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MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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=== ^ f ^ J 7 t . GEORGE WHITE . ( Continued from our sixth page . ) _ , _ , , L would as soon hare expected to be riP * J BsJi 3 r ., Y ) haTe been made magistrates . After t * ^" " ^ , ! be 5 d offrred bail , -which tbe magistrates t * * j ^ tlie and he bad suffered eleven weeks ' ^ < rdasec ^ f 0 T ^ , j ^ .,,, ^ tDe madium of tfcis e : > nrt , i' ' *^ Ws ' >« ? ; e ( L Tfcat > V enr ? red > Wa * a t ; - ^ . i-r ' en * wd of these men . It was imputed to p dd ' -f w ^ j tol d the people to use force , bat he turn *»* rTpstfc-cj of the sort It appaared that , t * i ux'd ties ^ ^ vzz , anything would do to catch b ^ ' ^ fta : & ¦ * r ^ osecntiOD woal ( 1 ndt & 3 ter ^ is , Cmf- *' ' ^; » s parcel rf downright Donsens ^ j rlncr ^ , - j ^ j j ^ pT 0 Tea » gain » t him . Snch lan-- '' "fiWii pr Ted by a foolish -woman of Tery P ^* * T&r-er He had complied -with the
v- , v ' ***** * & m&c- ^« - 6 ad had prevented say prt > - rJ >* 7 > : p . p'i-e . Tfie only real charge against him tJrt "t-t be b ? ld certain political opinions . He ** s . ^^ , ^^ 8 } r . ren the time of the Cours by m ^ kir . * * ^ ' '' rf * *^ - nothing . He trusted the prrjud : ca i . •*'• " ?" T .- ^ •; . ¦; be br- ^ u ^ h * . forward to puniih a i "* l , v ^< r-t bc-= " ! iuiityc'f any crime He would ' ' u -7 ^ - • •* ti .-vrinciplrs ; ft " -d if any oec nip-5
i' -j" » , " ) - ' £ ¦ ¦> ¦ ¦ " " . ii- would fi - J that he h » d got ?* iVtfce " vnCr . « " "" - As fsr ** bU triil W 39 c ;> a ' * i hett n : r : > ' •) S doae justice to bis own f » = ei-- - *¦ - . ' j . , „? tj < peak in the hkhtst terms of £ ** * ' " t- Jr ' > B * hi had acted in the incut cp-^ vlr- r /" ^ t = d soured him that he aid not ' "^ ^ f t tr ' -aZz : him at the time , becocse there was ^ gW we- ^™ edition for him in Wa-. w ' ck G < r-^ ' ^ t diu mU ' frcwnant Hs hoped their Lord-£ L waU J < K-k -J P ™ hlin . cot M * inan who wL ' ' *^ - * 1 ST person , bat who -wanted to see-justice w sj * -- ^ -Jt ~ - He belieT 8 d ^ tbe G-vTcrnmont ^ iKO'diag to the wisii of the great mass of tae ^' riTtln times tbe amount of weah . li would be pro-1 Ye worsin ?
' in the to 30- lce 7 ^ oalQ s ^ as ***! 'V means of carrying oat theii resources , aid \ fZ ^ zj woc ^ a be a perfect paradise . If to have a ¦ , ITCh for » i' Miow-creatures were a crime , ! f irttfccm puaiih him . WhsteTer might be fcis J 7 * . " ^" ' . d fc . Eticne to hold Chartist principles . ci *' ifc ; Bll cj » lsaTe himself in the hands of the C *^ T ^ -r-ast Ai'iM * Mr . Hill , and Mt . Waddingthe Cornt in uf
. 1 - K-jxi to s ii-ss aggraTarcn : ' ] & . *?•* ' Ti ' l > --r ( 3 sQ -P 'were a' 5 Pare tbi ! Bt ^ e ^ fin qiKEca the rrustry was in a state of tae ^ i » es : ij ^ mrEt . snd tbe defendant had taien ad-.. ' -e oJ ^ Cxit ticitensent to arouse the minds of the Ti . jg j jir thria r . p to mischief and acts of TiofCj ^ isd i : f- detmed to be absolutely necessary ; o !^ 5 esfe * e defer-dant , &s he was a Tery actWe L j ^ s . sr . ? Teiy strong language . He had also i « sd piie&ris , one of which was to this effect : —
' CaraTJ the men cf the > orth have struct work rvj necpk are beicg rauricred ! Attend at Daddeetonf 7 a . 'iasEt ! a ^ me in year thousands . ' " j ^ i ^ g ^ js ; had also written the following letter to Cc ?« :-jhs Cx > peT ,- ~ We are in stremendona ctate of ex-CjarDi fcrre—military , pensioners , police , spec al jasaiej . acnoa , and Qod knows what , is bein ^ x ^ td iEto ivquisition . Starge and O Neill sold as
c Saadij . i ^ l brct * op a meeting which they call&d a . ? -a to def-. it oars of the following day . Csoper , asit DtTrr ws 5 rretcr rascals than tfcfy h&Te proved jsastiTd . ( Set tbe Star of Saturday . ) We held ,-i . - me 11 = 1 ! ia ot £ inee of prociamBtions , erposiuia-2 X * , Mid thread from the magistrates . They coTer « rd rni i « tos-rwir rith police , but we ordertd the peop : t to fcJfT cs , ud held a meeting of 40 006 , ttten earned tae Qurter amidst thundering cheers
' ¦ I torn * to teil you that my house h&s been tsstr . -1-aiai wit& police tkese two nights , and that n ? amt is aoed fM my apprehension . I have neverth ? le » s Ei . tt * d with the * oT « r = ira people , and addressed them s . druaoe of tbeir irarrsnt . We shall meet a * a in t- » - Ei | Vi . si « 3 no mii ' -tke . There was some u ^ iy work htSE'fti ; my boij- ^ aird chucked a r » w lobster into •^ - astL 1 wouid nlber than £ 10 we bad you here to i ~( "Spr ead tbe Charter . " 1 exptet to be landed in ¥ » : » itt frjal bcf . re S ^ orday ; bat dear Cooper , 6 r 5 rT itu » hii ^ -rfais ¦ & I have made up my mind t tiad fcy our g : orioos motto , ' The People's Caaxter , udMHrreeder . " Your democratic brother , G . White .
"^ Tesie rttticg on gloriously here . O'Neill and « ars « h * Te rianiTip : themssWfes . " i ; ae of the meeUEgs he bad told the mob that the r £ stJ &jT = rti 3 j- ct niUit be done aw ^ y wiih . If ij eA b's sdyice , their wires should wear silk gowns be '» : jsheK : njn ! er waa orer . It wa » considered right to pDBOtc the defendant , and he had been feu ad pS ; , iad was now brought up to receive the judg-B 3 » af tbe Court . Mi JsiSee Pattesos then proceeded to pass senisestpoB thfidfcftoiuaut . He hid betn tried at Wart- ^ L , jEi eoETicted cp ^> n three counts of the iaaict-Eat rt-3 the 6 Tiderce the jory were satisfied that at of
I . r _; b .: Veen c ^ mmittexl any one meetings -, Krtii ibere tnything in the character of those m-uihp vhidi tdzzientlj led them to the conclusion that iey Ttrt okwfia assem&lies ; therefore he ttfce W = aCii :, bad been acquitted upon those parts of the isiitsasis . Bat it was to Be leeoliec ^ d that altbourb '• in vjtet for wtieh it was assembled might not have bets EEiwfal , and therefore a man who had Ukrn j « r . a sail a mtxtizg might be ttqnitted of unlawful * aarlii £ ; ja the way in which indiriduals conducted i ^ attTa ii those meeting migbt still be the subject ^» FKasettion , -rz , for the lacgus ^ e osed on that ccsesq . fig ( the defendant ) had stated to the
Cent be eoold not conctiTe why be bad been te * tki op bfcfor * that Court , Now when it was JKSwed to p 4 « s sentence npon him at the assizes , he fcswtf had objectel to its bein ? done , and had desired to » oe beft » 6 the Court of Quesn ' s Banch . He ? aid ht h » d been fpC 2 d gaflrv of Deing a Chartist . Now as : * m not the case ; Lbe charge was , that he hai Kias | i seditioos language at the meetings—language ^ " ^ ed to txrite the people to act * of -violence , and * J ** ^ force tte constitnted aathoritiea of the *« Ki 7- He »» id he nad held Chartist meetings for s yea ? fmkms , tt ^ jjjyj neter ^ egjj inaitted or broof ht
fe * '> it magistrates for attending any cf those meet-£ » »¦ Ii * t was beciaac they were conducted in a qiiet f c ^ - " . sad the Uatuage which w » s nsed , although it E ^ Kbitebtsen of somewhat iifiimmHtory characier , J « » u &- *» o exciting as to call for the interftrenee « At ttShwitiea . Tbe charge in the indictment was , jw be attended to exrite aaa persuade large numbers « * a vattjzg classegind kboarerB to conspire together ^¦ « Me and lbBtain ^ jj , woriing ^ labonring in ! f ! f ?> eeST « trades , ftw the purp . ae of obtaining a ~~ £ . ti * law » au constitution of tile country—that ^ . ^ ^ Ka with which it was ch arged that he a Efc kfiBMe&Jt ont ; n thp Inrfictmant iinri
« ia * t « aab ! yjf that iBta-jfion were prored . it waa of - u- "" 1 ? 1 eiancter - Nothing conid be . more likely ~ Cr v * ° Woodthed and murtifcr aoi aU sotU « f miscT . : " * f _ ersr : an « People who were out of employiai ' o ? v iWBt pans of the wuntry , and who would kw " ^ * P cbei ja « t as mnch as if they were in the •^ cttrf ^ bbowhood . There was no donbt that » £ ? ^ k ttndtt ^^ circumstances , ready as they y& l *?*® 11 * ? depredation , wis in < . fiance of a ij ^/ r ^^ f ^ crip ^ on . He ; the defendaut ) seemed to ZT " ^ matter to hold language of this son to i ^ *?*™ persona It was by no means so ; it ^ autfthlf ^ lefi 0 as C 0 HSt < iaence ; it was by bfcginfc ; jjj . ^ " ^ " *** P » op '« e were led on to insurr « tion j . ^ ^ * Tiolenee ; mi although no violence took of ^ -r ^ l ^ " ' * hat was owing to the vigiiance
fe * -ffl . tae defendant ) , and all who heard him , to c Psatte ^ VS ! Vhat ^^ bad done they had been ^ J adeS ^ brm ? ing on the community Tery seri uus , St . * . ^ V . k TIPO 11 them ** «* ^ ery aerere panish-Sii ^ ^ * r "' ° tlcndant ) had stated that the magis- k £ baa Q ^^ Sd far from that > * proclamation tetna - ^ f 5 ^ Ma j «* i 7 on account of the di- . ^ RW ¦ eottntr 3 r ! «^ d th = magistrates , finain ^ fci kSh ^^ 11 ** litd be * n bfcld « aD < J tbBt the town toi l ^ I ^ ^ ^^ becoming in a Tery excited ^ e ^ Sto * * " ^^ Tery ProP" ^ pot forward Vt 4 v ^ v " . * Pcraona not to meet ; they io * . ' IT * SBting in their duty if they bad fcot Cia ^ ^ ™ defesdaut , if he were a iiocere j ^ aomg to promui gite the opinisns be entertiai eyti 4 a - TBB € nt ^ discussion , sbould , when at : Jr ^ 'J Pat forward , baTe seen that that wag * ^» tt 6 d fZ- ' PromQit » ting those principles , and " . asm rt « rl . * " while the csnntry was in that J Ibe Itej ^ nittead of that be took adTancage of it ' * ° ^ ii ^ ^ * wci distinct , no person could ' tAaiiz * ** Ter J seditious character . He ( the ** tBnHjBLi- * 1 * * ? e had nothing to do with . ? 7 for ** was
fcT ffl ^^ J > » ** S ** ge this :-^" atL *^ ind * tand fait together ; the 86 te » wk i * v * oat ' * nd are determbaed not to . ^^ Pt ^ fJ ^ ^ get their righU , and why | ? " *» ^ T B ' »« ham do tbe aame ? ' Htre ' **« W « att !^ ged ^ S ^ Dst him and proTed toi *^ to rrfe ^ ' no man reading it eould say ! * ** distin 2 :: V lbe " tnnw » t ; " nothing could j * *^ T ^ i ° wear - " We wUl hate a meeting ; ^ " * »« see tT ' ?* " lryi l » t the people of Bir- ^ ^ hs fHK y ^^ " > omethlng in Binning-1 ^ Hh the t ^ * ^ wia " » alk in procesaion j !?* »> the c ^ L " ^* Bpon Jo * to go for nothing i *» e 4 j « * Cr ? 5 * yen wiU stick to me , I am detei-* ** . »^ whr ^ me Charter . The collier . haTe ^^ to ba ^ ^ g 0 " ^^ tbem ? Tbey haTe deter-^* « C BirmT ^ right * ' Me " ^ y to 50 i ° the **» : « . « S ? *"' - - Tb * aeoond count is stui ^ **»« w&i « * , ^ = ' 'a prycl . mitiun put op , i ^ oe an hnFl ^" * 11013 at ths ame of the Bull- 1 Bto . u ^^* ! out th ** - v ,. -. _ . .. . ..... ' till
Jr Ka ° » thi » * x- — " aViU 1 > and ^ e iet ?« 5- > hiT . T : ^ . Proclamation sUU be to tbe same w ^^ ' bSe IT '' ' ? h = ccUiers sre aU oux f ' til '* " ^ til tv v' ; 'J t -= ^ ettrnaination tiiry will w ^ » iiiS - " " ^ ^ CbarteT - 2 byp ° v . ' ^ PUlsd » ; i ""'^ " ' ' ^ a fortnight you will £ *** £ , t ^ ' ¦ ' ** * U 1 be walkius tarvutb t * l ' v W ^ " - 5 lU wiU " P ^' -i " tlT , Kiir ^ i ^ ^ ' ^ id } c ^ cus 'i 1 ^ ^^ : v " : ii ciito-. , . " ° W' - > i- in 5 miBer / cle cor .-.:-^ - ti ; b , " ^ f * ; " = " Ca-tutted IO EiSfcr theo
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that would place them in a better situation . When he had spoken of bringing them in their jacket pockets , no one could doubt that he had meant some weapons It was clear that the inference was that force waa to be oppos-. d to any force adopted by the coiutitaied authorities . Under all the circumstancaa of the case V , e sentence of the Court would be that he should be iurprkoned in the Queen's Prison for eight months . It was nnderstood that the defendant was ordered to the Q-ieen's Prison , btcansa the gaol at Warwick was so fall that first class iniadcmeaaants could not be accommodittA . Tie defendant was then rtjeoved in the custody of Mr . Hester , the tipstaff of the court .
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be procured , and these perrons mast be actuated by the desiM of promoting the great objects contemplated , for , unless this be the case , it will be quite useless to attempt the formation of the society . The Srcretary also must bo well adapted for his offiss , for on the manner in which he performs the duties assigned him will very jnaterially depend the rapidity with which progress ia made ; for although nothing can long retard the progress of public opinion , yet the d-t-iils of an efficient organiz-iiiou , by which alone it cm be rendered effective , can only be cecnred by its beinj ; under the arrangement and controal of a si ngle mind cipable of comprehending the subject in all its bearings .
Much will also depend upon tke Missionaries being practical men , well acquainted with business , and capable of explaining the views and objects of the society to the pailie ; and these must be chosen withont any distinction as to class , sect , or paTty views , for the association must be one that will absorb all classes , sects , and parcies . and lead all forward towards the oVj-ct in view—tLat of rete : sii ; g ail from the great amount of vies , crime , and misery which now so abundantly prevails . If tlib time has arrived when the ereat bulk of the
p » op , e arc prepared to thir . k senou 3 ly on their condition , and to provide an effectual remedy for the evils under which th » -y labour , there is no doobt but tb « y may reariiJy accomplish the task , and a short time -null d > terniv . d •» nether this ia -he case or n « t . One thing , however , is Certain , that the pressure now placed upon us is every flay getting more severe ; that there is no oth-r mode of escape than the one proposed , namely , that of ident'fym £ all interests in one , and that if proper nitons he adapted to combine them , all the elements required for success fxtst most abundantly around ua on ail sides .
In my next letter I propose to enter Into some of the substantive Scivaura ^ es thai would b derived from the adopt : . n of Mr . O * en s Preliminary Charter , as the basis of a Btiongly united movement , and I shall endeavour to show tue ease with which it may be obtained , 8 ' wCuring , as it will , advantages for all I am , Sir , Yuur obedient servant . William Galpin . Harmony Hfi !! , neir Stoekbridge , Hants , May 8 , 1843 .
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THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , OF ALL THINGS MOST NECE > S \ RY IN AID OF OUR STRUGGLE FOR ThE CHARTER .
TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brave , though buanded BRE-TUEFf * . —The poverty and Teihed ess of our order—the sufleritig , mentally and physical y , of so many goo ° and true members ot out Association , hav * so impressed my mind with tho necessity of the above named society beiug established as part of our union to obtain the Charter , that I cannot remain si'fcQt thereon whilst I have an opportun ty wf addreising you , until all are as fuiJy coavinctd as myself of its necessity ^ nd practicability . It is with much pleasure I take tbo liberty of informing you that our zealous and laborious Editor , Mr . Hill , fully agrees in tkat necessity , and if I understand him right , intends to put forth a plan fur your approval , centatning aU that he deems advisable of my views , wherewith I have furnished him .
I am happy to perceive by the Star of April 29 , that Mr . Q-sIpin has published his adhesion to my propoaition , anil I doubt not when tbe plan itself is sent ftrth nth at true reformers will give it their willing assent and assistance , aad lhat the m j . rity of the working class wiil adopt it , and instruct their delegates to the next Convention , to embody with the new plan of Organisation , a National Benefit Society , tbe most efficient to their judgments , from tbe various plans that may there and then be presented . Brothers , —There ie do doubt bnt your attention will
be much absorbed in the question of purchasing land and locating thereon , but 1 must continue to direct yonr attention to the road thereto , the gap whereof I spake in a former letter . Bear in mird that that gap ia edged with thorns and briars , that the road to tbe land is paved with trials and troubles . Rtmeniber , if we are democrats , it is for the whole people , and for tbe very poor especially , that we must form our society , that all may -avail themselves of tbe btnefits and all aid according to their means , in effecting their own emancipation from poverty , premature death , and the cause thereof , class-made-laws .
And here I will give yon an idea of how I propose to meet tbe various circumstances of my poorer-fellows , and still give satisfaction to all , viz ., by a graduated teaie ot subscriptions , from one penny per week up to sixpence or higher , entitling the- member in case of need to a weekly income , corresponding with bis subscription , or employment at a fair remuneration for the society , which in time could be given , as under the bead of appropriation of the funds it is set forth that tbe funds shall be applied in tbe purchase of lands , building houses , workshops , Ac , and in sneh other operations as shall be determined on for tbe benefit of the society ; under this clause , may
come the whole pian of our proposed land and business operations upon which I purpose giving my opinion at a future time , being desirous of not overburdening your minds , that youiuay the betterdigest this the one great plan , which I submit to yon will compass all tbe oVjrcts that have been presented ts nece&sary to our future movement . Let us then bring our whole souls to the work , with a thorough determination to do ail that in our power lays to rid our fatbfr-land from the slough of misery in which class legislation has swamped it , and raise it by oar zeal , energy , and industry to that proud pinnacle of freedom and happiness to which it has never yet attained , and to which it never can attain without such a union of the sons of toiL Yours , in hope , Gracchus .
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TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Brothek Chartists , —We the members of the General Council of the National Charter Association resident in the Metropolis , taking Into consideration the propriety of immediate steps being taken for reorg&niz ' ng the Chartist body , do hereby urge upon you the necessity cf sending delegates to a conference to be held on Tuesday , May 23 rd , at the Political and Scientific Institution , 1 , Turn-again-lane , London . We have adopted this plan for the following reasons : — First—Because it is necessary that a conference should be held to ensure unanimity of feeling , and also that some known body should call it into existence .
Second—Because many good men who probably snjoy the confidence of their previous constituents will remain in London , and others will arrive at the time appointed , in order to receive their sentence from tbe Court of Qaeen ' s Bench . Taking advantage of this circumstance will save much expense ; and if these men are deprived of their liberty there will be consolation in feeling that their last act has been devoted to tbe strengthening and establishing the Chartist movement Pressing upon yon the necessity of immediate steps being taken , and desiring-your opinion through the medium of the ensuing week ' s Northern Star , We remain , yours , Thomas Mills , Chairman . Wm . Salmon , Secretary . P . S . Districts not in a condition to send delegates Cin bend written instructions , directed to the care of Thomas M . Wbteltr , 243 ^ , Temple Bar , London .
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EMIGRATION . WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . NOTES OF A 1 OT ) R THROUGH A PORTION OP CANADA , AND SEVERAL OF THE STATtS OF NORTH AMERICA , PAUTICULAULY THE OTATES OF MASSACHUSETTS , RHODE ISLAND , NEW V » RK , PENNSTLVANZA , OHIO , MICHIGAN . ILLINOIS . WISCONSIN . AND NEW JERSEY , » NDEiUA 4 CEN WITH A VIEW OF ASCERTAINING THE DESIR . AU 1 L 1 TV , OH OTHERWISE . OF EMIGRATION ; AND TO JUDGE OF THE liEST LOCATION , FOR ENGLISH EMIGRANTS , FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATION . BY LAWRENCE PITKETHLY , of Huddersfield . C Continued from our last iveeh ' s paper . ) JOURNAL—DESCRIPTION OF DUNKIRK , SANDUSKY . DETROIT , kc
SUNDAt , 21 f » t —I got up early this morning , and by appointment drove out with Mr . Spencer and his brother to the Indian settlement , some six or seven miles from Blttalo . We also dropa round the city , and in our course Mr . Spencer showed me some houses which had rested upon stone founauiions , but which hnd bt-en washed from their portion by the westerly windb upon the lake causing tho river to oveiflow its banks ; some of them -K \ -re standing -with broken backs in the mijoia-Ing meadows aud uncultivated fields . I was also shown the great extent of ground which had been marked out for streets . One spot Mr . Sptmcer showed me which he had pnrchased for the purpose of building a house upon , for which ha had paid 1 , 300 or 1 , 400 dollars , and which he would now gladly sell for 300 dollars . Such ia ths tffict of speculation and papar money .
We saw numbers of persons on their way to a camp meeting , which was to be faolden some twelve miles distant from the city . We aftorwards crosafd some fields in which cnttle were gnizins ; they were the roughest of any over which I ever remember a vehicle being driven . Ou a b « lght enst ^ ard of the town , and near the barracks , which < ve visited , fhe view was most charming . The uiornint ; being clear and fine , added greatly to the splendour of the scene . S ' . vur . gc as it may appear , the city extends over a large plain , covering a large apace , which is frequently overflowed with water , and where the bouses which are bailt of wood , are not unfriqiontly sot-n to fl ; at , while a large txt « nt of beautiful rismc slopes upon thu banks of the river are left , wholly unoccupied .
At Rochester , during th « speculation mania land w . ia sold at a hundrtd duJIara which would not now sell for more than twenty ; the s : ime ia the case here . At < iinncr , we had Mr . Kulsey , clerk to th « Chesapeake steamer , which trades regularly to Chicago . He had arriv . d from that place in the morning . He had arrived from that place in the morning . He gave me much useful information . In tho evening we were joined by Mr . Maolivy , ( Irish ) , wholesale grocer , Mr . Smith , ( Scotch ) , painter ; Mr . Burdett , ( Yankee ) , t + acher of music , and several others , who spent the evening with us . Mr . Kslsey bad brought some fine fruit and water melons , which vpj had for supper ; they were ihe first I had eatou ; and were brought by him from Cleveland , in Ohio .
Mr . Kelsay informed me tbat a great number of their summer passenger * were from the Southern States who coiue to the Ltikes for pleasure ; the bent boing so exceaalve that they find it advantageous to health 10 00 me here at this Reason . He was kind enough to e » y that he would take my trunk to Chicago , a distance of 1047 ra )! es , as 1 bad to travel through the State of Michigan , which would render it Very inconvenient to take it along with roe . This morniDg went on board the Sandueky steamer for Detroit ; the morr . ing was very fine and ail around wore a most pleasing aspect . The Kent , a British steamer of inferior etzi and bn'W , teft tbe port before us and proceeded towards the Canadian shore . We were directly off Fort Erie . The governor of the State of New York was on board the Hunt , or , a viBit toD .-. Bjtty , tbe father of the famous Youn £ Kofccius , wbo is now located on the verge of the Lake , iu Cauada , in the wilderness .
Keeping to the left , before we got to Dunkirk a distance of thirty miles , wi lost flight of the Canadian shore . Dunkirk is a small but handsome village , with two lighthouses and a landmark . It verges upon a small bay ; tbe shore flat And sandy , except wber ; a little rock jutted oat Tho woods were partially clenred . and t £ ie wooden ihuts were thinly spread , some few in small clusters , occupied by lndipns or fishermen , or pHfh : ip » both . Tne landscjpe gently < 1 fc >> ceii < lin !; to the water ' s edge , presented som * thiug like a splendid deer-park on nu extensive scale .
Tuesday . 23 rd . —Erie , in Pennsylvania , is a conaidprable viliage , but of v . * y l'ttle importance , As at Dunkirk , the breakwater is iu courae of repair . Opposite this place Is a consumable island , into which we entered through & narrow passage ii > the breakwater , which stretched into tbe said island , and having to retnrn in & » omewhat similar direction , it cnused n » to be mnoh ont of our course . We laDded at another small place during the night , called Comant , and at Astabula , near Cleveland , about half-past three ,
where we had to take in coal . I went into tbe town , par t of which is built on the Verge of the river , part upon tbe bank , aud part upon tho summit , where it is nearly level , bufc considerably elevated . Upuu the opposite bank ot the river stands Ohio city , which ia only a small place , but with some neat and shony buildings ; between ihis is the entrance to the Ohio and Erie canal , which forms a water comma ieation through tbe whole state of Ohio , and hich cmses a considerable trade to be carried on here , and also gives it additional importance .
We next landed at Grand River . Hsre I saw a person who bad sold a farm nt Mutt place and purchased another some twelve miles from CHICAGO , Illinois . He informed mo that a new law was passed which enabled a tuan to keep in defiance of his creditors , ten acres of land , two horses lor oxen ) a waggon , two cows , ten sheep , five hogs , farming utensils , a bed for every two cf the family , twenty-five doll are in cash , with five mouth ' s provisions , and sufficient bedding and ctothin ? . 1 next saw Mr . J . Bruckson , from North Adams , -ho had been working a printing machine there at
fourteen dollars a week . His engagement waa for a year ; bat soma Ratlisb . tn . en . carao to the piece and offered to do the work for half that sum . His employers therefore wished him to take ten dollars , Btat in «! that they conld not reduce the others unless lie was reduced along with them . He told them they might do as they thought proper with tbe others , but he should take no less ; and in ord r to come at their point they agreed to give him 100 dollars and his rent to leave . This Is one of the greatest curses of Emigration . This good man was previously prepared with 160 acres of land which he bad purchased in Michigan , and was on bis way to take possession of and cultivate it
Wednesday , 24 th . —Thore are many islands ; on tho south of this Lake of large extent , but little cleared ; there arc a few farms , but they are not in good condition . In the course of the forenoon we passed Huron , a pretty little place , with a pier and lighthouse . Much wheat is bought here , principally by agents , for Canada ; much of it is exported to England as of Canadian growth . We next got to Sandusky City , with its six inhabited islands . On the deck of the vessel I here met Judge E Lane . He had the appearance of an English farmer , in person and dress . He had jiiBt come to reside in this small place , in the neighbourhood of which he has much property . He had been a lawyer in Connecticut , and had married the Governor ' s daughter of that place , and afterwards attained his present station . Jadges in this country do not receive for salary baif us many dollars as ours do pounds .
Wheat was seventy-flve cents per bushel yestorfay ; to-day it is seventy-three cents , and it is expected to be seventy cents to-morrow . This plac « contain * about 2 , 000 Inhabitants . There fs a rather curious entrance by a narrow pass , near wbich stands a lighthouse \ o shew tbe way to Cedar Pond . We passed Marblehead lighthouse which stands upon a rock of that material on a large island . We next pass # d Cunningham Islands on our right , and approached Podding Bay islands , which appeared covered with wood ; but I learned tbat several good farms were upon them . I had here pointed ou * to me the island on which the Patriots defeated a strong British force much their superior in poin . at numbers and military equipment *
We soon came in sight of tbe Canadian shore , and entered the river , or rspids of St . Ciair . The shore is flat and sandy . The slopes aro beautiful , and , with tbe woods , present a rich appoumuce . On the Ohio side we pissed a small port . A bout twelve miles further , od an island , about £ 04 yards from the British shore , stands a lighthouse , nearly opposite which ia Fort Maid on . The bland belongs to the British , and the Fort is oenpied by a rifl-i corps . The Barracks form three sides of a square , with two bieintworks which are ont of repair . The viliage of Maldon contains about 1 50 * inhabitants . Lime-burning was carried on a little higher up . Hut far distant , thu river divides into two and sonaoiimes three streams ; there are large marshes on each side ot the river , and tbe islands in the middle are almost valueless .
All speak well of the Dutch settlers , in particular , and the Germans are much respected . The French are not industrious , and the British and Irish are dissipated . Such waa my information . Where the river flaws in one body , it seeins to be about three quarters of a mile in width . ' Dbtroit baa a floe appearance from the river . It is the capital of the State of Michigan . The main street ran * parallel with the river , and the rest of the streets run from the water ' s edge up a gently inclined plane . The main atreet is spacious , and well built , containing elegnnt and well-filled stores . The population numbers about 15 , 600 , and considerable business is carried on . Many splendid steam-vessels lay iu the river , and a crowd of craft of all » izsa and descriptions . A number of the passengers bad agreed to stay at tbe Steam-boat Hotel , from which a carriage and pp . ir of beautiful greys awaited our landing , also a waggon to convey oar luggage . There waa the same from every respectable Hotel in the city .
I had a letter of introduction to Col . Dolgrano Jones . He lives at a handsome vilia jusr out of the city , to wbich I immediately fastened , but found he waa not at home . I left my let-t r , wit ' . * tiiio n ;»"<• - ¦ of my h < tei , with Mrs . Jones , and rdu u- I : < j ..,-, > L ^ . - > , a . id toui > rt all my friends had sone to Ud . They had retired
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without taking brandy , wine , of any other hqu * rs , knowing that they must ba prepared for the several conveyances early in the moruing . I followed their example Thursday , 25 ^—Before I had got washed and dressed , I was honoured before fiv « o'clock , w > th a crwi from Colonel Jones , who expressed Ms regret thav hr was engaged to go seventy miles up the rup ds thif raoraingatsev < n . He informed me ho had niiic ' i j . irupcrty in Illinois nnd Wlnscensin ; and that a shut to-. vt-r in the mining districts belonged to him and otiiera , whfcre they m > i-.. ufactured a ton of shot a d y . The Colonel was intimately acquainted with the country to which 1 waa steering my course ; and had time permitted ho would have been mosfe happy to have given a !! th « iufjrmatiou in his power . We agreed that on my
return , I shoulit stay with him a day or two . Duriuu our conversation Miss Jones and a gentleman were wkMujj outside in a carriage ; he joined them and tlrov ? < ff ju a rattling pace . 1 was very soon r ^ ady , bad brv ; kf i 3 t , and wa ? driven to the railway station , where . I ai-riv . n-i at seven . Tiie trains do not siavt aa punctually as in E . inland . The .-it-jara-boat hotels aro most re .-psctabli' h-. uacs My ci > : i ; ' £ eat one for bfd and nrfc&kf'ASt was 37 £ c ntv 25 for tbfe letter , and 12 A for tha fovirer . Tbev i \ -ovu us in tho ciu-mce and conveyed tha luggnge w' -rv . u * . cbarge- I , being i ^ rae , cmiM not woar Bhoes ; r-ut * inveilfed in pluaij slippers , which required no cIim ^' ik ? . I saw cochawbsr nunJ ; the waiters were ihs In 'lor 1 and several others , who never thought of asking fur anything . Indeed there are no beggars here ; you pay the fare , and no one further molests you ,
At tiie railway station I paid my fare for CuiCaGO iu Illinois ; part by rail and much by stage , ami sixty miles crossing the Lake Michigan by s eam boat This I did on condition that I should Ft : iy wh-.: n tiad where I pleased on the way . The fare was ten lioiiars . Hu , d I : been aware , I couKl have purchased a sort of scrip libra , and wuli it paid my fare at one thirl less th-iu its j nominal value . I was too late in making thu dU- . covcry ; and a . Yankee who w « nfc with me nn ^ ev a ( blind to take that a . ilvan . tagft , was outwitted by tho ' clorfe . The scrfp ia a State bcrip , issued for thd completion of the railway , and cannot be ret'us » d im payment of passage . Many Yankees , " nharp" , are on the a ' . trt to make one-third , more or less , of a strange passenger .
Wo travelled on thia single line railway at tho rate of fifteen miles an hour , taking care to stop oft enoni / b for refreshment , with which I was greatly annoyed ; but the generality of the passengers seemed to vie with each otLer in gormandising at every halt . , The country from Detroit is very flat ; water g ^ n * - j rally standing stagnant on the sides of the railway . 1 There aro partial clearings and log huts . Much of the oats and Indian corn are- not worth cutting , twin ;; J nearly covered with weeds . The rails are bad and ; uneven ; there are no fences , aud the paco had Ire- I quently to be slackened in consequence of the cuttle I feeding upon tbe line , which if we bad run foul of , J would "have upset us . Pigs were more plentiful in our way than we desired . I observed a field of flax ; th > : ; first I had s : en since I landed . j
Yps-ilantf is thirty miles from Detroit , conta'tjing a population of 2 , 0 * 0 . The houses are principally painted white and pleaBr . utly scattered over the green tietds . A person namorl Lazatier is erecting a woollen j factory ai this place . There are seven tnildings h'oii ; g ; forwatd and several puUlio works . I had not time to , obtain particulars , but the appearance bespeaks energy , taste and capital . Two sUge coaches awaited our ai rival but I did not learn their destination . A creek supplies water power to the machinery . I observed sheep trucks , aad persons engaged in roll
ing tbe land ou the eage of the Creek , along wmch we travelled for some miles . We had a perfcot straight line , of railway , with very little cutting , from Detroit to YpsilaNTI ; uow it was circuitous with many cuttings ; entiiely gsavul with very thin soil . Much of the wood J was cut do ^ n , yet much underwosd remained . A few , juilea from Ypsjlanti a large mill was in course of erection which was roofed , but had not the windows in . The landj seemed dryer and better cultivated as we , proceeded ; there w « re many beautiful farms , and j ex'eiisive brick-works where ox- ^ n were employed in j mixing tbe sand and clay . I
ANN ARUOR is six miles from YPSltANTl ; popular tion 1 , 000 . Tbts Creek iuds through tbi » place , the banks of which are beautiful . There is some low I marshy land and a few town-like buildings . Some iron is also manufactured here . Scio is a small place with fl > ur and saw mills ; popu- ' lation 200 . Some litt . ' e moriss . ' Dexter has a population of from 3 to 400 . The ' banks here asaimulate to the old country . 1 otestrved j a small prairie , and saw rooks , the same as we have in England . j Leoni is a very small but neat place , with very fine '] high rolling land in the neighbourhood j there are aho j some cle&rincs .
Jackson has a population of 400 . It has a large State prison . Here the railway terminates . I nn '' e ; i short stay , then mounted a stage coach , taking my ser . t by the qide of the driver . The day was very hot , and when we started the road was very steep , with dry sand ; and as we proceeded up a hill we were all but stopped , particularly on the summit , by the immense qunntity of dust We then doaocaded a precipice at a most alarming speed . The ro ; il was generally tf tbia description iu thia neighbourhood , without form , but Vy no me . ins void of stumps of trees . Brushwood very often touched the traces ; while large block * of stono and hillj of earth bound together by roots were frequently met with . The rnts for the wheels were uneven and deep , while the trail for the horses was a moat unseemly f . ffiir .
Tha full excellencies of this road , however , we oil not discover until we come to the Corduroy Bridges wbieu often occur , when a creek , a river , or a marsh has to be creased . They are formed by driving large trunks of trees into the ground at stated places , on the top of wh ' ch they affix other large trees , transrergely ; and on these ore rolled otber trunks of trees to form tho roar ! . No regard is paid to the relative sizs of these tre a ; here you have one some eighteen Inches io diameter , and the next some nine or twelve , and this too without a hatchet being pat to them to flatten them . This sort of way we sometimes had for hundreds of yards together The unevenness , the jolting , and the slipping of the horses' feet from want of secure footing caused me involuntarily to say tbat no better means could posaiblj have been devised to shake soul and body asunder .
At short stages , the horges and cabmen were changed . Some of tbe drivers I found , to a cfrtaii : degree conversible ; but all were very guarded , short , and dry in their expressions . All agreed tbat the roads were now at the very best ; and that they would b < - infinitely worse in the autumn , when people being afraid of travelling by the lakes , because of tho storms , would crowd the stages . We passed through a Very fine country , wlta some wet prairies . In three houvg we trailed from Jamestown toSMiTHFiELD . being sometimes in the bush , then rnuning foul of treeE—for we passed through forests in our track—next a bridge , then an hill , and last a precipice , on descending -which with break-neck speed , we sunk in a pool of stagnant water , tbe vehicle tottering most alarming , and every moment in danger of being overturned .
Albion has a population of 300 . A large Methodist Seminary is building here , and there is alsea fl Mir mill and a few stores . The mill stands on ibo river Kalahazoo , which we crossed by a large wooden bridge , not of the corduroy kind , but covered with planks instead of round stumps of treea . The banks of the river are very picturesque . The country is formed of fine sloping banks with rolling prairies aud ouk openings . The buildings in the village are neat and clean . Six miles from Albion is the small village of Marlage . It f ' oes not contain more than twenty houses , yet there are some flue flour mills . We changed horses hero , at Manyard ' s Inn .
We next arrived at Marshall—Michigan centre . The population amounts to about one thousand five hundred . It his some good stores . The Marshall house is a spacious hotel . There is likewise a handsome Court-house , a few good looking villas , and many well-built dwelling houses . It is expected that this place will soon be constituted the capital of tbe State , being the centre , and , of course , the most convenient and proper . Near the place is a good free-stone quarry , and a mill with machinery for cloth-dressiDg and wool-carding is about being put in operation . There we also in this place ft UnBeed-mill , two sawmills , and two flour mills , all worked by water power ;
and they are dinging for the erection of others . Tbe railway from Deiboit is to pass here , and is expected to be completed , so far , in about a year . The coach stopped at the Marshall-house , and on alighting I immediately made inquiry for a conveyance to Chester . While duing so I met with two Scotchmen , who wtmt and fouiid a third One of them kuew me as a Ciiattist at Glasgow . His name Is Eben « z « Ajaderson , by trade a mason , Ha told me he had been enly two months in tbo place ; tbat hia wagea were two doliara per day ; tbat he had got a quarter of an acre plot in the town , and tbat in a fortnight he would have a new house npon it He also told me he bad been offered fifty acres of land for a verge watch .
Another of the Scotchmen was a person named Jonas Walkenshaw . He waa from Locbgelly , in Fifeshire ; he had a wife and four children , and worked ou tbe railway . He liked the country , but would advise no one to go . He had got money , and was purchasing scrip of the Irish labourers , who , like himself , received it for wages , and then sold it at half price for whisky . This is the same sort of scrip as tbe scrip 1 mentioned when speaking of Detboit . It ia to be taken up with the first proceed * of tbe railway when finished ;
and it bears 7 % per cent interest- So that here was a source of making money by buying money at halfprice , and realizing 7 j per cent until It is taken up . It is rather remarkable that this man had been ia the employ of Dr . Smyles , at Dalkeith , and be was much surprised on reading the letter he ( Dr . S ) had addressed to me . He informed me that he bad purchased as good a cow for thirteen dollars , as be had given ten guineas for in Scotland . He also stated that he went from Grore-bridge along with his father to reside in Fifeahire .
My third countryman was Charles Cameron , from Banff , also a mason j he had been five years here , and . I was told , had in that tirae saved 12 , 000 dollars ; hf has got plots of land in payment of wages , and had built upon them , and had then soM both buildings and piu . s He row porjr-s * . s twenty- ' x ncrrt >; aud the i : vuu .. 'l vrbi-Te tlw v ; i l- > :: y is to ti-rmibatc *; -. ii \> rovmiIj . > Vhc-n it is compU-tod . it vail router his portion
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very valuable . He had raada seven dolhrs pe ^ - day , on an average , since he came h ? re . The tht «! - fr , vnwhed me with the prices of U 10 following articles : —
Chsese . five cents , retail six c- ^ tr ? per < b . Buttei , ' tifh > - cents .. r < tail ninecints . per 1 b . L , ird , four cents ., retail six ctmts per 1 b . ThlusDa-Y , 25-h—I sl-. pt sit the il-. sshz I bouse , and rosy at br . j ; ifc of d . 'T . I got into m ? Bueijy ,: l " > 7 C 3 . H it , a litM <> before fi . x . and starred off , irqirru'R my era / , toBELVL'E . O-i my way I cv-rt- ^ h-xe of my / ate fei . ' ow-pa .- ' - ' -ngarson ' afc Erie , ' -jo -ru * «• - in- ' from rs ^ ar HocubSTER to Buhrt . th ? nex t county IoEaton . I gave him a lift as far ~ b I was . g ^ in ? . and be iefc me at Belvue , without even « iyin f ; " tharb you " Belvue is a pretty p .. «;« , with tw-j cot and pearl ash manufactories . Ifc has also on a saw fiiK , onpfljur mil ; , one turnery , three stores , one t&mpensiK ' j , uk \ two pul . iie h < > i = s . It has likeTip ^ gyms czioridiv-. i brickyards , aiu ! is celfbr : t-d fV . r making bread . Mr . vVoodtiury , who ia an ¦ x - - ' - ; H : ve storcf-: ^ apt-r , takus ashes in exeha " s ;> - f ur ¦ iv < -iy <' p ci "tion ¦ f jH-v'fi .
Kerc I inruio inq . r . ry is * M > -. v ; r-, w * bprs rrsidence at Ckt-or iiii ; « r --. s tAn ih-t ruy b- •" : w :. y ¦ .-. ,. . ; lc bo to go tui . ! .,-r on IiorbrPjicfc tl . e r > W ' . * ' . e ' nt ; e-j \ vj baii . I ; iqaired il , tut : y Wu'e « KD tfl . 1 ? h'i « e I > ' - ' -i travell ed <» v » , r , and w . is ans . ¦ orttd thtt tfe , _ " ¦ ¦ v . i ! 4 a r tat deal worse ' ¦ ¦ ut tnis I ( ieeiiK-. i t > ne l . tjiOjoihiu . I n quired u I couUt " borrow a ba ^ ile , '' ~ r » i < vus told lust I could iiot bcrro v oue there , but pfir v .. ivs I mi ^ ht tj efc one - ' . t tho sa . v-uiiil . I askdd how fat \ . a ^ ws dist-iut , aud recciftd for answer Void it was ek'ht ru \ U 3 which "v . i- ! furlh ' . r than 1 txpect * u haviuff t «> 20 in nil : how-^ Vfci \ I lcarKcd tbn t tut * distance I I 2 r . 1 i to travel w * s fourt-t-n iiiil-s ; and , wr > at v . p . 8 stiil w-. u's <\ that the worst p irt ef the ro ^ . d was before I reached i . ao sawmiil . I th « m inquired if they taouf . ht I culd get through ; when , i » fttr Leiiiniag the horse the camu « e , and myself , tue answer , in hesitating tono , was , " per haps—you—might !'"
I soon found that I had a difficult task to perform . However I pivceded up a iane , crowdetl with round stumps of trees , tartofeet hi ^ h . At first I m ^ ni ^ wl todrive r junu them to ' erably wt ' . i , unil suiu came in » i 6 ht of a loz hut , wfu'ra a . roa >! br " -nc 2 iad to the rigut . I enquired ruy way to Chester , a young woman tolii me that bctii the road a lt-tt to that place , but that the one to the rigut Wiis the best . Aluig tais I therefore procf . edei ; the ianu boing more crowded wi <\ h stumps , and evidently less travelled upon , and fuli of deep ruts . I ha ;! not i ;< it abovb M , f a mile on tte roud before my track ltd me f .-oru tl . a lane into Ib *? forest . Taere waa hero the most splendid tiaib-r , in prtat va . 'i& r . Soma of the trees ecu id not be less than 100 feet high , generally very strai ^^ t aud without a twig to tho top . I bad seen none so fiae tinee my landing , and I much a'liinsed thuii : is my steady , wijl ' ag little hone proctedbii slowly over the brokou turf .
Slow as Wils niy pace , I was convinced that I had for ; ued but &u imperfect estimate oi tbe difficulties I had to encoun / er . One pit in rapid sucefsiioa followed the other , tarh increasing in tiza and ck i > tu . This cau ° ed , me to hesitate ; and en looking at tho track I vtfl . cted on tbe saying of the coachmen , that the roads wire now at the bcBt , and thatiu anum . 11 tL > j would be ten tunes worso ! I nmit hive travelled at least fcix dreary miles when to my creat joy I observed an opening iittweeu the trees , and eoou saw a log cabin , at which I halted and askud if I could obtain refteshniOTt for uiy horse . There wat . only a woman in the place , who said she was too ill to render me aBy assistance ; bnt she told me whtre the wtil was , and also where I should find a " cradle" ( a
norfe of scythe ) , with whick I might cut down a few oats for mysfcif . This I soon accompiishad ; and after renting h . ilf an hcur , again proceeded on my journey to Chester ; and , a * the country seemed clear , I considered my troubles at un end . A boy and a young girl , who had enteri d the houue wkile I remained , rode half a mile with me , &nd were foolish enough to let me pass the proper lans . I ba > i uot got above a mile before I came to a farm , where I saw and spoke to a person whom I took to be the owner . Ho answered my questions rather drily . I had not gone more than 200 yards bbf : > re I got out of iuy track and w&s compelled to alight and lead xay borse . The tiry fanner observing me , c . mio and voimeerud the information that I was in the wrong track , and after assisting to find my
whip , which the jilting had throwu out of the gig , I retraced my stpps . He also assisted me to get from amongst some fellad trees , and then informed me that th&re were others which I should find some difficulty iu getting acrosa . I was soon enveloped in the hush , ar . 4 found many pita and la . rge trees in my course , which proved greater inspedimtcts than any I had hbretofore encountered . However , I compassed them , ar . l after rr . ucb labour reached the saw mill ; where I got better food for my horse and soms ; refreshment for myself . Of course , I related ray adventure , and after desciibmg my difficulties in t&e e ' earest manner possible , tbe old man coolly and dryly observed . " When yeeple travel aero they take their hatchet with them . "
I was soon on my way again , and had not gone above 200 yards before I once more found myself in tbe bush , I made another st . Uj'gle , and after a long darkness I had another peep at the sky . I next saw a man engaged in chopping off the boughs of a tree which lay upon the ground . As soon aa be lifted up bis eyes , ha raised himself from his position , and in an extacy of joy called out my name , and came and embraced me . He was from Huddersfitsld , aud had not aeeu any oue from . tbat place , nor from England , since his arrival , except those with whom be resided . He soon took me to Mr . Crowthtr . My horsu waa taken care of , and I waa at home for the nistu
I had always been given- to understand that much hospitality prevailed in ttw wildernesses of America ; but at the saw mill , above mentioned , I was chargedtbongh it was onj ' y a private house—six Jimes the amount of whit I and my boree oonsumed . This was by old Dry-sides , who tolai me " I shonld have had my hatchet with me . " At this mill I met a gentleman who had lost his horse—it having strayed ; and he was kind enough to inform me that in my way I must take a side court 0 , through an enclosure , or I should be fast ; and so I should have been bad I not attended to hia directions . The saw mill is called Vennontise .
Tiio practice fcere is to take a thrashing machine Into the middle of a wheat field , and there thrash and winbow , and after carrying away tbe wheat , leave the straw and chaff in an irregular heap . I have frequentnbeen men thrashing in the open air ou & sort orwooden platform , iaid down for the purpose . Oa being introduced to Mr . Crowther , he manifested much astonishment at seeing me there . He took me round his landt at least , so far as my lamene s would allow me to go ; part of it was- cleared , aud part covered with close and heavy timber . He told me th : it tr . nce he bed last come from England he had fexebtaged farms with bis brother-in-law , and that tUe one for which he had exchanged being well cleared , he thought be could dispose of it for cash , of which he stoud much in need .
Crowth « r resided in a log hut , which had been left by his brother . The oue in which he bad previously resided was occupied as a weaving shop by J-imea Bailey , and a person of the name of Wood , from Siaithwaito . Yorkshire . They also resided in it , and it was truly a cammed-up affair altogether . There wes also a cow-house , which was much too open for a winter coveting . He has also a pair of oxen , a few cows , a swarm of pigs , and some poultry . His wheat has this year been destroyed by smut ; his Indian corn , however , ia of a middling quality . The land , wiiich was partially cleared of stnmpa , is of a rather light sandy soil ; not , in my opinion , calculated to yie . d a very heavy crop of anything , except timber . I may be mistaken , but appearances corroborate the opinion I have formed .
A flue , thouch small , stream of water runs through pavt of the property , which wonW be rendered valueabie in propelling niacbiuery , of which Crowther is very anxious to possess himself , being desirous to embatk in maruf ; cturicg , from which , I believe , he might derivo much profit . Tbe place migtt boou be converted futo a vtry comfortable and happy spot . Oa finding nivst-tf amongst those to whom I was known , I felt quite at bunie . Bailey , and Wood were weaving veatings , and Bottomley was the person whom I found chopping the tree . Mrs . Cro nether soon prepared supper which consisted of butcher ' s meat , butter , cheese , egss , fruit pies , bread , biscuits , potatoes , tea and cold water . After tbe repast they told me they would have a pig killed for me on the following day . I said as I must leave in the moruir . git would be of no use . ( To be continued . )
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Liverpool Cattle Market , Monday Mat 8 . — The suppiy of Beasts at market to-day has been , much the Fame as last week , but rather a smaller supply of Sheep . Beef 4 £ d to 5 ^ d , Mutton S £ d to 6 d per lb . Number of Cattle at market : —Beasts 1 , 033 , Sheep 3 , 049 . Livebpool Cork Market , Monday , May 8 . — The imports of each article of the Grain trade eince thia day se ' nmght are of small amount . A cargo ( about 950 qrs ) of Wheat arrived from Danzig . We have still to report only a limited demand lor Wheat , but holders of that grain have been somewhat more
tenacious , and for the middling qualities of foreign . Id to 2 d per bushel advances has been o . biaiued ; the business of the week includes a purchase or two for the interior and for Ireland . Flour has met a mode * rate sale at previous rates . There has been little inquiry for Oais , but . the quantity offering being at tho same time small , prices have beeu maintained ; best mealiag samples are worth 2 * 4 d per 45 ibs . Oatmeal must be quoted 6 d per load cheaper ; \ 9 a 6 ti per 2401 b 3 a top price , and not much sold . Barley is held for ratht r more money . No change aa regards Beans or Peas .
London Corn Exchange , Monday , May 8 . — The supply of Wheat by laud carriage samples was moderate this morning , and the iaotors tried to establish an advance , which they could ouly do 10 the extent of Is on the fine dry wnue and rea , anci parcels out of cosdi ' . ion remain &n last week . There wero a few country buyers of foreign at market , which gave a liuie mure spirit , and good svveet Wheat must be quoted Id dearer . We bad no inquiries for bondtd . Barley is tcaroe , aud sells at the name rate ? . !* ¦ a ' rrrajii wi'lwui . alteration . New iieaus were fully n ,-. d « i " , <¦•!¦¦ : 3 , vu-y dull r id . Oats were taken biowiv at last . Monday ' s currency .
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HARMONY HALL . LETIER IX TO TUE EDITOR OF IHE . NORTHERN STAR . SIR i—In * ny formar letters , I have pointed oat that tbe tx . gencies of the tines now require vigorous and Aecidrd tsvrtion oa the par : of the poople for a universal o-jret ; ramely to secure the happiness of eveiy : ' . vvv .-s \ ., V . y afford :. g to all a sound practical ecacatio ; . r-ndjpsrmaae t beneficial employment . Ihire shewn thu by lupins of tk-U exertion , - well-CiVibinvd £ cti -sriaely Air ^ cie . l . the people hav » . now tbe pc war of Epeedily following ; th < - advice given them somet ^ rr-e since by S . r R /; .-rt P < sel;—thht ti « y Bhou ! d rakd their affairs into their own hinds ; and that if they do bo , in n proper mruir . er , thit eich individual ¦ will oest promote his own happiness , by aiding to Bscare at the eame time , the happiness ot all classes , ranks , sects , and parties .
I have given the outline of an association , whereby s nniversal society may be formed on principles capable of giving satisfaction to all ; s . ud I have explained Bome of tte preliminary steps wLica such a society should take . 1 have now to continue this division of my subject , by nsikiiiB somr rereads on the Election of a President 10 Lha Society , and i < f : hekiad of manifesto or Gtarter that sfcouiii bepni forth . With retard to the first proposition , namely , who should be the P , csiile .: t of the Association ; if your readers vili refor to my letter , No . 2 , in this series , tbt-y will £ ;; d the following remarks : — " I know no
parson whose krowl ^ ge , either of the ? rtat wants of trtt- p ' . \ pe , <_ » cf the r- ^ viicst mode of obtaining those wiuu , -ure tqual to Mr . O * en " s , and I wished the Caanist bD < iy tofcave before them a general review of his career , tLc * . if * t any fn : ur 9 pmod , the question of a ititipEal i : « . a }"; zitioii for the purps-se of cff . cting a change m ^ y be aectssary , wB m 3 y know where to look for on- whom whatever dlff ^ rtcces may exist with regard to practical meamrea , all -will acknowledge tj be bestaequiiiittjd with the principles on which thechange e&ould be conducted , tnu a ea ' . m JnveEiigation , will I thuik , place iiim as the centie Irom which tfcs unity shoaul radiate . "
From these remarks it will be readily seen that I consid ' er iir . Owen the most fitting person for the ofBce of Pre * i £ ,. Et of the gocifety , and that as such , I should be prtpa : ed to invent him with every authority necessary for the fcxercise of that oi 5 ce . As Mr . Owen haa however teen lung Wforc the public as & practical reformer , end h&s beei > tD ^ a ^ td in stvers . 1 experiments that have ^ se .-i det-nitci by the World to be failures , the question m-iy here b * faiily put to me , wh thtr my confiJence in Mr . Owen is unbounded ; tbe n . ore esp « cialiy as it is ¦ weli knuwn that we hate been much engaged together in conducting theaffiira of the social body .
To Uds 1 would reply tbat experience has taught me that nc nr . n is yet *_ ruly rational on evtry mbject ; nor bhfald that unlimited corfi-ieocs be placed in any one , tea : thon'd prcatrate the i&teilect uf others to his opinions alona ; more especialiy in matters of practical dttail , for unless the convictions proceed along with action , eo truly efficient service Cob be rendered ; but I know no individual whose general experience in practical dfcU : i eqail * Mr . Owen ' s ; acd , &s it regards princip ' . ts , I believe all who read this , and know Mr . Owen , wi >] cordially agree that be stands a ! oce in the gentiial k-uow ledge be possesses of the sciences of buaxaii Eat-jre and of society . Thare » re , howevw , two points in Mr . Owen ' a individual orgavizition , to
whicc I would draw the especial attentioE of those who would be called upon to place him in such an office is the one vo which 1 rtfer , and resptc ; ing which 1 would obtiic the best guarantees in my power to procme ; for iuy experience has led me to believe that precautions are neeesaary , and I should rtfl ct little credit on Mr . Owen , as the teacher of sneb principles as he liys down , which I consider it my highest privilege to be a disciple of ; nor should I am sure give him ¦ nj personal gratification , if I hesitated whenevei and wherever it may be required , to declare my coavictions iox the purpose of advaacing those principles in the most r * pid K&nner—the two points to which I refer r . re finance , tnd the selection of individual
cha-. I approach the subject of reviewing Mr . Owen ' s career in any language beside wtat the world would call that of praise , with great timidity ; although those « ii » ^ re truly acquainted with the principles on which the science of hum ^ ri nature ia baaed , will well know , : he id ?* of praise or blame cannot arise with me whilst 1 write ; knowing , as I do , that 6 vejy action of every hum&n beiDg is necessitated , and knowing also that it is more Likely 1 aaouid judge erroneously than that Mr . Owen should act &o ; but the cause I advocate is that of general bumar . ity , and the emergency of toe crisis prevents me confining myself to acy personal consideration whatever , acd I am compelled , in the public du : y 1 have undertaken , to declare what I
be-; li » ve to be the truth , and the whole ttu ' . h , when it : becomes necessary for sash high purposes u redeeming and preserving my fellowmen . > Mr . O » en'B arrangtm&nts for rfeconBtructiDg Bociety do sot iu elude & pound , f billing , and pence finance , , nor should be ever be mixed up with one , for he does not like it ; and , &s it regards individual character , be to readily believe * every one actuated by tbe same feelings as himself , that he appears to have little idea 1 that he - Is ever addressed for a personal or sinister ; purpose . Theae matters mBy , however , be easily ar-! ranged : an -, as the affairs of the society become of : sufficient magnitude to engage Mr . Owen ' s attention , 1 mind alone wiil be enabled to grapple with ; them .
! A stronger proef of Mr . Owen ' i knowledge of the wants of the people cannot be given than is shown by ¦ a document which he has lately put forth , as the Pre-! liminary Charter of the Rational System , and whic $ it ! would be extremely difficult to amend , as the manij festo of the new Bociety . The following are the points i of this Charter : — j 1—Jfa uob&J productive employment for all who dei sire it . f i 2—National unexclusive superior practical education ; for all who require it . I 3—A gracnaied property tax , commencing with prc-; pertiea yitrlamg an income of not leas than two hundred : pound j a year . 4—The abolilion of all existing taxes asd
monopolies . ; 5—Free trade in all thines iritn all the world . : 6—Free igresa ana tugress to ali nativea and foreigners ' except to foes in hostibty . ; 7—UnreatricUjd liberty of speech , writing , and publication . 8—Tae abandonment of the three fundamental er-: rors , hitherto t&ught to the human race from birth : 1—That man forma his own character ; ; 2—That he can believe or disbelieve at pleasure ; 3—That he has the power to like or dislike at pleasure . 9—The adoption of the three opposed fundamental trains :
1—That man does not form his own character ; 2—That he cannot fcelitve or disbelieve at pleasore ; 3—That he cannot like or dislike , love or hate in obedience to bis wishes . 10—The abandonment cf the practice of creating anything inferior , when it may be mads superior . 11—The abandonment < rf foreign aad all artificial-made mnej , and to the adoption 0 / national-made money to represent the exact value of exchangeable wealth . 12—The exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properiy qualified oflleera , appointed by the eulio . i , who . will have no private interest to bias their judiimeLt
Tlib rioenment contains matters of the most vital impcrtiiice , aU eaaily attainable at the present mement , because when carefully considered each separate proposition will be beneficial to every individual in the nation and may be easily Bbewn to be mo . The only burthen imposed by it ia tbat contained in the third point , namely , a graduated property tax ; but aa thia is to commence ouiy with those who have an income exceeding two hundred pounds a year , and will be accompa nied by the remission uf all existing taxes , even these persons will c ** m perceive that their individual interest and security will be preserved fcy this tax being Raid , aud they will , when tbe pressure comes , readily yiAd a portion te preserve the remainder . It will also be apparent tb % t Justice demands that taxation should be placed on what U called accumu . ated property , as it is this alone that reeuirea protection .
Thi » Charter is , however , far too important to be discussed in this lett er , b « t will reqaire many to point out anything at all approaching to the results to be obtained ; cut Mr . Owen state * it must still be kept distinct from the object * for which it is destined to prepare the way , wbich are to terminate , — l *> t . Poverty , or tbe most distant fear of it , for ever . 2 nd . All division of mind between individuals and nations . 3 rd . AU van , civil , religious , and national 4 th . Tne creation of all tbe inferior passions , with all unch&riiableness . 5 th . Tt = unnecessary sufferings of the millions proceeding f rwBi causes , ail of whica may now be removed , and their recurrence prevented .
The m » that could take V e conception of these ideas and proiuuijate them on his ovro responsibility to the world as Van means of cZMUJti the thought and awakening the n flection of other minds , must himself possess a mmii t ^ puOie oi itaumg forward such a movement as iLe ote i rtftr t j ; or at least of acting as the central p--iEt fiujti which it ihuuia raui . u-e . ILrre BC-l De cjaKia ' -rii with the President , whoeVcr be insy be . as tU c -ut , ; :, ' -he i ^ rgtit , Cilmest , ii . ' . at tiii .-Lziiioi , sUiJ iiioii advanced niixius thut can
Untitled Article
CONSISTENCY . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STARSi a—1 have Ventured to address you on a matter that seems to have escaped yt . uv " violent" observation . Mr . O Cornell , the traauctr of Ctiartists , whatever their ciebd or name , is now a convert to tbat policy which he form , rly repudiate-. ! . Tho first time in his long and unholy career of agitation , he declare * himself to be a man guided by honest principle ! in the advoeacy of his opinions . He is now pledged to rest satisfied with nothing less than ( he vfio ' e ! This is Chartjsm ! An txpression of opinion like to that for which he denounced the Radicals of England and of Scotland !
At a repeal meeting in K < sll he is reported to have addressed his countrymen as follows : — 11 1 have come all the way from Dublin for the purpose of giving you a piece of news . Ttna repeal is comin- ; the repeal is coming—I will not consent tj take any thing less than a repeal ! I never will tako any thing from E ., gland except repeal" ! ! Sir , such a declaration , at such a time , from such an agitator , carries on its front a moral , the which , I truit , you will not overlook in your coBiment , seeing the readers of Ridical journals reqaire such a stimulant as this example ufforJs . Tours , 4 cc , " Argus . " College of Tribunes , Hay 3 , 1843 .
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W . H . Ci . nTER , Esq ., and his agent , — Crampton , Esq ., son to the Rector of Killucan , have been on a visit with Lord Castlemaine , at Hare Island , while inspecting hia estates in that neighbourhood , and making such arrangements for his tenants as the distressed state of agricultural produce demanded . Ax Expzxsiyr C&rjstknikg . —A statement more singular than gratifying , was elicited in the House of Commons on Monday evening , when a tote for £ 110 , 000 was proposed to defray the charge of " eiv \ l contingencies , " that no less a sum than £ 2 , 500 was expended in the preparations for the christening of the Prince of Wales , and £ 500 { or changing his Royal HighneBs ' 8 coat of arms ! What a blessed babe !
Teetotallers in America . — I waa particularly pleased to see the Irishmen , who formed a distinct society among themselves , and mustered very strong , with their green scarfs , carrying their national harp and their portrait of Father Mathew , high above the people ' s heads . They looked as jolly and goodhumoured as ever , and working the hardest for their living ; and , doing any kino cf sturdy labour that csme in their way , were rHe mu ? t independent fellows there , 1 though \ . ~ Dkkt-m on America .
Market Intelligence.
MARKET INTELLIGENCE .
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THE NORTHERN STAR . 7
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), May 13, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct481/page/7/
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