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UEEHSH COLLEGE of HEALTH, New-^^ fioad, ...
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p5*-%t op Mr. Pkcaioht. — " In Louis J^p...
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THE LATE-EXPXOSION OF A STBAMER IN ¦¦ ¦ ...
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CAIdTORNIAST PBOSPECTS. We have the. imp...
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' As ExcELLEStt Cdee of a Deobdes rs ote...
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TBB HALIFAX^SHORT' TIME COMMITTEE -;'.;/...
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THE TEN HOURS BILL... Bahksist.—A meetin...
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Mekiiso of.; Delegates at Dukixfielo.—At...
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,««THE LMDBR^AND LOUISBLANC. ;I.-.' ;")'...
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, ¦»» . .. i .. " ...: ' .. '" .! RIGHTS...
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THBCONJJITldN^P ENGLAND z'S. Yl zojJmrWN...
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Furriers ...,i.v;iv;v„ 1,236 ; ; 46t? ' ...
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CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION O...
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Transcript
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Winding-Up Of Stock Companies.—Process O...
_AaiEBlCAS _AWAIRS . » . _Sip _^ ihe _'^^ _M _^^ May _^ AO ,,,, bil ,, billtfl *«* of : Mr . Grinadl ' a expeditioB-in _Si < _rfi < rf Sir _JohnFranldu . , vhu fully _puaed both _SteBrSBritish _AmbiasacloV _^ Sir _HyK'Bulwer , has _' _L _jeoWa _* letter » the _Secretary of SUte , _suowiifiS vourible _ffispbrition ; 6 n ' the partof the En | -. _tf *« _tf * eromen _^ _LLtwrftwrenbe to American » hippmj .: Mr . Bulwer _ea _thfcftntt this measure wffl be agreed on by his _HumSaBent , provided _tbeBwprodty Bill now bevieat feat destruction of property _huheea _occaswued Itestbe sodden rise of the Hudson _/ . Merrimack _, and _nmtcWctieu 4 _^ a * t " _^ _$ */ smaller streams iu _Jfew it ft Northern . New-Hampshire and Vermont . _( _A _. lrt _. _& eof the Vermont Central Railroad the l _^^ _bWP _rito _. Btnotleutam 200 , 000 _^
ppbe fbe cholera has made its appearance on several _wnbctmboats on * e _Mi «« _han _^ river , proving fatal in no » t Host _evary cue ; ! „ _IhefteMassachusetls Legislature adjourned on the inst inst ., after a sessionof , 1221 _daya . Ithaspatted E _9 bi bills and 111 resolves , all of which have reirad tad tbe signature . of the Governor . _rnelne Anmversarj of tbe proclamation _ofithe Be' sue Sue in France was celebrated : oh Saturday _eveni i _^^ a public banquet , in the , Ml of the-Coli _2 ' 2 The French Democrate n Xew York were . _^ entattue rwuuon , which included several its- . _^ Wished invited guests , and , among " them __ were
j _Tcefcelebrated Italian patriots , bignor rorrestif and _. nernertl Aveaamu The evening wu passal . intbe _llercierchange of patriotic sentiments and the enjoy . _Stri _'M hilarity , eloquent _addreMes being IMivered by M- Paul _Arpm , tte ; president of the ItuvtBval , and several other _interestog and powerful _latoators . ' . ' . . _-. - _,- _m _^_ - _- « : MiMr . FennerVon Fenneberg , a _wefl-kuown _Gertnw Democrat , arrived in . NewYoriton Sunday stst He was deeply implicated in the Vienna _innienrectionofOct . 1848 , and a reward was offered _U 1 _^ hi , person , alive . ordead , _byPrmceWtadisebiiWtx , after obUining possession ofthe city . He «« also engaged in the revolution ; of hutyear in ¦ ¦
i _»< _w ideii _« - - - - __ ,- ' - ...--.-..- ¦ TJ The Icarian community at Nauvuo are expecting la large reinforcement to " their numbers by . the arrii \ & of a number of _Swiss-ahd French : _famffies . On hishis lecount ,-they-have , g _^ Uy entargehed their ulbiQing operations . _Key are about to _^ apply for Atuttnakzttion , in orderthtt . "tbey : may : enjoy : all the _uluhts and privileges of American dtfeens . j Another-crevasseh » occurredori . the _Xfississippv a a the parish of St ; James , vibicb ; at the last _acstaninti , _wu 200 feet wide « d inx deep . . . Several _gggmtationa had been covered with water , audit was _didired tnat . _immeuM damage mustbe occasioned _be-[^« the crevasse * was . ' _stpjped . .,.. . " ! . . ' _^ i Proa Canada we have no ' adrices of moment ; the
• _ajaief event worthy of record being the issue of anoidier address to tbe people by the Central Commit-« _eeof the British-American League _^ in which they _tpepresenttbedutyofCsnadians to be tourgetfce _S _& nidian Legislature , ' , by petition , to pass an adbi & _ea'toh ' er Majesty ' andlraffi Houses of Parliament , nOTyingtbem ' to authorise , hy an imperial , act ,, to hie people , ' to whom tbey profess- to have already _granted self-government , to hold a general conven-Stion of . delegates for tbe purpose of considering and _preparing a constitution for the government of this _^ province , and with power to act in concert with _delegates from such of the other british ' provinces in ( Worth America as may be desirous ; of forming a [ federal union with' Canada , such constitution to be _ufterwards submitted to the people for _ratffica-Gtion .. Accounts from Buffalo , dated the 7 tb ,
reccaved by telegraph , announce tbe occurrence of a llimentable disaster on Lake Erie . Two steamers ( one in collision—one sank , with twenty-four of Iher Majesty ' s 23 rd Regiment were drowned , tolelbH with one officer and eleven passengers _. We have dates from California to April 1 st , by tie steamers Empire , "City , " and Georgia , _wLish arrived at this port yesterday , bringing ' tbe passengets 4 _ndmailsof the steamship California which reached Finams . on . the 23 d ulL .-. witk 1 , 700 , 000 dollars of gold dost on freight , and 230 passengers , who prohtbly bad with them half a million more . The _deetibn for county officers took place throughout the State on the day of the California's sailing . By this election , the organisation of the State was to be _oapfeted ard the remains of tbe old Mexican _systsnsetadc ' e .
We have advices from Mexico to the 11 tb ult . lid from Vera Crux , to the 14 th . The _City was ingnit excitement on account of the ; assassination of the Deputy , " Signor Canedp . The crime is supposed to have been dictated by political reasons . —The Members of Congress , the French Minister , and allien of tbe . Diplomatic Corps were present at fie / nneral ceremonies , wbich took place on tbe 30 th Hucb . General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna , the
_disfisguished Mexican hero , was making Carthagena Hi abode for the present . The wily wooden-leg faro intends to reside permanently ia the Republic d Sew Granada . It is said that he has a project en foot to unite tbe Republic of Mexico with tbe Etpublicof South America under a grand Republic of ths Pacific , with himself , it is _notTunlikely _. to be _tfcg hud of the federal alliance . He has some peat scheme on -foot which time will disclose He wishes to become the Bolivar of Colombia .
At the last dates from Bio . Janierb , tbe yellow feTer continued to make frightful ravages in that city . The shipping in the harbour had suffered _* ith great severity from the destructive epidemic . Several Americans have died on board different vessels . A number of Italian , German and English vessels have lost their whole crews , and in some instances their captains and officers . Several tf the foreign mercantile houses have been closed , Owing to the sickness of theu- inmates . Tbe Emperor bad experienced a slight attack ofthe fever , btttwas convalescent at the last accounts . By dates to the 12 th ult . from Truxillo , we learn hot the rebellion wbich was in progress in Honduras , at our last advices , has been completely
uuelled . The leader of the movement Guardiob , was instigated by Joureque , a chief of the aristocajfc party , who is supposed to have been in league " hi the British Consul Chatfieid . It . was proposed to overthrow the present government , placing Oaarm _^ lamthePresidehtial Cbair , - and making fee State of Honduras an Independent Bepnblie , _TtoAer the protection of Great Britain . ' The British Ccmsnl was to advance the rebels , 1000 _, 000 dols . in aid-of the project . A treaty of alliance was then to be made with Great Britain , allowing _^ all her . ' claims
_mmeHasouito Territory , and pledging Honduras _wcedeno ' part ofher domMons to any other power tban Great Britain for twenty years . . The rebels _sobered to the numherof about 500 under Guar ; 'Sola , but were soon put down by tire spirited mea _HTes of "the government . ' 'Joureque t ? as taken _gisoner , Gnardiola banished to Salvador , ' and _ftistillo , -who took an active part in thb operation w the rebels , was shot . In other partsof Central ¦ _unerica , the country is represented as bemg in a * _kte of disturbance :- Carrijra ; a former President , lad perished ina guerilla engagement .
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Ueehsh College Of Health, New-^^ Fioad, ...
UEEHSH COLLEGE of HEALTH , _New-^^ _fioad , London . - . * B 3 _mJfoTn 5 TasBES , —The fonowing is the ' inscriptioa _^ _UiebootcojifajnmgthePeatidntothe House of . _Coia-^ . _^ ned ty 19 , 930 persons against pharmaceutical _'" _Sins _^ _:-. " MEUOEIAL -OftaeSames of the 19950 _dependent lnaividuals who agried thePetition presented to tiie House of Commons , , _„__ _OaTo _« aay , the 15 th of Jane , 18 * 7 , - _vmoga . Sir _Bes _^ _annaHau , _; Bart , 1 PP . for the Sorough -.:: . _ofSt-Mkrjlebone ) , ¦ ¦ .. ¦ - . - . i AGAISST THE DEADLY P 0 IS 05 S - -
. Used or _hda out as _Medicmes by Doctors , ; - inordertoproptlieir 'Gmnea'Eniuef _^ rlitradeistheMOtof _att evils as regardsi lie public _S _?^ ; the canse of hospitals aad lunatic asylums beiDE _Sia vim . diseased ubjects ; . and , above aa , the cause of 2 * Persons lives being kept in constant jeo _^ rdjthroogb _™ _deadh ob ° miw _» _i _« which doctors have introduced ia _^ topHmop that trade . " . . ' _tbeconteatsofttewotkareasfouowsv- , *• Case of Miss Abercrombi _^ poisoned by _Strychaint _Reported by Ifr . Sergeant , now Mr . Justice Talfourd . _y Death of _Watnwrijht , ber Murderer . * _Saleof Pmsnni . .
j _Harchioaess of _Brinvifliers . '• Aeoomt of tiie Aqua _tofima . ' - _ ... J "holesale Poisoning during the Boman Bepublic '• BeoeutCasesofPoisoning . , - ¦ _" ¦ ** e & ceto ; tiie Seventieth Thousand of " The , K odsoidana , " _^ . ' '• _fea dr _^ iam _' s Case : a whole family * a _* ed by *»• < e _|« aKe Universal Medicine , after h aving l » e * , _, ac ddfintaDy poisoned by arsenic . _ - '¦ . _^ 8 lS 8 portrf _** British _c _^^ _^ Heaiai _^ _f _& dpks of me Hygdan System of _Medidne . **• _^ terto the Lord Bishop of London on the Sanitary _U _^ _tsfiua . TJ _^ efiue aBa _PrtgressoftheBritishCollegeofHeBiai _S _^« Pubfished by the British College of Heal * , as ** _oad . Price 2 t . 6 a : _^^
P5*-%T Op Mr. Pkcaioht. — " In Louis J^P...
p _5 _* _- _% t op Mr . _Pkcaioht . — " In Louis J _^ pe _s time , " said Mr . Piscatory the other day fr _^ Sep of _*» _^ _J _* 6 Bourbon , to bis . dear _ttr _^& ougbam , " Guizot and I used to row in _qvJSP" _* boat , " at which the noble convert to tioHj ft _^» " _Aye _» aye ! tBt n 0 t _^
The Late-Expxosion Of A Stbamer In ¦¦ ¦ ...
THE _LATE-EXPXOSION OF A STBAMER IN ¦¦ ¦ . _"•"¦" : T _^ . AMERICA ; ¦ _";¦•"• ¦ :: ¦ - ¦ ¦ _^ ftbhi'furth er' _!^ aO _^^ j _^ Via | piioaian _" 'bf th _ejteamer _Vaiaj _^^^ _e-the ' fd _^ •' , _5 f £ eea _° f * he crew , m cludmg ' captiun , mates , clerk , saloon-keeperi . twq wheelmen ,- _( tbee ' firenien ; one porter , two deck hands , barber and chambermaid were saVeaV _;; . _^ v . ¦ ' ¦ _wr .:. ;'•;; ' : TheCapUin is of the opinion that there were about 130 onboard . ' liso , the loss of life has been terrible ~ hot _^ _less ' tbah seventy-five to eighty . ; Tbe _salooH-keeper , wbb was up and amomg the passengers _. _jtbjnks there wai not lesi than 100 . The clerk makes it at _| buf the same . ; ';" One of the survivors gives the following account of this frightful" accident : — _,. --
: 'The Anthony Wayne left Sandusky thont halfpast ten o _' clockj The Superior Bad half an how the Start . After leaving tbe harbour , our boat _steered directly for Cieayeland . The lights of the Snf erior were then in _sight Soon after passing the quierbar , the Captain > md first _^ mate turned in . _; and so did ' the passengers . ; The second mate , Starkweather ,: I ; ad charge of . the ; deck . About halfpast one _; o ' clock I-went out of the _saldon , leaving Meade the barkeeper there , and joined' the' mate near the bow . We had' been conversing about a minute , when __ I- hiaid a _dulipheavy , sound , and thought the ; weasel b _^^ i _^ % *«; . _a ' au _^ _aa at e mate , ' what u jh « _£ j / . 1 _^
* _nd , «» w _Jhe . « fr ; n _^ ed , _^ rithv-steam ; -. sparta _, flying timber and .. boird 8 _| _^ _icbJunneys . aud pipes ' falling ' : The mats said ' weareblown up" and cbinmeifced ringing the belli ; One ot'the botteri was ' thrown fromits _^ _bedoponthecaWndeck ; . Tne < ap < wn : and first mate rushed from tbeif ' . _sUte-rboms _jjp . deck . The ' . _captmnX _fifaV _WttJ . wtt' _^ _j _^^ _jn _^ pp _^ w the boat , was ;; _lurchmg' to larboard . ' . ' _? _TneV _« aptain and . Edgcoibe _^ remain _^ ou _. _ibo _^ until _tht boat . was about to . siok , v Most , of , the -passengere'were forward .:- The _ciptain went in a -life-boat with ! five others ; : About the same time , " the two mates , with two others , hunched the big yawl ,-and-rowed for a _^ Ka _roundthe- _wreckj _/ _pickmg' _^ _sdtteeld in _tfie water ; ; : * V .: "' . '¦ ' ' ¦ ¦ '" ' '
__ The mate , with somedozeai others in the yawl , espied ayessel ' in tbe dutince , made for it , aud _. at last . succeeded in reaching the , schooner : Elmira , which _imajediately commenced beating down to the _wrecky ; whichsbe reached ; _aboat bslf-past seven , a . m .-an 4 took off the uninjured ,. scalded , and dead ' fc < _mfteitttck _; ''! r •; - ;' ; ; 'V . ; ¦ ; ; V ; . •;' : _;;^ _. ; ' ;; ' " . . _Whehlhe hull - went' down , . ' the ' _cfliui ¦ ' broke in t _^ p ie _^/ tiie ' ' smkller , remammg . . attached . " to the mast by the shroiids , and the latter to , tbe stern , by the tiller ropes . > Oh the first was . Messrs . Mollen ud _Pettinger , .. and some sir or eight others—on the ' . latter , Air . Eddy , thirteen others uninjured , one badly scalded and three dead ; ' Thecabin floated , but the doo ' _rs , panels , ' _& . ' being ; _can-ied away , ' it rose as close to the top " or hurricane deck as bedding , . chairs , & c ,.. would ., allow , ; ieayingtbe deck about tiro feet above water .. Oa this deck the
survivors and the dead remained daring sir : Iong hobffj while this" frail support heaved _^ with every _indolation of the lake , shaping itself tothe waves . -Four women and two " children were on the" _wrecks and they bore up nobly . Those on the forward portion were most exposed to the action of water , and were neady 1 firozen . :, _/ " ' z \ ' '¦' . ' . ' . ' - _" _,- ; _V- " _' .- " _^ !¦' _' ; Tbe case' Of , Mr . Archer . Brackney V- of thriiling . interest . He was oh his way from . Lafayette , , 1 a . to Philadelphia , with , the remains of his wife and child , recently deceased . Both ofthe corpses were inclosed in one box . When the explosion took place he succeeded < in dragging his . two living children from their reams , and with them plunged into the
water . - ' After swimming around for a short . lime , lie come in- _confocf with the , Joir ' omifouunehiswife and child . Upon . this be succeeded for sometime in keeping . ; himself . and children . from .. drowning , althbuugh every wave , would ; roll his frail support and . plunged , them in the water , until at last his little _; boy , two years old , was drowned in bis arms . After becoming satisfied that bis boy was dead , he reluctantly parted with " tbe body , and turned his attention to the rescue ; of the femaiuin ' g child , who was clinging around his neck , " crying . . ' Papa' we stall drown ! ' He finally succeeded in : gaining . the floating part of toe wreck ; with his little daughter , and both were saved .
Caidtorniast Pbospects. We Have The. Imp...
_CAIdTORNIAST _PBOSPECTS . We have the . important mforinatio ' n of large failures in California , principally' among those engaged in land speculations . The commercial review of tbe California markets supplies some information on the subject ; but our private despatches give some painfnl particulars , such as are deeply calcu lated to shake pur confidence in a large portion of those who claim to be business men in that region . We are also struck with amazement at tbe singular requisition from the state itself , on the collector of the port of San Francisco , Mr . Collier . The state authorities , on the 1 st of April , demanded the revenue , of the United vStates derived from . that port to be surrendered froth , that day , as . due to their government .: We were prepared for much , but not
fortius . It . is something that ambitious men might dream of , but _^ which it ia difficult _., to realise in such a shape . Bnt we " must address , ourselves to this subject on another occasion . _ Jt . _ i 3 _. with the land speculators of California that we are aow . concerned , and it is with no little regret , with little surprise , and with no very well founded hope of a better state of things as respects real estate ; that the reaction long since predicted by us , as the necessary result of speculation , has commenced . We did not suppose , however , that the bubble would burst under eight or ten months . While we were only
anticipating it , the work of revulsion has commenced in such a way that ' all the mad schemes and speculations appertaining to lands and land titles will bring about disappointment , despair , bankruptcy , and rain , to those who are engaged in them , aud will prove the insolvency of hundreds who have been reputed wealthy . This has always been , ' the case in similar speculations . The Maine , land spe . eolations , only about twenty years ago , were of this character , resulting in mischief to thousands who departed from the legitimate channels of trade for the fortunes which glittered in lands , logs , and moonbeams * . ' .
Californian firms are _iiow ; suffering largely from the failure of some of the most prominent speculator ? . - One of these ' men , unriva ] Jed . for large operations , _bjaborst all to , pieces in his real estate bperatidns _^ _-his ' _notes have ; been 'dishonoured , ' and how far his own ruin may tbach the . credit of per-80 _DS in California , or on the Atlantic . board , ' canuot be known . We have authority for saymg , however , that some of bis real , estate , ' fbr , which . he . paid 300 , 000 dollars , would ' not fetch , one-sixth '; of that _stunl . Thegreat commercial firm [ recently _eoae , to pieces , may wind up with' a' favourable * show " of asserts ; yet such failures _^ must tend very , forcibl j to impressupbn the community the . importance , " of the largest degree of caution . Merchants , should
stick to figures , and not to chances , if they would be safe in such seasons of speculation . Everything that looks like undue excitement should be . suspected as dangerous . ' , We . have , no "' donbii . if the truth were known , it would be found that , _tbeirej is little soundness in the houses connected , with _Jand speculations ; because , for . many months , ' there has been " going on a series of . frauas , conspiracies _atd forgeries among the land speculators , which must eventually break but into public view , compact and entire as now appears the surface of things te delude credulous victims . Tbe . United States will have a searching investigation into ber titles to the public lands ; and any frauds which have been attempted , however high-banded , or from whatever source , will
throw California back .. Indeed , we do not well see how anything " else is to be expected than a complete revision of many of the transactions which nave taken place . ' To begin anewi to go over thei whole ground : again , and to soberly . work Out the _owheVshipofreal estate in California , seems to be the only course that can be adopted . If this should hot be aonei endless litigation will distract society , " and the masses , of hard labourers in the fields of gold will become the serfs of a few lords of the land—a few minins buccaneers—whose authority , in many cases ; will be ' derived by knavery , frauds , and robbery ofthe . country . - - ¦ Tbe ' commercial aspect of California is of a more
wholesomecharacter , and should be a subject'for rejoicing .. The mad prices are coming down intba reasonable form ; _^ and out _] 6 f this new sta _teI ' of things we may look for a happy improvement "in all the legitimateoffices of labour . This is the bestfeature that we perceive ; and it is fortunate for the Californians that tbe land bubble speculation has been pricked at ' _so early a period . ' Had it been buoyant eight or ten months longer "; it would have been far more ruinous . It will be bad enough now , and only crushed when the ambition for personal aggrandise ment has toppled over the master spirits , who are virtually at issue with the federal government . — Aew York Herald . !
' As Excellestt Cdee Of A Deobdes Rs Ote...
' As _ExcELLEStt Cdee of a Deobdes rs ote _SioKica _Eftecied Br HoiiowAT ' s Puis . —A lady , an , intimate Mend of the family of General _Bosa's ,. Governor ofthe Bepublic of La Plata , declares that she was lately cured of a disorder in the stomach , and restored to perfect health by the use of thU admirable remedy . She had consulted them 6 sfc « uuaeutphystciaBsiathe ;« uutry , but had not been able to obtain any relief from the complaint that was Iduing her . as she said , by inches , until she _teokHolIoway's Puis . John Eastman , Esq ., an eminent merchant of Buenos Ayres , communicated these particulars to Profei _sorHolloway , ma letter date _4 ith _Ssptember _. _lM ? , ,
Tbb Halifax^Short' Time Committee -;'.;/...
TBB HALIFAX _^ SHORT' TIME COMMITTEE _- _;' . _;/ . _^ _-- ; . TO LORJ _)^ SHLEr . " : _U'Z <\ ¦¦¦ _" '' _yMYi-I _^ _nn _^ The . Short - TimeCommittee _^ f _Halifethaveread and considered your lordship ' s letter . They notiee with surprise and grief that yod bare accepted Sir George _^ Grey ' _s measure , . whicb is to lay upon . those who were meant to be protected by astatate of Parliament ; tw 6 ' hours ' of additional labour every week ; arid . that , yo _« Aave _thw abandoned the Ten Mows Bill , . which Was" fifty-eight hours only .. Youhdye thusseparated yoltmlj'from a _^ _andour constituents , and we feel that we bare aright to complain of the course you have taken ; For you undertook this ' course ; in 1833 , as brie of limitation to fi _% -eight hours a week and ! no more .
And the reason ypu give us for relinquishing what you allow to be " our undoubted' right " . isi not founded upon _wsiicB _/ but upon a _wbono , which vou were bound , as we think , to have resisted at all naiards ; Your wordsare "the two hours are your undoubted right , ' . ' meaning that they are , ' by law ;' our own , not for . work , but for . leisure . ' Mow ; my lord , what are _fte facts ? 1 st . ' Parliament and the Queen meant the parties referred tb in , the act to have fifty-eight hours labour per week , and no more ; and . that ¦ continuously , * and without relays . 2 nd . _^ Parliament blundered in wording the act , which , was meant ; to secure this protection . 3 rd . The millowners ' seized . hold of this blunder , and proceeded to _annot . ' distress , and _onnrassthe
parties intended . ; to be ; . protected , ith . The advantage . thus . afforded , . arid , thus taken . by the _milJowners is morally wrong , though not legally ponisha We . ' _Taere facts your'lordship allows ; ¦; and y _^ _'atf'hoqgh _ypnhad _fbrg-ottehrtbat the vantage ground of the _^ millown ' ers was ' unjust and immoral , and that the _unskilfulness of Parliament' gave them this-power to do wrong with _impunityj " you argue _* _Ws—^ 'Tou , the operatives , have ah undoubted if ight to a secure Ten Hours Bill , or fifty _^ igbt hbiirs per week , and no more , for all . parties protected by it ; v But tbe . law gave the _inillownersarange ' of fifteen hours a day . for their _" cohyenieneej though not fp ' _rjybur ; . annoyance . " Tbey , ; howeyer , ;; abuse this range , ' and employ relays or shifts which
Parliainent intendeil to abolish . . Herein the . ' miubwners inflict on you nwr < z _// y , an « na _" ouote _^' _«^ ono , ; thdugh as theletter of the . _actnowitandsj theymay do . sd without punishment .. ' . , Tbe government and myself now propose not to ' _anuind'dur ' _omissionsl arid ; secure your . unububted . rightj . but ' tliaty 6 ul the Pob ' B _,-sliall f iveup . yoOT _^ _uM m ay jnne ' e the millowners ; tub bich , " to abstain , in future , ftbin _perpetratinganlundo words , ' ' . ' iHB'fei 6 H _^^ _^ wiii _. dease ' _. tonppr _^ _SB and annoy you , ; if you ,. _Tui _^ boB , . will , consent to work , two _bbura . a" week _loriker tbah '; bargain ; arid give up so far' your' ' " undoupted . ' rigb _^ 'r _^ My _^ _. lord _. _iw ' ecan scarcely believe our own eye 3 , aud ears , ! . Was there ever in principle & more unjust caul immoral pro-? ¦
posal ,, __ . ; _.,,.,-.-...,-, ;; _- ; _„ _m > : i ¦ ; Were ' ad . bf practised thieves entering into treaties to restore' stolen p late ,, ; jewels , ' and _parchriiehts , _^ upon conditions . ; _, i * ou . aiid the government will not propbs ' o ' an _ActHo' make ; this legal , and why ? Because it would be _a _^ _, _WROSG _' _,. _iaIKB _., _MCHVV But you do propose _^ that' . we sbbuidJcVmpound-. acts . _^ _^^^ robbery and ' oppression" with 'iheriob , who . areput ( by ' your , blundering ) into a" position , ' to . injure lis with impunity , and to rob usof ' our . _cededxigbts _^ ahd that by the unskilfulness or negligence _^ ' . of parliament ' . ' But then , ' _riiy'lbrd , wb ; are _poob ;! . ' !! Is this Ju 8 _ticer-is this a Christian Act or proposal ? Or _is-notthis _^ one' law "for the' rich , and another _, for the poor ? r ,.: _We . regret to close our long corinex _; tion with : yprir lordship , with-So little , comfort ' to , ourselves ; _and ' so little credit to you j'but . ' we thank
God that he has raised us up a "friend m need , " arid we , hope * ' a friend mdeed , '' arid we . _willstand by Lord John Manners , while" he stands by the right , audi leave our cause tothe protection of the God of truthand . 'love . '"; ., ' . "'" .. , ¦' . _ c \ , ' - " .. ; : ' . " . . ; '' _\ ' _" . ' Signedon _, _bebalf 6 f the . CommHtee ,: . " . .. _'Z-. \ ¦ - _^ _ohsSrariKJaisb , ' _Secretary . ' " We , have ' come'to the / following _resdjution ' : _^ . _' * That . the parties , protected by the Ten Hours Act haye ' an undoubted right to claim . of ' thelegislature to secure to them , _wtAptit ' _anjt ! diminution or annoyance ,. the . possession of that protection ; that to ask them to labour two hours loogcr weekly , is unjust and unreasonable , and that , disagreeing entirely with Lord Ashley , ' this Committeo will give to Lord John Manners their confidence and support . " , ' , ' " ' ., ' . ' . ' _-,. "' . . ' _, ' \
The Ten Hours Bill... Bahksist.—A Meetin...
THE TEN HOURS BILL . .. _Bahksist . —A meeting of ; delegates from each of the factories of this district was held at Mr . George 'Utley ' _s , ' on Saturday' riigbt , May 18 th , and after a long and-anunated discussion , the following resolutions were agreed / to / _i-i- ; " That' the delegates here _, assembled cannot agree to the extension ; of the hours of labour in factories for young persons arid womeri , beyond the period set forth in John Fielden ' s Act . "—" That the ; tbanks of the delegates , on the partof the factory workers of the . _Barnsley district , be most respectfully given to Lord John Manners , ' fbr his conduct in the House bf . Commons , in nobly taking up the cause of the factory children , when shamefully , abandoned by Lord Ashley . "— " That the thanks of the delegates be also given to the editor and . proprietor of . tho Aorthern Star , and tbe other _portions of the public . press which have advo-. cated the integrity of the Ten Hours Bill .
Mekiiso Of.; Delegates At Dukixfielo.—At...
_Mekiiso of . ; Delegates at Dukixfielo . —At a general meeting of delegates , representing Ashton , Stalybridge , " . Hyde , Dukinfield , and l _^ ewton , held on Sunday ,, the 19 th inst ., at the Bush Inn , Oxford Road , at ; which meeting . fifty-five delegates , were present , the following resolutions were unanimously agreed to : — " That ; this meeting . expresses , _its unqualified censure of the base and treacherous conduct of lord ; . Ashley , in betraying ! the factory-WOrkers in . general ,, and more particularly , the women and children . ' .- —f * That _this-meeting ; after hearing the various statements of ihe delegates present , in reference to the base and unmanly treachery of many ofthe old Central Committee , and of Philip Grant in particular , look upon their conduct with
abhorrence and disgust , and ,- in future , are _determmediieveragain to trust them , and would recommend all who are reall y anxious to gain an efficient Ten Hours Bill to do likewise . — " That this _meeting pledges itself to resistrevery measure infringing on the two limits—ten hours per day , and fifty-eight per week—and . that it uses every constitutional means to assist Lord John Manners in bi 3 noble and praiseworthy : efforts . to obtain- an efficient - Ten Hours Bill . " - — "That a petition be adopted by this meeting , signed by , tbe Chairman , and forwarded to LordJohn Manners for " presentation to the House of ; Commpn 8 . !'~" That ; the ; best thanks of this meeting are due to Lord John Manners , ' . George
Banksj Esq ., and others who have kindly consented to plead our .-cause in parliament , and gain for lis . that jprotection . which is so essential to our moral and social welfare /' _-r- _' . ' That in the event ofa general . election taking place , this meeting pledges itself to . use every . exertion to _retuni parties : pledged to support the _^ _Ten-Hours _B-lL ?' r- ' . ' That 5 this meeting approves . of the straightforward _^ and _< manly course pursued by ; the Lancashire Central Committee for the Ten Hours _factory . Aoti ; meeting in 27 , Bloom _, street , ; Portland-street , : Manchester , and-pledges to give them its warmest support , so long as tbey maintain theu * present : honest ' and true adherence to the Ten Hours Bill . "—*? That a district committee
be appointed to meet , as occasion may " require , to carry out tiie . _spuit and intentions Of _theabovel" _^ . " . That : the : _aforegoing resolutions be sent for _public cation . to ; tbe ; _rifcrn » no Post ,: Northern _Starf London rtro « ,. and the _^ _ifoncflester Spectator . —A yote ! : of thanks was given to the Chairman , and tbe meeting separated .. _^ . - ;; _- ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦ - ¦• ' - ¦ . _-: ¦ . '• ¦ _-...- - ;• ¦ -t
,««The Lmdbr^And Louisblanc. ;I.-.' ;")'...
, «« THE _LMDBR _^ AND LOUISBLANC . ; I _.-. ' ; " ) ' to rms _editob of _laByoBThEHNSTiB . .. | , ; _Sini—At the Congresswhickybu reported iri last week ' s StaK an ihcohefent arid ejaculatqry discus _^ _sibu ' arbse respectmg : a corite ' mporary paper , when Mr : ; _StaU wbod _^ _r hiriiself amember of the . ' _, Congress and reporter to yourjourrial-faddresscd me iri these words :-t" Did not the _Lea der . attacfcLbuiai Bjanc VI _answeredZ'NoY it _Jonly criticised hiiri ' . " , _'; He rer plied , "I shall put it down that you confess that the _Leader'did'attack' him ';" , aridhe biispuHt down accordingly iri your last week ' s Star . Permit me to explain as much to those who do not understand this mode of reporting . . .. ' . ' .. ' _,- ; _[ ' ; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . I am , Sir , yours faithfully , " _.- ' . G . Holtoake : ; BeasonerOffice , May 22 , 1850 .
, ¦»» . .. I .. " ...: ' .. '" .! Rights...
, _¦»» . .. i . . " _...: ' .. '" . ! RIGHTS OE WOMEN / . The New York correspondent of the Daily Aetos supplies the . following : —A convention , composed of five hundred women , recently met at ¦ Salem ; -Ohio ; to . consider , tbe social , ' intellectual , and _apolitical condition . of the sex ; ( There ' twere a president ; three ' _vicerpresidents , an ' d : three secretaries , besides a business committee .: An address :. was read : comT plaining of the _Jegalliabilities to which : womeri are subjected , the want of protection fori their labour , their inability to obtain fbr it a . fair remuneration , and the inequality of , their . position ; as component parts off he state . Many cood speeches were made
by the ladies , and many spirited _. _lettersjwere read on the occasion , all of which breathed a spirit of _re-r siBtance " to the overbearing tyranny bf the other sex . " The _> rights of women were proclaimed in a tone ' not to be _iriisurider ' _stobd , and it seemed for two days % if . tbe ' meri _, would have _toddri the petticoats , and the ' womeri were about to seize the nether ; furcate integuments of man . The resolutions passed were twenty-two in number , and _^ are of considerable length : - __ Tbeydeclafe that alllaws' which prevent women from pursuing theu- own substantial happiness are contrary to nature , equity , and justice ; and that to make them subject to laws , with the enactment of which they have nothing to do , U also
, ¦»» . .. I .. " ...: ' .. '" .! Rights...
unju 3 Mhat , aH rights areihuman ; rights , iand , ! ib course lrrespectiye . _ofisex-that the submission _fof : _!?? 8 e . ? , to laws _madejorahem without . their _consent , is a proof of . their , degradation- _^ that the good : oi , tnerace , demands , ; the _extension . of the . eleotive franchise to . _women-that the : control of , their ; _pro-^ W _and _- . of their . , ch . iJdren , 1 iby-the . men , reduces ¦ _W- . _S ? thd condition _ofslaves ; that all distinctions . oetween men and womeni- based : on . the _difference ° l 8 ex wrong , _andshduld bo abolished- ' ThBt tn _8 , Praptiseof holdingwomenamenable to . adifferent standard of propriety and moralitv than : _thht
to which menareheldameriable , is unjust arid _un-i S ™ > ana highly .: detrimental , to domestic and a 0 _% _tl Tirtue and happiness / 'i 7 i _? _? . ZZ :: _h - ;; \ _-.- _;; , -. j ; ine _ladiesalsoresolved , thatour mild republican goyernmentwas in facta ; tyranny ; . that tbey : were oppressed , taxed without representation , degra ' ded ; - _3 n _« s . J _^ tedto . miseryandbrimo . In short / they published an address , and resolved to meet annually un | llpneycould . obtain their rights . .. > , ; ; . . Someof them . _expressed their . high satisfaction at an . article on / 'Woman /'/ whiohriappeared -in- the _Janwwy . number ' -of _' the Westminster , Review :
Thbconjjitldn^P England Z'S. Yl Zojjmrwn...
THBCONJJITldN _^ P ENGLAND z'S . _Yl _zojJmrWNz , _i / : ; _, . .. ( Condensed . fromi _thevifcrmn _^ Chronicle . ) ' _^ _BaACE-MAKING-THB - _CHIOKWEEI ) AND 7
l , \ _- " _- _' - _' _- } - GRUXSELL _HAWKERS' _> j The following particulars were '' communicated by a couple visited by the Chronicle's Mropolii & hk ' or-. respondent ; :- _^ - ' -.- ¦•' ' - -it » . ' ¦ ' : ¦>' _.:-- _~ >> i _?¦ _- •' -- ¦; - _,: ' ! j _^ _,- : ' _brace- " 8 ewirig . for : _iridia-fubber braces , " said the woman ; _^ '"I stitch the " _btraps On to * the india-rubber _^ webi ; "I take the ' m frbm : a person that has tnenvfrohi the warehouse . " SKe is _' a brace-sewer as _ffelli i _Tdon'tknow , why ! can't have them from thowarehouse , _lm _" 8 urei :,, , I veiddrie them for this person _for-tbese fchree ' years ; " Theyaro given j out to'herwith the _' _-atrap 3 pierceld ready ' for _atitbbing , and ' Bhe gives them ' out to _' me ' : ' . Ihave 3 jj . a dozen forthecommqri _^ generallywhat'Ihas' is comriion , and if thelon g _strapa ' are stitched all rouri'd , 1 b » ve _Sdi _a'dozeh ; : that ' s the' highest' pricVl _4 ver had , nd
a- . 1 have been upwards- of -three" years' at ; the _buBiness . ; I can't accomplish a dozeri ; bf the _tbi-eepenny _' qiiite in a _dayl ' . I finish tnemthe _' next morningi ' I work from about eight o ' cloek , in themVhmgiand i _hafe ; ' been . at work " ' aa _lattifta' eleven oclockat night ; ' rgenerally'leave off at half-past eight or nine- _^ M y'day ' s ' work is' always" twelve hours—never _ho'less ; dfteh'iriore : when' I'm f ( ill _Vmployedr -Working _twelve hbiirs I can' ito about eight or nine pair in the' _daybf ' tho ' common '; ' and half-a-dozen of _^ the best in-the sairio ' tiriie . _^ Icari't accomplish _' . mdre than four _^ dozeri of the cbriimona't 3 d . in the week / ' withdbiiig _^ _f _trmy littlefa ' mily _,:-as well you know . ' I have two childferi _^ seven arid ten years old . I ' ve never had '' afull' week ' of the best .
I dare _say-Icouldn t do more tbkn ' thre ' o dozen _, 6 f them , hut-I never triodi _; Myearnirigs ' a ' rd ' abbiit Is . ' to _lsV ' _-Sid . every week ; working six _^ da ' ysi ' of twelve hours .- - My work ; _Tshbuld think , - ' costs' me threehalfpence extra every week for my ' candles . My weekly expenses for my work ; theri ; ! are about 2 ld ' .. for cotton and candles . ' ' ¦ It _lwill _'bbst , me 2 _Jdl to earh-lsHri'the ' week , ' _sotbat ' all : i ge _' t fi ' cle ' _arisSJdi , When -f make ' ls . ; 3 d . y I use tHe . % est _' part ; bf an . ' ounce " of cotton _f'the ' _stitohed work' ' takes a great , deal ? : -I thing it costs : irie ' at' least 3 d . to get , , that ' much :- l'm _sure'I burn' three-halfpenny-worth of candles extra ; iri ; the ; week / ; My _;^ greatest _^ clear earnings . that -lever made' ' ¦ ' wa ' slls . _- , _' :: . that is ; i besides . ' all expense .- ¦ Wheri I first ' workod for the party . ' as ,
gives the work to' me ; those that 1 get ' _-3 d . '_ a . . dozen for riowwere' Sid . their , ' arid those' that _Tget'Sd _.-ifor nowwerefld ; -The pric ' efell the sumirior before last . I ' m- rather a : quick barid at the business . ' That is theexterit thatTearri ; , ' Ican't' hardly tell youhow we b ! o _.-liveyiipbuMt _^ attimes ; ' _'My _' . husbarid . sells chickweed and'grunsell , 'arid' getsi 'from . ' ' 4 s . , 6 d . tb _os . a week . My boy earns nothing , nor does my girl . 'Mylittle boy did go to the , ragged ; school , but _^ he hasn't- any shoes at preserit , _-ao I haven'f sent , him lately . , The girlhas ; beetf'to a : free school , "but : ndt lately . ,. To say . the _. _' truthj _, their clothes are sbbad that I ' m ashamed tb ' sehd tbeni . _" _I'tben _sought toasceftairi frbni' 'the ; mah ; ' some account of his trade . ' ' _^^ followirig is . his
statement : — ' VI _; seU-chickweed and g ' _ruriseH , arid turfs for larks . . TliatVall I sell , . ' unless Us a few nettles , that ' s ordered . 'I-believe' they ' re for tea ,, , sir . . I gets the chickweed at Chalk Parm . Ipayribthing for it . I getsitout ofthe public _fieldsi _^ _lEvery morning about seven I goes for it . " The gruris ' _ell a gentleman gives meleave to get out of his garden : that ' s downBattle-bridgo way , iri the Chalk-rbrid _^ leading to Holloway ; ' - T gets there / every morning about nine . I goes there- straight . "' After I ' ve got my-chickweed , i generally gathers enough' of each to make up a dozen halfpenny bunchesv' The ' tuifs I buys . A young man now . calls here with them . I pay 2 d . a dozen ; for 'em to him . . He _^ gets _. them himself . _Sometiriies he "' outs' ' emat ' KilbiirriWellsi
and Notting-hill he goes , to sometimes , ; I believe . He hires a spring barrow weekly to take "thein about . He . pays 4 <\ .. a day , - I believe , for the barrow . He sells the turfs to the bird shops , arid , to' such as nie . He sells a few' to soiri ' e private places ; I gets the nettles at ' Highgate . I don ' t do much in the nettle line—there amtmucii-cail for it . _; Afterl ' ve gathered my things' I puts them _, in my basket , and slings 'em at my back , " and starts round London- ; Low Marrabun I goes ' to ' always of a Saturday and Wednesday . I goes toSt . ' Paneras on a Tuesday . 'I visit-Clerkenwell , arid 'Russellsquare ; and round about- tb' _gMToh _' a ' Moriday ; I goes down about Coverit-gard ' e _' n _^ _ancl-ilie 'Strand' on aThursday . -1 does-High Ma _¥ raburiy , bh' " a FridKy ;
becausel ' _aintiable to do so m & ch , bri'that day , for I gathersmy stuff on 'the Friday _^ f _^ r _^ at ' urday ; : I find -L 6 w _Mai-vabuar ' the' best of ' _myVbeatsr ' _;''! ' cry ehickwecd ' and griinseliasI _' goes alorig : ; j , I'in ' , out in '' _usuali till about'"five in the' evening .. I ; _rieyer stop to eat .: I ' m walkirig all the time ;' . Ibas riiy breakfast afore -I' starts _;^ and my" / tea ' . when \ 1 combs liome . " Here the woman ' shiver ' ed ; 1 turned round and found'the firo was- quite 'out , . I asked them whether they _risually sat without one . ';/ The answer _wasj : " w _< _j " _- ¦ most ' generally / raise apeririyworth _/ _somehovv _. iust to boil the kettle with ' . i inquired whether she wascold _^ and she wasri't ;'" f It was theblodd ; - ' she " said , " that ran through her like ice s 6 m ' etitn ' es _; " ' ; , < Ji ; airi a walking ten hours
every day— -wet or dry , " 'the man' continued . V I don't stand' riice . _Wuch' about that . I cari'tgd much ' above one ; mile and a'half an hour , bwiW to my fight side being parhlyzed . ' 'Myleg' and foot and all is quite dead . '' -I ' goes _. with' a stick . " "I walk fifteen miles every-day of iny life _. that I'doquite that- _^ excepting Siiriday ; iri ' co ' urse . - "Icharge " Idv a bunch for the chickweed arid _^ funsell tpgether . The turfs is four a . penny .. The nettles is ordered iii' certain ' quantities ¦ '; I don't ; ' g ' et ; therii _rihless they _^ _i-e " ordered : r 8 _ells : these in three-penn'orths at'a time ; - . Why , Saturday is ; my b ' esf . day ; and that ' s 'the '; reason why i ! I - can't . spare ' ' time to gather on that day : On' Saturday I dare say Igets rid . on two dozen _buribhes'bf'bhiokwe ' ed ' au'd
grun-¦ sellii On _> the otherdays sometimes I goes ; out 'and don't 8 eirabbvefiveor six bunches _^ atothertiiries Irgetr-rid ! on " - a dozen ; th ' _at'Tciill'a ' tidy ; day ' s work : for ariy ! other day but a' Saturday , ahd ' some days : I > don ' t sell as _^ much as a couple of . buriolies in the _wholedhy . 'Wednesday is iny next best' day after-Saturday ;' On a' Wednesd | iy ' sbmetime , s'iBell a dozen _andi a _> half / - In the summer 1 doesiriuch better than : in ; tbe wihter ' . ' . _^^ They _O gives it ' more '' t ' o the . birds then ; and fchanges ' it oftener ; 'They' _^ re a great ri _^ ariy that Sells . _" grunsell aboutJtlie streets in _i London ; like I 'do . 1 jr dare ' - say there is _° fi h ' uridred _^ 'a nd _moref'hbr thati-takirig / brie ; place 1 with another ;• - _'Intakes my ' _- ; nettles ; toTladies / housei 'They-cori 8 ider _34 henettlescdbd f 6 _r-the ' blbod . ' ahd
'drinks 'em at _teajtoostly iri ' . the ' spnng ' arid ' a . u ' turiin . ; In the spring _tgeperally sellai three _threeperiii'bi'thV of ' - ' em aweek _;? arid iri theautuinh ' abo mYtwo . tbr ' eepen ' orths ; - The-nettlesi' _^ are mostly taken' in' Low Marrabun .-1 gathers' inore than sill for ' _Great'Titcbfield-street ; The turfs ; _- I sells : mostly " in" _Londpristreet , in Marrabun and 'John L 3 trebt _, ' arid Carbrir-• ton . street , _^ arid Portland-street , ' and BernerSi ' ahd all about there ' . : I sells about tKreedoze ' n of turfs a-week . * : _Isells _them-at'three arid four a penny . ;' '' I obarges . 'em three a-penny to ' gentlefolks arid-four a penny to tradespeople ., I pays' 2 d . a dozeir'for ' em , and ' _so _^ _makesfrorii Id : to 2 d . a dozen out of * em ; -. ; I does - ; trifling with these in the ; 'winter —about two : ' dozen' a ' week , but- ' always'three !
dozen m . the _summery andabout , four or five _idozeh' bunches T'in the winter . ' _^ Altogether 11 _Bhould-i say- 'with" my ;; regular arid "' chance customers I'make > from 4 s . ' to ¦ ffs . _V-a ' week- in 'the Bummer , and from 3 s ; _ito 4 s . in the winter . 'Prices have come down dreadful with' us . ' The same bun- ' chesas I sell now for idl I used to get / ld . for nine Or ten years ago .- Idare say'I could earn'then , takeoneday ' with-another , such" a thing as / 7 s . / a a week ,-summer-and winter through ; There ' s so iriany at it now to what there _was '; afore _; ' that it ' s difficult to : get a living , arid the ladies are very . hard with abody . They tries tobeat me down , and particular in the matter of turfs . ' Theytellme ' they can buy half a dozen for Id-, so 1-rii obligated to let ' em have three or four ; That ' s a favourite linnet . We had that one stuffed there ; >!; A young mari ' that
I knew stuffed . 'it ' -for me _^ I was very-sorry when the poor thing died ; il ' ve ; gbt'another -little linnet Up . there . " ¦ _:-, "Vjn particular fohdof little birds / f said the wife . : _' _< Inever was worse off than I am now _., _IpaysiSs . a week-rent , arid we has ; take one time with another , about 8 s . for'the-four / of us to subsist ¦ upon for _4 he whole : seven days ; ' yes ; that ; take one time with ariothbr _. _'is generally _i . whatl do hare . We very seldom-has' any / meat . ' -, This / day week we got a pound of pieoes . 1 gave 4 dl fo > ' emi Everything thatwill pledge I ' ve got iri pawn , _^ _ye been Obliged to . let them . go .-1 can't- exactlymy how muoh I've got in pledge , but you can see the tickets . [ The wife brought out a tin box full of duplicates . They wero for the usual articles—coats , _sbaws , shirts , sheets , bandkerohiefs , indeed : almost _eyery article of waring _ftppwelwid bedding . The
Thbconjjitldn^P England Z'S. Yl Zojjmrwn...
isums lent were _mostly-Cd . _ahtfod-: _? while _ibirki _^ aS _; higJia 8 _^ s _^ The _^ a ; tes . of _' manySS _^ and thesehad been backed for three monthsT"I ' ve been paying interest'for ' many ' of ¦ . the _thirds there for seven ' years . ;' _-Ipay for the ' . bnckirig 2 _Jd itha'i i _8-4 d . ' < f or ¦ ¦ •• tho . baoking ; -arid''IJ ' d ; , ' for _tlio ' _i ' three months' - _intere _' _st _. _•^ _^ The ' _greatest comfort ishbuld like'to have would be Bometbing nibre on bur beds . We lay dreadful cold of a _. riight , ori account of being thin cladi ' -: I have no ' petticoats at all ; ' Wo'haveho blankets- _^ -of late years Ibave'nt had ariy . _>; Thb warm clothing-would be the greatest blessing I could ask . I ' m ' ' not » t all "discontented at / my Jot . That wouldn't mend it . We ' strive arid dp _tliq best we can , and may ' as well be contented oyer _itjrjl _. think it God ' swillwesbouldbe ' as we . are . / Providence is kind tome , even badly off as wo are . I know . itsall _for-tbe best . " j •" ¦ ¦ - ' - ' !
Furriers ...,I.V;Iv;V„ 1,236 ; ; 46t? ' ...
Furriers ..., i . v ; iv ; v „ 1 , 236 ; ; 46 t ? ' Embroiderers . ' ..... , ; .. _-: ' 692 ' - : - r 499 ' : Cap makers and _debtors ,. ' 549 . " : . ' . m ' . ' . Uonnetmakers ......... i _, 4 W , ' , . . . ., i , _m-Z : „ _^¦ _f •/¦ : . > '' : ' ! . ' '' ' . . / , „ _H 9 _W' _! . . ' _'ii- , 39 t ; :. / : ' _? If we add-to these ' the' _""" " ' ¦¦'' ¦ _dresamakerBandmiUi- : ity ;• ¦ •;• • . ! - ¦ ¦»«» _••• • _- » ... 20 , 780 : ¦ :, ; 17 , 183 - _?' / We . _havetbejtetalhum-.. '¦ '""' ' " . " " ~ / ; ' _/^/••;' _-- ; ; _- _^ _,-- _/;^/ e 8 i ;;; ' / z ;; : _ti ; _# ri : ., /;; , i
NUMBER : AND _EARNINGS OP THE METROr , POLITAN ; NEEDLEWOMEN . '•• ' _/; " " i ; 'According' to . the Occupation Abstract of the Government Report ori the Population of Great Britain ; there were of— : .. ¦ , ' r , -i l ;' _< Seamstresses and Seam- ) „ „ - „ . y . -. ' . . _„„ ( -. were ;; sters- . ; .: ' ..... ..... ' .. J , _?> 2 fi 9 ' _? , whom 5 , 602 V fem _- aie 8 ' ' ¦" ¦ ¦ ' _'¦;' ¦ ¦ ' ' ' : '' _. " ( underiO . _DiUoSMrK ; .. V . v . _iv ... _' 382 _; , ' ' 332 ) . " „ / Slopworkers' ... .. _; . ; . _; 254 196 ! . „ ' Stay and Corset : makers 1 , 753 ; : 1 , 329 ' _- „ ' Stock ( men ' s ) makers-.. 356 , 230 ' „ Straw bonnet and straw . . ' ...., _-. "¦ _n batmakerg .......... 1 , 319 \ m
From the _aboVo' 35 , 684 wb _mus _^/ _aeduct those who are in business for'themselves , _^ and ' _tbeso ! according to the "London Post Office " DirobtoVy " . for 18 o 0 ; are- —;; ' ' - ' ' . ' ¦ ' _- Z' "" Shirtmalcerg ' _i . i . v- ;/; ... /' . _- . /; _, ; . ; ...... / . ;/ ... // . _i 58 Stay and C 6 rBet " _rbakei-s . ' .. ; ...... : 205 StockiBakers ...., v ..... .. i . ; . ;; .... _AV ......... ;' ' ! ' 25 Straw bonnet and straw Jiat makers . i .. _i ... ; ... v ; ¦ 356 Olovers ............ ; .., .....,...... '• , 67 Furriers , ; . ' . . . ...... v . ;;; 114 Embroiderers . ; ........... ; ........ ; ......,.,.... i 33 Cap ' makers . j ; .. .. .. .... .. ;' .... _iZ ,. ' . Z . Z >¦• ' 47 Bonnet makers , mulirierBi aud dresa makers .. _; ..., 1 , 860
: . / : ¦//;/¦ ¦ , / ¦ .: ¦ . - . - •¦ _¦'¦¦ ; , ¦ : ; : > - . . . _- '• _- ¦ ¦; ' : ; - . ; ' ' .. 2 , 055 : . Arid , 2 , 055 deducted'front 35 ; 58 l ieayes / i 33 , 529 , as the . gross number of ; individuals _^ engaged in needlework arid aip ' pwork tbrougbbut London ,. of whouicobsiderablymore . than- three-fourths , or _; no less than 28 , 577 , are / feihales under twenty _. years bfag © . ; .. r " ¦ . ; , _;/ . -. /;/ / . _' "' _^ Z _^ _^ _-c _^ _zc .. '• > ' _. j / _Theearriihgs of all the . above classes have , been investigated , with the ' exception / of " the : Milliners arid „ Dres 8 hiaker 8 . " ; These beiiigsoniewhat better . Eaid _. tbari the generality of other rieDdlewomen , I avepurposely deferred _alliriqujry into the prices given to . thein' / till : another ; and more fittingocca aioti . ' . So / that , deducting these , we may safely Bay _tuw nt _citiu bins _ivwcr
_w u * _c , _ovv _cugagcu _oiupwuitt . - grades of needle wor _^ i „ of whom 11 , 394 ; are females uridef / tweiity ' _yenrs / of . age . . ... r , .. / . , : , _'i - , '; Arid . _as . regards the / average earnings Of this large . body of individuals , according to the accounts that hayebeen furnished to me . by , the Workpeople _^ the ayerage clear . iricoriie ofthe shirtmakers , ' . blouse , _trbwaers , _waiatcpat ,. and other hands ; appears to be from 2 s ., 6 d . / to / 3 st 6 d ., exclusive of trimmings . As ' I said befqre ,. '; these ; accounts had / been tested , whenever it . was possible , by the ; bbok 8 ofthe ; employers themselves , in which the earnings / of the operatives / are set db . wri by the , master ; and . rece ' ntly fbiir / more books have / bepn placed in my hands , from whiob the following results have been obtained : _^ -Accbiirit / No . T , extends . oyer ii- period of thirty-, bne /' weeks . / In the course ofthis time £ 7 lis . 3 Jd .
_hasbeen , earned at-the best kind of _shht work . This gives an . average of 4 s . _lQld . ' per week ., _From-this the expense © f cotton at theleasthas , to ; bedeductedj which leaves , 4 s .. 4 _Jd . as tbe clear weekly gains for upwards of half a year . Account No . 2 is for the making of Flushing coats , and for this _. work 15 s . has been earned iri four weeks , . which gives an average of 3 s . 9 d . a week ,. _iof . jdeducting-trimmings about 3 _si a 3 the clear weekly , -income . : Account / _No . 3 , | 8 for shirts , Jike ; Ne . 1 ,,. and runs over five months . During this time £ 2 17 s . 7 d . hasbeen _reoeivedj . which gives 2 s ; lOid _.-, ordeducting cotton , 2 s ., 4 Fd ., as the clear-earnings per week .: .. The last of these accounts , extending . over , ; a period of less thana . year , amounts to , 17 . 8 .. 9 d _., whiohihasbeen gained at / trowBers / work-in fifteen weeks , ; and so
gives Is . 2 d . per / week , _asithe . average earnings . . But deducting trimmings , _the-cleargains would bo only 8 d . per week . fbr the _whple of that time . The'defect however , of all the above accounts is , that they / are riot of a / sufficient duration to admit of our arriving at . a , fair / ayerage . The particulars : aro too few to allow us to generalize _w'tbisafety on the subject . I sought , therefore ! for . some uther statement , which , extending river many years , would enable me to draw conclusions with something like certainty , both as to the customary earnings , and the periods iit . which the business was brisk and Black , _through-, out each year . . < Such a statement was most difficult to . be . foHiid ; but at / length , - after an infinity of fruitless _inguiriqsj _. _Iwas able to obtain an account _, of the / _earhings / bf ' ¦ two .. females ,, working together for / a period / of-four' / years ' . . The very fact
ofkeeping . such an _^ accountifihqws a habit of _, prudence whicli stamps the individuals as being far above the ordiriaryrun of needlewomen ; arid _/ moreoyer , they were generally / employed at a class Of WOVk ( drawnborinec / niaking ) . which . Is much better , paid than cither . ftheZ ' trpwsers' . shirt work ; _, indeed ,: it was _possibleibreaoh / of ' them ; by , sitting ; upas many as , three , ' nights / in the . week , to / earn 10 s .: _byisuch riiearis j ' _^ and it / was only ., when this _. bette ' _r-class of w ' ork was riot to be obtained , that ; they resorted , to r " _trowsers work ! as a / means . of , living ,: ; -Hence it will ' be ' Been ; that" thb / _result—low / _aB ' _. 'it ' _isrTmust still be above / the income / 'of the / ordinary needlewomen . It ' _is / necessnry I shOUWridd , - tbat / _'the , parties furnishing 'the ;' account arb _' _mpatindustribus and sober persons ,, working _ffrequently ; th ! eir _, / twenty / hours a
day inthe Buhimer ; . often _sittingiip aUnigbtengaged at' _wbi-k /; .. Theirstateinent shows , _] that after paying their / _reritj rill tbesetwb . / w orkwbmen . h ' ad ; left to purchase ; foed arid ' clothing _/ wa ' sj throiighbut / _. the year 1846 , ) fourpence ; / _artA _/«^/" each ' , // per :. dayJ _4-. throughbut the year i 8 & _7 Z _$ reepehc ' e , _] halffmnythroughout the ' year ' 1848 , ; _two _^ _ence / , / _ta _^ nn « -7 ; and , throjighbut the present yearj . . _ftiiopeiice halfpenny alsoi ' , To get this' amount each , - it' should .. be remeiribered _that-. thbyKadto work ; frbni eighteen to twenty hours every day , _] including ' _Suridiiys . . In every yearj'tbey tOld me ; there' are generally / seven months , arid at the very least six , that-they cannot pay rent , / and during the ' other _Bix ' _moritbs they have' ; to work " night and / day iri _bfder'to dear off
tho'back ; rent _; _\ . They , oan't go into , abetter lodging , * . because they can't get oredit for ] the . winter monihs . ' The room'is taken' furnished . . It / is' a small attic , seven feet . square without any fireplace , arid ' several ; panes ' are . gone front . thb ,, wiridbws . _There'is _' s ' carcely ariy furniture _:, q'iilyonb ' chair . The otber party has / to siton the bed .. . They pay ' _ie \ ' od . a week . / ' The first winter ' . tbey ,. . came , the landlady' insisted . " . on" baying : her / rent . _, eyery week , and that winter' they * wero . three months / ahd . neyer hada bit of bread , riot a crumb _,: to eat . ; .. They used to liye ; , bri ' batmeal ' altogether . _Frequently thoy Had apeniiyworth between thorn ; fbr the whole day . ; After / the . first year ;/( the / l _^ ! perierice of . their . honesty , allowed _. them'tUgo on credit dHrina" the winter . ; " In fact ,:- ' they were
obliged to ailow ' tbeivrentto _. go 12 s . ud . in arrear the first-wiritei ' - ' of all .. But they / paid it / directly they had / work ; and since thenthe Iaridladynever troubles therii ' duririg the , winter , for / the rent —• never , indeed ; asks" for -if .., She " , is / _satisfied / that they will pay ; it directly , thoy' c & ri ; ., ' T . b _/» y ; ave con ; viriced that rib one else would do , the / _sauiething , for their landlady / is very kind to them , arid . _allows therii the ; occasional uso _. of her flre . V _,, They , . never go in debt . for anything / but their renl ;; . If . they haven't got money tbey go _without-rrieVer run credit for ariy thing to eat . If they , haye anything to piedge , ' , they „ ' gct their food that' way , ; , and if tbey are quite " up ; " and havo nothing topledge , " why tKeri _, " said one ' of the poor old creatufeB , smiling to me , " we starve : yes , we ' re obliged to it . " -We'd
rather do that than go ' in debt . We . should always be thinking about it .: I ' m sure , last , wintBr the rent we ' _bwed'was _' alvfaysihmy head ., when I went to bed and when I got up , I was / afraid / we should never rub , It / off . ' " One of the parties is an old mriideri _. wbmeri _. _' and the other a / widow / . The 0 ne is , 43 years ; and the Other' 54 . They , have "been working "together seven years ; The widow _wasm better circumstances . Her , husband , was a'faraer in Torkshire , and her father was a very _largei farmer ; in tbe _] 8 ariie county . The maiden . women was formerly 'in . service ' now ' _she ' is afflicted , with the lumbago , and is able only to work at her needle . To-day she is washing , and she will be _illfor . two br three days' afterwards . The" two of them have for
thirty hours been , without food . Always during winter they are very badly off—they have soarcely any _^ food at all ; their / principal nouriBbriient at that'time is oatmeal . - They have / frequently pawned everything they bad that the pawnbrokers would lend _anuffii ' na upon . ' ... - _ii ; . ; 'In the summer they , get as many things as they can out of pawn again , ' and they sit up . mgbtand day toiling to P _» y their winter _' s _^ rent score , Thoy say that tSose who' get th _' eirhvmg by . needlework must , they arboonvinoed _, ; do the same as they do ; tbey are satisfied there are thousands m London who starve , get into debt , and pledge regularly every winter , and then slave night and day inthe summer to pay their debts and redeem their clothes again , This it the indwtrmu _nadltviommU rtguhr
Furriers ...,I.V;Iv;V„ 1,236 ; ; 46t? ' ...
_fc _/ fl . / Theycari / say so of their own knowledge ; They have beard . numbers say so . This summer they paid off as _miiclijas £ 7 of back rent , and in order to do this they have worked regularly for _six . months 18 and 20 hours a day , Sunday , and week-day They . often have .. sat , the two of them , arid worked from , daylight at three , o ' clock in the morning . They have got up , at two to db _^ heir _, own little domestic work , so that they began work immediately . itis daylight ,,. and they have worked on , frequently with puly . one cup of _. _itoa , through the whole day , till eleven at night . . " They never burn a candle but when they have , work to do-they can't afford it ; and they never .. have a fire , even inthe depth of winter .., And . . after all this toil , suffering , and privation , their reward is two-pence-halfpenny a ( To be Continued . ) / _-. , :. ;
Conference Of The National Association O...
CONFERENCE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNITED TRADES ,. / / Thb , sixth annual / cpnierence . of this .. body ! comriiencedits sittings on Monday morning , when the prbceedirigs were merely bfafprnial and preliminary , character . -The / conference re-assembled on Tuesday forenoon , at ten o ' clock , in ; the offices of the association , _. _Totteribam-court-road _, for the dispatch ' of business . / Delegates were present from Birmingham , _Stburpoit , Kidderminster , Northwicb , and other towns .. ., . _.,.:
T . / S . DuNcbMnB _. _Esq ,, M . P ., the . president , was received with thewarmest manifesta . tions . of esteem andxaffection by the delegates , on his taking tho chair . . / He said , Gentlemen , I avail myselff of , your annual meeting to express , my unabated / interest in the welfare of the trades ' of / this country , and at the same time to explain my present _vieii's as / to the position of the / association , and my own connexion with it . The opinions , ¦ objects , and expectations , which induced , mcto accept the-presidency / of tho association , arid to identify myself v _?> th : _this ; movement , were fully stated in the address , delivered to the National . Conference of Trades „ which assembled in the Parthenium , in . Easter , 1845 . // Looking at the large nuinuer of delegates who attended , that . confe »
renco . from every part of / the . kmgdoro , and the variety of trades , occupations _^ and . industrial interests represented by . them , I was naturally led to > anticipate theniost _beneficiarretralts from the extensive union among the trades ofthe United King * dbm , of which , that assembly seemed- to be : the precursor , i In , order . that that union might ; bo based _uponcquitableandcomprehensive . principles _, nnd that the machinery pi the _assoeiatioinmight be simple but efficient , and adequate to all the varied requirements ofthe industrial classes , theformation ofa conBtitution was ; enirusted to a Provisional Committee of their most experienced friends _.-1 ; Pro * yided : with the most ample materials for forming a sound conclusion as to tho nature and extent of the
movement , and the complex and differing elements of which it was , composed , that committee finally produced an . elaborate and carefully digested constitution for the . association , which ; was- submitted to , and approved by a second conference in 1845 , nearly as numerous , quite aa varied in its composition , and as ; far as the numbers represented—even more powerful than the initiatory conference hi Easter ., Under that constitution I accepted the office of President , in the _hope-thac through , tho cordial union and assistance , of tho trades themselves , my anxious , ahd earnest , and' sincere desire for the elevation and improvement of tho . working classes might be , realised . In . my first ; address I thus expressed the view I entertained of the _subiect
and of my own duty , with reference to- it _tr- " One arid all admit the vast increase that haa taken place in , the national wealth , . while they . _iare' compelled also to admit your legitimate title to a share of it , but . by some / inexplicable deficiency in what may be called the division of legislation , all have failed to put you in possession ot your admitted rights ; If then , as no man can deny . that the genius and industry of bur people have given rise to a vast accumulation of national wealth , and if the principle of professing philanthropists be true , that yb « . are pre-eminently entitled to , your share , I cam characterise , this assembly no : otherwise than as the new born genius of England , righteously , peaceably , boldly , and honestly looking for its share of : the
property that itself created , whilo your , willingness to submit your social , claims to be arbitrated upon by others , must convince , even your traducers , that your demands are so just , that you are _^ different as to the character or . the .. tribunal to whose judgment they shall be submitted ,: If , you see prudence , safety , // and ,, success , in , the ; course that I have pointed out , as I never recommend what I am not prepared to attempt , and believing your _causeto be just , your motives to be honourable , and your objects . desirable , I shall hold myself in increased estitnation , if I can be _instrumerital , either within or without tbe walls of Parliament in advancing your interests . " In this spirit ! continued to devote my time / and energies to the association , until ill-health
compelled me to relinquish personal attendance to that and aU other public business .. For upwards of , two . years and a . half I-have therefore been little . more than the nominal president of the association . At intervals I have been able to give a few . hours attention to its business , and from time to time deputations from . the . central' commuteo have visited me , to , confer upon particular questions —occasional reports as tothe proceedings and position of the association , have also been made to me ; but , gentlemen , these form a very imperfect substitute for " that efficient and practical knowledge of affairs , which can alone ; be , acquired by every day arid actual participation in them . From whatever cause it has arisen , I cannot conceal from myself
that the association has failed to realise , the—perhaps unduly—high expectations I had _formeaiot its operation . ( Hear , hear . ) : Ho w much of this falling off hasibeenowing to external , and how _muohrto internal causes , l . am not now in . a position ; to judge ; but . the fact , appears : to me-.. indisputable , that the . association has failed , to acquire , and _> to weildthat powerful and . national influence it waa intended it should . Gentlemen , in tbe letter !; addressed to tho conference last year , I observed ; , that it is ; _'•? but natural to expect ebbs aqd flows in the tide of public opinion , and in tbe amount of support the association may receive , arising from causes altogether extrinsic to its own merits and capabilities for attaining its objects . " ;( ilear . ) Judging from
the datapresented by the report ofthe central committee , I also expressed an opinion that the seasons then assigned by them for the falling off , in a . financial point of view , did not imply any real oivpermanent decline in the influence of . the association among the workirig _. classes , and that when the stagnation in industry would permit the trades to resume active co-operation , . they would do . so . The question is , how far these views and expectations have , been realised during the past year .:: If the power of . the trades to support the association were measured , by the revival of business in all the principal industrial districts , ; the addition ot numbers and subscriptions must have been very large . I do notfirid _. bj the report of the centralcommittee that this has , been the
case . But at the same time , I am gratified ; to-observe > that ever since the last conference * the . income has been steadily—if not rapidly _orlargelyaugmented . " ( Applause . ;; The last return- made ; to me shows that this gradual improvement continues in rather more than the ; ratio . it _, has done for . the previous three or four months . By acting upon the advice I gave last year , arid by economy , in the internal manageinent ofthe office , it would .: appear' that the income has . been / fully equal to the expenditure duririgthe past-year " , in addition to paying off some small liabilities .,, '; The . course- of steady and . quiet organisation which has , _jyithintbe last , few months gradually and c ' oritiriuouBly / _auBmentediljhe nupibers arid the iricomq ' of , the asso , _ciatioU : may .,, ia the course
ofthe ensuing year , m connexion' with a rigorous economy , dp ¦ mbr ' e thanstbafj , and after paying , off other , outstanding liabilities , ' to commence a reserve fund . I can heye _^ _oonsider the association ina safe " or satisfactory position vat \\ this / is the case ; ( Hear , hear . ) / But after _^ _all ; gentlemen , it is a grave question—what , does , the ' , association hold out to tbe trades , in _returhlor theit ; . Bubsc ' riptions _| / . And are its / _behefila _. _-of _i Buch a character as to secure , in future , . that / extended : _; and ,. national co-operation _whipb the association-was originally formed to promote ? . ( Hear , hcar . ) j I observe , that in consequ / _eace of _^ the _reliuquiBbmentof all other operations , arid . the steady concentration of the energies of the . central committee-upon the . mediatorial duties in number
ca 8 _esbf trade ' disputes , that a , considerable of ' _these disputes havo been- satisfactorily _adjusted , _vritb / due reference to the _intesests of both parties . This is the most . gratifying aspect m which your operations " can be viewed . ;( Cheers ;) £ . very , _instariceiri whicn ' a / peaceable and impartial settlement of claims is obtained ,, which might otherwise have led to aa _embittereds and protracted , strike , is a testimon y to the sound principle oa which , tho _SchS _is based . ( Cheek ) Tho . _^ _iesUon _« , how far tie trades can nationally be- induced to adopt thb principle and' co-operate with you ? , , lam afraid ' that thoy are toft unstable , too much isolated , and _too divivided _amjHig _themselves _^ _to give it . that , full and efficacious , development which a national concentration of their common _energies and resources would naturally . and necessarily creat & far fcbm the and
( Hoar /) As as I can judge . report tho balance ah w 6 whioh has _becASubriiitted to mo , tho central committee , during _thojpast year , have-acted with _economy and prudencey : ( Hear . ) . I _eatirelr approve oS their confining , _tbcmselveB witbin their legitimate : sphere of _industrial and social ; action alone , and abstaining frost corporate interference in all political , struggles ,, ( Hear , 'hea > . _) The goo * effect of lightening the permanent expenses ot tb » association have own evident durbe the past year I ' trust that the ; experience already gau _^ edi in-. _tij ia direction , will he sufficient to cause tho conference and the central committee to persevere in the same policy . Into © many instances the working class associations , break down under tbe pecuniary weight of establishment _expeasss they are callea upon to bear , and which we out of all nroportwa
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 25, 1850, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/ns3_25051850/page/7/
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