On this page
- Departments (2)
-
Text (11)
-
Untitled Article
-
THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 27,' 1841.
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Qfc i$ea&tt$ wnXf Cor remittent*,
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Untitled Article
LOHDOH . DISPATCH , BRIDE LANE-MEETIKG OF THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE CHARGE BROUGHT BY MR , BENBOW AGAINST DR . M'DOUALL . Mr . Bsows was ealled to the chair , and it w&a * r ra ^ » ed that Messrs . Benbow and M'Douall sho uld be aiiowed s quarter of an hour alternately , to state and reply to the charge ; and that , if possible , the proceedings should be oonfined to one hoar . Mr . Besbow then handed in , in writing , to the Chairman , tbe foUcwing charge : — 0 present thai Peter Murray M'DobaU , late of Chester Castle , being a recognised leader of the
Chsrrisa—that the said Peter Murray M'Douall , late M . C ., used his influence to eioite discontent in the minds of the persecuted Chartists ; and did urge them , by persuasion and representations of terror to a breaeh of faith with their brethren ; and , in violation of the sacred cause-of justice and freedom , traitorously advised Bueh Chartists to plead guilty to oer ; ain false alleged charges , to the disgrace and great scandal of all good men . and the evil example of others against the sacred cause of justice and freedom . The Chaibhan inquired whether this was the whole of the charge or charges he had to bring against Dr . M'Donal ) . to which
Mr . Benbow gave an evasive answer , bat ultimately said that the charge he had handed in contained all that he had to advance-against Dr . M'DouaH—that he had none other . Mr . Ccffay inquired whether he was prepared , by documents or evidence , to support the charge . Mr . Benbow—I call upon Dr . M'Douall to say whether he is guilty or not . I . have not the whole of my documents with me , but when I had them and the witnesses , T > r . M . Donall was non est inventus . I need no witness ; I call upon the Doctor to answer my eharge of advising John Broadbent , of Ash ton , John Wright , Amitage , Peeling , Essler , of Stockport , Barnett , Stubbs , Savage , Weavers of Macelesfield , Roberts , of Liverpool , Deegan , of Stalybridge , and Rawson , of Bury , to plead guilty of the crimes of which a vile Government accused them ; there are -others whom he likewise advised .
The Chaibiian here asked for the whole of the Junes to be stated . Mr . Bekbow—I cannot at this moment think of others , bat these are sufficient for my purpose . Dr . M'Docall said it was a strangeijourse for him to be caned upon to plead guilty to this charge , when no evidence had been » ddueed . Of these men , whom he was charged with advising to plead guilty , one was dead , and three were hi America . The only part of the charge which was correct was regarding the man Savage ; and how singular that Mr . Benbow had forgotten Robinson and Lowe , who were associated with him in the same indictment-. I acknowledge advising these three men 10 plead suiltv . I eave them a public document to give to the
men of Maecksfield upon- their release , Btating my reasons for so doing . To the 3 c reasons tho men of Mac ^ lesfidd never objected ; if thty have sot done ao , Low is it that Mr . BenDow has taken so much trouble in the matter 1 I advised itsse meD to plead guilty , because they had already suffered sir or Beven months' impriBonmeut for war . t of bail , in lha small sum of £ 25 . I was preparing their brief for ihe Assizes when a message came from the prosecutors , that they wonld be released if they would plead guilty , accompanied with a threat that if they md not they would be more harshly treated , which , in the case of Weaver , who would not plead gulhv , was carried in to effect . His bail was " doubled , and he was Bent : o hard
labour in the neighbouring workhouse . I stand on the case of these three men ; I never advised others . To these meal gave a public document , which any one can procure by writing to Macclesfield . I saw that they were starving on skilly , that they could not get bail—that being unknown no sympathy was Bnown for them ; that only 26 s . was collected for th « wi while in prison . I saw they could do no good to the cause , and much injury to themselves by remaining in prison . I did not plead guilty myself . If I advised—if I excited men to acts which led to thaic-imprisonmsnt , I had ought to be the sufferer . I deny the right of any working man to suffer through me—if I can consistenly pre-Tent it . It vras no disgrace to them iu accepting
thin compromise . They did not succomb ; the offer came from the prost- ~ ator—they were not shackled with any bail or recognizances—they are men who are now active in the cause ; sen whom I respect . It was eight months after my imprisonment , when they came oat ; the excitement was then gone by . If I was placed in the same circumstances , I would zet in precisely a similar manner ; with respect to the other names , Mr . Oeegan acknowledges that Mr . O'Connor advised him and others to plead guilty . Why does not Mr . Benbow also accuse Mm ? Is it because I am the weaker party . Essler was going to be married , and from the first determined to plead guilty . Rawson also did so , and came back from America to answer a charge of felony that had been preferred against him-
_ Mr . EKiBOVf—He had forgotten tomeation Ro- : bi& 3 oz and Lowe ; bnt these were not all he had ad- ! vised ; our prison was like a levee with persons com- 1 ing to visit , and ask the doctor ' s advice , and who , : by his persuasion , pleaded guilty . Essler pleaded j guilty , but before the Guctor persuaded him to plead i guilty , they were at daggers drawn ; tut when he , c&me to thai determination , they were the best of j friends . The doctor lent him hiB slippers , and thought ha could not do too much for him . I only j mention this to show the feeling which existed . I : zeferyon to the noble answer made by Weavers to the Jndge on his trial . u My Lord , the seven men who ! stood in the dock with me have been charged with
feeing wicked and atrocious characters , they have pkadfeignilty ; they may bi bo . bnt I am not guilty , " and the judge complimented him for his conduct . The Doetor and I were oa the best of terms until he advised these men to plead guilty . He has asked why I did not charge Feargus O'Connor , who vras also fe ^ ilty of the same conduct . It was mj deterttinaiion not to be drawn into alluding to Mr . O'Connor ; but does it exonerate the Doctor , because another has acted the same ! Is the crime improvec because another follows it ? Tlie foUo ^ iug is an ex-. raot from a letter written by Feargus O'Connor , at the time the physical force men were f ^ uring in London . Mr . Benbow then read from his written documents aa extract from the Northern Star of April 10 th , 1841 . He meant to abstain frcia this subject , unless driven into it . Can a man be honest who connives at dishonesty in others , who jjives advice which he will not act on himself ! such
condnct was infamous . Mr . Benbow then dilated on the infamy of perjury , giving an extract from St . Chrysostom , Btating that the man who committed perjurv was guilty of a greater crime than he who committed murder . Long before his tria , Dr . M'Douall had Btated that be ( Mr . Benbow ) would be harsaly treated , wo Jd meet with severe punishment . How could he be aware of this , unless he was a tool in the hands of the vilest faction that ever disgraced a country ? I respected , I honoured Dr . M'Douall for his conduct , previous to his giving that advice , but ever since then I opposed him , which begot a Bournes * between me and his friends . Robinson and Lowe were good honest men ; men of superior attainments to the generalir-y of working men , and I believe they , and all the other prisoners , would have got off with clean hands without pleading guilty . How could Dr . M'Donall know that they would be discharged , unless be had some compromise with their prosecutors !
Dr . M'Douaxl . —I will not detain you by referring to what mast be plain to yon—the motives which prompted my advice to thesa men . I was one of the earliest victims in the cause ; I defended myself on that occasion , and you saw but little in my conduct that might tempt you to accuse me of either treaeh- ry or eowardiee . I got the information that these men would be discharged if they pleaded guilt ; , from Mr . Clarkson , of Bradford , who was employed on the behalf of most of the Chartist prisoners ; he ac-? iired the information from Mr . JiervLs , Member of ariiament for Chester . If Lowe and Robinson were good men , and of such superior abilities , is it not strange that they tiiould be so readily satisfied with iuj traitorous advice \ Previous to giving thv . m
this aavice , I had written to Feargus O'Connor , that they might be allowed to have a portion of the money raised for a Defence Fund ; it appears that Mr . Benbow was jealous of my levee as he calls h . Many persons just before and during the assizes , were admitted to the prison , and many of them called nT > on me in regard to Mr . Benbow ' s punishment . I do not reoollert ayia g that he would be severely punished , bnt I know that from his beta ; : known to the Government in ancient times , it was my impression that he would be so . Dr . Maginn told me I should have two or three years imprisonment , I met him the other day and told him he was wrong in his judgment ; he informed me I had only to thank myself that I got off so well . I might with equal rsasoH call him a government tool . I have ever done my doty both in prison and out of prison . I advised these men to plead euilty . I would do so
again under similar circumstances . Mr . Benbow said he meaat to abstain from speaking of O'Connor . Why , then , had be prepared a case against him in las written doeomeat ! I was first to be aUacked , as the weaker party , and Feargus O'Connor was to be shot at through me ; but if I am a butt to be shot at , I know , white I do my duty , I shall have the support of the public , of that public who have placed me in the high position I have the honour to hold , and if Mr . Benbow thinks that I am tbe weaker party , he will be mistaken—he will find that while loontinue to perform my duty I shall meet a nation ' s support . Why did not Mr . Benbow bring this charge immediately on his release from prison 1 why delay it ! It was then moved , u That both parties having been heard , the Committee do decide . "
Mr . Bkbbow . —I have not yet been able to go into the whole of my evidence in support of the charge . Mr . Benbow was then aiiowed three-quarters of an hour , or longer if cecessei y , that he might have a fall opportunity of proving his case .
Untitled Article
Mr . Benbow occupied the time in a reiteration of his former statements , and stated that he had seen the same charge brought against the Doctor by Mitchell and Davis , in the Stockport and other papers ; that he had attended on the Manchester Council , on his release from prison , end urged them to investigate the subject , and had stayed eight weeks in Manchester at great inoonvenienea to himself , thinking they would do so ; they wished him to slate it at 8 public meeting , but this he declined , thinking the Council could best investigate . From the commencement I reasoned with him againBt this advice , and told him that instead of advising men to plead guilty and get released , we should have endeavoured to fill to excess the jails with victims , that government might see the folly and wickedness of their conduct , and be compelled to change it . Ever since the Doctor had persisted in refusing his advice he
had not exchanged a word with him . He could not even sit in tbe same room with him , sot even with friends . I told him emphatically I bad done with him . I also charge him with writing letters to people in London and the country , pr > jadicing them against me . ( Mr . Benbow being asked for names , said a Mr . Hogg , of London , had received one . ) I have not Been the letter , bat it stated that it would be well to get up a demonstration for O'Connor or for O'Brien , but Benbow was nil . I am willing to meet the Doctor at any public meeting . I wish to have the names of this Committee . I wish yon to do justice to me and injustice to no one , but act as men in the sight of God and your country . . Dr . M'Douall , in an eloquent address replied to Mr . Benbow , and said he felt convinced they would return an honest verdict , one which would exonerate him from even the suspicion of twine a traitor .
Mr . Goodfellow then moved the following resolution , " That the charge of being a traitor brought by Mr . Benbow against Dr . M'I ) ouall , is , from the evi-< bnae before us , friviloua and unfounded . " Mr . Knight seconded the resolution . Mr . Watts agreed with the resolution that the charge was unfounded and frivolous , yet Mr . Benbow was an oid veteran in the cause , active before many of us were born ; he should therefore , to endeavour to allay resentments , move as an amendment , " That no charge impugning the character of Dr . M'Douall has been proved by the evidence that Mr . Benbow has adduced ; but that Mr . Benbow has acted under the influence of mistaken motives . "
A little discussion ensued on the propriety of amalgamating the two , but the original resolution was finally carried , and the whole of die nine Committee men—namely , Messrs . Martin , Goodfellow , Knight , Drake , Wilkinson , Rogers , Cuffay , Watts , and Brown , having appended their names to it , handed it to Dr . M'Douall . The investigation was carried on in a calm , deliberate manner , which did great credit to the men who conducted it ; and we trust the affair is for ever set at rest .
The Northern Star. Saturday, November 27,' 1841.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 27 , ' 1841 .
Untitled Article
OBJECTIONS TO THE NATIONAL PETITION MET AND REPLIED TO BY THE EXECUTIVE . We displace , with much pleasure and satisfaction , an article which we had written on the objections of some of our Scottish brethren to some points of the National Petition for the following temperate , wallreasoned , and conclusive document , issued by the Executive and received by us on the day of going to press : — " TO Otra BBETHBXS , THK WOBKIKG KEN OF
SCOTLAND . " Bbotheb Chartists , —We , the Executive Committee of the National Charter Association , hav e read the Report of a public meeting held in Glasgow , on Monday , ihe 8 th of November , in which a resolution to the following effect was carried by a majority ; viz . ' That the inhabitants of Glasgow oppose the introduction of such questions as Repeal of the Union , and Repeal of the English Poor-Law Amendment Act , into the Scottish Petition for Universal Suffrage , and the other Five Points of the People ' s Charter . ' " We do not presume to interfere with the powers of the Central Committee of Scotland , and far less with the just prerogative of the people of Glasgow . We simply address those who voted on that occasion , and the people of Scotland generally , to explain away any came of difference , and reason upon the justice of the position we have adopted .
M It is our sui . ere and ardent hope that the lamentable effec&s of division may be averted between two nations strugging in the Eame cause during the mo »; momentous crisis of Chartism . Brethren , we are the servants of a powerful association ; our first duty is to act according to the will of the majority of iis members , and we feel justly proud that our exertions hitherto have secured the respect , confidence , and support of our constituents . " We doubt not but your adopted CoudcU have acted from the same motives , and that their exertions have been rewarded in a similar manner , and that their exertion have been rewarded in a similar manner , and it is because we believe so , that we look with considerable apprehension upon the slightest difference which may arise between the leading Councils of two great people , hitherto united ; ana
still we fervently hope to oe one in mind , in measures , and in Chartism . ** We should have been rejoiced , had the leaders of the movement in Scotland favoured ub with their advice , and accepted of ours in return . We conceive that every shadow of difference would have vanished , and this address been entirely useless . We address you now in the name of the English people , who have , without a dissentient voice , adopted , and are now signing , the National Petition , prepared by the Executive council , whioh has likewise been adopted by several important meetings in Scotland . Let our reasons be maturely weighed , and may our Scottish brethren give their decision , not for the sake ef England and Ireland , but for the sake of that cause of justice , which recognizes no distinction between men , and permits no prejudice to exist between nationB of oppressed and insulted
bondsmen . " Brethren , those who have differed with us are men of acknowledged talent , men whose rectitude of conduct has excited the admiration of their English friends ; and we imagine that zeal in the cause has originated their watchfulness , lest any agitation should arise , short of that which has gloriously existed for the People ' s Charter alone . We respect such justifiable jealousy of purpose ; but we stand second to none in steadily pursuing the one grand object of our agitation , asd in battling with factious opponents and cunning designers of half measures , calculated to delude and divide the people .
"Our Excellent friends , Ross , Thompson , and Cullen , we suppose to have mistaken the objects and aims of the National Petition , and to have acted under the sapposition , that other questions were to be agitated besides the People's Charter ; we do not complain of an opposition , which a brief explanation , vre feel confident , will rectify and remove . " The National Petition is divided into three parts . Firstly , we describe and prove the Government of the country to be in the hands of an irresponsible dag :, in other words , we begin with the cause of roLery , misgovcrnmeiit , and slavery . Secondly , we prceed to point out the effects , and enumerate , amongst many other grievances , the Now Poor Law and the Irish Union . We have even mentioned monopolies of every kind , eo as to anticipate objections . Thirdly , wt petition for , and demand the only RE 9 ZDT , whioh is the People ' s Charter .
" It is , therefore , qoite clear that the relation of grievances is a mere preamble , or pleading , before the petition ; and we distinctly declare that those signing the petition are not pledged to an agitation for the removal of any on © evil , but solel y to the adoption , of the People ' s Charter , as the graud remedy for all . The last clause of the petition explains this fully . We there say as follows : — Your petitioners , therefore , exercising their jusi constitutional right , demand that your Honourable House , to remedv the many gross and manifest evils of whioh
your petitioners complain , do immediately , without alteration , deduction , or additiou , pass into law the document entitled the People ' s Charter , &c . &o . ' " The great question , in our opinion , is as iollows : —Is the relation of grievances ia the petition just 1 Every Char tist will anBwer—Yes . Then no Chartist can refuse to acknowledge it by his signature ; especially when that act do ^ s not bind him to agitate for or give precedence to those separate questions , whilst the great one of Universal Suffrage is unsettled .
" The petitioner pleada hia case , first , to make it stronger , and concludes with his demand for political power , to remedy now and protect for the future . We will suppose that Scotland objects to the grievances of England and Ireland being mentioned in the preamble ©! our petition . If it be so , then that measure which is oppressive to labour in England , must be a question of interest and sympathy in Scot-] 3 nd , and vice versa . Wherever labours wrongs and burdens are augmented , labour ' s rights must be violated , and we have yet to learn that the selfish
spirit of oppression has ever bound the English , the Scottish , and the Irish heart to their own narrow iuterestBjWhen theories of Buffering brethren came beseeching aid from afar . Perish such unworthy distinctions between the sister kingdoms ! and let labour at least reserve to itself amidst its dogradai : on and its rnin that holy and sacred sympathy which has ever been exchanged between the oppressed of all nations , that ennobling feeling whioh the rich may envy but never imitate , that exalted spirit uf justice which seeking an immortality of its own , rists © superior to tho selfish pursuits of classes and the savage feuds of nations .
Untitled Article
" Brethren , we must , avoid the fatal error of two petitions and two Conventions ; oar cause is common and our measures should be the same . There cannot be one Chartism for Scotland , and another for England . We ewaot have England , Ireland , and Wales , pursuiBg one eoqrse , and Scotland another , without placing onrselvee wilfully is tbe power of the enemy , and inviting them to eroSh us in saooession . This is not a time for difference , but a time for action ; and if individual quarrels have brought injury , weakness , and ridicule open our cause , now much more must national ones distract the attention of oar supporters , and strengthen and encourage our enemies !
" Brethren , we must strive to create and preserve that confidence in each other which will secure mutual co-operation on all questions affecting the rights of industry ; and we cannot deny to Ireland that cordial support which we are so anxious to receive from her . Neither can England and Scotland consistently differ upon the- Poor-Law question , after the continued union which has existed during the past , whether the question was the Charter or the Corn Laws , the Glasgow Cotton Spinners or the Dorchester Labourers , whether it affected the patriots Gerxald or Moore , or the more r « oaat victims , Froet , Williams , and ^ ones . The Uttercase we oould not avoid enumerating in the list of remarkable injuries Inflicted , and we are confident there is not a Chartist in Scotland who would withhold his name , because that oppressive case was recorded in the list of grievances now being endured .
w Brethren , we have been actuated by the best of motives , and whilst we in the spirit of truth deolared our detestation of all oppressive laws , we were not thereby bound to adopt the orotcheta of enthusiasts , or look for a panacea in the repeal of the Poor Law , tbe Corn Laws , or the abrogation of the Union with Ireland . ; » t the same time we saw no reason whioh could condemn the mention of our Bufferings in a petition for justice . We feel satisfied that there is wisdom in stating reasons why we should have the
Charter , and no argument can be more effectual than an accredited list of atrocious enactments , disgraceful alike to human nature , as they are destruotive to human kind . We urge our grievances in public meetings , in lectures , and in the press , why not in a National Petition ! Do we admit at one ttme what we deny at another ? or are we afraid to acknowledge that our intention is to abolish or amend all enactments grievous to humanity or oppressive to labour }
" Brethren , we have embarked in a just cause ; our stake is a large one , and we shall never cease to urge its importance upon the public mind , justl y conceiving the greater the priza the greater exertion will be required to possess it . "Let it be understood , that we urge no man to agitate for repeal of the Poor Laws ; for the abolition of any one monopoly or injustice ; we are bound to the great question of questions—Universal Suffrage . Our measures point forward , not backward . Brethren , let us have your support , calculate Bafely on ours in return ; and in ooncluaion , let it be firmly impressed upon your minds , that our sole objects in drawing np the Petition , have been to direct publio attention to the cause of onr national misery , embarrassments , and political bondage ; to
enumerate grievances which have excited the greatest sympathy , and deserved the most unwearied attention , and to rear , above alLthe glorious and enduring principle of the People ' s Charter . The standard of cur cause is where it was , undiminished in its supreme importance and unshorn of its national interest . Brethren , we shall keep it there : aid us then , as you have done , und let union , peace , and energy characterize our united and inseparable exertions in the great cause of England , Scotland , Ireland , and Wales . " Your brethren in Chartism , " P . M . M'Docall , H R . K , Philp , "James Leach , ' Morgam Williams , " Johw Campbell , See . "
We trust that the reading of this document will remove every shadow of a shade of difference of opinion , not only from the minds of our Scottish frieuds , who regret the introduction of those particular grievances , the English Poor Law , and the Irish Union , but also from those of other parties who have written us expressing their regret that more prominency was not given to those subjects in the Petition . The Executive have no easy task ; the anxiety and care attendant on the mighty interests of the massos demand more wisdom , energy , and prudence than are commonly to be met with ; they exhibit an amount of talent and patriotism equal to their work , and with such a head the movement must progress if the people do their own work and beware of falling out by the way .
Untitled Article
OUR PRESENT STATE AND PROSPECTS , Never within the period ot man's reooiieotion was the social condition of the people of this country so deplorable as now . Nor do we see the least prosp « ct of amendment bo long as the demented holders of a position , which already trembles under them , continue to keep their footing on the people ' s necks . We have become objects of contempt for our immediate neighbours , and of compassion for our sons and brothers across the Atlantic . Our heart sickened as we read the following truthful , feeling paragraphs from an American paper : —
ENGLISH LIBERTT . " The last papers from England , held np the curtain of a scene of horror , such as tbe annals of the world , full as they are with crime and misery , can scarcely parallel . While tbe table of expenses of the English Sovereign are given at 300 , 000 dollars a-year , it is stated that in one manufacturing district there are lOO . eoo of that Queen ' s subjects without work , in a itato every hour verging nearer starvation , without the remotest prospect of relief . " By day and by night this terrible tale has been ringing in our ears—this picture of horror has been constantly before u * . We have seen the madness of the father , the despair of the mother , and' the pale , beseeching faces of mourning babes . The sun shines en them from the azure heavens , the gentle rains fall round them , and thay live upon the beautiful earth , denied the privilege of toil , with nothing before them but the prospect of a horrible death .
" Here , in one district , witnln tbe compass of a few miles , is a population larger by thousands than that of Ntw York city , which has been sinking by slow but certain degrees , lower and lower , till human woe and wretchedness seem to have found its lowest depth , and there ^ lieshumanityjhelpless . hopelesa—thegrave yawning alike ' for the old and the young—all enduring a common fate , and that the most awful that ever scourged the world . " Can anything be done ? Our commiseration avails not—our alms could not reach them , and if they could it woula be but b prolongation of misery . What if we remonstrate T Will the haughty aristocrats who now govern England and aspire to the supremacy of the world listen to remonstrance ? They , on whose ears the groans of millions of the down-trodden fall idly ai the whirling of the autumn leaves—they , whom the moaus of women and children , famishing for bread , cannot soften—will they thus listen to the faintly whispered reproof that comes across the Atlantic ?
" The thousands of priests who , by a huge establishment , fleece tbe natian of a tithe of its productions —the thousands of the rich and titled who hold in their unclenching grasp the wealth—with tbe law and the sword for their protection , will they let go their hold , er give up one of the privileges which their lawless bandit ancestors seized and they claim and defend , —will they rescue poverty from starvation ? " When the negro slave is sick , be is nursed—when old aud inarm , be is fed and sheltered ; infancy is cared for , age protected . If there is famine , the master kills his cattle , sells his property to feed his slaves . In England the white slave labours longer and harder for a poorer living than the negro , and when provisons are dear , and his work not wanted , he is left to starve . This England sends her Thompsons to declaim on the sin and curse of negro slavery . In the eyes of the Almighty the southern slaveholder is less guilty than tne English capitalist
" What of liberty has the English artisan to boast ? He has not even the liberty to labour , the liberty to eat the bread of toll . England is no country of liberty . The slave who sets bis foot upon her shore la free—to starve . Does he ask bread , he is told to earn it When he asks for labour , there is none to be had . If he attempt to kill game in the forest , or catch fish in the stream , be is sent to jalL England is a country of privilege . Tne nobility , the clergy , all who compose the great machinery of her government , bate privileges
—privileges to oppress , to monopolise , to crush , to starve . In all the tyranny of privilege England abounds . In all the freedom of democracy and e « nal righti it is wanting . It is governed , taxed , pillaged by privileged classes . Millions toil from infancy to agehundreds of thousands live in want and starvation , that their sovereign may enjoy a thousand costly luxuries . A world ' s wealth is hoarded around London . We can form no adequate Idea of tha grandeur that is concentrated upon the few . God looks down calmly from above and sees the many starring .
" Can this be always ? WU 1 generation after generation pats into eternity , after a life ef horrible destitution here , leaving wealth and privilege still in the enjoyment of the few , and toil and want still the lot of the many ; or will the spark of humanity , not quite stamped out , revive , and brains and muscles assert the rights they were intended to protect and enjoy ? Will all the brawny artisans of England cringe under ( he awfnl power of pone and sword for ever ? There is no hope of reform . Wealth does not relax its graappower does not give up its privileges , and when did either care for right ? Every day the case of the Eng-
Untitled Article
lish labourer and ( he Irish peasant grows more hopeless . 1 « , this year , there are 8 , 000 , 000 of the Irish , with not enough even of roots to eat , In ten yean mare the number will be Increased . If at this moment startation stares in the face of minions of English artisans , where is the hope of batter times , ? For years they have been hoping for reform . In allowing tne Tories to gain the ascendancy , they tried the very last'experiment . No temporising polioy will serve' them ¦ ¦ ¦
longer . . . ¦ - . - -, ¦ - ,. . •¦ , \ ..: , - •¦ . - ¦ . - ¦ :- >; "The day that the people of England rise up and with their own strong hands take the rights ) they can never peacefully attain , that day shall we think better of humanity , Endutanee of wrong la no virtue . He who submit * to fraud Is Its accessory . Man has no right to "be wronged . A small evil may be endured , as the inly meant ot attaining a great good , as for the sake of a cure we may submit to an operation , but then theevilbecomes a portion of the good .
" It is unjustto the people « f England , the descendants of oar common ancestors , to suppose that ten years more can pass without a revolution . Heaven grant that it may be a bloodless one . " It would indeed , as our transatlantic friend says , be an insult to the peoplv , to their sense of feeling , and their discernment of moral right and duty , to suppose that another ten years covld pass without seeing an end of the system of iniquity which has brought us into this condition . The revolution must
come—it will come : and we have all confidence in the long suffering whioh has so far stayed the arm of vengeance that it will be bloodless . The people are not now to be led in the wake of the " base , bloody , and brutal" panderers to outrage and arson for the support of party . The tocsin has been sounded more than once by the villanoua Whig press ; but it has met with no response . They have hoisted tbe standard of M bread or blood ! " They have cried " hurrah for the barricades 1 " and would now " egg on" the inoendiary to a career of madness , pointing out Buckingham Palace and the British Museum as proper objects for bis destructive agency ! and all for the last desperate hope that out of the wreck some plank or oask may be seized hold of , on which
the drowning rats of Whiggery may float again upon the surface of the troubled waters . Their demoniacal devices will be frustrated . The people will not be thus befooled . They will pursue unhesitatingly and incessantly the one object—the Charter of their rights ; they will meet , expose , and trample upon , all the By ran sophistries of faction ; they will concentrate their energies , unite their efforts , and make known their moral might . Tyranny and all its manifold ramifications of oppressive legislation and social injustice shall be made quietly , speedily , and permanently to give place to justice and its consequent equality and prosperity , by a moral and enlightened people who have learned wisdom from the harshest but the most efficient of all teachersbitter experience .
We never remember to have seen faction so fairly at its wit ' s end as it seems now to be . All that rampant malice and ruling hatred could effect , has been tried and found wanting of the required force to beat down the rising intelligence of the people . Canning now takes its place ; and while the Sun , the Globe , the Chronicle , and all the crew of dastards seek artfully to urge the starving people to violence under the banner of a big loaf ; their agents and co-partners try an opposite diversion , by labouring to resuscitate the cry of physical and moral foroe ; and so divide our forces . Tho one experiment is just as futile as the other ; the Chartists of 1841 have left both schools far behind
them . We fancy , from a report given elsewhere of Mr . Brewsteb ' s " last struggle" in his own tows , that he has found the truth of this observation to his no small chagrin . New aooesssions to our moral powers are every day made , and despite the undeniable aggregate of suffering which now exists , we look forward with much confidence to the advent of liberty , in the establishment of just principles of legislation , as a euro remedy , whose operation on the body politic shall be permanently , if not suddenly , reviving , and shall bring back tbe wonted healthy and powerful dovelopement of character in " Old England—the land of thfc brave and the free . "
Untitled Article
THE LAND I THE LAND ! 1 THE LAND !! I Aa mankind beoome more enlightened to know their real interests , they will esteem the value of agriculture ; they will find it is their natural—their destined occupation . —Menial Recreations , Article B . We have often been astonished at the indifference with which all matters relating to agriculture , and the land , are received amongst the population of our manufacturing towns . This indifference , no doubt , is in great part owing to the studious efforts of the anti-Corn Law League , whose constant effort and aim it is to draw the attention of the people from that most vital subject the capability of the toil , of giving employment to the surplus population created by machinery .
Any one would suppose from the utter want of knowledge and contempt of data displayed by the manufacturers , and their lecturing agents , in their crusade against agriculture , that they had never seen a green field or an acre of wheat in their lives . How often , and how perseveringly it Is asserted that" England can never , under any clrcnmstances , grow enough corn for her own consumption . "—that she must always remain an importing country , and " that corn can be produced cheaper and better on the continent than here . " These and many other like statements have been published by every Whig paper—repeated by every spouting anti-Corn Law lecturer , and enlarged upon at every
hole-and-corner demonstration , until some people have actually begun to look upon them aa ascertained facts ! Mr . O'Connor ' s letters nave done much towards exposing the falseness and hollowness of these fallacies , but a great deal yet remains to be done ; a vast amount of prejudice has yet to be removed . One of the chief points urged by the advocates of a repeal of the Corn Laws , is "the impossibility of the limited soil of this country producing enough food for an increasing population . " They refer us to the yearly importations of foreign grain ( averaging from one million to fifteen hundred thousand quarters ) and ask "if these are not strong proofs of the impracticability of England ' s growing enough corn for her own
consumption ? " Now , with all due deference to thsae gentleman , we must beg leave to inform them that they prove no such thing . Our not having hitherto produced enough wheat for our own consumption , does not prove that we cannot do so ; but that there is something deficient in our system of cultivation . It is well known that for years past the principal part of the land has been gradually getting into the hands of the large proprietors ; these think it their interest to let the land in as large portions aa possible ; these large farms are often taken by persons without the requisite capital , and consequently are very seldom half cultivated . To show the present condition of agriculture in England , and what it might be under a proper system , we will hero give an extract from a well-known pamphlet , * reviewed in Tait'a October number . : —
" Of the seventy-six millions of statute acres in the United kingdom , there are about twenty-six millions remaining in waste and sheep walks . Of the other fifty millions there are about thirty-two millions in natural grass , and only eighteen millions in tillage ; that is to say , little more tfrm one acre In tillage to two acres In grass ; or , in other words , that hi every three acres only one is on . tivated . We know , in a general way , that in the populous parts of Germany , the proportion of grass-land to the arable is about one acre in seven or eight acres . We know also , in a general way , that in tbe populous parts of Italy , the proportion of grass-land to the arable is about one acre in
every twelve or fourteen acres . In France , statistics have bean more studied , and we know from the official cadastre , orinodern Doomsday Book , that the proportion of Und cultivated by the plough , spade , or hoe , is seven acre * in eight , leaving only one acre in natural grass . The Duke of Buckingham estimates the products of land , in tillage , at five-fold what the same land would yield in grass . His Grace , unwilling to overstate bis argument , has , in fact , understated it ; for five-fold , six-fold , or more , might be stated on lauds of superior quality . Much meadow land , if broken up ,
would yield , with toss expense of culture than a poor soil , thirty bushels of whoa * per acre ; on other products , of proportionate value , whether in either corn , in pulse , in roots , or in artificial grasses , each as clover , linseed , and others . This supposes about four thousand pounds of bread from the ploughed aero , against somewhere about , or less , than two hundred pounds of meat , or ita equivalent , in cheese , butter , * & from , tba same acre in grass . But we will adhere , for the present , to the admitted estimate of a four-fold pro portion , the amount will then stand as follows : In England , thirty acres of grass land { produce thirty
Untitled Article
two parts , and eighteen acres In tillage , estimated to yield four-fold , produce seventy-two parts ; in all , one hundred and four parts from fifty aerea . In Franoe , om aer » of grass land produces one part , and seven ocr » ta tillage , estimated to yield four-fold , twentyeight parts ; in all , twenty-nine parts from eight acres ; that is to «* y , one hundred and eighty-one parts « tom fifty smb . "; - ; - ¦ - > ¦¦ . ¦ ¦• ¦ ; ¦ ¦ - . ¦ ¦ ¦; . ¦ :: ¦ ¦ , ¦ .- > : - . - .. - To prove thai this writei hM not orer-stated the roUttY * proportion of grass to arable land in this conntry , we give a few farm statistic * , which have been mdsited flrom practical agriculturists in different parts efW'country : ^' ' : ; "' - ' ¦ ' : ' " '' ¦¦ ¦
;¦ ;; . ; ; ' . ; ¦ ' " /; viRai . ' - y - ' In a farm , of 200 acres , Rugel « y , Staffordshire , the relative proportion of whsat , ** stood thus— - Wheat " ... ' ... v » . " '•• ¦ ''•• J ¦ «•• ' 24 " acres . - Barley and oabs ... ... ' ... ... 30 . '' Turnips , cabbages , and potatoes IS Fallow ... ... ... ..... ... II In grass ...... ...... 120 ¦ ¦>¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ . •¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ' ¦ ' ¦¦ , ' 200 Thisli the general average in this and the neighbouring ' counties . '
. . ,: ¦ .- . . .. ; .: : , SECOND . .. ; ., . . ¦ ¦ . . A farm of 160 acres , Ballam-m-Westby , Lancashire Wheat ... ... ... ... 13 acres . Oats and beans ... ... ... ... 36 Turnips and potatoes ... 1 * £ . Fallow 15 ; Pasture ... ... ... ... 63 £ Clover seeds 18
160 1 H 1 BD . A farm ef 91 acres , Lytham , Lancashire . Wheat ... 10 acres . Oats and Barley ... 20 Turnips and Peas ... ... ... ... 8 Fallow ... ... ... 0 ' Grass , ... 34 Clover seeds ... 19 91 The tenants of these farms gained prists » t , the last Lytham agricultural meeting , so they may be taken aa very fair specimens of the farms in Lancashire .
FOURTH . A small farm of 23 acres , Syleham , Suffolk . Wheat 6 acres . Fallow 3 Barley ... 5 Clover 3 Beans and Peas 5 Grass l
Total 23 From these statistics ( and many others of the rame kind , which it would take up too much space to insert ) it appears that , in many cases , one half of the land farmed is left entirely out of cultivation , and that as the farm increases in size so does the quantity of wheat grown diminish . If the farm of 200 acres , in Staffordshire was divided into farms of 20 acres each , the land would produce 56 acres of wheat instead of 24 , or more than double ; the farm of 160 acres in Lancashire would have 42 acres instead of 13 , or three times as much . This statement supposes that the present system of cropping and fallowing was continued ; under an improved system the land might be made to produce sixfold and sevenfold what It doss at present .
To prove that the system adopted in England is bad , and that a much better one might be carried out , we close this article with two or three extracts from Chambers * Tour in Belgium . The extracts are rather long , but their importance will , make amends for the space occupied . After portraying the manner , customs , < 5 tc . of the inhabitants ot Belgium , Mr . Chambers goes on thus to describe the state of agriculture in that country . " It has been ascertained by minute statistical inquiry that the agricultural population of Belgium are at this moment among the moat contented , virtuous , and generally-comfortable peasantry in the world . The farms are for the most part of a * small size , just sufficient to pay a moderate rent , and support
a family in a humble but decent manner . The greater part of the Inhabitants are renters and cultivators of land to tbe extent of five or six acres each family ; and this with a cottage and garden , is quite enough to render them comfortable . They are all Roman Catholics , and are exceedingly devont Their piety , however , does not render them gloomy and morose ; they have fifteen holidays throughout the year exclusive of Sundays ; and these they partly devote to dancing , and out door amusements . The food of thh cheerful , industrious , and religions people is of a vtiy simple kind . It consists of coffee with bread early in the morning ; bread , batter , cheese , at nine o ' clock ; potatoes with lard at noon ; in the evening , a salad with bread ; and sometimes a little beer . "
Conversing with M . le Compto Arrevebend , on the state of crime in Belgium , Mr . Chambers was informed by that gentleman , " That he had resided for eleven yean in a village called Guesbeck , in the province ot Brabant , containing three hundred and sixty-four inhabitants , and that during the whole of that period neither a crime nor a culpable indiscretion had been committed . " Mr . Chambers here goes on to quote from the report of Georgtt Nicholla , Esq ., the parliamentary commissioner sent out by the Whigs to inquire into the condition of the lubouring population of Belgium : — " Mr . Nicholls , in his third report to the House of Commons , says : —
"The extensive manufactures which at no very remote period flourished in Belgium , appear to have congr ? jsrated a numerous population of artizans in and mound the great towns . Aa the scene of manufacturing industry changed , this population was deprived of its means , of its handicraft employment , and was compelled to resort to the cultivation of the soil for subsistence . This seems to have been the chief , though net the sole , origin of the system of the small farms , which still prevail , and which are cultivated by the holder and his family , generally without other assistance . The farms in Belgium very rarely exceed one huui ' . red acres .
"The number containing fifty acres is not great ; those of thirty and twenty acres are more numerous ; but the number of holdings from five to ten and twenty acres is very considerable , especially those of . smaller extent ; and to these I chiefly confined my inquiries . The farms of from five to ten acras , which abound in many parts of Belgium , closely resemble the small holdings in Ireland ; but the small Irish cultivator exists in a state of miserable privation of the common comforts and conveniences of a civilised life , while the Belgian farmer enjoys a large portion of those comforts . The houses of the small cultivators in Belgium , are generally substantially built , and in good repair ;
they have commonly a sleeping-room in the attio , and closets for beds connected with the lower apartment , which is convenient in sis *; a small cellarage for the dairy , and Btore for the grain , as well as an oven , and an outhouse for the potatoes , with a roomy cattle ^ tall , piggery , and poultry loft . The house generally contains decent furniture , tbe bedding sufficient in quantity ; and , although the scrupulous neatness of the Dutch , may not be everywhere observable , an air of comfort , and propriety pervades the whole establishment The premises Were kept in neat and compact order , and the family were decently clad , none of them were ragged or alovenly , even when their dress consisted of the coarsest materials . The diet consists , to a great extent , of rye-bread and milk , the dinner being usually composed of potatoes and onions , with the
addition of some pounded bam er slices of bacon . The quantity of new wheaten bread consumed , did not appear to be considerable . In the greater part of the flat country of Belgium , the soil is light and sandy and easily worked , but its productive powers are certainly inferior to ( he general soili of Ireland , and the climate does not appear to be superior . To the soil and climate , therefore , the Belgian does not owe his superority in comfort and position over the Irish cultivator . The difference is rather to be found in the system « f cultivation pursued by the small formers of Belgium , and hi the babita of economy and forethought of the people . " The cultivation of the small farms in Belgium differs from the Irish—1 st , in the quantity of stall-fed slock which w kepi , and by which a supply qf tnasture is re $ wlarly secured ;
" 2 d—In lh » ilrict allgnHon paid to the collecting of manure , which itnrni skilfully managed ; " ii ^ BytheadoplionofatyslemqfntatimofJive , six , or seven successive crops , even in the smallest farms which is instriking contrast with theplan of cropping and fallowing the land prevalent in Ireland . " In the farms of six acres we found no plough , horse , or cart > the only agricultural implement besides the spade , fork , and wheelbarrow , which we observed
. , was a light wooden barrow , which might be draggod by the hand . The farmer bad no assistance besides that of his wife « d children , excepting sometimes in harvest , when we found he occasionally obtained the assistance of a neighbour , or hired a labourer at a franc aday- The whole of tbe toad fa dug with the spade , and twnched Vary deep but as the soil is light , tbe labour of digging Uno
Untitled Article
" The stock in the small farms which we examined consisted of a couple of cows , a calf or two , one or two pigs , ' sometimes a goat or two , and some poultry . ih « cows are altogether stall-fed , on star * w , turnips , clover rye , vetches , carrots , potatoes , and a kind of sottp m * by boiling up potatoes , peas , beans , bran , cut hay , \ t Into one mess , and which , being given -warm , is nig j . ba very wholesome , and , to ' promttto tho secretion <* milk . In some districts toe grains of the breweries im distilleries are used for tbe cattle . No portion oi THB FARM IS ALLOWED TO BE FALLOW , but Uh divided into six or seven small plots , on each of which .
system of rotation is adopted , and Una , vnth the aid ^ manure , the powers cf the soil an maintained unaehauttM in a state of constant activity , " The order of succession in the crops is various , bit we observed , In the Beveral farms which we visite ? plots appropriated to potatoes , wheat , barley , cW flax , rye , carrots , turnips or panmipa , vetches andnT for Immediate use as green food for cattle . The fl » grown is heckled and spun by the farmer ' s wife , chteft during the winter , and we were told that three week labour at the loom enabled them to weave inte cloth * the thread thus prepared .
" Tbe weavers are generally a distinct dan from tk small farmers , though the labourers ehitny supported h tbe loom commonly occupied about an acre of land , sotH times more , their labour upon the land alternating « & their tvorkaltheloom . "¦' - ' It was most gratifying to observe the comfort d » played in the whole economy of the households of to * small cultivators , and the respectability in which thn lived . As far as I could learn , there was ho tendene ? to the sub-division of the small holdings . I heard ( J none under five acres held by tho class ef peasjg farmers , and six , seven , or eight acres is the more c % monsize . The common rent of land is 20 s . an acre . Q a Sick Club or Benefit Society were established ante * these people , so as to enable them , by mutual aseuna * to provide for the casualty ot sickness , these wouy BE LITTLE LBFT TO WISH POR Oft AMEND IN ? HU ) SOCIAL CONDITION . "
So ends Mr . Nichols ' s report . It proves most dg , dedly that the system of small farming is not nj , practicable , but advantageous ; and when condoe ^ on proper principles , has a great influence on the moot and condition of the people .
Untitled Article
* Action of tbe Corn Laws reviewed on the priai pies of a sound political economy , and of Coma * Sense . By the Author of letter * on ' < The Tim * , ' which , more than twenty years since , so mainly oonhj . buted to awaken public attention to the rabjt& London : —Saunderaand Otley , 1841 .
Untitled Article
The National Petition . —Our publisher , Mr . Hi son , has printed the National Petition for 18 ft on a neat sheet , for the purpose of being ettnsxvely distributed amongst those from whom stpjw lures are asked , that they may know for what tie , are signing . He is ready to supply them to i ^ Associations and to individuals atthefolloteki charges : —100 copies for 2 s ; 1 , 000 / ar I 5 t . pi tition sheets , of good strong paper , nied in four columns , and holding two hundred names win filled , may also be had , price C 2 d . auk
The Petition and sheets may also be hai from Mr . Cleave , London : and Mr . fl « . wood , Manchester . But in all cases the moixj must be sent in advance—the price being so ha as to preclude credit . IS * Messrs . Paton and Love , of Glasgow , appriu us that they have made arrangements with Mr , Hobsonfor the supply of our Scotch friendsuith sheets and petitions . Those in Scotland , tefw itquire them , will do well to make early application to these gentlemen .
TO AGENTS . The Parcels of Medals and of PoRnum . - Duringthe next few weeks we shall hate to mi parcels nearly to all parts of England and Scot land . In each case we shall endeavour to mi by the cheapest mode of conveyance , and iM be obliged to any agent who will point out tin best and cheapest mode of reaching him . Wt beg to call attention to this , that there may lew complaint afterwards . Those who will trpe rience any convenience from having Petitmt . ot
Sheets , or Poor Mans Almanack , or Mr . O'Connor ' s Pamphlet , or any other of our PubluWt Publications inclosed in their parcels , had belttr apprize him of the same in time . In all nd cases , however , he desires us to state that mauj must be sent with the order . The price q / Ai petitions and sheets are known ; and the allow ance upon the other goods to vendm , it 25 per cent ., therefore they can easily calculatt what the amount will be ; and in all c&sesgoodt to the amount of cash received will be sent .
Untitled Article
O'BEIKN PEESS FUND , 1 EBDS . £ . «¦ i Received of Mr . Hobson , treasurer of the Demonstration Committee , being part of the prooeds of . 21 the Soiree given to O'Connor ... «¦ Received from the ChartfaU « . j j Horbury , per Mr . Hick ¦
Qfc I$Ea&Tt$ Wnxf Cor Remittent*,
Qfc i $ ea&tt $ wnXf Cor remittent * ,
Untitled Article
John Thohson , Pastob of the Christian Cukust Church at Grkenock . —His letter shall appear in our next . Birmingham . —Hampton Ward Chabtisb .-IF 1 ( received no report from them last week . O'Bbien ' s Pbess Fond , Huddebsfield . —Wt an requested to state that the proceeds of tk O'Brien Festival , at Huddersfield , men £ 21 19 s . 2 d ., from which the expences being deducted , leave in hand a balance of £ 7 17 s . W , which was handed over to Mr . O'Brien and hit Press Fund Committee . Brighton O'Brien Press Committee . —Thou per sons having collecting books for the 0 'Brim
Press Fund , are requested to deliver them to tin committee on Wednesday evening next , wM such monies as they may have collected , pre paratory to the books being audited , and tht amount collected transmitted to Feargus ffQw nor , Esq ., the general treasurer . O'Brien Press Fond . —Mr . S . Marling , of Brigk ton , acknowledges the receipt of four sMUmgi from Arnold , nearNottingham , and 2 s . 6 d , from Calverton , near Arnold , for'the O'Brien Frw per Mr . Wm . Emmerson .
The Poets must really give us a little resptlt ; vt have loads of their obliging communications ««• looked at . James Collier . —We cannot insert the strange story he has sent us of a silk-agent and a female worker . If the circumstances be as he states , me advise him to send the letter to the em ployer o ] the filthy wretch , who is clearly unfit for Am situation . Christopher Wood . — We have no room . An Artizan . —His very long letter " To the Bntuh Youth" would occupy far too much of our
space . Wm . Wildgoose . —The Chartists of Mottram mst remember that we have only 48 columns for tin whole empire . Female Signatures to the National PKrrnos . - In reply to many letters upon this subject , ttt advise female signatures ts be kept on dutm sheets . Mb . R . Nicholls , Bradford , Wilts . —We eara » find space for his letter to the Cornish nen . ot speaks highly of their spirit and intelligence , ow concurs in the aeneral ontcrv for a missionary .
Messrs . James B . O'Brien and Henet Vincent art requested to communicate immediately w » Duncan Nicolson , 37 , East Norlh-strtei , Aberdeen . . Chimnbt Bribery . —A letter from Northutch staia that an over bearing Tory , whose chimney wa f ^ annoyance to some of his neighbours , V ^ , one of them to build it higher if he would m for the Tory party . The vote was given tout Tories on the faith of this promise , but ™ in ney has not been raised . Our correspond wishes for our opinion as to whether this w « case of briberv . We should sav ves ; and aw ?
him te prosecute If he succeed the Tory tew " punished for bribery , as he ought to be . jf fail , he will be punished for accepting the orw , as he ought to be . ^ Duffield . —We cannot insert the atlae * ° "" policeman sent us . However true tt **!/ fact , it is a gross libel in law . . Vm u , Charles Davies , Scockport , apologizes to ""^^ friends for disappointing them on the o" > ««•• Sickness was the cause of his doing ¦«• . . i ^ W . Pedley wishes to impress upon the Ch-a •/«* »» f generally , the necessity of supporting the iw ^ tive . He says , and very properly , 'W % $ , this it is only necessary that the mIt ° J ^ National Charter Association should be cam * out in every locality . ¦ , _ j . York Jtouu Chartists .- ^ . Stallwood ut ** "I the following note . — "Sir ,-The ; g * J York do not think you are quite so 9 a , " 7 X ge should be , seeing that you neither * iuer ! r' It u communication , or announced the recepr ~" ru ? last week . —Truly yours , Edmund Staliww * We know not to what communication m * V _ , refer . Wehave received none ; " £ * & ation
mat any sucn communic « w «""¦ - at this office at all . Co * TflAD ? CaFPERKT , BAIiAGHADISaB" ™ ' ^ W Mayot Ireland , begs to acknowledge fto ™* s ofhme Stars , on on \ of which were the ««¦¦» ** W . B . Darlington , " , „ uMth Ctunbuhn .- /» the notice of Mr . Po * f * ^ at this place , inserted in our last , the »«? " £$ the audience was accidentally pnntta instead of 1200 . . uiMirld E * BATUK .- / n Mr . Barney ' s ^ . ff *^ for " Ashby Poor-house , " read . « dshover rv home .
Untitled Article
__ 4 THE NORTHKEN STAfR . _ :
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 27, 1841, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct406/page/4/
-