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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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~~~ EMIGRATION . -yHERE TO , AISD HOW TO PROCEED . SOUS 0 ? A IOBB THE . 0 CGH A ^ OBTIOK OP CXNJLDA ., jtq ) SETEBA 1 OP IHB STATES OF MOBTH ^ j ££ 1 CA , ? XaiICDLAlil . T 1 HE 5 TAXES O ? jjiSSACHTJSETIS , 3 LHODB ISLASD , BEW TOBX , JE 5 SSTXTX 5 IA , OHIO , mcBIGAK , IHIKOISj TFISCOSSIS , AKD 2 SETV JXR 3 ET , ¥ SJ ) BHIJkKBN ¦ JFIIH A VIEW OP ASCBSTAlSHiG IBB DKSraXBIllTT . O ^ OTHEB-SF 3 SE . OP EKJGBATIOW ; £ SB TO JVDGS OP IBB BEST X . OCATIOS , FOB E 5 GUSH EJUGIUlSTS , PSOM -iCTC . il , OBSEB-^_ ____
TiHOSjy LAWRENCE PITKETHLT , of BuddeTEfield . ( CoT&nxu&frojn < rur Jasi week ' s paper . ) J 0 T 7 BNAL . —DESCRIPTION 0 ? BOSTON . Ths filth of the dty is carried from every part in ^ annon severs ; & ** streets are-well swept , ana kept in Tj ^ a jepairi there feeing a dty tax for these purposes . 52 e sifies of the ifcreeta are f enerally paved Tntb a spall ^ iaiY Kofi of "brick instead of Ilags ; they are edged ¦ Bitb « t granite , and look exceeding well . There are ju jjmi ^ hTlls to be teen , hot is pis-feeding allowed ^^ £ 13 the confines of Hie city . A contractor psys a Tsnesain fox the broken or left meat of Hie whole of - » i ^ inhabitant *; and it i * carted a few miles from the
££ » sdS principally used m feeding pigs . The money gsaspaia foes into the dty fund , and is expended in lbs repair of the streets and aewers . Ttte fllth bein jfcas completely carried oS , there is canaequenHy no liencn , nor any stagnant -water . ; but all 3 a dean and VjjjrjjfoL Many of the shops have two doors j and not % few of them cross a whole division , or block of buildi , « from street to street They are lighted feom the toonn the middle part , and have , of comae , two fronts , . ^ ne to esdi of the streets . The New Marfcetisasplenffid bmlding , 480 feet long , with shops an each aide of a TidB passage , which runs throngh its whole length . jgaa market is well stocked with all kinds of provkionB « i jB times- Above ibe jsasrket are shops and ware
{ somes . 5 bB hsnses are the finest I « ver saw ; of beautiful jjnu ^ ry , light form , active , docile , and powerful ¦ Tone is also a peculiar sort of dray made here , con ^ gsg of t » o long beams of wood 24 or 35 feet in jjsgOi , bound together in a particular manner , with * Jolei i % & 01 * distances . "Upon these is placed a row of jjjja or Barrels , -without any other fastening than a tSb jb B& of the holes , to keep them at a proper jjgjsjs , srirom rotting backward or forward . j-ni ^ mck with the THry clean and respectable ap-^ sa ^ of ibe inhabitants in general . They mostly dress tohSfr . their linen remarkably dean ; asd the mechanics jiwBHitly took to be of the middle class . 1 was also eirsci - * ita the similarity of their lorm and features , Tiki are slender and swarthy ; one might almost iaaedb them to be all of one family . The gentlemen , the
jBttonicsand the Itkouren , wore light , straw , willow , jato-lesf , or platted or wove hats ? which , to me , w a uoYdty , and in my opinion , a great improvement on black , or indeed any kind of staff , hats . The tads of bat selling seemed to be carried to the greatest extreme of competition ; rows of hats were hung from &b top to the bottom of the buHding ! in very many JnsiaacesjWia signs to Tead , extendiiut also from top to bottom with edge outward to catch the eye ef the passer-by . Attheshopswherefamitareissold , a number of chairs are fixed in front of the building ; and at places into trhicb ifeey have to 3 » eend by ateps , they paint en the frost of the said shops , & list of the aaSclBs dealt in . The eating houses are nearly all in cellars , or , as they law it , basementa , to which there are f ensnlly Qaw eatrancea ,
31 ? Mends , Jobs and Jams * Mitchell , formerly of pahky , s&oemakerj , but now of this city , manufacturers -of sBthats , were ^ xeeeding kind and ^ obliging ; they doffed me all that was interesting in and around the eitj ; This day a company of Tolunteers arriTed from Hvyiind ; luring , in compliment to their commander aeooxspss&d him so far on the way to Salem , a Bttis to tfce sorth of the t izy , oa a visit to bis rela--fica ; Uisj halted ta the " common , " a beautiful piece of fronnd interspersed with walks , trees and water . Here they encamped- The volunteer corps of the dty trrrfied mem to entertaiaments of various kinds ; and wtak . 2 ay were bei -g thfis entertained , one or other
d m eampanies of the dty Tolunteers tazn&d out to ia && 5 at the camp ; ao t ^* t all the local military arse is motion . One day they bad a geneial review , Vimi lug * concourse of tha catiieos assembled te itsasii ,- the same day they fired what is called " a sxaa /' wjth cannea . A sound is sot 22 guns as in £ apssi , but the number of States ia the Union . X bad iot mod : time to derote to tbeae matters , bul ¦ BSsiBi wssio mtere 5 & 3 g as tie tact Hat these braTe ^ b ^ sb were kept and clothed ed Uieir me * eapasot lot fi » seSe object of ^ efeodisg the rights and Indepenfa ^» of Jheh" emnTT ) nn nftnntry—Vh 9 % - ^> ig y were gen&-¦ aS ^ tesdesmea and tradesmen ^ sous who thus stood IjstoJ f «¦ so psfcriotie a purpose .
Es Messrs . Mitcbells took me to see that splendid Bdhr-fsmed building , wherein the citizens , in the Tont of times , met to consult and resolve—in fact , thai tbej transacted aS that wasi importeit to the dty ficriDf fiieBerolution . I mean the Fennel Ball , which % ujrae&teatpth * -dty by fee then proprietor , Mr . Tsmd , a French gentlemen , from whom it takes its Bat It is now the depository of the arms and aojoBtemaits rf an the companies of ToluBteers in the ^ . ¦ wM chare designated as foBowai—The GrejB , " * arii !| a beanfiful uniform of that colour , richly
oma-* e ^ ea ; " Washington ' s Gnard ; " " Boston light Inialrjf' « Bjfle Bangeaj * . "JJaneei » " ( mounted ) ? ^ ls&epssS . aA'Bamiiea f aiee or four companies at QaAatowa , and four Artillery eenpanies , besides a Tebmteer company at BsxbuTgb , asd others in the teonading districts . The proeeasion of the Maryland -ttsiiyinj , wi 2 j all the « ty Tolnnteera , aceompanied by fia GoTermu' ef the Stats ( DsrSse ) , the Mayor and tettxEitJesof tbe dty , the xtaTal acd military officers , - * t it , from tbe Common to the Pennel Hall , was ¦^ 137 imposing . They afterwards dined together is the ? feaaidTHall of Liberty .
JWXDSSsn xr , Avgvst 3 rd—I got my trunks in-^ weted and taken to the ledgings I had procured . A « 4 mg& I went tosereral places with my friends , the a&eMls , and sfaid loo late ior ti » Graham ' s ba « d-^• lionsa , at whi ch I had agreed with the first mate »« op , it being ktpt by his siater ; 1 , therefore ! , ac-« oapsnibarsiyi » o fjOTnda , and slept it Hieir lodgings *» teesifisted'wiQi &em , I waa intto ^ acsd to » Mr . ^ a , late of Paisley , an old acquaintance . I wa » also a = o&u ^ toan unclerfmTfriend « . theMitdiellB . He
« fe |» an extensive leather and flm «>» fag atore . He is aao iaajor in the "DnSed States army , and has a commaihedty . HeformeriyliTed » tpK ) TidenoeJaDd **™ S » Paredemoaat , when tbe late " physieal force " « eng ) t aS ^ orm was made in Bhode Island , be went ° ra ana-entered the lists with his party , and was aoon « aa& pnstmss , a formal applicataon being made for m iSase , oa the ground that be did not belong to K * t stale , he-tea set afc liberty ; but in afew dayaa * £ ? aa ! i' *» aide to Qie GoTemorof Massachusetts to wrm haiiip . which , lowerer , -ns not oompUed Wiln .
^* ane of oui -femrfe paasangea obtainsd sitaaUons " ? V . a » dia also some of the men . * "J ^» snprised , on entering the B 3 y of Boston , to ?* tt * -dmera } ce in the appearance of the Yankee aaaaea from oara , they l > eing built lot lira traffic , or « wj tapmg in th « Bay . They haTe two deeka , ^ i » o » ! mmel « , of a peculiar fora . In many other ** 2 «* ibey « e quite ffln . ^ H f ^ t © oura . ^ n ew enstom-icase , in corase of erection , stands 5 , ^^ of the principal wharf , and will be a ^^ d b jnMmg when completed . KIb oblong , extend"jyaawhole width of the basin , with a row of granite ^ " ^ S iOfiniaensa dimensiona , extending around the J ^ ebnildmg ; eaek column is composed of one solid *«• Jhe tuaaing is afl uf gianite , whicn is pro-^ = » at no great distance from thB dty . It can be cut ^« 0 M blocks , of any eiaa . The front of tile New . "W ^ Be . the Tjrinffrrwd Ttr . tcA ot , ^ n « , » tmliAinmi »>!« ,
*!^ « ihs ahqps , warehouses , ace ., are all built «* a » sains stone . The streets are also pared with £ « , £ - ' *!!* sItbe ^ ae to P of the State * " ?« js truly interesting . Xe * viS . 5 t ?~ 3 had Iaade amDgements to start for I »« ^^ ^ " ^ my landlady , -when she found g ^ S < & g . took adTantage dl me , and charged double feTT / frad bargained for . I went off in a hurry , fcM ^ f ^ " 1 L Tbe coachman , eren after I 2 * MP » ia him a York shilling more than his fare , r ~*» s » Tery much , and threatened to take my Jug-| ^ « H ef ate train . Hsd d me tor an * ' Irish ij r * * r t » ia , * -if h 8 tai me out , he would gire ia « J * ' y Sood bearfng . " An Irishman , who mi B carriage , was up in a moment , at hearing his Sn ^ mentioBed ^ ^^ a wa *; and ha * not the w ^ r ?™^ fi » B would hare been a collision , with-1 ° ? iDiezfereiioa . meet
S fi ?^^ ** ^ P ^ ss ^ gers had intended to me aj **« a 3 nto haTe a is ^ y , ^ jfojjn of handB ; but tf 4 ^ - ' '" ODg station ; sojhadnottbepl easnre astoTsF ^^ Oae ^ ttiamiai engaged to go witii *» & i . * * »^ ii "tas too late for the train ; bow" £ »««»» natiay . I ^ ^ ag Boston , the country la rery beautif uL Ig an 2 L ? raa 8 considerable CBttings for ibeBjaTray , »« fi « f ^ t 5 8 h S » TeL ! B 8 & country » oon became jBoyg . ^* ?? barren ; the Mnbei was small and fe : ' « . » kind of moss . It wasnotatall in a * si V ?» f !~ r i < in ' ¦^« reatporiapnof U » land-surface « it ^ f ? ' **?*¦ loos 8 stooas , and no » a little jffl ^? " tnge rocks r mueh of a » surface 1 a £ fi . * " . « RBite , in many places without k > Q ; ^^^^ e grwai Btsmed perfectly Tslneless for
agri-¦ 8 st ¦ wlr" ™ vszi ' ¦ " ** conrae , there was a little TaBtaigbSS : ttl 8 1 > e 3 t 3 *« Tery poor indeed . The 1 js ^ i ^ . CTraxttp 5 ' ^ » Tery coarse Jdnd of crass . jgg ^^ " ? * of tr limber , but no larch . The people "fr « te ^ 88 eaon ? 11 to !»¦« the gronnd nncaltlraied . * &S = * a JoaB Plots of Indian com , whieh looked as ^^^» ths grass . A , - ^ e sppioacnea Providence , Saas ^ T ^ 8 * tf * s eountry rather improTed . Pro-J ^ a ^ jr ^^' ofKhode Island , seemed to be ^^ bbTw ^ * " ***• P ^ t ^ w " . howeTer , com-^^^ - ^ ** eity l ^ ng P « tly concealed by *» lp £ S ^ «^ not seeU to advantaga Here teen jTr KTaE - " Since lea ^ ag Boston , we baye -fci ^ rTl sagasat water , -mate trees lying ^*^ *« i ofeerwise coraed wi& moss j in toot
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instances , the fallen timber was in an the varies stages of decay , and many or the standing trees were eoTered with moBs . to the top . At Prcrrfdence we crossed tba water in a steam-boat ; the distance was about a mile . Here a number of our passengara went on board a » Uam-boafc which took a circuitous soute , and only reached New York on ' the following afternoon . We proceeded Shirty miles further by railway , and entered a splendid steamer at Stonnington , and proceeded on the East river for New Tork . I regretted I had not taken my fare by the other eon" * reyanee , -which lay all night near Providence , as in that case I should have had the pleasure of witness-Ing the fine scenery on the coast , and also the coast of Long Island , which I passed , in tbe dark ; it continuing so till we airivea near New York .
Satttsday em— -We could only see the lights from the lighthouses along the coast , during the night ; the first objed 3 conld distinctly perceive was a headland to oui right I conld not learn its name ; but It was not far distant from New Rochelle , where the remain ? of the immortal Paike -were interred , and where a handsome monument is erected to the memory of that great statesman and patriot . A succession of buildings appeared in view . Here the land seemed fertile . I saw some oats cut , as I also did in the neighbourhood of Boston , and during some part of enr journey from tbat dty . The grsat prison for minor offences was soon seen , and we had a sight of New York , and very soon of the dty of Brooklyn ,
Staten Island , and the New Jersey shore . We next approached tbe shipping , amorg which was pointed ont to me the " < 5 tea . t Western , " and the " British Queen '' steam ships ; I had also my attention drawn to a newly invented machine by which ships of the largest tonnage are , is the short space of jhalf-an-hour , lifted © nt of the water and left perfectly dry . There lay in the bay , the North Carolina , an V . S . Man of "War or 120 guns . Another ahip of war lay at the quarantine ground , off Staten Island . The Gnome ; a Preach war steamer ef Beventy guns , lay near the North Carolina—she had conveyed the Prince de Joinville ; near the Gnome lay tbe Warspite British frigate , which had conTeyed lord Aabbbrton , -who had been sent ont to settle the question relative to the North East Boundary line .
Tbe steamer which conveyed me from Stonnington was of the form ana description given of those I saw in Boston Bay , but larger and more splendid . Her name was Bbode Island . The fare from Boston was ene dollar and seventy-fire cents ., or 1 $ dollars . We went roaod into the North River , thus passing the greater part of the docks . The ships were BumeronB , and of various descriptions . We got in before six a-nu , ana were immediately crowded with lodginghouse keepers , hotel runners , and man-catchers of all descriptions , and for all purposes , but that of giving i
ns something * comfort us withont payment—carters , carmen , porters , fce . A crowd of them seieed my trunk , and were very nigh fighting for the possession of the prize . In the bustle they soon had it on shore , when I stepped up , and asked if they intended to rob me ? They instantly placed it on tbe ground , and I engaged a decent looking man to drive it to Peter Basaeya for a quarter of a dollar . I went on the top of it all the way . I found that Peter bad left New York , and gone to live npon a farm in New Jersey . I therefore ordered the man to drive to Mr . BQtrcastie's , No . 17 . in the same street He was in bed . I washed
myself , and before I had dressed my leg , &c , he came and inquired how I liked the West conntry . I told him he was mistaken in bis man , and I looked felm in tie face , when he soon found out who I was . We shook hands , and I was seon " at come" ( although his borne was not all I could have desired ) . After taking breakfast , I went to Worswick ' s—Bussey ' s old houseand there found letters from Mr . John Leech , and Mr . Wm . Cooke , of Hudderfield , with a northern Star sad a Leeds Mercury ; also a letter from John Peacock , and one fram Thomas Gillispie , of Glasgow ; the-latte * desiring me to look for Mr . Hewarth and other passengers . They were an scattered ; therefore I could not meet with them . I now called on Mr . HolHct , late Social Missionary ; he was out . William Ainton , late of Bamsley , with a friend , awaited our landing to welcome me to " the land of liberty . "
When it became bruited abroad tbat I had arrived , a many friends came to pay their respects j among them were several from Yorkshire , from londen , and from Scotland , && &EX » aT , 7 th . —This morning I went to look for James Walker , late of Glasgow , and his friend Holliday , Tbe rain fell in torrents and I got well drenehed-I disco-pered t «» t Mr . Purdie , late of Glasgow , had been writing some Whiggish letters in the Fltbian , a New York paper ; Ma name was not affixed thereto , for reasons best known to himself .
Having received a pressing letter from Mr . Bnssey , and ba-ring some business to transact , after dianex I took the first steamer for Elizabeth Town , State of New Jersey , to visit him at bis farm . The distance was seventeen miles , the fare only 61 d . I was pleased with the farm , and with the crop upon it I looked round tbe premises , and partook of apple-pic and milk . Be then sent his man with a spring-cart to the Port with me , and I reached New York in tbe evening . I was bailed by many when going along the streets : of some I had no knowledge whatever : Job . Farrar , Hanson , Greenwood , dough . Bailey ( a female ) , Crowther , and some others from Huddersfield ; Tiffney and othersirom Halifax ; Aehton , from BarnaLey ; Brown , from Birmingham ; some frem Leeds ; some from Lsr
don ; some from Glasgow , &c fee . A person fro . Satley , near De ^ nbuxy , came to see me . I asked " how the Shoddy business got on ? " He said , " of late it had gone down . " I enquired the reason ; he replied , " there had been a great desl to do about the Shtddy in thjB House of Commons , by a Mr . Ferrand , * nd the msrc&axits -would not , therefore , buy the doth . " I asked him "if he knew that I was the person who wrote the letter which Mr . Ferrand read in the House , explaining how tbe Devil ' s Dust was made ? " He opened tea eyes very ¦ sride and exclaimed : " So ; but if it was you , there never was a man more cursed since the creation of the world He informed me that there were two persons on Staten Island , carrying on the same trade , and tbat
be ' was going to the business tfeere UmBelf . I was also told thai at Troy , in tbe State © f Kew York , they are rapidly carrying on that spedes of roguery ; thus ruining trade in America as our manufacturers have destroyed it in England . One person from Batley , ef the name of . Bromley , Is regularly engaged on States Island in the manufacture of Shoddy . " Thus are tie Yorkshire *• devils" now divide * between the States and England ; and when they become fairly balanced in respect of number , and are in full battle array , then will the collision prodnce a total wreck , ending in * perfect scramble . It is to be hoped , however , that the lynx-eyed Xankies will not beguiled by the transported " devils , '' in the same manner as John Bull and his customers have been duped- Mind if we don't soon « et a Fkbkaxd at them !
. MO'DAT , 8 th . —I again went in quest of James Walker , bnt did not succeed in finding him- 1 next proceeded by a railway train , which comes to the centre of the city and opposite the Park , where stands the City Hall , Post Office , Poor House , Aston House , and many other important and famous buildings . Strange as it may appear to Englishmen , the terminus of the Banw 3 y , after a rather Bharp inclined plane , is just upon one of the main streets . The rails are laid in the streets , upon which the carriages are drawn by horses to the extremity of the crowded parts of the city —turning corners as 'vaggons do . Vrom thence they are propelled by steam to West Chester , crossing the river , which separates tbe island from the main land , to the above town , in the eounty of the same name ; a dia fence of twelve or fourteen miles . I travelled by ene ol the trains , ( wbicb , I think , start every fifteen
minutes ); passing over the rudest fields , much covered with weeds , useless shrubs , rocks and stagnant pools , and of a most uneven surface , but marked out for streets , in some cases crossing each otker at equal distances , and extending to tbe extremity of the island , which is fonrteen miles long ; a proof of what they intend the dty to be—a grand specimen of Yankee notions , apeculation and extravagance . Arrived at the . station , I west according to tfee directions given me which led axe along 85 different streets , a distance of six miles , and , at last , fsund out that I was directed to the wrong person , and my journey was lost For the sake of variety , I took a stage coach back again , and returnea by the common high road to the city , asd , of course , Sad an opportunity of making additional observations upon the wild wilderness of streets in embryo , ¦ which terminated at each end at the water ' s edge .
I was greatly disappointed with the dty of New York . My idea was that 1 should find it the most onlqas and splendid city in the Union . I looked for wide , regularly-formed streets , filled op with buildings , on gradually sloping inclined planes , and all kept clean , snd in good repair , the filtb carried away by well constructed and substantial sewers ; 6 nt , en the contrary , I found the streets crooked ; in some places level , and in parts bo nzrrow as to render them almost impassable ; badly paved , with stagnant pools here and there , deep ruts in tbe middle , and the kennels choked with filth and garbage ; innumerable bogs straying about , of a most disgusting shape—indeed , of a breed to which I 'was a total stranger—and , as if to add to ttitii ugjiaesa , they are generally bedaubed with mire , so as to make
it next to impossible to ascertain tfielr colour . The Btrett » are of themselves exceedingly offensive to the olfactory nerves ; but to pass the long snouted grantors was to me Intolerable . Many a time have 1 gone out of my way to avoid them . I considered that the West end of the rity ^ was bad enough , but the ssst was still worse , therebeicgagrfiatezabnndaaceef thoaeiU-Iavonred , dirty gnmters . In the "best streets , the kennels were over * flowed wift streams of sarf aca water , proving that they Had no sewers . The buildings were erected to suit the- taste and convenience o ! the owners , and' were irregular . There certainly are exceptions to this state of things ; yet , upon the whole , the dty is most shameof Boston
fully managed , as compared with the city ; and I was credibly informed that " parties" are so balanced in the dty , the neither the Whig , oar the Jrfeo Fpfa ) ( Democrat ) party , dare make an attempt to keep the hogs out of taa streets . But if either , party fear losing votes through interference with , the hogs , surely some of them might dare to arrange for the removal of the garbage on which they luxuriate , and to suggest tbe construction of sewers for tbe carrying off the filth and pools of stagnant wa&er whicb abound on every hand . This ought to be attended to , both for the preservation of their own health , and that of the dtiX 3 ns in general They should at once lay aside all party spleen -an& fastfwis y&ucour , and unite in this
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one common object , doing honour to their far-famed dty , by the adoption of means for the removal of nuisances so disgraceful to their character , and roinons to health . : a ; Another , and -very great zmtsance , exists in tbe business Btreets , especially those in which the wholesale business is transacted . \ In front of each shop , or warehouse , are large piles of packing cases , crates , casks , && These are heaped upon each other to a dangerous height , as if the owners wets ambitions of vising with each other in Bhowing the largest number , and as if the
extent and success of their business depended npon the show . Very often the masses are so large as to render it difSsnlt to pass along the small space of flags left uncovered—they being igeneraUy placed npon the flags , or footway . Even Sunday is not a day exempt from this nuisance . If two . persons attempt to walk abreast , a nail ia almost sure to catch the garment and a rent is the consequence . But , no matter ; there the heaps of packages-remain , in the same position from , day today acd week to week ; and , if appearances are aDy indication of tbeir long-standing , from year to year .
There are many splendid public and private buildings in the city , and some noble benevolent institutions and asylums ; indeed they have institutions of every description for benevolent purposes . I admire the taste of the Bostonians more than that of the New Yorkera . There , there is a neatness of form and finish , and excellence of situation , which is not the case here . I observed , too , that the horses here are inferior to those at Boston . I am not at all surprisea that misery prevails at New York to a much greater extent than In any other part of the Union ; seeing that it cannot be otherwise , while bo many thousands are annually , nay almost weekly ; driven hereby dire necessity from Britain , Ireland , and all parts of Europe , to seek a home and resting place in the " land of promise ; " and wko , having exhausted their last shilling in tbe search to find employment , are compelled to appeal to the authorities , or live by begging or stealing .
Tpesdat 8 th , —Robert Anderson , one of my fellow passengers from Liverpool , with Charles Earnshaw and his wife , arrived from Boston thismonung ^ md brought me some letters and papers which I had ISt while in that dty . Their recovery waa , to me , a very fortunate circumstance . { To be continued . !
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DISMISSAL OF THE CHAPLAIN OF KNUTSFORD GAOL . At an adjourned quarter sessions held at the Courthouse , Nether Knutsford , lwt week , before Mr . Trafford Trafford , chairman , and afull bench of magistrates , the Court proceeded to the consideration of tbe discipline of Knutaford gaol , and adopted a ceurse which has created so inconsiderable degree of sensation throughout the county of Chester . It will be recollected that at the late sessions held at Chester , tbe consideration of the report of the visiting justices of Knutaford Gaol , which recommended the dismissal of the chaplain , was adjourned to these adjourned sessions . Since then the visiting justices made another report , embodying evidence on the dietary and discipline ef the gaol , and
adhering to tbe recommendation to dismiss the chaplain . A letter had also been received from Sir J . Graham on tfee whole of the documents , reflecting in the strongest terms upon the misconduct of the governor of the gaol , and putting it to the justices whether , after the instances stated In the evidence of tbe reports , particularly as to the continuance of corporal punishment to a youth when it had been expressly stopped by the surgeon in attendance , they could with confidence and-safety continue him in biB situation j and also « ontaining an opinion that if death had ensued in consequence of such conduct , the governor would haVe been guilty of homicide . The charges against the chaplain made by the visiting justices were the most prominent part of tbe proceedings . The first and main one was , that during the inquiry bis conduct had been most unsatisfactory It appeared that the inspector , who had been sent
down by Government to report on the case after Mr . Buncombe had made bis charges against the governor in the House of Commons , examined the chaplain privately at Enatafprd , and that the latter refused , when required , to state to the visiting justices what be nad communicated to the inspector , because , as be alleged , be considered that communication to be confidential . This was held by the justices to be a ground of accusation against him . He ma farther charged with having kept a jonrnd , which' he declined to produce for the inspection of the : justices , although an order bad been made that be should report to them whatever he saw wrong before entering it In his jonrnol , in order that the same might be Investigated ; and he was also charged "with not having exclusively devoted Us time to bis spiritual duties , and with not having administered the sacraments to some of the felons .
* At the conclusion of the reading of the documents , which were of some length ; and which contained evidence of an exculpatory aa well as of a criminatory character ,
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-i uf' ; 1 Townsend moved that the repo ] ttaof the visiting jugHoes be adopted and confirmed , and that the chaplain be dismissed . He went briefly over the alle . gations againsfe , the latter , and said that the main com . plaint against him was , that he had privately seen the inspector of prisons , and prejudiced that gentleman's bum , an * when asked to acquaint the visiting justices wittt what he had stated to him , he sheltered himseif under the pleaithat it was privileged , although the inspector in Ms report said that he did not consider the chaplain ' s csmmum catloBB confldenti&L m ™ 8 Tabley ^ nded * " motion . wr . Wilbraham contended , that the worst characters In the gaol had been brought out of their colls to demoiun tno chaplain ' s character , and called npon the Court not | to make the chaplain the victim and the scapegoat because what had been etated in Parliament had been proved to be true . He thought that if they sacrificed this gentleman they most of necessity sacrifice the gaoler . -
Mr . Davenport entered his solemn ; protest against tne motion , said that no teal ground for dismissal had been shown , and expressed a hope that the chaplain would not be visitad with the threatened pnniBbment ^ Sfu « P ""* 53 wer « of the Liberal schooL Tae Right Hon . E . J . Stanley feared the course they were taking would lead the public to view the whole proeeeiiiBg&s a feregene conclusion , namely , to get rid of the chaplain . He recapitulated the case , and said , tbe inquiry proved tbat what had been said in Parliament was substantially true , and they ought not to separate the conduct of the chaplain from that of the gaoler . He admitted that the former deserved admonition for his conduct to the justices , but said , tbat that conduct had not been sufficient to justify a step which must ruin and degrade him . After much further discussion , the motion was adopted , the numbers , on a division being for it , thirtyfive , against it Eve .
It was then arranged that the chaplain shonld leave forthwith , and be paid his salary op to the July quarter . After tbe discussion respecting the chaplain had ter-. minated , the Coort proceeded to consider the charges contained in Sir j . Graham ' s letter against the gaoler , going through them seriatum . In some of them the magistrates exonerated the gaoler , though in others It was admitted that he bad been in some degree blameable , but not to such an extent as to warrant them in withdrawing their confidence from htm . In this opinion all the magistrates then present concurred ; but when it w&s finally proposed to pass a general exculpatory vote In favour of the gaoler , Mr . Wilbraham declined to concur in it , upon the ground , that although he considered the charges unimportant , yet , as they had dismissed tbe chaplain on account of still less important charges , he could not consistently say that the gaoler ought to be entirely exculpated . The proceedings occupied about five hours .
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The Rev . Wight—It is no use to attempt it , you can read it after . . Mr , Bowman—No , Sir , you are a pared of usurpers—(" Bhsnie , " and " read it" ) Without the msating elects its own Chauman , it is a tmnnltnooff assembly . Miv Wight—Yon have no right to interrnpt the . . proceedings ia this way . I shall send for a constable and have order feept—( cheers and hisses . ) Mr Bewman—I perceive there is a police officer hero ; but I dare him to take me in charge . Idon * & want to create disturbance , bat to exercise my right as a eitiz ^ n . On an understanding that Mr . Bowman and others should be heard , the proceedings were allowed to » go on . .
The' Rev . Mr . Wight and severs ! other speakers addressed the meeting , strongly condemning the Government measure , and declaring that sooner than have it as it now stands , we wouM be better without education at all . They pointed out tbe educational clauses of the Bill , against which they most bitterly inveighed , and contended that they were well calculated to destroy Sunday schools , and foster a spirit of discontent amongst Dissenters generally . One speaker denounced . Dr . Hook , of Leeds , as being the frame * of the Bill , while another threw all the responsibility on the Government . A Rev . Mr . KItts ( Baptist minister ) made a most violent and rabid attack on the poos Catholics ia respect to the ' indulgences' of tbsir church—( many persons in tbe meeting expressed in strong terms their disapprobation of such intolerant conduct J
Mr . Bowman , —( appealing to the meeting )—Ate we to have a tirade against Popery ?—( cries of " shame , " " go on , " and great confusion ) . After the various speakers ( called on by tbe Chairman , ) bad finished , Mr . Bowman made several attempts to speak , but was interrupted by tbe Chairman , wfao would not allow him to proceed , but commenced reading a synopsis of tbe Bill , which occupied a considerable time ; after which he dissolved tho meeting , though he and others were pledged to bear the other speakers , or they would not have been allowed to proceed . 1 * 0 words can . give a picture of tbe . scene which now prevailed . Several persons attempting to speak at once , but the confusion and noise drowned their voices .
Mr . Wight—You most be orderly . I bava taken care to have tbe Bill printed in such a way , that no man has a right to spe&k without permission —{ loud hooting . ) A Voice—These are the apostlea of Christianity ! Mr . Hanson—I enter my solemn protest against the way in which this meeting baa been conducted . The Chairman , or Mr . Wight—If the meeting does not separate , I'll order tbe lights to be put out . The foregoing is a brief outline of what really took place , for the meeting lasted upwards of three hours . We have attended numerous public meetings , during periods of great popular excitement , when party feeling ran very high ; but we never witnessed , on the part of any faction , so overbearing , intolerant , and tyrannical a spirit as was displayed by these dissenting parsons on this occasion . Firstly , we bava them
usurping the right of the people , in public meeting assembled , to choose' tbeir own chairman . Secondly , we have them exhibiting a violent and intolerant spirit towards the poor Catholics . Thirdly , we have them , ( for the sake of being heard themselves ) , promising from the pulpit , tbat others should be heard after they were done ; and then desecrating the house of God by refusing every one the privilege they had premised . Fourthly , we have them calling on the people to sign a petition , which they dared not . lay before tbe meeting , because it goes for a rejection of the whole Government measure , and , as finch , would have bees opposed . And , fifthly , hypocritically pretending to be the friends of the children of the poor , while they would continue them in slavery and ignorance , by wholly opposing this measure for lessening infant labour in factories , and securing them
education . Ia consequence of these proceedings , the following placard waa issued next morning : — " Public Meeting . —Intolebent , Overbearing , and Tyrannical conduct op the Dissenting Preachers in Opposing the Factory Regulation and Education Bill . —In consequence of the tyrannical and overbearing conduct of the dissenting preachers , at the public meeting held in the Congregational Chapel , last night , in not allowing any one to speak but themselves , and ia calling on the people to sign a petition which -was never submitted to tbe meeting , a public , meeting will be held at the Market Cross this evening , at half-p&st seven o ' clock * to take into consideration tbe propriety of petitioning Parliament on tbe < Factory Regulation and Education Bill . '
"N . B . —The dissenting preachers are particularly invited to attend to discuss the subject . The chairman will be chosen by the meeting . " At the time called for the meeting , a considerable number of persona had assembled , but at tbe time of taking tbe chair ( eight o ' clock ) there would not he fewer than from 3 , 000 to S . 500 persons present . Oa the motion of Mr . Hanson , Mt . James Arthur was called onto preside ; who , after reading the Bill calling the meeting , and making a few appropriate remarks , called on Mr . Bowman to move the first resolution .
Mr . Bowman complained bitterly of tbe overbearing and tyrannical conduct of those Christian teachers who had exhibited on tbe former evening . He said "Wbila they headed their band-bin " Religious Liberty , " the ? bad most unfairly trampled upon tbe liberty ef the subject , by choosing their own chairman previous to the meeting , and then not allowing any one to be heard but their own party , though they were pledged to hear all parties . Such conduct -was not only hypocritical but tyrannous—it was , in short , a desecration of tho
house of God . These men had ottered the most violent tirades of abnss against the Cburcb and the Catholics , and while they exposed the educational clauses of the Factory Bill , they had forgot all these good portions of the Bill which protected the poor factory child against that excess of toil to which it had been subjected , and shielded it from those dangers to which it had been most instrnmeKUlIy exposed , by being compelled to clean machinery while in motion . Mr . Bowman , after some further remarks , moved tbe following resolution : —
" That in tbe opinion of this meeting the Bill now before Parliament foe the education of children employed in factories , is not calculated to give to the riBing generation a sou-ad , practical , and usifnl education , in consequence of tbe power ef appointing Trustees being placed in tbe bands of tbe dominant Church party ; at the 6 ame time we approve of it as a means of affording education to those who would not otherwise receive it , thus giving them an opportunity of entering the garden of knowledge and partaking of those salutary fruits which they would otherwise be deprived of . Yet this meeting hall this as a great remedial measure to the intense suffering and great exposure to * personal injury to which young peiBona employed in manufactories bave hitherto been subjected and exposed , by lessening their hours of labour and protecting them against injuries likely to be inflicted upon them by cleaning machinery when in motion . "
This resolution was seconded by- Mt . Carruthers , and carried unanimously . Mr . Hanson , then cirae forward , to move tbe adoption of a petition . He spoke at considerable length-The petltioa was seconded , and cawied nnariimoTialy . Tne petition was ordered to be signed by tbe chairman in behalf of the meeting , and forwarded to Sir James Grafcaia for presentatioa to the House of GommonB , accompanied with a letlef of explanation respect * ngits origia . We bad almost forgot bo mention tbat uuring the proseedings tbe Rev . Mr . Chester , ( Methodist
pteache »>> mounted the cress stairs , and endeavoured to defend the conduct of himself and others at the forrnev meeting ; but in this he most miserably and signally fatted , as waa clear from tbe jeers and laughter of the- meeting . He was , patiently heard throughout * though bis observations . were of a very rambling character •„ indeed , many ar& of opinion that he came there , not so much for the sake of being beard , bat for the purpose of exasperating the people . We are glad , however , that the people by their forbearing conduct Bb ' j him an example which we trust he will profit by in fatttre .
The Workins-. Mens Mental Improvement Society . —The members of this society and a number of friends spent asocial evening tog ^ t&er on Mon day , the 17 th instant , on which occasion Eeveral excellent speeches were made on a variety of subjects . Phbeuo-Mssjhbrism . —We noticed last week two lectures on tbja subject , which were delivered by Mr . Adair , of the Sheffield Phrenological Society , in the lecture room , at the Athei » um . Since then the same gentleman has , given experima&ts in this science , on ' oar diffetsat occasions in the same place ; and with
very gruii success , both as regards the numbers ia attendance , and the accurate results which ho has established . Mr . Adair has succeeded ^ mesmerising several persons belonging to the town , and when ia that state , has operated spon the various organs with , singular and convincing , effect ; indeed we know several of fee parties , and have no hesitation in saying that they are above suspicion ; and would be amongst the last men in Carlisle to lend themselves for any dishaoeat purpose , mash leas to act in collusion with * stranger to deceive and cajole their fellaw-townamen .
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• Aw Orleans journal states that a notary of that placabad just fled , lewnflg a deficit of 500 , 000 francs . SeisBuppase&vto nave Bnaped his course towards England . Many of the sufferers are industrious artisansaa < JagricalturiBt 8 , wb <) had placed their sayings in his hands . ' - AnviCES ekok Alexandria of the 8 th ins * . etat « , that Mehemet AH left Cairo on the 31 st ult . for Lower Egypt . He was to proceed thence to Alexan * diria , where he usually resides during the season of th « Kamsia and the rammer , months . Ibraham and Said Pasha still continue in Lower India . ' The highest number of people on theJPaMey relief list was 14 , 791 ; this was on the 11 th of November , 1842 . The nnmher on iti& list this ( last > week is 835 . The Relief Committee , at their meeting on Thursday last , came to the resolution that theur distribution of provisions to the unemployed should cease en Saturday tbe 29 th . kit .
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Ekbata . —At the beginning of this " Journal / 'it was set forth , that Mr . Pitketbly left home on the 10 th of January , 1843 . This was an error . It should have been January 10 th , 1842 . Mr . Pltlr . etb . ly also desires us to say that it is utterly ont of his power to answer the numerous personal applications made to him by letter , and otherwise from parlies who Bontemplate emigrating , and who thus seek for advice . His business avocations forbid it . Were he to devote the whole of his time to that purpose , it would be barely sufficient ; while all the information be possesses will be freely
communicated to all through the Star . One thing he most strongly advises : that all who can , ¦ will suspend their arrangementa for departure , till they have Been the davelopement of a nett scheme op Emigrant Colonisation , which will follow in due cnurae of this publication : for by it , he belives , great suffering and much dis < appointment may be averted , and much general and individual good secured . In connection with this subject of Emigration to the States , we have received the following letter from one whose name is well known throughout both Lancashire and Yorkshire . It will be read with interest , and impait some useful information . New York , April 6 tb , 1843 . TO THE EDITOR OP THE NOETHEBN STAB . Sl £ , ~ As the tide of Emigration is about to set in here , a few observations upon the state of the country may not be unless . Large numbers com ? here almost pennyleu when they land ; and , as a matter of course , the labour market in the vicinity of the large towns becomes glutted . There is scarcely a cotton mill that has not been inundated with 'workmen ; and the consequence is it has caused a material reduction in wages . In connection with this , daily improvements are being made in the machinery , such as " double decking" and " self-acting ; " this , too , has thrown numbers out of employment ; so that factories here are little better than those in England ; and , upon the whole , people employed in them do worse than any
other trade . Still the general advantages over England are great Land is cheap , provisions are cheap , and , apart from the large towns , fuel is moderate . Farmers with small capital , do better than at home ; and so do mecbancs , such as carpenters , painters , smiths , and labourers . Thousands have landed in New York , who bave returned ta England in a few weeks , giving , no doubt , very distressing accounts of the country ; they having passed , perhaps , the whole of their time in tbe city where they landed . Persons of small capital and industrious habits , who are struggling with the depression tiat has taken place in bade in England , may better tbeir fortunes considerably by emigrating to tbe Western . States , say Michigan , Illinois , Ohio , Tennessee , and baying a small farm ,
puthr > " up themselves a house , in which they are assisted their neighbours , and obtaining employment at tbeir ade , or assisting their neighbours in getting in tbeir crops , for the first year till they are settled . The land increases in value every year , as the place becomes more populous : and only think , Sir , of the contrast ! a man here by doing so , may secure a permanent independence for his offiipring ; whilst in England he toils all his lift for a scanty subsistence , and his . landlord's rent Still I do not advise any poor man to break up his house and home , if he is earning a living , to procure a passage here , if be has not the means to carry bira further ; for as I have already stated , this causes the large towns to be over-run with men seeking work . And when they see others similarly situated ,-they
tire ; and , as a last resource , try to get home again . It may not be uninteresting to my brother Chartists to learn bow their labours to obtain their just rights are looked upon in this country . In the first place , the two factions , Whig and Democrat , have been hard at work abusing each other for some time past , which baa left them very little time to attend to the sufferings of tbe brave Chartists on the other side of the Atlantic . Bat the news of your brave and manly conduct during the last straggle has caused them to look more closely into the cause why tbe industrious sons of Britain should be thus deprived of the only neans of relieving themselves from their present degraded position , namely , tbe choosing of tbeir representatives in Parliament ; and they are now expressing themselves In language plain enough to bo understood , that the cause of Chartism in
England ifl the cause of justice and truth . I have no doubt the time is not far distant when peblic opinion will be aroused in this country , and some steps taken to express tbeir sympathy for their suffering brethren . By the way , it would be as well to remind Emigrants coming over to this country , that they will find a whole host of locusts ready to prey npon them the moment they land , in the shape of boarding house keepers , and steam boat agents . Hundreds of poor men upon landing here have been plundered by these men in the most shameful manner : as for instance , they will promise to board them for a certain sum , then get possession of their luggage ; the unfortunate dupe , upon calling fob his bill , finds it to amount to three or four times the sum he agreed for . But he has no alternative . He must either pay or lose his luggage . Against these sharks it behoves tbe emigrant to be en hia guard .
Trusting tii&t tbe unfortunate victims of Whiggism and Toryism will * oon be | restored to the besom of their families , I beg to subscribe myself , Yours in the cause of democracy , WttlUS BTJTTES . WORTH .
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION OF IRELAND . Irishmen , —I have stated that the various suffrages which were proposed for tbe adoption of the people were not calculated to repeal the " Union , " or " strike the blow" which 1 b to set the " bondsmen free . " We have seen tbat tbe document of the People ' s Charter was introduced as the only safe and certain remedy for political grievances , at least so thought the framera of that document , ( among whom was O'Co&nell , ) and bo the people bave ever believed it to be . It is plain that if consistency of principle is necessary in public men , or parties , it is equally necessary as regards tbe Charter . If a man or set of men adopt a principle which has for j its object the amelioration of their condition , it is only 1
reasonable they should give such principle a fair trial before they either condemn , or introduce others in its stead . Tbe question which follows is , was the principle of Universal Suffrage given a fair trial before it waa attempted to be ejected from the document of which it was a portion ? It hot , it was unfair to condemn it before it had failed as a measure . When we look at the present state of society , and behold the people crushed beneath an enormous load of taxation to support an overgrown and corrupt system of Government , we cannot but admit the necessity of applying some efficient remedy for tbe abuse , and , like skilful physicians , treat the malady ia its proper and safest w * y . It unfortunately happens tbat there are as many ( if not more ) political , as physical quacks , who ignorantly
and recklessly presume to administer nostrum after nostrum , regardless of the result , so long as they can pocket tbe fee , and dispose of their pills . One quack bleeds , another blisters , and a third leeches his patients , until at length , betwixt physicking and slops , tho wretched sufferers are reduced to a condition ten times worse than before they submitted to be quacked . In political illness , we bave quacks of all shades of colours , from the ultra Tory to tbe ultra Reformer , who aspires to tbe establishment of a New Moral World of his own . The Reform quacks , who would Improve the condition of the working classes , are , however , tbe most arrant knaves in existence , nor can they : be otherwise , when we remember the final measure of Lord John Russell ; his dose was
indeed a pill , bnt fitill incapable of eradicating the symptoms of unsound and corrupt legislation . The quacks of this order are the more dangerous , as they seJdom bold the same opinion , er pursue the same practice , for any length of time . The medicines they would apply , in one case , externally , are often applied internally , and hence we have naked backs in the streets , and hungry : stomachs in the bastiles . One knowing one says tbe people ought to be educated before they should be entrusted with the suffrage . To this numbers of would-be friends of the people assent ; now , I cannot deny tbat were the people in possession of sound moral and political knowledge they would soon obtain influence andpewer ; but I am at a loss to know how the people are to be educated in
erder to be qualified ? Of a certainty there is but little hope from tbe Government ; they know tbat knowledge is power , and consequently they never will educate tbe people as long as they can avoid it ; we have bad a striking proof of this in the fact of £ 70 , 000 being voted for her Majesty's stables , whilst £ 30 , 001 was voted for the purposes of National education . Talk of educating the people before you would give them the suffrage after that— 'tis monstrous ! as it is evident if education ia to be procured for money , the horses of her Mojeety would have the suffrage sooner than the people . The people themselves are too poor and oppressed to afford the means , and what is worse , mother cburcfi , with all her knowledge and inspiration , is not a charitable school mistress .
Tbe " lower orders , " BuyB another , are very ignorant , and if they bad the suffrage , they would not know what to do with it ; we should have the " rabble " doing this and doing tbat , and there would be nothing but confusion . Bat , I would ask , are nil the men who possess the franchise educated , or morally better in their character , than tbe non-electors ? If so , where are tbe proofs ? If education were to be the test of qoalifleat < on , very many , now belding the elective privilege , would be immediately struck off tbe list of voters ; indeed , I might safely say , there are many thousands of the present electors , who are perfectly ignorant of every thing save crouching servility to their patrons and
landlords . But it is absolutely necessary , says another , to enlighten tbe people before you would give them the franchise . Bnt I would refer this quack to the proceedings of the late session of Parliament , and then say if tbe lower orders ; of any country in the : world cut so contemptible a figure as did the representatives of the present enlightened (?) electors . But I forget , it is not as educational suffrage , those bribe-loving , venal , favoured oneB , possess .: No , it is a household , or brick and mortar qualification . The present House of Commons owe their elevation not to the voice or reason of tbe people , but to tbe agency ef inanimate matter , or household qualification .
Talk of morality if yon please , but shew me , if you can , where is the morality er the justice in such a state of things . Almost in every town of the empire there are numbers of houses which are dens of prostitution and infamy , receptacles for highwaymen and midnight assassins , tbe occupiers of those houses have a qua'iflcatlon , bnt the working man who rents a cottage for a sum lees than ia required by law , has no vote , although he is a better and more useful -member of society than his infamous neighbour . If a roan rents a house for tbe special purpose of letting it out in lodgings , be is qualified to bave a vote , whilst tbe party paying him a profit rent is disenfranchised . A , pays £ 26 rent for a house , B pays him £ 30 for furnished lodgings , whilst A has a voice in making ; the law which keeps the monopoly in his own hands , and B , although he pays , must submit to be burthensd with A ' s taxes . Or a landlord has a number of small houses ou his estate , asd to
secure hia return to Parliament be adds a pig house , a fowl bouse , er a few loads of atonea and mottat io make them of the nominal value of £ 10 . Bat we will give you Lodger Suffrage , sav . the friends of cheap Government , but why not give the poor man a vote , says the advocate of the Cbarter f He not only builds your houses but produces the -wealth which you expend on them ; and whether is hev or the bricks , more eligible as electors ? According to the principle of Household Suffrage , it is the bouse and not the man that possesses the vote , ! for suppose a man had a house to-day torough which be was qualified , and that that house was by any accident destroyed , where would be bis qualification then ? It is plain then that if we had no houses we oould have no Members of Patliament , bat as we cannot live without houses , we mart endeavour to reduce them to their proper and obvious uses .
It cannot be a free country where the producers of wealth are denied a just protection for their labour . Ia a healthy state of society the working classes should be independent of tfae capitalists , for It ii a simple truth , that cause and effect should be co-equal ; therefore , if labour produces wealth , labour is the principal ; and if that wealth be again employed to produce labour it ought to strengthen the mutual dependence of labour and capital upon each other . Where this protection is denied to labour , and when laWB ate made for the pioteotion of capital only , the workings classes must naturally be oppressed . It ia the duty Of a people to protect themselves ; and it is justice to admit their claim to have a voice In making the lawa which contribute to their happiness or misery . Thus , in ; the present case , the working 1 classes are , through the influence of class-made laws , which uphold the interests ol the c&piV&UBts . tad opposed to the tighta of labour ,
reduced to the lowest depths of degradation , and stesped to the lips in poverty and wretchedaes ^ xlt is to remedy thisa \) u 9 o , and obtain equal | repfefieatation , that tbe people have adopted tbe principle of the Cbarter ; for Why should one class ? who produce' nothing , have the power to make laws for their own convenieuce at the expence of the wealth producers ? If lava be founded in justice , their influence would be equally felt by every individual in the empire ; and unless they afford protection tfrthe poor as well as the rich , they must of necessity be either imperfect or unjust . ^ m ^^ ^_ _^ ^ MjB ^ M . ^ apl ^ . ^ i ^ Mi ^< M <^ B ^^ W ^^*^ ' ^** ' *^^^*
Now , it is said by the advocates of aristocratic governments that tbe Constitution of these countries is perfect , and " a blessing to the nation"f I deny such perfection exists in the "blessed Constitution , " or that the blessed Constitution ia a blessing to the nation . If the Constitution was perfect , labour would have Us protection , and the working ] classes wsuld have a voice in making laws to insure its . continuance . Whil&t the aristocracy and class interests trample on the rights and revel in the wealth produced by tbeir fellowcitizens , it is a libel on the Constitution to say it is a blessing to the nation . It is a blessing , to be sure , to all who live by other people's industry , but it is a curse to the millions who have to support the Idlers ,
Strange , that perfect as the constitution is said to be , still we find numbers of those very idlers to which it is a blessing , crying out for reform . Is it a reform of & perfect constitution they mean , ' or is it a reformation by way of obtaining greater facility for plunder they would seek ? I fancy it is the latter , for if they were sincere they would not quibble and shuffle and try to annihilate the only principle which can possibly achieve radical and permanent good . Why » ot join the working classes in seeking to establish the Charter as the law , instead of opposing its progress ? Why nut strike at the root of the evil , and by dealing justly with the people , perfect the imperfect constitution , and make their conntry the * admiration of tbe world ? Why not
give the people the franchise , and thereby restore them to political equality ? Because they are now as ever they were , your taskmasters , and would sooner heap more chains and miseries upon you than give yon one particle of liberty , or respite j from your sufferings They have never been honest enough to cede a single point without having first limited it to certain bounds . If the people had tbe suffrage they would not tolerate abuses , and would cut off the sources of monopoly and unjust taxation ; this , the woald-be reformers well know , and fearing tbe trade of oppression would fail , they labour to counteract tbe principle of Universal Suffrage , by endeavouring to substitute other and less efficient remedies in its stead , lit is tor this reason
Manhood Suffrage and twenty-five years of age waa cried up ; it is for this reason the Irish forty shilling freeholders lost the franchise in exchange for emancipation ; it is for this reason the leaders of the Irish people quibble about technical triflos , and denounce tbe word UNIVERgAL with as much vehemence as if it was contagions ; it is for this reason " known Chartists" are excluded from repeal meetings ; and , finally , it is because those precious hypocrites have been driven from one position to another , with the voice of liberty thundering in their ears , and striking terror into their hearts , and the mareh of pauperism pressing on their heels , that we have them now , nolens volens , crying out «« Complete Suffrage .
Irishmen , listen to them not ! It is the cry of tbe crocodile and the last shift of expiring hypocrisy . The Whigs and middle classes bave never ceded or assisted you yet , nor will they now unless you compel them . Remember there is no mercy to { be expected from a hungry wolf—dissemble as he may , he is a wolf still . In seeking for the franchise , bear in mind that the Charter is your only hope ; it is your sheet anchor in the sfconn ; nor will any other course of policy give you as certain a victory . It is enough for you to know tbat you are compelled to contribute taxes and defend your country with your lives . It is enough for you to
know , tbat no matter whether it be a Tory or a Whig Government demands y * ur obedience , tbat tbe penalty is the same , and that you are the' slaves of both . If you are to pay , you ought to know for what , and to whom ; and if you are to shed yourj blood in defence of your country , you ought to have a voice in making the laws which bind you . If you aie poor , you have a tight to inquire tbe cause , and when you know it to remedy it ; and if you cannot do so , you should demand tbat your right be restored to you . i As the producers of wealth , you have a right to examine the aacounts of the nation and scrutinize them as becomes you .
Irishmen , if you love liberty and would see your country happy , you will set yourselves about the work of regeneration . . You have Been the insincerity of the Wbiga and Middle Classes- You know the Tories are your enemies , therefore the work ! is , must be your OWN . Imitate the example set you by the Chartists of Great Britain , and the brave and [ invincible band of the Irish Universal Suffrage Association . They aie the TRUE friends of Ireland , and opposed as they may be , tbey will ultimately prove the saviours of your country . Rally , then , round their standard—it is stamped with the sogis of troth , and victory hovers over it . . Your obedient servant , ; VEnms .
CARLISLE . INTOLERANCE OF DISSENT .--PUBLIC MEETING TO PETITION PARLIAMENT AGAINST THE FACTORIES' REGULATION AND EDUCATIONAL BILL . ' > On Tuesday evening , the 18 th inst ., a public meeting was called in tbe Congregational i Chapel , Lowtherstreet , for tbe above purpose . A great number of the Working classes were preseBt on thejoccasion , evidently taking a deep interest in the proceedings against this measure of the Government , more especially as it -was understood tbat the Dissenters were for a total rejection of the whole measure , without any regard to its improvement . At the hour appointed , the Chapel was about half filled , but the numbers soon began to Increase , and before the close we should thinkitbeie would not be fewer than from five to six hundred persons present . The meeting was opened by praye « , after which a Rev . Mr . Wilson came forward as chairnmn , and was about to proceed , when Mr . Bowman came forward and
said— ; Am I to understand , sir , that you jure chairman ? It bo , I object , unless you are chosen in a regular way . This is a public meeting—( cheers and hisses . ) The Chairman—I will not leave the chair . Mr . Bowman—There has been no chairman chosen . — ( hear , hear , and hissing . ) A Voice—We can't hear Mr . Bowman . Mr . Bowman—According to the law of public meetings , the chairman ought to be chosen by the meeting—( confusion . ) I don't know Mr . Wilson at all , but I do say , to publish a handbill calling a public meeting , and that bill beaded " Religious Liberty , " rand then to choose the Chairman privately ere the meeting assembled , is trampling on the liberty of the subject . If the meeting chooses Mr . Wilson I have no objection—( Go on , and hisses . )
The Chairman—As the announcement was made on the placard that I was to take the chair , and as tbe meeting was called for a specific object , no one has . a right to Interfere with tbe arrangements . The object we have in view is a truly Christian and philanthropic one , to secure the preservation of our religious rights and liberties . We feel for the children ef the poor , and axe assured that the objects we aim at are calculated to promote their interests . [ Mr . Bowman—You bad better take a fair and reasonable coarse , and appoint a chairman . ( A veice" it is done . " ) Then yon bave assumed a power you had no right to possess . ( Hear , heari and uproar . ) I say you are greater tyrants than the Government of whom you are complaining . The Chairman—I beg , air , you will not Interrupt us in this way ; we come here for an honest atuL conscientious purpose . ! *
Mr . Bowman—I much question : your- honesty , when you are thus trampling on the' liberty of tbe suhjpet . i The Chairman attempted to speak , but the noise was so great that he could not be heard . ' Mr , Bowman—I will read you the 2 &w of public meetings . ( Noise . ) This is religious liberty ! ( Hisses and cries of read it . ) You bad far ! tetter take my way , because it is an honest way . [ The Rev . Mr . Wight—We have a right , sir-Mr . Bowman —( amidst great noisej- —It 3 a a public meeting , and it must appoint its own chairman . A voice— " Put him ont , " and greafc uproar . Mr . Bowman—Aye , you may , do as you like , but The Chairman—When we ars- « tone , you can Eaj . what you have to say . ( Applause- said hooting . ) A voicej ^ -Well have oar owa chairman .
The Rev . Mr . Wight—In calling thia meeting ; we took particular care to know whether we were righ ^ or wrong ,, or doing every thing , according to law * , and being welt aware that it was . a common custonvta interrupt meetings , we did « ves $ thing we could to prevent anything taking plaee > on the present occasion . We called the meeting oa our own reaponaibility ; we appointed a chairman , and no one baa . a right to come and complain « i it ( Hooting * aobe , and cheers . ) I Mr . Bowman—Then you ought not to has * called a public meeting . j
Mr . Wight—We called this meeting by placard , which specified ita object , and annomioed who was to be in the chair , and not all the men in Britain have a right to find fault with it ( Hooting and cheers . ) I wish it to be distinctly understood , that , as minister of this chapel , I mean to claim the protection of the law . ( Loud disapprobation and applause . ) It is net from any feeling of hostility towards such persona , as Mr . Bowman—( ohI oh ! from Mr . Bowman )—that I refuse to hear him . I am myself a ^ member of the Complete Suffrage Association , —( a voice—then why do you not elect a chairman by Universal Suffrage , )—but I would be tbe first m&a to denounce , in the strongest terms , men who come to such meetings as thia for the purpose of interrupting the business , ; Holding these opinions , I can go on with , clean hands . I will claim the protection of the law . \
Mr . Bowman—Then I will read ) you the law . ( Cheers and hisses , ) Oh ! I will not be put down , I will read you the law . i Mr . Arthur—Allow Mr . Bowman to read the law . Mr . Bowman , amidst great uproar , attempted to read from a book . He began , < according to jusage' —( cries of " put him down , " and * ' ehame , " mingled with criea ol " go on . " )
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1210/page/7/
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