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General Intelligence*
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ftoetrp* SDAAtM.
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POLAND.
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Cra&ea' fftobtmemsL «r..^N.^.-» /v»^c
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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THE POLISH INSURRECTION . IWe suspend for a week oar " Beauties of Byron , " to make way forthefollewinglines , which weextract from the Mtutrated London News of Saturday last . ] "AudFreedom shrieW when Kosciusto fell . "— CamptoN , Eternal Pow ' r ! whose Word Divine Hath said " that where thy Spirit dwells There also freedom builds her shrine !" And there the human bosom swells "With thoughts above the sordid earth , With aspirations raised to Thee ,
Till rapt with love of deathless worth , Man becomes what he ought to be . Wilt Thou at last dash dowa the chain Close riveted to Poland ' s neck ! Wilt Thon at last destroy the reign Of ruthless tyranny , and check The Calmnc TUltore ' s shriek lor blood , Th » blood of beauty and the brave , Who for the Christian cause oft stood , Or , falling , found a glorious grave ! 'Twere blasphemy to donbt Thon art Where Freedom fires the human heart :
Who thunders at Vienna ' s gate 1 Why skulks the Hun behind his walls ! Why not come forth and braveher fate Which nerer raliant heart appals ! The Austrian cowers before the Turk—The Cross before the Crescent flies ; The scimitar hews out its wort , Amidst a Nation ' s agonies ! On!—on!—the thundering Spahis come , like wolf-packs o ' er the snow-clad plain ; Ana Europe shudders at her doom , And quail the crests of France ana Spain . "Where are the Champions of the Cross SHave they forgotten Ascalon I Why rush not to retrieve the loss ,
And prop pale Austria ' s tottering Throne ! No ! none com * forward in that hour Of mortal peril , save One Pow ' r . Brave Poland ' s spear is gleaming high—Her pennons flout the frowning slty j John Sobieski comes—his swords Scatter like chaff the Moslem hordes . The Austrian breathes—bis throne is tared—Dictates the peace he lately craved ; O ' erwhehnswith thanks the Polish chiefi—And now—oh , gratitude ! oh , grief !—The Hun would trample on the land Which saved him from the Pa jnim brand ! What boots it to recall the day
When Vistula xecoil'd with ahame When Poland ' s crown became the prey Of Royal robbers , and the name Highestupon Fame ' s blazon placed , The name of Poland was erased From the broad map of Europe » Strife , Foul civil Discord gave the blow That decaoD , with all erils rife Laid Kosciusko ' s country low ! BntstiU she rose again . Her soul , Contemn'd the despofs frul control . The humblest peasant of her soil , Though worn down by ungrateful toil , Telt that his spirit was unbroke ,
And sigh'd to rend the tyrant's yoke . And the day came at hut . Uprose Poloniain her glorious might , Scattering before her freedom's foes , As day dispels the clouds of night . The heart of Europe leap'd with joy When rosh'd forth hoary eld and boy ; E ' en woman grasp'd the pike and sword To save the land they all adored . And saved it certainly had been , But diplonutes stept in between The flying Suss , victorious Pole , Baffled the conqueror near the goal . The tide roll'd back in vengeful flood , And deluged the lost land in tears and blood
Again , again , the nation rallies ! forth from thenountaim , plains , and vallieij From crowded tonrn and lonely shore , The hamlet , and ihe forest hoar , Gomes thundsringthe battle-cry Of men resolved " % do or die . " Unequal conflict ! let the race Not always to the swift is given ; The mighty may not « Iways place His heel upon the weak . KindheaTenJ Who saest fair woman scourged to death By Calmnc knont ! who seeit the tame And noble Pole heave his last breath , Chained , Urtured , in Siberian cave , Raise up a David , to strike dowa Tfc « Geryon of Royalty : Despots who desecrated a crown , Which they ( forsooth !) receirs froa Hue I Let not a noble laadhecome
Th' Aceldama of modern times ; Let Europe ' s voice no more be dumb , Kor silence sanction blackest crime }! Troops had extinguished Poland ' s just lesirs" TV ttthwuithers tbemsthes" art now or fire .
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JOT [ The attention we &re just bow conceited to devote to the cause of our Polish brethren has left as bo time to prepare oar usual "Reviews" this week . ]
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The Mowing notice of the extent aid population of the different prtvinces which constituted the andent republic of Poland will be read with interest at a moment when tk tir inhabitants are making an effort to become indV psndent of their { resent rulers . Gallicia , which now belongs toJAustria , has an extent of 1 , 580 geographical miles , * and a population of 4 , 797 , 243 , nearly all Peles . About 2 , 000 , 000 profess the United Greek religion , about the same number are Roman Catholics . Tiwe are rather more than 950 , 000 scliismatie Greeks , 30 , 000 Protestants , and 283 , 345 Jews . The republic , of which Cracew is the
capita ! , has about 21 geographical square miles , and 145 , 787 inhabitants . The territory and the town form a republic , under the protectorate of Austria , Russia , and Prussia . The Grand Duchy of Posen , which forms pan of the Prussian monarchy , has a superficies of 536 square geographical miles ; a population of 1 , 290 , 187 , of whom 372 , 789 pwfess the Prussian Evangelical religion , and are chiefly Germans by origin and in language . There are 783 , 916 Roman Catholics , who are nearly all Poles . The Jews are in number 77 . 102 . Prussia has alss other populations of Polish origin in Silesia , and eastern and western Prussia , from Dantzic to the frontiers others
of Russia ; but as they hare been separated from the Polish people for more than a century , it is not supposed that they will take any part in the insurrection . The ancient provinces of Lithuania , White Russia , and Samogitia , form the Russian governments of Wilna , Witepsk , Grodno , Kowno , Minsk , andMohilew . Their population is 4 , 973 , 309 . These countries hare for four vears been suffering from scarcity tf provisions , and the people are , therefore , in a stats of great excitement . Tha nobles and a portion of the people are Roman Catholic ; the rest , who were formerl y of the United Greek Church , ixrei now become , by choice or force , members of the Schismatic Greek Church but a great number
, of the peasintry have refused to acknowledge the Russian bishops who were appointed to succeed their priests . Ihere are also a few thousand Poles in the Russo-German governments of Courland and Livonia . In the Ukraire and Little Russia ; viz ., the governments of Volhynia , Kieff . Piltawa , Kurks , 4 c ., the nobles profess the Roman Catholic faith , but the people now profess the same religion as the Russians . The population of these governments , which ate ot great extent , amounts to eight millions . What is called the kingdom of Poland , and which is under the authority of Gen . Paskewitscb , is also of considerable extent , and has a population of 4 , 769 , 790 . Thus there are
ir—Galticia 4 , 797 . 243 Cncow ••••••••**•••« t « , « 145 , 787 The Grand Duchy of Posen 1 , 230 , 187 Lithuania 4 , 978 , 3 C 9 Little Bnssia 8 , 000 , 000 The Kingdom of Poland 4 , 769 , 730 Giving a total of 23 , 981 , 376 The population of Russia is 63 millions , that of Austria 37 millioni , and that of Prussia 16 millions , independently oi the population of the different pio-Tincea of ancient Poland .
CRACOW . The Mowing descriptive account of Cracow will be read with interest at the present moment : — ^ The republic of Cracow extends over a territory of Bixtj-firar square leagues , and its existence , as a state , which dates from the Congress of 1815 . was owing to the differences raised between Russia , Austria , and Prussia , each contending for its possesuon . As these three powers could not come to an undi-rstandiug on the subject , it was determined that Cracow should be converted into a free state , and placed uuder their immediate protection , insuring a neutrality and inviolability of her terriiory , except in cases where she should be found giving an asylum to ctimilials Irom the countries presided over by the tbrts protecting munarchs . The legislative power of this republic is in a body of deputies elected by each eonimunitv ; of three members of the Senateone of
, rTF 7 % ? * assauW 5 ' . of three canons of the « Taf ? ? ? ' * " » Actors ot the University , and of the Judges of the Tnbuuals . TWs body holds a session SKnuaLy , which lasu scarcely three « ontl . s- it makes laws , votes thebudget . inspkctsthe admb . Utratilt . and nominates two-ihirds of the senators as well as the judges . The sxeeutive power is confided to a senate , composed of twelre members and a president ; the president and eight of the members being nominated by the legislative body , two others are elected bv the chapter . » nd two by the university . Eight ef these senators are elected for life , and four annually . The prudent is elected every three years . The senate discusses the laws before their presentation to the National Assembly ; i t nominates to civil an-J ecclesiastical eniploynu-iits . To be eli gible to become a senator , the candidate oust be thirtj . five years of age , he must have studied at out of
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the Polish umversitiM , must have exercised some public employment , and have paid taxes to the amount of 150 florins , a little more than £ 7 English . The deputy must fulfil the same conditions , only he is eligible at the age of twenty-five . The electors are members of the chapter and of the university , ail proprietors , merchant ! , and tradespeople , ariisaus , or individuals of the learned profession , haviug paid taxes to the amount of oue . third of thesum required to be paid by a senator or deputy . The republic has a militia which watches over the safety of the capital , and a body of armed men for the protection of its territory . Its revenues are full y equal to its extte Polish unwersitiei , must have exercised snm «™ , M ; o
penses , more especiall y as the republic has no debt beinc entirely freed from that which belonged to the kingdom of Poland . The territory of the republic is bounded on tile north and west b y WoTwodre ; on the south by the Vistula , which separates it from Gallicia ; and on the west by Brimca , which separates it from SUieia . Its length , from east to west , is about fiifceen geogrophieal leaguns ; and its breadth , from north to south , about fifteen . The whole extent of territory is an inclined plane towards the south , with occasienal small hills , and it is fertilised by numerous water-courses , tributaries of the Vistula .
The culture of flax , the rearing of cattle , poultry , and bees , are the principal employments of the occupiers of the land . There is an iron foundry at Cracow , and two or three other manufactories in the whole extent of the republic ; but almost , with these exceptions , the manufactured articles in demand reach' the people from other countries . Under the administration of the republic the condition of the peasants has very much improved . Their cabins or huts , though they are still built principally of boughs of trees , cemented together by mud and lime , have an improved appearance ; they are whitened outside , and are cleaned within . The roads are well planted on either side , and the fields , like those in England , are , to a certain extent , divided by hawthorn hedges . Then * fruits are principally apples , prunes , cherries , cbesnuts , and even some peaches and almonds . Such is a slight sketch of the aspect of the country principally in the environs of Cracow .
Cracow itself was the ancient capital of Poland ; the place where its kings were crowned , ' and where their remains were deposited in sepulchres . Cracow was , indeed , to some extent , sacred in the eyes of the Polish nation . According to the old chroniclers , it owes i ts name to Krakus , Duke of Chroba 6 ci Blanche , who founded it about the year 700 ot" the Christian era . It was Bolislas the Great who made it the capital of his empire , the seat of which was previously at Gnesne . Situated in a delicious valley on the borders of the Vistula , it embraced the Wawei , the mounain on which , history informs us Krakus built % castle , which was afterwardB reconstructed by the Mugs , Piast Sigismund I ., and Augustus IL ; fortified by Dumouriez in 1768 , restored under the Austrian dominion , and afterwards trans *
formed into a barrack fur troops . Apart of this edifice has since been placed at the disposition of a benevolent society , and thus the ancient residence of kings has become an asylum for suffering humanity . Undsr the vaults of this palace the treasure of jewels of tUe crown of ancient Poland were preserved . The tomb of Krakus is on a small rising ground called Mogila Krakussa . near the dry . And not far from thence , Polish patriotism has erected , on the mountain of Bronsalawa , a monument to the memory of the immortal Kosciusko . Near this royal castle the finest cathedral in all Poland has been erected . It has been burnt down and re-built several times . Within its walls the kings of Poland were crowned , and their mortal remains repose . ThefuneralinonumentsotPolish princes and great men ornament sixteen of the lateral chapels ; and , indeed , by passing through these chapels a
person may read almost the whole history of Poland , from the time of Boleslasle Fruseto that of Kosciusko and Ponistowiki . The tombs of these two celebrated men are in a vault at the entrance of the chapel , where Vladislas Jagellon was interred . National enthusiasm , also , demanded that the ashes of Dombrowski should repose in the same place , but the powers of the day refused . The churches of Cracow are of that noble and splendid description , that places that city as one of the finest in the North of Europe . The University of Cracow formerly sent forth some of the greatest names of Poland ; but since the country has lost its nationality and the republic is concentrated within narrow limits , she has done little for mankind . The last census that was taken in Cracow showed its inhabitants to amount ( in 1839 ) to 25 , 000 inhabitants in round numbers , 5 , 000 of whom were Jews , while in 1787 the population was 80 , 000 . venn , nuucuiiiDl we ( lupuiailUll waSoU tUUv .
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MELANCHOLY LOSS OF TWO VESSELS . — EIGHTY LIVES LOST . Two wrecks , accompanied by a mournful loss of human life , upwards of eighty persons having perished , were on Monday reported at Lloyd ' snamely , that of the British barque Ida , 550 tons but then , belonging to the pert of London , and the John Minturu , an American built ship of near the same tonnage—both lost while on outward bound voyages froia their respective ports . The particulars relating to that of the Ida , as received , are exceedingly brief . She was commissioned hy government for the conveyance of government stores for Canada , and sailed for St . John ' s , New Brunswick , on the 4 th of January . There were on board , besides the crew , eighteen in number , including the master , Captain
tt llliam Chamber , thirty-eight passengers . A letter , stated to be written by Mr . Sherwood , tfce British consul at Portland , thus describes her loss : "On the 26 th of January , being in latitude 41 X ., long . 52 30 W ., the barque broached to , while Bcuduing before a severe gale from S . S . E ., and was thrown on her beam ends . The passengers and crew immediately rushed into the long-boat , to the number ef forty-five . The land bore N . N . E ., distant about thirty leagues . The boat got about two cables-length from " the vessel when she shipped asea , filled , and all in her perished . The mate , nine men , and one young woman remained on the wreck , in the tops , from Monday morning until Friday morning , when they were taken off by the schooner Three Sisters , of Eden , where they were landed much frozen , the mate being the only one able to travel . "
The fate of the John Minturu , and her crew and passengers , amounting to fiftv in number , was of a heart-rending character . The ill-fated veBsel was 500 tons burthen , and bound to New York , having , besides a number of cabin and steerage passengers , several shipwrecked seamen , who had been picked up on the voyage . They were within three days' sail of her destination . At half-past nine o ' clock on the 14 th of February she struck with tremendous force , when she broke bu ^ did not separate . Every effort , says one of the survivors , a seaman , named King , was made to preserve the lives of those on board , numbering fifty-one . The captain , with his wile , son , daughter , servant , and cabin passengers , took refuge in the poop cabin . The long-boat was cast adrift and launched over the bows ; five of the crew and the steerage passengers , a Portuguese , jumped
into her . It is supposed that the captain , his mute , and the pilot remained in the poop , for they were not seen afterwards , and in the course of an hour the ship parted amidships , and the after part drifted away into the sea . The remaining portion of the wreck then floated considerably in shore . Those who were lashed to the forecastle instantly perished . Between eleven and twelve o ' clock at night a boat was put off to rescue those who were dinging to pieces of the wreck , consisting of two under mates , two of the crew and four of the steerage passengers , and after almost insurmountable difficulties , they were preserved . In the remains of the forecastle sixteen bodies were found ; they laid in a cluster round the stump of the foremast . Among them could be recognized the captain ' s wife and his children . The following morning at daybreak the bodies were brought ashore .
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Isdecest Assault . —At a special sessions , held on Monday , at Stratford , ilenry Isaacs , a youth of about sixteen , was charged with having Tossly and indelicately assaulted Mrs . P . elley , the wife of Captain MIcy , and a daughter-in-law of Sir John Henry Pelley . The assault took place in the forenoon , in some fields , called Dog ' s Fields , which Mrs . Pelley and her sister were crossing in their way to the residence ot Lady Ram . Miss Fry , the sister of complainant ( aud a daughter of the late benevolent Mrs . Fry ) , spoke positively to the person of the accused , and other witnesses described the assault , but could not distinctly swear that the accused was the party . — The magistrates , as there was a doubt , decided on sending the case to the sessions ; Mr . Charuoek , on beLalf of the accused , stating that he should be distinctly able t » prove an alibi . Bail was then tendered , and accepted .
Fire is Gracechurch-street . —Suspected Robbery and Incendiarism . —On Sunday morning , between four and five o ' clock , the premises ot Mr . R . Plant , a hosier and outfitter , were discovered to be on fire . The brigade eugiaes from Jeffrey-square aud Watling-street stations were quickly on the spot . The flames were subdued . The damage done , however , is very considerable ; the principal portion of the stock being very seriously burned , as well as the shop itself . Upon Mr . Braidwooil making an examination of the premises , he found that the flames had
commenced in five or six portiuns ot the shop , and that there had apparently been sonic tar placed on the wall to make the flames travel faster . Mr . Plant , upon searching the cash-box , discovered that a £ 10 note had been abstracted , as well as some gold . This circumstance , added to others which have since transpired , leave little or no doubt that the premises had first been robbed and afterwards Bet fire to , but who the party was remains at the present a mystery . Mr . Plant was insured iu the Sun and Globe Fireoffiecs .
Ckemokne Gardens , CnEisKA . —Tkejusticesofthe Kensington division of the county of Middlesex have refused to renew the Ik-cnse fcr ' Cremorae Gardens , ihe matter will be taken by appeal to the ( Juarter Sessions . A Poor Max ' s Life saved by IIoiaowat ' s Pills . -Jeremiah Laugl . h . i , a porter ab « ut the quays of Dublin , was affixed for years with shortness of breath spitting ot phlegm , night perspirations , and genera weakness of body , a waai \ i' L , ipetite , « ck headache , besides , suffering much from the liver . 1 hisnun was , thesecond stage of consumption , and ^ - " JB ^ iSM&SS JfeSSfiSAW * " ^ --
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CORDWALNERS' GENERAL MUTUAL ASSIST \ NCE ASSOCIATION Associated Shofmates , —As w « are now nearly on the eve of Coufcreuce , aud as that Conference win be llic most important to our trade that ever was held lutliu country—because , while the oligarchical and commercial classes are quarrelling among themselves , as to which shall wring the largest amount of spoil from the industry of the working-man , and while the intermediate or employing class , atleast of our trade , are wat ching narrowly , notouly the moves « f the goveruiug classes , but making inroad after inroad silently and steadil y , till our association is involved from its centre to its circumference by a desire among our masters to take advantage of the commercial chan > es that are about to take place in this country , and thereby reduce our wages to the altered cireumstancei which class legislation and privileged idleness deem proper to inflict on society at large .
We say it will bs important , for , in jud ging of the amount of good our union has alread y effected with its neceiiarily imperfect ' machinery ; imperfect , because of the amount of difficulties it had and still has to contend with , inasmuch as it is now resisting acts of the foulest and grossest despotism , not only of those who live on the profits of labour , but by men of our order— noiking-men , a * the sequel will show , but it is still wading through all those apparently insurmountable obstacles , aud will tre long break down every barritr which may come in its way , but it will be for the Conference to meet and knock all those obstacles on the head , and , with a view to assist in thegoodwork , we will ofter a few suggestions ; but before entering upon that part of the subject , it is our duty to state , that , as the Belfast strike still continues with
unabated vigour , the levy must remain on eight weeks Instead of lour . At the . comintnceinent of that strike wo were given to understand that about four weeks would terminate the contest , but such is not the case . There are & number of district officers who wish to know how the strike is going ou , aud a number who want tokuow whether there is any chance of victory an the side of the men , aud not a few who say that Belfast will bit the making or breaking of the association . Between all these opinions , oae thing is certain—namely , that there is not even a shadow of chance of success on the side of the employers , if these men can only be supported a short while longer ; that the association will support them , we have not the least doubt , judging from the feeling manifested within these last few days : for . be it remembered
that there area number of towns in England which bad become lukewarm to the association , but who rallied when the position of Belfast was madeknonn . Itistrue that the levies have come in Dutslonly of late , but it is also true that the commercial changes which are about to take place in this country have paralysed our trade ie * uch an extent as to put it totally out of the power of our members to pay as [ they would wisl : «—but better times are close at hand , the spring of the year is dawning upon us ; it is true , too , that our matters have taken advantage of this anticipated change by causing strikes in a great many of our districts , and thereby adding , in a very high degree , to our already embarrassed circumstances ; for instance , London , Leeds , Waterford , Northampton , Cambridge , Oxford , Leicester , Birmingham , Manchester , Nottingham , andKewry—all those places are either more or led on strike , and all those placas have to suppport their own as well as that of Belfast , which , when ctupled with the scarcity of employment caused by the changes above
alluded to , will , in some measure , account for the position in which the boot and shoe-makers of the L ' nittd Kingdom are placed at the present time . But the time is fast approaching when these difficulties will vanish , aud when we will prove to those masters who now seek to degrade and oppress us , that we will not only establith our right to a fair participation in the fruits of our own industry , but that we will try au experiment which may prove detrimental to their class as masters ; but which experiment we will not try if they ( the masters ) will be satisfied to give us a fan-, honourable , and independent living out of the wealth which we ourselves create , and such living we must and shall have . We seek not the property of others by either word or deed , we only want a fair portion of our own ; and we would warn the masters not to make any wanton or gross inroads upon our wages , or else we may be tempted to tak * the advice of the greatest statesman of the age , namely , Sir Robert Feel , who says " the working classes must take their own affairs into their own handi . "
It is monstrous to see that everything invented by the scientific , thephilanthropic , and the exalted of our species is immediately brought to bear against the interests of the working-classec—every new invention of science er mechanics is a fresh signal for then ? degradation . If an income-tax be levied to carry on the business of the country , forthwith it is taken from the labour of the workingclasses ; if corrupt and ignorant statesmen , by their mal-practices , destroy the trade of the country , forthwith the masters make up the loss fcy taking it from their men . If a famine threatens to spread its ravages all over the
empire , the way in which the masters try to alleviate it is , by immediataly reducing the wages oi ihrir workmen — " an admirable way , truly . " If the men of Belfast try to eke out an existence in the land of their birth , their masters at once unite , turn round on . their men , and indict them for doing the same , and if one jury do not make them guihy , they can be discharged and another impannelled or selected that will do the job . But we are much mistaken in the boot and shoe-mukers of Ihe United Kingdom if they do uot get j ustice done to tht Belfast men .
Our object in glancing at these thiugs is to Bhow the association and the public at large the difference between the motives of the master-class and those of the working , cliss ; inthe former we see everything that is immoral , tyrannical , and despotic—in the other we | 6 ee nothing but what is independent , moral , and just . The workingclasses want nothing hut their own : the nv . ister class want to aggrandise themselves at the expense of others , and wallow in all the luxuries of life , while the workers are compelled to live and bring up large families , of both sexes , from youth to maturity , huddled together in one room , to the utter destruction of their mental and moral faculties ; and , finally , to the injury of society atlarge . These remarks apply only to those masters who array themselves against thuir workmen .
It will be borne in mind , that in the foregoing remarte relative to the difficulties of the association , we hinted that some of our own order were working against us—the short facts of the case are these : some short time since , a portion of the trade of Glasgow thought proper to join our association—this portion had from Lundon cards and general laws , and the secretary attempted to put ou a levy on these who joined to support the men of Belfast , hut no sooner did the old body , as they are called , see this step taken than they went tu the masters and solicited them to " aid and assist them ( th 6 old body ) in putting the unionists down , " for , said they to the masters , " if you do not help us to destroy the unionists they will toon destroy you , as well as they are seeking to destroy the masters ot Belfast . " The masters of Glasgow of course ,
true tu their own interests , united at once with the old body , and they both conjointly struck off every man that belonged to our association , and sent to Edinburgh for men to fill up their places , —Edinburgh being oa strike at the time . Is there not something anomolous iu striking off flints and sending for flints to take their seats of work ! But , 6 ay the mtn of Glasgow to the masters" If you do not help us to beat down the union the union will destroy you . " " To beat them down is the very thing that we want , " say the masters . What a victory 1 And what is it for ? Did the ' uninnists attempt to reduce wages ? No ! But the oln body said , in substance , they would raise it , and so they told the masters , and the masters , ofcour . se , put down theparty which they thought would in time be the most powerful to contend with . Thus it will be seen , that while the masters ot Belfast are
persecuting and prosecuting the unionists for attempting to unite at all , the operatives of Glasgow are knoekiug it on the head altogether . Verily , you Glasgow luroes , you have done a noble deed!—a deed which will shed lustre on the trade of Glasgow . W ' j at will the association do after this ? Will \ hey still Tdievc cards from thu old bodies 1 We shall see . For our own part , we believe there ought not to be one enrd relieved in future , except our own . Seeing the brutal manmr in whivhouropponents are acting towards us , could i t ever be imagined that any body of men could be found in our trade to aet iu so foolish , weak , and base a manner as to deprive a number of men of employ merit for merely believing that a general union ie better than a local one ? However , it is now iu the hands of the association , and they may deal with the act of the men of Glasgow as they think proper .
But to return to the Conference ; it might be as well to inform the cuuntry that there are a nuinW of changes in , aud amendments to , our general laws contemplated by the men of London , and perhaps the same feelings pervade the men of the country ; if go , the best aud t ' aiiest way to act would be for any district in London or the country to reduce all their amendments to writing , and send them in a letter to us , in orucr that they may be printed and transmitted to the country in time for the annual district meetings , so that the whole of the amendments might
be seen at one glance , and their bearing upon each other clearly ascertained . The constituency might instruct thendelegates as to thej manner in which they shouli ? vote , thereby ; facilitating the business of Conference , and giving the delegates proper time to consider well the propositions to be laid before them when they meet . It will therefore , wo think , be only fair that all parties should be made acquainted with the changes intended to be proposed , and it is with no other view but that of having those amendments printed and laid before the country that we have offered the suegestion .
There is another subject which the Conference must take into their serious consideration—namely , that of cards ; if the association nufttrs more from one thing than another , it is from the issuing of cards . For instance , when a t own is s uspended , that town still retaius its cards . Of course , the members of that town can tramp and receive relief from our funds the same as if no iusnen ^ ion had taken place . It is also a font , that towns write up to London for support in eases of strikes , well knowing that a refusal is certain . But what care they ? They have union cards to tramp with . In mle instance ' , a very important town wroteupforsupport , though that town has not paid a farthing since we have been in office . Another town in the s « utli of England broke up , and divided the cards , that regained among the members that st « od till the last . Now , our reason for mentioning these things here if , to point out to the country the manner in which this system affects our association , and to prepare the minds of the delegates , when Conference meets , to meet it in all its bearings . Let any man possessing an ordinary amount of com-
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. ^"' . "" """^ """ " ¦* «¦"""*« »'™ h StjSsVK ^^ s rS = ?^ - ttzttszzssszs zzz ^^^ d ^ hl good , inasmuch a . when the person relieved calls for his card , the ttverport h ., dy . give him one Of their own instead ; it will be observed that this places the person so relieved in a worse position than if he were not relieved
at all , for ltis selling his card for relief , a Liverpool curd being no manner of use ; this mode ol action on the part of Liverpool places Irishmen who belong to our union , and come over on strike , in a most awkward predicament , and we sincerely hope Liverpool will cease acting iuthis manner . Thus it will be seen our opponents do things under the guise ofliberality , which in reality are wantonly toperplex and embarrass . Let any candid and unbiassed man compare the actions of the old bodies of London , Liverpool , and Glasgow , and he must admit at onCe that their manner of acting is enurely wrong , for while the London body employ men to write letters ( at fid . eaeh ) to undenninf Jposition and > ilhfy our motives , the Liverpool body an mating our cards ,. n order to to gust our munbers , Intending , of course , to prove the futility of our association , while Glasgow wantonl y and basel y unites with the common
enemy for the purpose of depriving our members of their employment . Let any honest and fair man compare all thete things together , and he must come to the conclusion that nothing could engender such feelings aud actions , but a brutal and sordid determination to break us up at all hazards ; and for what ! Hiiveweever been the cause of reducing wngei ? Have we been the cause of worsting the position of the boot and shoemakers of Great Britain and Ireland ! No ; on the contrary , our members have made personal aud aggregate sacrifices for the purpose of carry ing out a great principle j and believing , as we do , that that great priuciple is necessary to secure our independence as a trade , we are willi ng to pay for the carrying out of « o resplendent an experiment ; we therefore think our own shopinates at least ou ^ htto give us a fair chance to work out a system which has already done so much good , aud will do more , if it get anything like fair play from our own order .
It should be borne iu mind , that we are the first trade who solved the problem of whether the working-elusses ( of different countries ) could be united fora common object , though differing widely in other respects . We have solved that problem , and , perhaps , in after times , itniuy redound to the everlasting fame of our calling , that we were the first who achieved so desirable and moral au object ; for remember , the only hope the privileged idlers of the earth have of living and revelling on the wrongs of man is , that the working-classes of all countries are destitute of the elements necessary to form a union strong enough to secure their own interests ; remember , too , that those privileged orders use tvery artifice which wealth cau command and scientific imaginations can
suggest , to keep the working-claKes divided , in order that , by their divisions ( they , the privileged orders ) , may the more easily keep up their nefarious practieus ; remember , then , that the boot aud shoemakers were the fim working-men in these realms that solved the problem alluded to above , aud that they not only formed a general union , but muted men , who , a few years since , were- deadly enemies to each other . If the other trades ot Britain could unite to the extent that we have—if they could unite men of their trades in the different commie ' s as we have done practically ( despite the machinations ol ourenemies ) , those trades unitedly mightfoim a mighty phalanx , before which the leagued despotisms of tht world ( whether oligarchical , commercial , or political ) would quail .
Shame ! O , shame , on you ! old bodies of London , Liverpool , and Glasgow , that do not use your wealth and talent for higher and nobler purposes thiin trying to destroy au organisation whose aim and olgeets are similar to jour own , though seeking the end in a different way . I t may be as well here to state that , from the manner in which the levies came in , until lately , I wai k almost fearful iu calling for another , lest it might crush the association ; for , taking into account the unparalleled depression of trade , aud the numerous strikes we had , and util !
have to contend with , I was really tearful that the association might fall under increasing expenses ; bnt , from Uie feeling that is plainl y manifesting itself within the last few days , it is clear that things will be all rijjht now ; you are , therefore , herewith calkd upon to forward , lev the use of the association , 3 d . per member per week , for four weeks . Taking your numbers according to the last returns at , your share will be , which you will please to forward every week to Mr . Thomas Tolman , King and Queen , Folcy-street , Marylebone . * The levy to go on from Feb . 2 nd . ( Signed ) Wm . Clark . General Secretary .
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Tailoks . —At a Conference ( if delegates representing the tailoring trade , recently held at Leeds , the following statements were made by the delegates : ~ Mr . Hustli / r . of Bradford , described his section as doing tolerably well , but another portion ( the No . ! i aection ) was in a deplorable state . Connteted with the latter portion were a number of superannuated men . The No . 1 section found no fault with their present bill of prises , but members of the No , 1 section had been most unfairly treated by some of the masters . He mentioned these facts , in order to stimulate the Conference to tome laudable effort on behalf of section No . 2 .
Mr . Worsey , one of the Manchester delegates , said—For the last sixteen or seventeen years I hare been connected with the respectable portion of the trade . When I first pointed out the ruin that waB about to overtake us , I was told that I was a marked man ; this I have been , aud have suffered accordingly . Prior to last August I was paid at the rate of 27 s . per week for thirteen hours' labour daily , including dinner hour ; now , however , owing to the spirit of unjust competition , and the blight which the system of " sweating" has thrown over the trade , I can only earn lit . 6 d . a week , never working less than fifteen hours per day for that miserable pittance I have visited a man in our trade of the name of Charles Hall , whose average earnings , afterslaving six days in the week , only amounted to 8 s . Cil . Another of the name of John Bently , was em . ployed on work , and his average earnings , supposing him to be constantly employed , only amounted to Gs . per week . A third man , of the name of George WildgooEe , living in
Springfield-lano , Salford , I found making gentlemen ' s dress coats for 4 s . Cd ., and the trade prico averugts for tho same work 10 s . 7 ^ d . An other person visited by me had a wife and seven children . Their comlition was pitiable ; they were livine in a cellar , aud the husband and wife conjointly could only earn 10 s . per week . William Harrison , living in Garden-street , Hulme , miserably wretched ; war making tunic suits for 5 s ., the trade price being about 9 s . fid . This « iau was working for Ilyam , nnd as he had to find his own sewings , he wai receiving only half his legitimate wages . William Hughes works for Mr Jones , in Deansgats , has a wife and one child . This family make up all sorts of garuienU , and the hut . band , wife , and daughter labouring conjointly can only earn 10 s . per week . William Worrell works for George Webster ! was malting cloth trousers for Ss . a pulr , the ordinary price being 3 s . 9 d . Persons working for that establishment must cut their own garments before they can be employed . These are not extreme cases .
Mr . Glass , of Manchester , said—Gentlemen , you are all aware that Manchester is on strike , and must have fallen had not the Protection Society rushed into the rescue . The men of Manchester owe to that society their lasting gratitude , which is also due to Mr . Parker , whom prudent advice , friendly counsel , and ardent zeal deserve every commendation that we can give him . Mr . Alexander Allan , of Allon and Stirling , Scotland , said—I bi'g to inform the delegates of the circumstances which gave birth to our section . When first we heard of tht ! Protection Society , a person of the name of John Gibson ( who wrought in a slop-shop ) called a meeting and formed a committee . We then sent to London for rules , and in the next place addressed the masters with a memorial , for we were anxious to meet them in a frienuly spirit . Most of the musters were with us , save one who
met us by making out a list of wages 13 per cent , lower than it should have been . We called a meeting of arbitration , when our opponent promised lie would never invade our rights again . Yet this samo man called a meeting of the masters , wishing them to reduce wages again . I waited upon him in order to remind him of his former promise , when he treated me most uncivilly , and told me to go about my business . He next proposed to starve his men for a month in » rder to bring them to compliance , nnd had it not been for the honourable conduct of another employer , Mr . Dawson , he would , no doubt , have tried the experiment . On my return we shall commence at once abriHk agitation , and by that means build up a powerful public opinion ; and , supported as we are bj thf . Protective Society , we shall soun be enabled to drive oppression out of the field .
Mr . J . W . Parker beRRcd to inform the Conference of a circumstance which redounded to tho honour of their ; Scottish brethren . "When the Stirling Btrikc had reduced their funds and left them all but helpless , he ( Mr . Parker ) remitted them a five- ] iound note , promising the single men 7 s . and the married 9 s . so long as the strike continued , but their reply was " Wo will only accept 5 a . 6 d . for single men and 7 s . for married , and with that , if needful , would stand out for ever . Mr . Gidreou Box , of Maidstone , said — Maidstone , although a smnll town , is nevertheless an important sna . We have always maintained good credit , and supported every institution . Wo have no "No . 2 section—all who work in sliopB are paid the same rale of wages . Tho tailors of Maidstoue arc thoroughly democratic . We are not depressed by the sweuting system , and eur cause gains strength every day . We arc determined to agitate and bring in the country , though we pay for it out of our own pockets .
Mr . Parker said , on bclialf of Stafford , that he was specially charged by them to thank the trade for the support rendered them in their late strike . Mr . John Leech , of Hyde , drew a fearful picture oi
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* Shopmates should nevur maV . c money orders payable anj where but to Tottcnhum-court-rond Post-uflice ; for by making them payable to London , our treasurer will have to go two miles to cash money ; and when it is taken into account that he gets nothing for his services , it is rather hard to be put to such trouble , which trouble may be obviated by milking the orders payable in every case at Tottenham-eourt-road .
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: miseries attendant on the " sweating system . " Iu Staleybridgu slop-work is paid 40 per cent , less than in Ashton . Ghcudle swingers are made there for 3 s . Od ., and fu > tiaii trousers for Is . In the town of Hj de the trade is cru-hml by Ih : im , iUid mtn of hi « Wass . His puff-bills are to be been ou evw , r i-ni'iivr , iind no little master can compete with him . lu asIiiou men und musters were on the best of terms , Mr . Russell , of Birmingham , said , he had lived three yearB in Birmingham , where scenes of wretchedness met the eye on every hand . One such casehe would mention . A person , of . the name of William Hill , lived in Little Hill-Btreet , Briitol-road ; he hud a wife and two daughters living iu a wretched abode ; they had no furniture , no cooking uieiuUi woithy of the n « me , und were all but Haked ; for tho husband hud not a coat , having to borrow from neihbour
one a g when he weiit to Hie shop . Think . Ot tlllS-a man who , for the best part crfhi . life , had been engaged in making coats , and could not by his labour ob . tain one for himself ! His wile had not a gown ; she had ' only an old filthy petticoat , and a dirty rug wherewith to cover her naked shoulders . The children were much hi the same condition . The whole of this family were at work upon a coat—husband , wife , and children . Bed they had none , but slept ou the floor in a closet , on the parings which came off the cloth , covering themselves with the very garments which , in a few hours , might be conveyed to the shoulders of some pride-punipcred gentle man ! The poor mother died—her liusbttHd grew desperate ; he conveyed his children to the workhouse , and has not since been heard of . In his opinion the cooperative plan , if carried out , would rescue the trade fiom the thraldom under which it laboured .
Mr . Cowley , of Leeds , gave in a report of the state of his district . Ho afterwards reada lengthy report ( which he had prepared from actual inspection ) of the sanatory condition of that portion of the trad « . called " sweaters " An aged person , an Irishman , living in Kirkgate , who worked for Hyani , had liin wife confined in childbed , and in the lame apartment therawas a rag and buneahop . the wife is since dead , and no wonder . The only marvel would be how any being could ever have existed in such a place . The poor tuilor works fifteen hours a day , yet can scarce earn as much as will keep body and soul to . yether . And this worse than Egyptian slavery is endured
in order to swell the pride and increase the dignity of men like Hyam , who would cover the land with poverty in order to enrich himself . Let me tell you of another ' improvement" ( falsely so termed ) just being iutroduced into the trade . A Frenchman hat recently introduced coats that are to be pasted together . This very week a quantity of those avticles have arrived in Le-ds . The coats are made by •' sweatees" in London ., If the mas . ter » refuse to aid us , if they will toleraf .- a system that makes Hyam and Moaeo the arbiters of our trade—if they can see the ruin , and will notavertjit—why , then , we niUBt by co-operation do the work for ourselves .
Mr . Burling , of Jersey , reported his section as being in a healthy state . « A number of other delegates gave in similar statements . In order to destroy the influence of Jow monopolist ! , it was proposed to raise a co operative fund , to be applied to the purpose of opening depots or factories , in which to employ tho surplus lun * is how in , the labour market—thus restricting the power of unprincipled capitalists on tho one hand , and uffording a refuge for the most depressed portion of the trade on the other . Tho first establishment to be opened in Manchester . The above proposition vas transferred to a committee for further consideration .
General Intelligence*
General Intelligence *
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Christian Oiiamtv .- A few Hays ago , the Rev . T . S . Guyer , dissenting minister of Kyde , iianipshire , died , and was to have been buried at Binstead , in the same county , where two of his children are Ijuriod . On application being made to the rector , Mr . Hewitt , that worthy refused to . permit the burial of the body of the deceased , assigning as the reason that the late Mr . Guyer was a dissenting minister , and that he had preached against tha Church of England . The deceased was subsequently buried in a vault prepared in the chapel where he had so long laboured .
_ Mkhemei All—It appears that the Pacha has decided on coming to Europe in the summer , after the return of his son , Ibrahim Pacha . Singular Circumstance . —As a servant of Mr . J . Hamley was driving hit master ' s cows through Bodntin-street , one of them dropped down and died instantly . In order to discover the cause of death the cow was examined by Mr . John Mudgo , veterinary surgeon , when , on opening the pericardium , or heartbag , a brass pin , one inch and a half in length , was seen penetrating the fleshy substance of the heart , midway between the two ventricles , causing ulceration of the coats of the coronary vein , and giving rise to an effusion of blood , which coagulated around * the heart , thereby forming a mechanical impediment to its action .
inn Knights op St . John . —The CourtierFraneaii announces that the principal members of the order of St . John of Jerusalem have been summoned to meet at Vienna on the 20 th of April next . It is said that the object of the contemplated meeting is to examine a plan proposed for establishing the chief scat of the order in Algeria . If ihis plan be adopted a demand will be made on the French Government to grant a tract of land in Algeria for an agricultural , religious , and military establishment , on a basis which will permit the members of the order to obey the French laws whilst they preserve the principle of independence belonging to the order .
Protection to Nightingales . —A curious order oi the police was issued at Berlin on the 2 nd instant . With a view of preventing the diminution of nightingales in their natural state of liberty , it is decreed that every person in Prussia who keeps a nightingale in a cage shall pay an annual tax of ten thalers ( forty francs ) , and that any person putting a nightingale in future into a cage , without giving information to the police , shall be lined thirty thalers . A Whale in Livekpool , — The Welsh steamer Cambria arrived in Liverpool on Friday morning , having a huge Greenland wbale in tow . The monster ia i ' oi'ty-onc feet in length , nnd waa towed by the Cambria from Carnarvon-bay , where it was taken , having got entangled with the rocks , It will prove a rich prize .
Illness op Mr , Gregory . —We regret to announce that Mr . Gregory , M . P . for Dublin , has been , since Tuesday week , labouring under a dangerous attack of fever . Preparations for War . —In order to expedite the orders at present in hand for the coast defences and the armament intended for the Lakes on the American frontier in Canada , thirty boys were entered and set to work on Saturday , in the Royal Laboratory Department , Woolwich ; and on Monday thirty men were entered for the same department . " Forty extra
mechanics , consisting ot blacksmiths mid wheelwrights , and ten labourers , were also entered on Tuesday in the Royal Carriage Department , where many of the men are now working over-time . Recruiting . —A Fool . —Recruiting for the army is carried on with great spirit in Leeds arid the surrounding localities . On some days not less than six or eight young men are sworn in before the borough magistrates . Smart is also paid b y many of the recruits . One of these raw novices paid smart on Monday : in the evening he regretted , and again enlisted ; and on Tuesday re-regretting , he again paid
smart . Tejl Trade , Maucii 10 . —The deliveries of tea last week were not more than 479 , GS 7 lb ., and the market for some time past bus been in a very dull state . Tomorrow there will be a small public sale , and it is considered by many that the offering of moderate parcels , and frequently , will be much more likely to ensure a good result . Parsky ' s Compressed Air-Enoine . —The motive power by which this cnginu is worked is compressed or condensed nit . It is retained in receivers , mid operates upon the machinery in the fame way as steam . The inventor undertak es to compress a sufficient quantity of air in a magazine or case to carry or draw for thirty miles , on any railroad , a train as heavy as any that is drawn by any steam locomotive engine now in use .
Moke rKEi'AiiATiossFOR War . —Govcrnmcntorders for munitions of war have been received both by the Bowling and Low Moor Companies ( Yorksh ' ire ) . The Bowling Company have received an order for several castings for war-steamers , and the Low Moor Company for several cannon of large calibre . The _ Emperor op China has issued a proclamation remitting all arrears of taxes up to the present year , amounting , it is said , to upwards ot 38 , 000 , 000 talcs . This act of grace is done principally iu honour of his mother ' s seventieth birth-day . The Dukk dk Boudkaux left Venico on the 29 th ult . for Fronsdorf , but is expected to return in July for sea-bathing .
Ihe Ministerial Measure is the Lords . —The general belief in the political clubs is , that , the rucasures efthe government , for the immediate reduction and eventual abolition of the duty on foreign corn , will be carried in tho House of Lords by a majority of from twenty-live to thirty . — Observer of Saturday . Stafford Election . —Lawrence Heywortb ., Esq ., was brought forward to contest this election with Captain Carnegie ( recently appointed a Lord of the Treasury ) , but being convinced , from what he observed , that his election could not be carried without
a distribution of spirits , ale , < kc , ho intimated to his committee on Wednesday that he retired from the contest . A Dr . Sleigh was then put forward by the Protectionist pirty , and the polling commenced on Friday . At the close , tie numbers were—Carnegie , 732 ; Sloigh , 25 ! "None uut Protkstants need Api-ly . "—The Cork Examiner states that Majur Hastings Doyle had refused five recruits , brought in by the recruiting party of the 24 th foot , because they were Roman Catholics ; and that Ihe Major , though anxious to get Irish recruits , only wants Protestants .
Arrival of Food from America . —A large American bark , thirtj-uine days from A ' evr Orleans , has arrived at Limnool . The cargo consists of 3 , 250 barrals of flour , ( 500 sacks of maize , and u quantity ot salt beef and pork . More Murders in Tipperauy . —We have to record two more murders in the county of Tippernrv . The first that oi ' an industrious man , named James Kcani ' , who as he wan proceeding in the direction of his home ou the night of tho 5 th inst . was attacked by throe
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rumans , who felled him to tin ground , lnllicuug a fatal wound on the left side of the head . No < " \ nso hasbeen assigned for the perpet ration of tiro oulUfje . —The other murder was conmuUtdon tiie niijiii of Sunday last , by a party of six men , wlio etikvr . i ihfl house ot a inau named Meara , and after first kilocking him down with a stone , inflicting a dcatllj wound , beat him on the head till his bruins wore dashed out . The Balmc-A ] etter > ^^ Feb > ^ ^ ^ received Irom . blsinure , by a gentleman of Dm-dee , stating that the weather in the Baltic was quite like spring , and tuat there was not a vestige ot ' ico or saow . The downward bound shipslintl ail sailed .
The Vintage in PoRTUOAL .--OwinK to the entire failure of the Bouro rintage this year , there Lave been littlo more than 5 , 000 pipes marked of the first quality—an occurrence unprecedented fur & century . The average exportation vo England ( 21 , 000 pipes ) must bo made up from tho stock of former years . The RAYSiiARK .-On Sunday morning a very fane specimen of that exceedingly rare raoiibkr of the deep , called the ray shark , waB exhibited iH Preston . It was captured by a party of young men , between Glaeson and Sunderland , on Thursday , at the mouth , of the river Lune . Its length was five feet , and the wiuth of the ( . ape two feet , exhibiting a double row of true shark teeth . The owner was en route for Bolton and Manchester , expecting to diapnse of his prize to the Natural History Society at , the latter place . of
Spanish Potatoes . —A lar ^ e quantity potatoes are arriving iu Ireland from Spain . Seals . —An immense number of seals have lately been seen in Dornoch Firth . Printers . —Three members gf the U . S . Senate—Mcasrs . Cameron , Nilet , andWei > tcott—werejourney « men printers , Marcuiso and Charoino . —In marching soldier ? , take 75 steps , in quick marching 180 , and in chtii » ini £ 150 steps per minute . Thk Lanb of the Blest . —The township of
Tapton , near Cktsterfield , is at this time the most singularly circumstanced parish or township in the county , or perhaps in the kingdom . Thare is neither church , chapel , parson , lawyer , dcotor , public-house , or pauper , in the place . [ Nor editor , wo presume . Happy Land !] Education in North Wales . —We are informed by a correspondent that a game notice was Jatcly served , on one of his friends to which the names o : tw < nf . ysixsubtantial farmers in Denbi ghshire were appended , and that of the whole number only iourteeu were able to sign their names .
Ihe Navy . —The number of seamen required by tho navy estimates is 27 , 500 ; boys , 2 , 000 ; marines afloat , 5 , 500 ; ashoro , 5 , 000—total , 40 , 000 . t Fire at IIandswouth , near Birmingham . —On Saturday afternoon afire broke out in the rick-yard ofMr . Toye , farmer of Ilandsworth , and in avery short time two ricks , one of barley , the other of hay , were consumed . Tho prompt arrival of the engine * putastopto . the further progreis of tho tire . The general opinion is- , that it is the act of an incendiary : the damage is estimated at £ 100 , and we regrotto add that the owner is uninsured . A Perilous Nurskrt Gkoumd . —The children of the sloopingisle ol Itattray , when they first begin to toddle about , arc tethuredto a stake to prevent them from rolling off into the sea!— Wilton i Voyage round Scotland .
Lord Abhlkt . —At the commission of the Fre « Church of Scotland , on Thursday week , it wt » agreed ( on the motion nf Dr . Candlish ) to Bend an address to Lord Ashley , as a Christian pliilantlnojjlst , expressivo of their admiration of his treat services to the country . Salmoh . —The Duko of Richmond ' s Br . lmon on tho Speyare selling at the high price of 2 b . 6 d . to as . a pound in the ' neighbourhood of the fishing grounds . Sir Robert Peel ' s Jate tariff lias in no way diminished the value of this noble lish . —/ nuej-new Courier . Thb Dukk ik Dasoer . —On Tuesday night , we regret to loam , a spur was broken from " one of the has rclkft on the pedestal of the Wellington statue . This is the third or fourth case of mutilation which has occurred , and we are sure it would bo a real gratification to almost the whole community if the perpetrator or perpetrators could be discovered . — . Gla- ' gow Argui .
Modirn Tournaments . —The correspondent of the Athtnasum says that the tilting of Naples during the carnivul proved & sad Quixotic bHriesque , not one of the knights being unhoisud , since the lances were so arranged as to double up on meeting with the slightest opposition . Extermination « f Tenantry . —To add to the misery of the wretched peasantry of this unfortunate country , the landlords are ably contributing to th eir bitter draught . Day after day we hear of families , aye , hundreds uf vrrctcheu , turned to die in the ditche * by their heartless oppressors , the landlords of thk
country . Not later than yesterday , we « re told Mrs . Gerrard dispossessed not fewer than HI wretched beings—turning them upon the world , and rasing their huts to the earth . A poor man , whose family was lying in fever , implored to have the walls of his cabin lett up in order to shelter them ; but to no purpose . A poor woman with , her child at her breast , was not even allowed time to quit her domicile , and in the act of running out a beam fell , and , ire are told , killed tho infant in her arms . If we arc correctly informed , Mr . and Mrs . Gerrard Lave dispossessed upwards of 2 , 000 human beings within the last few years . —Roscommon Journal .
The Columbia . — The total distance from New York to the Mouth of the Columbia river , across the continent of North America , is 3440 miles ; to travel which at the present time , would occupy about five months . The voyage by sea , from the . same port , round Cape Horn , to the mouth of the Columbia river , occupies about eight months . Fatal Affray . —A few nights since a difference arose between two men , about a right of precedence to put corn on a kiln at the mili of Ganareen , near Glantaho ; blows ensued , nnd some wu ' . 'ial friends of the parties , who happened to be present , took part—it is much to be regretted not for the purposes of making peace . One of the men , named Manion , had his brains dashed out oa the spot ; and so severe were the wounds received by the otker uu , that he lias since expired . —Tuam Herald ,
^ Mayo Election . —The Homicide at V / estpoht . — The grand jury of the county of Mayo have ignored the bill against Mr . Fletcher , who had been committed on the coroner ' s warrant for having fired at und killed a woman » t We&tport during the excitument of tha Lite election . Mistaken Love and Suicide . —An investication , which lasted a considerable time , was gone into before Mr . Carter on Wednesday , at the Grove-house Tavern , Camberwell Grove , on the body of Emma Vokins , aged nineteen , who had committed suicide by hanging herself . Verdict— " Temporary insanity . " Tyi'uus Fever , which is very prevalent in Ireland at the present time , is also very prevalent and fatal on the continent , particularly Belgium , Iseghein , limclmunster . and Moulebulcu .
MoiHiits Amazons . —At the Geographical Society ' s meeting in London last week , a letter was read from Mr . Duncan , tfce African traveller , in which he states that the King of Ashantce entertained him with a review of 6 , 000 female troops , whose arms , accoutrements , and performances were truly astonishing . Clerical Wit . — " If we go to war father , " said a bright-eyed boy the other day to his clerical patent , "from what part of the bible shall you get . the text for a new sermon ? " The good minister being taken by surprise at the question , thought a moment , and then smoothing the locks of the child with a sort ef pt'ternal pride , answered that he belicvca it would be irom Lamentations . —American paper . The KiKUFisiiKn . —On Tuesday Mr . Langford . of Ncwiiigton , shot , one of those rare bird ; :, tho kingfisher , in Ikttersea marches . It is seldom these birds arc to be found so near the metropolis .
Thk Magistracy . —Mr . Cr . P . Elliott , of the Western Circuit , has been appointed to succeed Mr . Henry , at the Lambeth police court , on the promotion of the latter to Bow-street , vice Mr . Twyford , We understand that Mr . Grove , of the Greenwich , police court , has tendered his resignation . Skuvants' Iienkvolest Institution . —On Wednesday a public meeting was held in the Devon and Exeter coffee-house , Tottenham-court-road , to raise a fund towards the erection of forty alms-houses , and also a pension fund , for the reception and relief of aged servants of both sexes . From the report read and the speeches delivered , it appeared that the founders of the institution intend to raise by subscriptions amongst the 12 , 500 servants that are ia the vicinity of London , and also with the assistance of the nebility and gentry , the sum of 25 , 000 / . to > wards the above obiects .
Dkatii op a Lady of Fortune by Firk . — On Wednesday an inquest wns held at Tootinjr , on tho body of Miss Harriet Newton , aged 58 , a lady of independent fortune , who came by her death by burning . It appeared that the deceased lady was blowing the firs ; a epark is supposed to have ' fallen on her dress , for in a short time she was enveloped in a body of fire . She expired in about eight hours , from tho effect of tho injuries . Verdict— " Accidental death . " SuiClDB THUOUQII PtCUillARY DlFFICULTlliS . — On . Wednesday an inquest was held in Kent-street , Dnver-road , on the body of Mr . Benjamin Charles Minors , aged 35 years , lately residing » t No . 239 , Kent-street , who committed suicide by hanging himself . The deceased had been for some time past in a state of despondency , arising from his business haviug failed through another thop opening in the same street , which had taken away the chief portion of his trade . Verdict— " Temperarv Insanity . "
Skizure of Counterfi . it Coin in Biumixoiiam . — On Sunday last the police of Birmingham took posssssion ef a parcel containing a quantity of well executed counterfeit shillings and half-crowns , which had been manufactured in London , and transmitted t « Birmingham for circulation . Uecruits for thk Navy . —The walls of Lirerpool are covered with placards inviting seam en to enter the ships belonginc to the royal navy , which are now fitting out at tho different naval arsenals . Considerable numbers of men have entered , and hayc been despatched by railway to the ports where they ara wmueil .
Ftoetrp* Sdaatm.
ftoetrp * SDAAtM .
Poland.
POLAND .
Cra&Ea' Fftobtmemsl «R..^N.^.-» /V»^C
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Mabch 21 , 1846 . THE NORTHERN STAR , 3 *"""***^ —¦ — ' ¦ ¦ ¦ —i ¦¦¦¦¦ ¦ ¦«¦
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 21, 1846, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1359/page/3/
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