . -,. . _» tc , the question ofthe Manchester {)>< : ' _xn-. i _,... . _, J n , . _£ taken into consideration , _whevuupon it - _^ moved by Mr . Lye , and scc-oiidt'd by Mr . _Thw ¦ _¦> _Hat'ue : — " That a public meeting be called for \ vYii ; n _sday evening , in the above room , for ( iiu _purport' of electing a Delegate to the above Conference . " Tne
motion being put from the chair , was carried without a dissentient . On the motion of Mr . James Whaley 100 placards were ordered to be printed and _posfc- 'd , announcing the meeting . Carried unanimously . The Council seeing that Mr . O'Connor was about to visit a few towiis , it was resolved" Tbat the corresponding . secretary he instructed to write to the above gentleman , requesti _.-- * h ' uu to pay a visit either before or after the < s << _Chester Conference . " Thanks being voted to tl . i- _u-.-iv , tiie meeting adjourned . —Tiie Sheffield ChnrtUs havo resolved by their recent acts , not to be behind the friends in tho Potteries in the good work of j > v . ui tudc to their friend and _bem-fae ' eor , Fear-jus dV ' onnor , Esq ., M . P . A goodly mnnlicr of m _.-ni-j factured articles have beon given gratuitously , Li * -- weeds to he applied to the Honesty Fund . _As _* ttr » . ¦ y the way of donations will be thankfully _recoil fur the above specific Fund .
_AsiiTON-uNDEit-LvxE . —A meeting of the ¦ ¦¦/ . . hers of tho Ashton Democratic Association w . , . id in the Land Company ' s-room on Sunday last . * 'hc President bavins taken his scat , the ' niuotin ; was then opened by the reading ofthe rules oft ! :. _Association ; after which the following rosolu _^ _tn _.-s were passed : — " That a book fund be _established , to be supported by voluntary subscriptions and donations , " « That classes for the _teiehing of reading , writing , and arithmetic be opened iiurim- the following week . " " That a deputation be _anpomied to wait upon our democratic friends to solicit their aid in establishing our library . " The librarian then informed tho members thai : the books belonging to tho library wero now ready for circulation ; after which several new members were proposed for admission , and the meeting was adjourned till Sunday next , at ten o ' clock iiuhe _fon-noon .
Ciiiitlkcate Locality . —Ac a meetinc of members held on Monday last , thanks wero given to Mr . Jones for his attendance at Maiiehester . Messrs . Slocombe and Taylor were appointed delegates to the Metropolitan Council ; and ti . anks were given to Messrs . Brisck and Moving , the retiring delegates , for thuir services . [ The ' other portion ofthe report is an advertisement . ] Exbtkb . —At a members' meeting held on Monday , £ 1 15 s . was collected in aid of the Honesty Fund . Mr . Scott having rendered very rreai . assistance to the Chartist body , a vote of { hanks was unnnimousely given to him . ¦
; Covestiu-. —The Chartists held their usual meeting on Monday evening , when a resolution condemnatory of the Manchester Conference was iwloplcd , the Executive being the only body to whom tho power of calling a Coii ' cicucc is delegated , [ The other resolutions should have been sent to the Executive . ] __ Hull , —Tho following resolution was - ¦ ¦ . •¦ _sscd at tho weekly meeting of ilie . council and members , held at the Malt Shovel , North Church-side : — '' That this meeting views with sorrow , the unhappy difference existing between the Executive and tho Manchester council , and hope the d ' spuic will bo speedily ended , in order that all parties may work m union together , instead of _quarrc-ilim * . "
M Iij I—, Maximal Limnx Gomwmj.
M IIJ I— , Maximal _limnx _gomwmj .
Ashtox-Uxden-Lyx-*.—A Meeting Of Menr.Be...
_AsHTox-uxDEn-LYX- * . —A meeting of menr . bers was held on Sunday last in . _tlieir room , Cliarleitown , when tho following resolution was agreed to : — "That a Joan fund be established , in order to assist in the winding-up of the Land Company . " Several members then paid a shilling each , ants aareed to contribute more weekly . Hull . —At the usual weekly meetm , ' held at tho
Malt Shovel , North Church Side , " on Mondav Evening , January 12 th , the Secretary read from the Star the recommendation of tho South Shields branch , which was approved of , as the best means of assisting Mr . O'Connor in winding up tho . affairs of the Company , and whicli , if taken up with spirit , would afford amplo means to repurchase some of the allotments when brought to the hammer , rather than suffer them to be sold at a great . sacrifice . In consequence of the smallncss of tho meeting the discussion was adjourned until Mondav next .
National Charter League. A Respectable A...
NATIONAL CHARTER LEAGUE . A respectable and numerous assemblage of ( he members and friends of the League met at the rooms of that body , Talfourd Temperance Hotel , Farringdon-street , on Sunday _evening last , to hear a lecture from Mr . Philip M'Grath / The subje _.-fc for the evening was " Astronomy , " and Mr . M'Grath treated it in a maimer to make it instructive , entertaining , and elevating . All // resent were delighted at his exposition , and although exceptions were taken to some ofthe theories of Mr . M'Grath , by Mr . Side , yet this latter gentleman in the most handsome manner , in seconding a vote of thinks to tho lecturer , expressed tho admiration whicli he had experienced during the delivery of the address of Mr . M'Grath . The council and friends havo provailed upon the talented lecturer to promUu other addresses upon the same subject .
It was announced that on Sunday evening , 19 th January , a lecture will be delivered in the same room , by Mr . Hurst — subject , "Chemical Discoveries . " At a meeting of the Council , held on Wednesday evening—Mr . P . M'Grath in the chair—financial and other matters having been decided , Mr . _Doylo took occasion to call attention to a leading article of tho Northern Star of Saturday last , and expressed , in the warmest terms , the satisfaction which such writing in the Chartist organ occasioned him . He noticed to tbe Council the absence of all foul and vituperative lan guage , and tho general dignified and temperate spirit which the writer bad
exhibited . He ( Mr . Doyle ) had read the paper recently with more pleasure than he had frit for a length of time , and he could assure the Council ihat it afforded him infinite gratification to find that , at length , the Northern Star had , in the political philosoph y , literary power , and truthful exposition of its editorial department , placed itself on a level with the first newspapers of the daw lie concluded by proposing , — " That the Council presents its thanks to tbe editor , and names its anxious desire that he may succeed in the enlightening and clovating tusk which he has commenced . " The motion was seconded by Mr . Dixon , in an able speech , supported by Mr . Clark , and unanimously adopted .
M. Soyer Has Taken Possession Of Gore Ho...
M . Soyer has taken possession of Gore House , opposite the Industrial Palace , and he says , " It will be my study to dovote this establishment entirely for the display of tbe gastronomic art , where I am now making " preparations to-accommodate _thousauds daily at my Symposium of all Nations . " Cost of a Prosecution . — The Clerk of the Crown . T . S . Shuttlcworth , Esq ., has allowed to Messrs . Catterall and Cattcrall , solicitors , of Preston , for prosecuting Mr . Henry Bbickhurst _, at tho late Liverpool assizes , the sum of £ 211 lis . 4 < _i ., being the taxed costs of such prosecution . "
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 18, 1851, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_18011851/page/1/
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