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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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iMEUiOAX WORKWO MEN'S MOVEMENT . 1 ! MASCU ' i . T 10 K OF 1 ABOUB , AND THE LAND "> ' * pBOGKESS . 4 ' [ From Yaaig Amenta ( New York ) of Feb . 21 . ] GraSusliv , but no longer slowly , is the free ' soil movement pn ^ ressiag . Never in one wetk have so nianj ftTon rsbk- accounts come to hand as the present . From Maine , Massachusetts , Pennsylvania , Ohio , Illinois , Virginia , Mississippi , and team various parts of this State , Lsve came tie joyful free soil echoes , through letters and papers many more than can be noticed this ireet . Several new movements have taken place , and feverr . 1 new papers have spoken out , more or less plain , against ike "Grab System" now in operation , and in favou r at securing the means of existence outside of the poor-lior . v . ' or the prison . Let us briefly enumerate a few of die glorious symptoms of the week . Away off in * - » ii ? T ,. .. iV WORKING MEN'S MOVEMENT .
Maine , vre iiad a gallant pioneer band of National Befonnets lasting a successful stand against the combined force * of tha two degenerate spoils-hunting parties . In Uassidrsststs , the light of National Beiorm is pointing out His irae path to conflicting hosts who have been tarncsuy seeking it : in the old " cradle" city a spark is kiBdl ? i- ~ "iroin Lowell bright lights are radiating in all direcs-. it . at Kandolp h the true standard is raised , and an old -. ¦ rtablishea paper is about to souad the jubilee trump ?! st another important point . In Pennsylvania tht true j-ctriae is fast spreading , and our sterling coadjutors at Pittsburgh , by their new publication , the Adrnxatt of Bnman Bights , have effectually roused the " spirit oi jiberty" in that quarter . In Illinois , the Sanfrh ! C-itudu Record contends ably for the Inalienable
honusttt ^ . But perhaps the most important symptom of all is d >? report of a select committee of the legislator of . Mississippi , to whom was referred the petition of sundry ciir ens uf Harrison county in that State , praying the r , i'ti ! : ii <;! i ef the Legal Credit System , submitting to the legislature a bill for the repeal of all the laws for the coliec ; : 9 ' i of dshts : an . admirable document , that -shall appear in next week ' s paper . In our owi State , to wMeh a'l evts will now be turned till after our State Comcuiij :., movements less radical , but yet far in advauce of tue eld party projects , have taken place : nt Owego , lioyi county , a meeting has been held iu favour of exespw . g 1000 dols . worth of real estate from debt ; the Guxge Gazette speaks highly of the proposition ; and the Bisdir . niton iris notices it favourably ; the Daily
Telegraph «> f this city recommends substantiall y the same thing ; tad tt'efstnn ^ Xo ^ ercopiitstherecouuncndadon . 'These *\ luptows are significant . They mean something . The ; jncsnj : liis , that the National Reform movement has watered s new hope in the mind of the oppressed , and has opened a new field for philanthropic cfi ' urt . Men are determining to be free—really fireo ; to have the means of existence tccure grorn the grasp of legalised avarice ; am ! patriots have resolred to accomplish this work . " We have been governed too much . " Our natural right to the toil has been usurped , instead of being protected , by legislation : and tha " strong arm of the law" has been extended in aid of all sorts of monopolies built upon the origui :. ' . usurpation . The day of deliverance draweth nigh .
It is sot merely to secure property to the few fortunate , but uoc always most worthy , possessors under die present system , tii . il the national reform movement is designed . To secure cS the rights of every human being is the tvork to be done . To secure , above all , the homestead , that absolute requisite io the existence of freemen , that most essential right of which the people of New York are now deprived , is especially the business of the coming Convention . Wouid it not bo the broadest farce and biggest folly of tbe age for the greatest State of this great
confederacy to assemble her wise men , seventy years after the declaration of independence , which allactnowladgi as authority , to form a government which should nor guarantee to the citizens the means of free labour for a subsistence I Out forefathers decreed that the eldest child of the family should not possesss the family estate to the exclusion of the rest . Surel y we have not lived to this day without learning that each child of the groat family of the State has the same right to a footheld upfen ihe earth as the children of the most fortunate familv !
To sicure the homestead , it is necessary to provide that so fcriher monopoly of the soil shall take place ; that a limitation to individual possession shall be agreed upon ; tuait ' ae land already monopolised shall be distritrated as the possessors decease , till it shall come down to the limit established ; and . that the homestead shall be inalienable , except at the will of the occupants . To accomplish iiis last-named purpose , the simplest way veuld b « io prohibit any legalised credit system , or laws for the ' collection of debts ; a measure which , of itself , voald effect more good than all the other measures { cxceptiug the land measure ) that have been talked of or thougik of with reference to the new constitution . Thes .- measures would affect a compromise with our present legalised wrongs , that would Eradually bring about the fall mussure of justice without injury to any human bong . Kotliing short of these would accomplish the object . To the measures , therefore , the land limitation and the inviolability of the hgmestead , all delegates of the Constitutional Convention should be pledged .
It is by no means certain that these measures cannot be carried . Greater revolutions have been effected in less time than is left us . At any rate , the work is to be done , either at this Convention or a future one ; and there is uo vuore effectual way of advancing it than to get it befcre the Convention ; have it discussed ; and have the discussions printed in the record of the proceedings for the benefit of the aext Convention . The people now are ready for the change , if the press will do its duty in the matter . Is it not time for the National Beform Association to be moving on this subject ! The adoption of the free soil principle bj the State of New York would be the teginniri ? of a national reform , the greatest in the modern history c-f the world .
The vote for the State Convention will be tbe most important , perhaps , that the present generation -will have the opportunity to cast . It wiil be fer or against a landed aristocracy ; for or against a landed democracy j f § r or against an inalienable homestead for our children and our children ' s children , one and all , and for ever !
THE 0 REG 0 X . [ The f o llo w in g article we e xtract fr o m an American Working Men ' s paper entitled , the Voice of luduslty . It will be seen that the principles and Yiews recently expressed by the Fraternal Democrats , in th e i r address io the people of Great Britain and the United States , have someardent supporters ( and will yet hare more ) on the other side of the Atlantic , } By reference to the Congressional proceedings , it will be seen that" Oregon" still continues to be the all-absorbing theme among our political loafers . We are glad , however , to see among the froth and foam about « American rights , " " our gallant navy , " and " our right to Oregon , some manifestations of rationality on the par t of some members , whose candour and sense of justice fit them for bttter company than a gang of political Tampires , who are using the people ' s rights as a capital to gamble upon .
We declare again , that the soil of Oregon belongs to those who will settle and cultivate it . Great Britain or the United States have no valid claims Hpon it—it belongs to the jK 0 ]> te . Government has no right to traffic iu the elements of life , to build ships of war to rot in our docks , and support a prodigal dynasty of republican rioters , who , un : ! er pretence of gaining the people some apparent superficial good , create a dozea evils to feed upon their their rights . Once practically establish the principle ( as established it surely trill be ) , that as much of the soil belongs to every nan as he can cultivate , without paying a tax to government , and directly tax property to support all necessary legislation , and the American people would not suffer under the grievous burden of paying 40 , 000 , 000 dollars annually for annexing territory which has ever belonged to them . It is a shame and a disgrace that our people should suffer a clan of reckless office holders to put into their crib 1 . 25 dollars for every acre of land that God gave as a free heritage to aK .
From the latest information , we learn that Congress has refused to accede to any proposition from the British Parliament , voting in favour of the "Notice ; " thereby virtually declaring that God in his wisdom decreed that a tax of 1 . 35 dollars on every acre of saleable land in Oregon shall be paid into the treasury of the United States , to build ships of war , support armies and navies , and pay men from eight to one hundred dollars per day for serving the devil—travelling fees not considered .
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Ds&th op Ma . Lisiok , the Comedian . —Mr . Liston , who has long been in a declining state of health , expired on Sunday morning , at haif-past ten o'clock , at bis residence at Hyde Park-corner . Daring the whole of the last week his meuic . il men had given up the case as hopeless , and for some months he had been gradually sinking . It is now nearly forty-one years since he made his first appearance iu London , in the character of Jacob Gawkcy , in th e Chapter of Accidents . He is , we believe , the son of a watchmaker , who lived near Fenchurehstreet , and at a very early age exhibited a
predilection fur dramatic performances ; however his peculiar line , as he conceived ( and , indeed , as JBanuUter , Fawceit , Mathews , and many others thought of themsehes ) , waa tragedy . As a performer of common characters , his place will , perhaps , never be adequately supplied . To a rich lund of raturalliuraourhsaduedthecare . diseriminati-. in . ami perception of the finished artist . Hence he never was merely droll , but so moulded and adapted his powers of hiifiiaur as to make them perfectly characteristic of tk- j .. i < i iw > 'ia . y » : u . In private life Mr . Li-: iou ' s nabh .-TH-j-e wif . s-: j-, m& ho possessed the r =. upcet ui allw . ' iU kuc" LilU
CoiiTiS-JS OS TilC JhaMEOIUM Rin . WAT .--0 l ! r 3-tuTdayewuSui ! Uia u ;» mixed train , which leu Hirmrasl ) :: Ui : ji » w . v-iiv . j . minutes past live , nu-i w vh a * aecidtut ¦•; " ;• . : ; . i ;; , Ui- ») ie nature , but which . ! ul r . ut . fortui : ; u !; - - , o . - . m : : <¦ *•> of life or limb to y- oi : t , tvery ::: »« : _! nen-. < . i « "til until the train h ; i ¦ > . nausea the < Ji . _ i -iuitJ-. <• ' .. - . ? i < . n , but on ciiieriusr i &cp cutting * . >' u : _ ly . - ? . i . iU- * li ^ oni Triug , the U « -s : c ? -u : 9 HI Vli-iu .. ! ¦ - v ' -iij ^ i ! « i . ¦ J . three luggage waggus ,.-. , - . Jii ! : ; . were s ^ ' H « : ' .-: (" . u : » taii : yleitsiacduig on ii : « . raits . Most ' . ¦; :. ' ; :. 'p-. ? M-:: ? .- } s weretiirawn off tiu-i .- .-. iv . i , and ^ s-i ., s n ? \ w- \ iv . ovtred from the sir . ! . ; . ' insiny Of Ul ? Ui iM Wsi aii-j MiKUnliled Up thei-lK ! ' -.. ! : - . ;« there 'v : y . ^ i vat n ; i- ihe express train coi . ^ si ^" ' ... - > and dv-. ' > : / is «; _ - iu . -f train fo pieces . Tiio itir » U hojvev--r , : j ! :-. ' " . - 'ii ;;' i-. . > < : cvpatchea jutn uotiiiri , -, ;; i downt ' ic ' 'i , c - -I'M .-j ^ i ; . ila to s top it , andiii this iluy fortaili " . !; : ; r : ) C ; t \ .-i : - : »
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PROTECTION OF NATIVE INDUSTRY . The following letter from Earl Stanhope wai read at a meeting recently held in Marylebone , for th e purpose of forming a Society for the Protection of Naiiveludostry : — " ¦ Ohevening , near Sevenoaks , ( copr . ) March 2 , 1846 . Sa , —1 am much rejoiced to learn bj your letter , that it is intended to form in the parish of Marylebone a Society for the Protection of Native Industry ; and I most ardently wish that the same course may be followed , not only throughout the metropolis , but also in every other part of the United Kingdom . No tune ought to be lost , no exertions ought to be omitted , in opposing most strenuously those measures of free trade which have latelv ; PROTECTION OP NATIVE INDUSTRY .
been proposed , and which would so much injure all the industrioss classes by depriving them of the means of subsistence , or by diminishinB their wages . Theinclosed statement , which I prepared , and which relaUs solely to manufactured articles , shews how much the protection that is justly due to the artisans was reduced in 1842 , and how muca more they would be exposed to the competition of foreigners by the new proposal of the present miniaters . You will perceive by tiiat statement that it indudes many articles of luxury , the cheapness of which would be ef uo advantage whatever to the industrious classes , and you are aware that a reduction of price in other articles would be no compensation to them for the losses which they would sustain by free trade , and for tha intolerable distress with which it would afflict them .
I have expressed , both in end out of Parliament , my opinion that all the industrious classes have a right to be fully represented in the House of Commons , and that every citizen of the state is justly entitled to a vote . If such were now the easa the ruiuous and revolutionary project of Ministers would , I have no doubt , be rtjeeted by an immense and overwhelming majority ; but as such is not the case , the industrious classes may ask wlethara House of Commons , in which they are not fully represented , can have aright to adopt measures that vitally affect their rights and interests ! Public opinion has already been displayed in the meetings whieh have been held , and in th » elections which have taken place , and i t
would have had still greater weight if several members of Parliament had not persisted in retaining their seats in utter disregard of the wishes of tlieir constituents . As both the political factions are in favour of free trade , and as a party spirit is now more prevalent than patriotism , it is more than ever requisite for the people to act with entrgy and union . The industrious classes should everywhere , and in a voica of thunder , demand full and effectual protection—a . redress of their grievances , aad a restoration of their rights . In this cause , in which all of them hare a common interest , no differences in party politics should prevent them from cordially co-operating far their mutual defenca .
I nsed not represent that the sufferings occasioned by free trade would b » very much aggravated by the detestable and despotic New Poor Lair , which punishes poverty as a crime , and which was truly dsscribed to be " the most infamoni law that ever vat enacted in any Christian country . " The dangers of free trade would be very much increased by the Currency Laws , as the natural results might be an exportation of gold , a scarcity of money , and a stagnation of trade , attended with grievous and general distress . If the principles of free trade are to be adopted , let them be carried into effect immediately , and ia their fullest extent , aud the conttquence would bi a violent and sudden reaction , which the combined strength of the two political factions would be quite unable to resist . An injured and indignant people would drive , like chaff before the
wind , those who had attacked their rights by depriving them of that protection which it is the duty of every government to preserve , which all those who are engaged in native industry may most justly claim , and which cannot be taken from them without destroying the security of all piopcrty . I feel very strongly upon this subject , because i t may have been the intention , and it wouid certainly be the effect of these measures of free trade to lower the wages of labour ; and I have as much at heart the prosperity and welfare of the working classes as if I were one of their number , for I do not recognise any real superiority but that which arises from moral , mental , or physical qualification !; and I kuowwhat is due to their skill ana industry , to their patience and perseverance , and to their rights , which ought at all times to be held sacred .
la justice to the labouring classes , whose wages , or whose means of employment , would be very much reduced through a competition with foreigners in the home market , it is indispensably requisite , and they would have , a right to demand , amongst other measures , the entire repeal of the Excise duties on soap , malt , and hops , and of the Customs duties on coffee and sugar , the produce of British colonies , and on the low-priced sorts of tea and tobacco . I am well aware that this would be only a relief , but not a sufficient compensation , and that many other measures ought also to be adopted , which I forbear to mention at present , as the first object is to oppose the progress of free trade , and to drive from office those Ministers who have entirely and for ever forfeited the respect and confidence of the peopla . I am , sir , Your obedient humble servant , To Mr . H . D . Griffiths . Stashoje .
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f . ' a . d . £ . s . d . £ . s . d . Wafers , perlb . ... 0 13 . 0 0 . 3 10 O ' O Washing balls , ( per cwt . ) 0 18 000 100 LXAXBEB MANDFACTUBE 8 , Women ' s boots and . ca . . . ' lashes , per dozen ... 110 0 012 0 0 C 0 Ditto lined or trimmed , pir dozen 116 0 6 15 0 0 7 6 Ditto ( hoes ... ... 16 0 010 0 0 5 0 Ditto ditto , trimmed . ; . 19 0 0 12 0 0 5 0 Ditto of silk 0 18 0 0 9 0 0 4 6 Ditto trimmed ... 1 4 0 010 0 0 5 0 Men ' s boots ... ... 2 14 0 1 8 0 0 14 0 &t gl d . £ . s . d ' £ . ' » . aJ
Ditto shoes ... .. 14 0 fl 14 n n 7 0 Ditto shoes ... ... 14 0 0 14 0 0 7 0 Gloves ( habit ) ... 0 4 0 0 3 6 Ditto ( men ' s ) ... 0 5 0 0 3 6 Ditto ( women ' s ) , or mitts 0 7 0 0 4 G Parthmeuts , perdoz . sheets 0 10 0 0 C 0 free . Vellum , per skin ... 0 7 2 0 10 ... PAFKB HANQING 8 . Per square yard ... 010 0 0 2 « i
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duty , such as the constitution ' requires them to b » , unbound by positive pledges Or promises . ; [ The act of resigning in the middle of R Parliament , in consequence of a difference of opinitfri ' with "' constituent * , ii in principlemore democratic than annual Parliament ! .. ] I will try to make you understand my view of their conduct , by putting for your consideration a parallel cmo . A naval man undertakes the charge of a ship , and declares his determination to avoid a certain port . After , however , having joiwd the fleet , all the commanders in whom he has confidence , to his amazement , tail thems « lves straight into it , and assure him that it is for the interest of his employers that he should follow . He himself feah , tbat whether it bo prudent or not , it is cortaiu that hii vessel must eventually do so , and that ker duty , suchas the constitution reauires them to b » , un-
exposure in the meantimo to the tempests can be tnly productive of danger and evil . Would it not be acting upon a mistaken point of honour , for the sake ef adhering to the words of his agreement , to do that wliich in his opinion can only injure the intercstR intrusted to his charge t Such , in my opinion , would have been tlie corductofmemberB of Parliament on the present occasion , in continuing a resistance under the circumstance * equally impossible to be maintained , or to be productive of * ny benefit , and which it maybe well considered not honourable to attempt . Kcver forget , also , that thoy could have no possible object in changing their opinions but that of doing their duty to the public . It is a step
which a timid man , or one who would rather be dishonest than risk being thought so , would not take—but which those justly confident in tlieir past character , the purity of their motives , and of receiving ultimate justice from Englishmen , may safely ( as I liava striven to show ) properlj take far once ; but let Minitlers of the Crown , who value the constitution , which , to exist , must enjoy , in its seteral branches , the confidence of tha community , beware how they again lead the majorities of Parliament guided by them into a similar position . It is not the destruction of party ( a comparatively insignificant consideration ) , but the destruction of confidence in statesmen , in members of the Legislature , in English genili . men , which is to be deprecated ahd dreaded .
These few lines on politics have I added from th « desire to soften any ill-feelings that may exist amongst us . It is most desirable that , whatever may be the consequences , as yield we must , we should do so with a good grace , that the agricultural body who stillmay clrtim so high a station should not present the undignified spectacle of struggles , now so clearly ineffectual as to hare the appearance ef impotent efforts of childish angerstill less of quarrels and criminations amongst ourselves 1 . Let us rather determine atonce to unite all our energies to do our duty to the community and ourselves , by indu * - triously putting into practice those improvements which science and experience have shown will enublc us to produce from our land the greatest quantity of food at » fairly remunerating cost . Believe me , your very sincere friend , Harcli , 1846 . Mount Edccombb .
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Romance op Rbal Life . —The " Tenth Report of the Inspectors of Pritons" contains the following from the journal of the keeper of Lancaster Castle : — " A poor fellow named Joseph F ., committed for begging , arid about to be discharged in a few days , gave me the following singular outline of his past life : — ' I was born in Scotland , and brought up as n millwright . At fifteen years old I entered the 32 nd foot , in which regiment 1 served eleven years . I was in Spain and Portugal , at Salamanca , and the siege of St . Sebastian . I was at Quatre Bras and at Waterloo . At the former place the Duke , twice over , placed himself in our square . I received two slight wounds at Quatre Bras , and two more , also slight , at Waterloo . I went to Paris with mv regimentand
, got my discharge in 1810 . A ' Polish general engaged me ( through Sir John Rennie ) as a millwright , to go to llozoaka ( Rosienna ?) , in Lithuama . 1 made £ 150 a year wages for four years , aud saved £ 100 a year . I then came to Warsaw , and learned to brew from a countryman . I commenced the trade of a brewer in 1821 , in conjunction with two other persons ; I also had a millwright concern , and a flour-mill . Some little time after , Dr . M'All , the missionary , came to Warsaw , and 1 engaged my . self to him as interpreter , being able to speak Russian , German , and Polish . I went with Dr . M'All to St . Petci-sburgh , Moscow , Astracan , Tobolsk , Archangel , Vienna , Rome ( where Dr . M'All dined tw i co with the Po pe ) , Naples , Genoa , Sicily , then through Austria into Hungary , Pesth , Brodof ( Brod or Brad ?) , where there are a great many Jews , Cracow , and Warsaw . This occupied about two years and three months . During the ten vean ' wc were iu
business , the firm to which I belonged realised about £ 30 , 000 , niy share being £ 11 , 000 . Then came the bombardment of Warsaw , iu 1 S 30 . A child and two of my workmen were killed , and all my property was destroyed . I was reduced to nothing . In 1833 , the Emperor Nicholas came , and I sent a petition to him . lie granted me an interview , a nd ordere d m e £ 200 ( in ducats ) . I afterwards engaged as manager to a brewery , but the principals failed . I then engaged with another establishment , and made a mere living ot it ; everything having been ruined by the wto utwn . I left Warsaw in 1842 , and came to London , whore I spent a short time with Dr . M'All Lord Dudley Stuart was kind to i « e , and RaVe me ilO to carry me into the north . I was on my wav lroni Scotland to swk some friends in LiverpoS when , my money bcinj ; all . one , I WM taken uR . boggmir . ' TkUwnguW Btiry ^ given in anlwSr o mimevouSq « oStiullS . F . dnesnotsee nawarothat . le has been more eventful than that of other
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* If a «) thin were required to i . w . ! tha degradation au . uuua . iup of , he life Wf u von . mon suUicr nml sailor tv « n « i » ttmo orprofounfl poace , it is furnished by a ivl-i . ntonie . al publication of the committals to ,. r » on and corporeal punishmen ts Ju the annj and navv , printed bv onUroitno llousBof Commons , from ui . kii it m ^ n tlmtinthtt five ynari from 1839 to 1341 , the corpow . l inimdHneuts inflicted on Uriibh soldiers , sailors , „» ,. mni-inw , were ll , Sll ; awl Hist tlte euimmtmetus of SiilUiais to prison , during tlio same period , were + 1 268 , c (]« f tHo one third of tho British army ; while the com-Wrtments lroni the general population of Great Britain during the same period , were only \ iu 111 ! 1
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DREADFUL FIRE AND LOSS OF LIFE . A most disastrous fire , resulting in the loss of four lives and serious injury of several other persons , occurred at an early . hour on Monday mornine , in Crawford-street , Msry lebbne . The premiBe 3 destroyed are situate No . 11 , near the western extremity ot trawford-street , and immediateley between Seymour-place and Croydon-street . The house was occupied by several families . Mr . Tempson , a surgeon , occupied the shop and back parlour on the ground-HDor , residing in Lisson-grove himself , but leaving a youth , aged 16 , in charge of his shop n « S » tly , thi 3 person sleeping in the back parlour . Ihe first flour was occupied by Mr . llosking , the landlord of the house , together with his wife and daughter ; and on the second floor lived a man and his wife , named Butters , with a f a mil y of three young children . DREADFUL FIRE AND LOSS OP I 7 TFF ..
The fire was first observed by Sergeant Bennett , 18 D , who happened to be passing the house at about a quarter past t w elve o ' clock on Sunday night . He had already proceeded a few paces beybnd the premises , when , fancying that he perceived a strong smell of fire , he returned , aud at once observed smoke issuing through the shutters of Mr . T e m p son ' s shop . He immediately knocked loudly at the private door , which in the course of a very few minutes was opened by the youth in charge of the shop . On being made acquainted with the fact that the house was on lire , this yoHtli ran back again , and proceeded upstairs , for the purpose of arousing the various inmates . Sergeant Bennett immediately despatched messengers to the various lire-eng in e stations , and als o to the station of the fire-escape in King-street ,
Bakerstreet . During the interval of their arrival the utmost anxiety was evinced fur the parties known to be sleeping in the house . The inflammable nature of the contents of the shop caused the flames to spread with extraordinary rapidity , and within a few moments after the private door was opened it was an impossibility to reach the foot of the staircase from the street . The smoke and flames , h a vin g burst through the door at the back of the shop , ascended the st a ircase , an d not onl y effectually prevented the escape of those inmates who were above stairs when the fire broke out , but also cut off the escape of the youth who had rushed upstairs for the laudable purpose of saving life . With some diflicnlty this youth escaped , together with Mr . and Mrs . llosking
and their daughter , by passing from the balcony of their own house to that of the next . The situation of the parties residing on the second iloor waa even more dreadful . ¦• Thoy were of course soon aroused to a sense of their danger , but the flames having previously attained a fearful height , it was quite impossible for them to attempt escaping by the staircise . The only surviving person of the five persons W . ie slept on the second floor is Mrs . Butters . She > tiiiei that her husband had nut been in bed more ihan ten minutes when the alarm was given . He immediatel y opened the door of the front room , in which he slept , together with herself and infant child , and proceeded to the back room for the purpose of waking his other children . Even then the
unfortunate nuo told his wife that it was impossible to escape by the staircase , adding that he would endeavoui to open the traD door of the roof . He was attempting this , when the dense volume of smoke and flame which ascended from the lower part of the lmise obliged him to desist and retreat into the front rosro closing the door after him . About the same time Mrs . Butters , unable longer to bear the dreadful suspense in which she was placed , threw herself from the second-floor window into the street . There had been no time for preparation to receive her , and she fell heavily upon the pavem e nt , fracturing her left arm just above the wrist , and being seriously injured about the lower part of the back . Mr . Buttors at this time was
standing at the same window from which his wife had fallen , raising his hands imploringly , as if asking help of the bystanders . The flames lrom the firstfloor windows are described to have actually played r-und the wretched man ' s face as he stood . The fire-escape from King-street arrived just at this time , and having been hastily placed against the house , the officer in charge ascended to the second floor fur the purpose of endeavouring to afford him assistance . The officer reached the window , and not only spoke to Butters , but had actually caught hold of him with the intention of pulling him into the escape , when he tore himself away , saying that he would go and seek his children . At the same moment the front of the shop was blown out with a loud explosion , aad the flames from the first-floor having increased in tlieir violence , set fire to the top of the fire-escape , causin g the officer to lo s e his h o l d , and fall heavily 11 the ground . On being picked up the poor fellow
was found to have sustained a severe fracture o'" the skull . He was immediately removed to Middlesex Hospital . Although Butters came to the window once or twioe subsequently , he was unable to keep his position for more than a few moments , and very soon after it became evident to the bystanders that both himself and children had perished miserably iu the flames . After the arrival of the engines , the supply of water being good , the flames were got under . About a quarter to one o ' clock the house was sufficiently cool to allow a search to be made for the missing persons . On entering the front room on the second floor Butters was found near the window , in a reclining posture , his hand resting on the sill of the windows . He was not much burned , and appeared to have died from suflbcation . The bodies of the three children were found l yin g togeth e r in the back room on the . same floor . They were all shortly after their dkc < j * ery placed in shells , and removed to the workhouse .
Among the efforts made to save the lives of the unfortunate deceased ; w ; is that of sending a chimney , sweeper named Lake through the trap-door of an adjoining house to open the trap of the house on fire . He succeeded in doing so , and heard both the deceased and his children running about from room to room , but the smoke prevented him from descending to r e nder any assi s tance , a nd th e deceased pe rsons do not appear to have observed him themselves . The names « f the deceased are as follows : —Robert Butters , the elder , aged thirty-one ; Robert Butters , the younger , aged seven and a half ; Jane Butters , aged four ; and William Butters , an infant , aged eighteen months . Th e p r e mis e s a nd sto c k ar e insur e d in the Sun and Law Insurance offices . The origin of the fire has not been ascertained .
Mr . Tempson had only been in possession of the premises three weeks , having purchased the business of a Mr . Lewis , who had previously carried it on .
CORONER S 1 XQ 1 JK 3 T . On Tuesday , at half-past nine o'clock , Mr . Wakley , M P ., and a jury of fourteen respectable inhabitants ot the district of St . Mary , Marylebone , assembled at the workhouse of that parish for the purpose of commencing an inquiry as to the deaths of the four unfortunate persons who perished on the occasion of the late dreadful fire in Crawford-street . After the bodies had been identified , the coroner explained that the inquiry on which they were about to enter was intended merely as a preliminary proceeding , it being his intention , after examining two or three witnesses , to adjourn the investigation to a future period , in order to allow time for a more complete investigation as to the origin of the fire than , f rom all he could learn , they were at present likely to obtain .
Sergeant Bennett , IS D , was first examined . He deposed to tho fact of having observed smoke issuing from the shutters of Mr . Tempsun ' s shop , lie gave an alarm , and the p rivate d oor w a s op e ned by a young man named Hughes , who had the care 6 f Mr . Tempson ' s shop . Hughes , alter opening the door , ran back into the house , and went up stairs to arouse the inmates who slept above . The witness here deposed to Mrs . Butters having thrown herself from the window o f th e s e co nd flo o r f ront room and othet facts , all of which are given in the above account .
He said he had heard that Mr , Butters , the elder ( one of the deceased persons ) , had only entered tho house shortly before the fire , and that he appeared to have been drinking . At the time the fire occurred he was nut undressed , and some of his clothes were on him when his body was found . John Adams , sub-engineer of the London Fireengine Establishment , deposed to the arrival of the engines aud fire-escape , progress of the fire , ins ., but his testimony contained nothing which lms not already been uiven .
1 nonius John Hughes was next called , b ut p rior t o commencing his examination the coroner ordered the court to be cleared . The effect of his evidence was subsequently detailed to the reporter , lie stated that he was assistant to Mr , Tempson , and , in accordance with his usual custom , closed the shop at nine o ' clock on Sunday night . lie went subsequently to Mr . Tempson ' s a pa rtments , in Lisson-crove , to sup with Iiis fiimily-, a nd return e d to th e sho p a b o ut ten o clock , and imme dia tel y retired to rest . About twelve o ' c loc k he was a w oke b y a suffocating seiis-ation and a violent knocking at the door ; aiter openin" winch he ran up stairs to arouse the inmates
Alter arousing the people in the first floor , he ran up to Mr . Lutters ' a apartments , calling out that the iiouse was on lire . Mr . Butters opened his bedroom riuor and made answer , " You fool , there is no Bra . " Witness returned to the first floor aud made his escape on tn thu balcony of the next house Witness him no ciiiulle when he went to bed , having mulrussed h unse l t by tho li ght of the « as , which wa s alw ays kit burning in the shop . The burner used in the siiop was what is called a " fish-Sail burner . " lie hud no idea how the fire originated , but thought it must have commenced in this shop , as tho kitchen had uo ! . beon burnt , lie ( witness ) had been trying no ..-xperimcuts during Sunday .
At the close of this witness ' s examination the court was again opened , and the proceedings of the inquiry were iluchired adjourned until Moml ? y next
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A \ oranr of hiiT . VTioN . -Lord Francis Esertoa has fitted up a reading-room at tho Duke ' s Dock for the nil J-n 8 emil » ° ™} P t ™»* . and has prated them wall an excellent htoary , containing books of amusement and reference . His lordsUip ' purposos , wo believe , to chtabhsh reading rooms at all the principal stations , Aiwjclwatw , Uuncorn , &c
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Tub late Mr . Garrick . —Siatb or Clare .- —Mr . Carrick was perfectly sensible to the last , and he made his will after the faculty had seen him . leaving to Ws wife , and to his onl y child , Mrs . Finucane , wife ef the high sheriff of Clare , all his property . Thomas Whitestone , Esq ., coroner , on Thursday held an inquest upon tho body , when Mr . Carrick ' s servant was examined , and the verdict returned was Wilful Murder against persons unknown . [ We underatand that the Lord Lieutenant has acceded to tha requisition of the magistrates of Clare , and has issued a special commission for the trial of all persons accused of criminal outrages in that country . ]
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BANKRUPTS . * ( Fnih Tuesdays Swette , Jferefc 24 , 1846 . J James Giro , Moorgate-street , merchant — Charles Henry TVatera , Queen ' s-row , Pimlico , dealer in paintingj — Joseph Thompson , Norwich , grocer — William Morphsw , Sevenoaks , draper — John Perkins , North , place , Gray ' s-inn-lane , jeweller—Thomas Pierson , War . wick-court , Holborn , monej-scrivener — John Br « tt , Luton , Bedfordshire , sheep salesman—Riohard Ellis , Richmond-street , Scho , carpenter—Ann Abigail Innell
and Alfred Cooks , Little Queen-street , Holborn , varnish , manufacturers—Martin Cubitt , High Holborn , builder-George Prince , Romsey , Hampshire , wine-merchabt—Williiim Bull , Leeds , and Addle-strckt , cloth-raerchanU —James Riding and James Fielden , Leyland , Lancashire , cotton . mauufacturert—James Rishtou , Orer Darwen , Lancashire , cotton-spinner—John Gib 3 on , Manchester , veterinary surgecn—James Riddall Wood , Manchester , varnish . maker—Jolin Taylor , Hereford , grocer—Mobos Smith , Birmingham , ironfounder — Pliilip Crispin , Bristol , carpenter—Edward Williams , Nortliop , flinU shire , draper .
DIVIDINDS DXCLABED . R . Mackenzie , Hunter-street , Brunswick-square , and Bond-court , Walbrook , commission-agent , first dividend of 2 s . Gd ., on Monday , March 23 , and the two subsequent Mondays , at Mr . Ahager * , Birchin-lane . C . Allen , Tadley , Hampshire , maltstsr , first dividend of 5 s . 4 d ., on Monday , March 23 , and the two subsequent Mondays , at ilr . Alsager ' s , Birchin-lane . J . Milne , Liverpool , painter , first dividend of 3 s . Id ,, on Monday , March 23 , or any subsequent Monday , at Mr , Bird's , Liverpool . D . Parry , Ruthin , Denbighshire , currier , first dividend of 2 s . 3 d . on Monday , March 23 , or any bubsequent Jlon . day , at Mr . Bird ' s , Liverpool . W . J . Cooper and J . Beattie , North Shields , drapers , first dividend of 9 s ., 011 Saturday , March 28 , or any subsequent Saturday , at Mr . Wakley ' s , Nowcastle-upon . Tyne .
J . Joplin , Bishopwearmouth , draper , firit dividend of 4 s . 6 d ., on Saturday , Marcli 28 , or any subsequent Satur . day , at Mr . 'Wakley > s , Kcwca 8 tle-upon-Tync . C . Brighain , Doddun , near Keadal , Roinan Catholic clergyman , first and final dividend of Is . 7 d ., on Saturday , March 28 , or any subsequent Saturday , at Mr . Waklej ' s , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . C . Barber , Dunham Springs , Lancashire , calico-printer , first dividend of 3 s . ljd ., on Tuesday , Marcli 31 , or any subsequent Tuesday , at Mr Pott ' s , ilanci : » ster . H . Whittaker , Maccleetield , silk-thruwster , second dividond of Id ., and first and second dividend of Is . 3 d . on new proofs , on Tuesday , March 31 , or any subsequent Tuesday , at Mr . Frazer ' a , Manchester . G . Payne , King-street , Covent-garden , tailor , dividend of 2 s . 3 d . ( making , with a former dividend , 4 s . 9 d ., ) on Weiiuesiiny , March 25 , and the two subsequent 'Wednesdays , and uny subsequent Thursday , at Mr . Belcher ' s , King ' s Arm's-vard , Moorgate-street ,
G . T . Whittington , Great St . Helen ' s , merchant , first dividend of 4 s . Gd ., on Wednesday , March 25 , and the two subsequent Wednesdays , and any subsequent Thursday , at Mr . Belcher ' s , King ' s Arms-yard , Moorgate-street . J , Chamberlaine , Lissou-grove North , glass-merchant , first dividend of 5 s . 5 d ., on Wednesday , March 24 , and the two subsequent Wednesdays , at Mr . Turquand ' j , Old Jewry .
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Execution of Swckr foy . ihe Muddeh of nis W ife . —1 his criminal underwent the extreme penalty ot the law on Friday . He made a full confession . Ihe evening previous to his execution Spiccr went to bed , and rose at the usual time , and ate a hearty breakfast . With a firm step Spicer mounted the scaffold , iho executioner adjusted the eord , and Spicer at that moment moved towards the governor , and said , looking very pathetically , " I should like to shake hands with you , Sir . " Lieutenant Hackett of course assente d , and the poor culprit then observed , " Give my love to your family , Sir , " and then , with the same imperturbable calmness as before , took his place on the drop . The crowd in tho meadow opposite consisted of from 5 , 000 to 6 , 000 persons .
Military Outrage at Bradford . — Permit me , through the medium of the peoplo ' s organ , to ex p ose the brutal conduct of a hordo of military ruffians at present stationed in this neighbourhood . On Thursda y afternoon , M a rc h 20 th , the tranquillity of our much distressed town was alarmingly disturbed by a recruiting party , numbering upwards of forty ,, who , after having unsuccessfully paraded the prmcical streets , halted in front of a public house contiguous to the old Church , when a scene commenced which beggars all description . A civilian having expressed his disapproval of tho military system , and beimj overheard by one of the red-coats , t ho latter inflict ed a most tremendous blrnv on the head of tlte poor man with a stick . The brave fellow , on collecting himself
, resented the assault—a fiaht between them ensued . A number of the recruiting party now commenced an indiscriminate aita ^ k on the people , inflicting innumerable wounds with thiiir sticks . Ono blood-thirsty villain unsheathed Ins bayonet , brauds 3 hed it hig h in a ir , swore he would run even a «! og through for the mere sport of the thing , and the next moment his bayonet was dyed with human blood . Ani'ther of ihe ruffians was about to strike down with bis cane ii respectable female , who was merely passing at the moment with an infant nt her breast , when , prompted by minded feelings of indignation ami humanity , I rushed upon the cowardly assailant , disarmed him of his wrapwi , and broke it across his head . At this stogo oi the proceeding , the 'inhuman butchers , finding themsdvi's worsted , ami deeming ii expedieut to act unon the old adage ,
" He that lights and runs nway , May live to tig-lit auothw day , " ignobly retreated from tlu . 1 battle-field ' of their own creating . Takins ; advantage of the moment , I mount e d a wall , and addressed the people , exposing the horrors of the military systmn , and concluded a somewhat lengthy address by advising my hearers to abandon tho public houses , " and shun all occasions where military temptations are to be found , 1 have not boon able to ascertain I lie number of tho woundotl . but I saw one man in particular leave . the scene of action with his faco bleeding and horribly nuuilatcJi partl y by a bayonet . —Gfioues I ' wss ,
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REDUCTIONS OF DUTIES ON MANUFACTURED GOODS . OS OHE HTODBED POUNDS VAtUE , maub peopo 3 ed in 1842 . in 1846 . Skins or furs ( articles ma- £ . 8 . d . £ . s . d . £ . t . d . nnfactured of , } from 75 0 0 to 20 0 0 10 0 0 Tiles 50 0 0 10 0 0 Casks , empty ... 50 0 0 85 0 0 10 0 0 Crayons 40 0 0 15 9 0 10 0 0 Linen and diaper ( plain ) not otherwise described 40 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Lac « made by the hand 80 0 0 12 10 0 10 0 0 Hides , dressed , not other .
wise described ... 30 0 0 10 0 0 free . Skin . * , tanned or dressed , and not particularly described ... 30 0 0 10 0 0 Btads , nototherwiseenu . marated 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Brunze manufactures 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Brass and copper manufacture s 30 0 O 15 0 O 10 0 O Gauze of thread ... 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Hair and goats' wool manufactures ... 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0
Linen sails 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Pencils 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Sealing wax 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 z 0 Spa ware 30 0 0 19 0 0 10 0 0 Telescopes 30 0 0 15 0 0 free . Totacco pipes of clay 30 O O 15 0 0 10 0 0 Turnery 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Varnish 30 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Brocade of gold or silver 30 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 Carriages 30 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 China , ornamented ... 30 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 Embroidery and
needlework 30 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 Pomatum 30 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 Pots , of stone ... 80 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 Thread , not otherwise
enumerated ... 25 0 0 10 0 0 free . Watches 25 0 0 10 0 0 Linen and cotton , or linen and wool manufactures , not particularly enumerated ... ... 25 0 0 15 0 0 free . Cl ° du 25 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 Matting 20 0 0 5 0 0 Baskets 20 0 0 10 0 0 Boxes ... ... 5 ( 1 n n in n n Boxes 20 0 0 10 0 0
Feathers , dretsed ... 20 0 0 10 0 0 Frames for pictures , &c . 20 0 0 10 0 0 Mattresses 20 0 0 10 0 0 free . Toy * ... , „ 20 0 0 10 0 0 Buttons 20 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 Iron and steel , wrought , and not otherwise enumerated 20 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Japanned and lacquered ware 20 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Musical instruments 20 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Pencils , of slate ... 20 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Pewter , steel , and tin manufactures ... 20 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 Earthenware ... 15 0 0 10 0 0 Iron cast ( per ton ) ... 10 0 0 1 10 0 free .
„ .,.-, BY ^ nT , &c £ 100 value . Blacking ( per cvrt . ) 3 12 0 100 10 00 Candles , of tallow ( cwt . ) 3 3 4 , 0 10 0 05 G Ditto , of spermaceti ( lb . ) 026 * 006 003 Ditto , of wax ( lb . ) 026 004 002 Corks , ready made , from July 5 th , 1848 ( per lb . ) . 0 7 0 0 0 8 Gunpowder ( per cwt . ) 3 0 0 10 0 Ilateofchip ( perlb . ) 080 050 036 Ditto of cane , ic , not more than 22 in . in diameter ( perdoz . ) ... 100 010 0 070 Ditto , more than 22 in . in diameter ( per doz . ) 200 0 15 0 0 10 6 Ditto , made of , or mixed with felt , hair , wool , or
heaver , each ... 010 6 0 2 6 Hemp , dressed ( per cwt . ) 4 15 0 0 4 0 free . Iron , pig ( per ton ) ... 0 10 0 0 5 0 Ditto , bars , unwrought ' . ' ( pcrton ) 110 0 10 0 r - sper , waste , &c . ( per lb . ) 0 o 9 0 0 4 * IMiteboards ( per cwt . ) 3 8 2 110 o " i'iAi ting of cane , horsehair , . vc . ( per lb . ) ... 10 0 0 10 0 bitiu ofcliipfperlb . ) 0 8 0 0 2 6 free . !< Ut <> of straw ( per lb . ) 0 17 0 076 050 1 ' oi . Jer ( liair ) , per cwt . 9 15 0 10 0 iiiu-j , perfumed , do . 13 13 0 10 0 $ . Mj ., hard do . 4 1 0 0 1 10 0 1 0 0 i / i - . v ., soft uo . 3 11 3 1 0 0 OH 0 fi ! : l .: £ of si : eep , tanned or
i : nvi'd , perlO 0 ... 2 0 0 012 0 free Imto , dressed in oil , do . 4 0 0 10 0 L'iiiv ; of lamhs , tanned or iswcti , per 100 ... 0 10 0 0 5 0 ihiiv , dressed in oil , per '" l '" J 0 15 0 0 10 0 »" : ' . ' . (• , dyed or coloured . r-i !' 100 ... .... 4 0 0 200 Jss ) i : i ! , percwt , ... 910 Q . 010 o
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facial rather than injurious , I shall most sincerely congratulate those who hold leaees under me on their good fertuna ; if the contrary , I then , after obtaining the bust information and advice in my power , ahull take that course which , according to my judgment and conscience , I shall deem to be liberally just . One thing is , however , certain—all agree that to ward off these dangers we must exert ourselves . We are started in a race against all comers , and wo betide the hihdcrmott . In such a race the manufacturers have been signally victorious , and it is well for farmers toconsider by what means they have succeeded .
That success is attributable to , not only a steady attention to '; their business , but also to an unceasing activity of mind . Each improvement in their respective trades is no sooner made public than it is immediately adopted , antiquated methods are put aside , and every new discovery of science and ingenuity without delny or hesitation put iuto practice . Those without the activity , the talentB , or the capital necessary to effect such changes become bankrupts , and their places are supplied by others in the enjoyment of those advantages , or rather necessaries . Against all but tenants has this last penalty been in force , and why has it not been against them
Because other influences besides the love of money . making have been allowed to operate . The landlord feels that the tenant is bound to his estate , and he to his tenants , by ties of the heart , rarely , if ever , known t o Hie manufacturer , or by those with whom he is connected . Far be it from ine to wish those feelings should ctase to exist or to exercise their kindly influence ; I dsem them to be the best source of the peace , and the happiness , and the strength of the community ; and when I aid told that we are fated to become the shopkeeptrg of the world , I deplore the change , from the belief that with it must come the diminution of such feelings .
The misfortune that has tended the most to cripple the efforts of your friends ( which , like most so-called misfortunes , arises from a great jault ) i « , that the agricultural labourers have not , and do not , enjoy the comfurts they , in reward for their services , arc justly entitled to . Our duty as Christians to society , and to ourselves , calls upon ua , each in our station , to remedy to the utmost of our power that disgraceful evil ; but for that , none who hold happiness , morality , and kindly fellow-feeling to be greater blessings than any wealth alone can bestow , will doubt that the life of an agriculturist is as much to be preferred to that of men toiling , speculating , and gambling in dark manufacturing towns , as a healthy spot on the green is to a night passed over dice at the gambling tuble .
The power to cluck the ordained course of events , however , nowhere exists ; the agriculturists are treated as , and now indeed are termed , " manufacturers" of corn , and to exist must , however unpalatable , adopt to a great degree the system , and submit to the same fatu as their fellow manufacturers . It must be remembered that now no capital produces to its owner so small a return as that invested in land ; while iu uo manufacture have science and ingenuity introduced greater improvements than in that of food ; and it is not only the ii . terest . but the duty of tenants , following the example of all other manufacturers , to use every exertion—first to learn , and then to put into practice these improvements without delay . To tenants who have succeeded to estates from their ancestors have also frequently descended hnbits which it is hard to cast off . The attempt , however , now must bit made . Landlords are on their part bound to take every means in their power to make their ttnants acquainted with all changes in agriculture which from time to time experience may hav « shown to be improvements—and
also to gire them every assistance in their power , by sharing on equitable terms the expense , or by in any other way aiding them to carry them out ; but , iu return , they have a full right to expect the utmost readiness in tenants to take advantage oi' the assistance and information offered , and to decline a renewal of connection with men who refuse to perform their part in what is no more than their duty , at a time of difficulty and danger to all . As I said before , in other trades , either the want of sufficient activity or of capital is followed as a matter of course by inevitable ruin , and no aid is offered ; but a tenant ' s case , as I put it , and as I hope under most landlords it would in fact stand , is fur better . For if he will be but willing and active , consideration and assistance will be shown to shield him from the dUastrousconsequences that naturally fluw from the want of talent and capital . But I repeat , that when advice and assistance are offered and not readily accepted , the fate common to all must be expected , and cannot in justice be complained of .
T will not lose any time in determining on a system by which information proved to be useful , and the assistance you can fairly expect from me , may be afforded ; and in the meantime confidently call your attention to the advantages which are Certain to be derived from a great increase of the number of cattle fed on your estates , io the better preservation of their manure , and to underdraining . With this I should have concluded , but that Ihaveheen assured that a strong feeling exists among tenants generally that the late conduct of many of their representatives on this question is such as to shake their confidence in the honour of gentlemen .
Let me , then , state my conviction , and the reasons for that conviction , why men , unbound by positive pledges er promises , have not , under the existing altered s tate of things , injured the agricultural interest , or done more than their public duty . Mind , I am not attempting to defend Sir R . Peel , for with sorrow must I admit , that nothing I have read , heard , or been able in my own mind to conceive , docs afford a sufficient justification for having led so large a portion of the gentry and legislators of England to take the position they now are placed in , and then , by heading himtelf the attack against it , rendering it equall y impossible for them to attempt to maintain it without injury to the public interests , or to retreat from it without rendering themselves liable to the imputations they are now exposed to . The destruction of confidence between the people aud their representatives is a great social evil , which it is one of the first duties of a man
holding his high office to guard against . He , on the contrary , has to an unhappy extent caused it—that is certain—but , . whether unavoidably or not , I will not now discuss . That which I now wish to convince you of , is , that . after that course of conduct of Sir It . Peel ' s , joined in by all others ( but one or two ) who do or have held high Ministerial offices—a man quite equal to the high station of a menOwrof the legislature , but who has no pretensions to the still higher position of Minister of this great empire—still holding opinions in favour of the Corn Laws , and who has sufficient determination and self-devotion , at any personal risk or sacrifice , strenuously to com . bat for them ( did he think it right ) , may well be induced to act upon the opinion , . that a furtucr attempt to do so is neitlur in accordance with the public interests generally , nor , in one point of view , his own honour or that of the great agricultural bod y be belongs to .
Our caie is less good than that of a man supporting rights against another making equal claims to them , for we are accused of maintaining ours by an abuse of powers granted to us for the public good , and at tbe same timo violating justice and humanity by rendering food to tho hali-fed dearer . TVe conscientiously believed these imputations to be groundless—that ths withdrawal of protection * vou ! d benefit none , while it would cause ruin to the many interests connected with our own , and thus destroy the firmest support of the Crown aud empiiejanusolong ns
that opinion was supported by all the statesmen in whom , upon every other questiou , we reposed conrifonetf , we were fully justified in enforcing it . But , as a man would be charged with forfeiting his honour if he attempted to maintain rights when all , whom he must admit to be the best judges iu the case , have declared against him , may not we be similarly accused if we still attempt to lnninttiin advantages which : ill disinterested men , all the nio ^ . t talented unionist those even whu arc intvrcsU < 1 , have tie . dared to be unjust to others , injurious to thu public , aiul unnecessary to ourselves ?
Ilow enn a cause be maintained in opposition to such a vast portion of the community , including the must distinguished of ourselves , whin not a flisinteri'sii-d juilge or umpire can be tound to sanction or support it nay . even to refrain from condemning it ? But you will :: sU , n \\ members justified in acting against opinions iloduruu uy them at the hustings ? I say , yes , if they went not as delegates , but its members of Parliament , ikz to do theii
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THE MILITIA , THE ARMY , AND THE SUFFRAGE . ADDRESS OF THE COMPLETE SUFFRAGE ASSO CIATION TO TUB NON-ELECTORS . Friends ahd Fellow CounTitYMKN . —The recent strong aiid general expression ofpubliccondemnation against tho enforcement of tho unchristian and cruelly unjust Militia Act , lias been followed by an announcement of the intention of government to abandon the compulsory ballot . It may , therefore , be expected that the measures about to be taken will , if possible , be so shaped as to prevent the determined opposition with which the eld Militia Act was threatened . In the whole circumstances , however , t here is much which , calls for your serious attention ; and wo are induced now to address you because the military system has an important bearing on tho extension of the electivefranchiae . '
Every unprejudiced mind must have seen , in the good sense and correct feeling you have displayed iu opposing the contemplated measure , a fresh ev id enc e of the strength of your claims to enfranchisement , and a proof that you aro not only qualified to make a proper use of your political rights , but that you are in advance of many who already possess them , in your zealous and effective opposition to measures which are subversive both of justice and religion . We arc anxious , however , at the present moment , to draw your particular attention to the proposed increase in our military forces . Though a standing army in time of pe ace is unconstitu ti onal , and has ex i st e d s carcely 2 00 y ears , yet it has been increased from 91 . T 50 in 1822 , to 139 , 480 in 1844 ; and yet
government has now determined to add to it from 10 , 000 to 20 , 000 rc « , i , b esi de s t he militi a , [ the latter ] amointin g to 4 2 , 000 ! So lpng as the supporters of unjust laws are enabled to hire men te uphold them by brute force , so long only can those laws operate . To you , therefore , who feel that your political rights are unjustly withheld , the question whether this enormous addition to the army shall be permitted , isoneol vital interest . You are , we conceive , especially c a lled u p on t o refus e to e nter th e r a nk s , an d to us e allyour influence with your friends and neighbours ; to induce them to refuse also . It is generally understood that the resort to the ballot was suggested b } the difficulty of obtaining recruits ; and the widespread determination which has lately shown itself .
neither to serve in the militia nor to pay for a substitute , leaves the government in as great a difficult ) as ever . So long , however , as the people submit to pay thb money with which our rulers bribe men to enter the army , and men are to be found who will accept the bribe , the war system will continue , and its profits and emoluments will be retained by the aristocracy , while upon the workiDg classes will fai ! its attendant sufferings and misery . Our earnest a pp e a l to you , therefore , is , that you will remain firm and inflexible in refusing to hhired , at any price , to learn the art of wholesale murder , and that you will do all in your power to render the profession of arms as disreputable and odious as it is criminal . *
'Should the repugnance to enlist become universal , your political rights are secured . No statesman will then attempt to continue a system by which the poor man , for no other reason than because he is poor , is deprived of his citizenship , —a system which give :-to property , anil not to man , the elective franchise , from which has sprung innumerable evils , the burden of which rests u po n y our s houlder s , and which maintains its existence nov , a nd can only continu e t o d o so , by tho power of . the s word .
f hough , individually , w e h o ld th e o p inion that a l l warisuncbriBtian , our present object is to show the bearing of a standing army on the question of complete suffrage , which we are associated to promote . In recommending this momentous subject to your serious consideration , we earnestly desire that no man who loves liberty himself , or who would secure it for his iellow countrymen , will be induced , under any temptation whatever , to identify himself with the military profession . Jos . Stubob , Chairman .
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REVOLTING CASE .-MURDER OF A MAN BY HIS WIFE'S PARAMOUR . Dublin , March 22 . —The following may give the English readers some notion of the internal economy of an Irishsmall farmer s family :--On Wedne s da y last , James Carroll , Esq . ( coroner ) , held an inquest on the body of Daniel Berochree , at Touroenbrien , nbimt fourteen miles from Nenagh , who was beaten on the night of . the 10 th mst . The deceased was a man over sixty years of age , and his wife ( who appears to have been accessory to his death ) is about twenty years his junior . lie was rather a comfortable farmer , and has eleven children . William Walshc , the deceased ' s servant , appears to have been a paramour of the wife's . lie is a teamed man , and has a wife and three children .
Ellen Bei-ouliree sworn and examined by the coroner . —I am daughter of the deceased , Daniel Berochree . I remember the night of the 10 th inst . On the night in question my mother , father , three sisters , three brothers , and Patrick Hayes ( servant ) , were in the house . About half-past eig ht o ' cl o ck , after we had eaten supper , I and my two sisters , Catherine and Honora , went to bed . I fell asleep immediately after going to bed . I did not hear any of the persons I left behind me go to bed . My mother slept in the same room , in a bed ad j oining mine . In the course of the night I was awakened by my mother , who had her petticoat about her shoulders , clapping her hands , and crying , " Ellen , Ellen , your father is killed . " I slept outside , and saw William
Walshe going from the bed in which my father lay . He had a hatchet in his hand ; on going towards the room door , I heard W a l s he sa y , "Take that . " Wahhe had nothing on him at the time but his shirt . He has been in my father ' s service since July last ; I saw no other person in the room at the time of the occurrence but Walshe . He was not in the house at the time I went to bed , an d I can ' t say what hour he came in . When I got out of bed , I sa w the d e ce a sed lying on his back in the bed ; he waa covered with b lood , and was unable to speak . I heard my mother say it was four black boys that killed my father . I knew at the time that it was Walshe who killed him , because I savr him leave the room with the hatchet in his hand . When I . began to cry , I saw Walshe
run out of the kitchen door , as if to go and alarm the police . When te first came to our house , he slept with my father and mother , but latterly he slept on the loft . My brother "William also slept ¦ witn my father and mother , but did not do so on this night ; I recollect on one occasion that he slept with my father and mother , my father got up an hour before day , to go to the fair of Cappamore , a nd l e ft W a l s he in bed after him with my mother . After the police came to the house , I went to search for the hatchet , and found it under the dresser in the kitchen , with blood on it . The hatchet belonged to my father . I first searched for it where it generally lay , but did not find it . My father lingered from the 10 th to the 17 th inst ., when he died .
Grace Berochree , examined by the coroner , corroborated her sister ' s testimony . Other corroborative evidence having been given , and evidence that the man died of the wounds , the jury returned a verdict of Wilful Murder against William Walshe and Mary Berochree , and they were accordingly committed for trial by the coroner .
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6 t THE NORTHERN STAR . March 28 , 1840 .
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LORD MOUNT EDGCUMBE AND HIS TENANTS . { From the itymoutfc Herald . ] Hi Friends , —At this moment , so interesting to the agricultural interest , it would , as jour landlord , have given me great pleasure to meet you , but , as I am pre . vented from doing so by the state of my health , I cannot refrain from addressing jou by letter . It is not to hold out any hopes that protection to agriculture can be longer maintained ; it is decided that in a few years the English farmer will have to compete witli the world . Nor caa I so entirely get rid of my former opinions auto be able to declare that we have not great ground for alum . Yet , when I see , with vcrjr few exceptions , every man who can claim any title to the character of a statesman epenlv commit himdvlf to directly contrary opinions , and consider that on a question of this kind , tbat of an ; man of acknowledged talent , who has laboured to ascertain the facts upon which it is formed , is worth the opinion of any number of ordinary men , particularly when his sincerity is proved by his interests being deeply involved I cannot , under such circumstances , myself' despair , and hope that jou will not , but wait till the result is shown by experience . If , as some say , the changv prove beue-
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 28, 1846, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1360/page/6/
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