On this page
- Departments (2)
-
Text (7)
-
§$titntt astir &vt
-
Untitled Article
-
" &)t £on&ttfbn oi gtogfettir <&ut£tion." " Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law i"
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
-
Untitled Article
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
-
-
Transcript
-
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
§$Titntt Astir &Vt
§ $ titntt astir &vt
Untitled Article
HEALTH OF TOWKS . j TSOPOSAIS FOB . COXSTRtCIISG StTB-SEWEES AS A ; liECEjSABI AtXILULKT TO IHE PB . ESHST SEWHBS . j These Beyers maybe constructed of cast-iron ribs , ; fl-TTTig into s cast-iron keelson , having oh a caat-iron ; crown plats , the -whole so formed as to key into one ] another -without screws 01 belts . j "The . sub-sewers are to ran along and ieneath the ] aoilh sod south sides of the shores of the river Thames , ; alitflesfeoTe low-water mark , and proceed down thei sbrer io tbele-wer parts of Essex and Kent Into TBCep * i
tadee or reserroirs formed of cast-iron plates { something \ similar to gasometers ) , and -with partitions having grat-. jug * or meshes of ez » s proper for the purpose of , « psraimf the filth from the liquid , whieb will ran into ! the last chamber , and be allowed to stand to settle . ] Mow , if » column of pnlveHsad goick-lime is ran into ] Jhesewei tA ssy given point previous to its exit from " i tfcence into the reservoirs , -everything that is held In j K > lstion in the liquid -will be chemically throws down j ( the theory of the process of -which is , the contents of j the sewerage being highly charged with carbonic add , j immediately the pulTeriaad lime comes in contact there- j
with , the liqnid is chemically acted upon , and -what « u held in solution immediately falls down ) , thereby j separating the water , which may be turned off , and j leaving the residue , which may be passed through a ' powerful T" ^ in order to pulverize and thoroughly in- ' . corporate it , after which it eon be pot into an hydraulic j press ft " lonued into blocks of . any shape or slza best j £ fcted tor conveying to acy parts of the empire . A column ot sea water might be advantageously run Into J the sewers , the saline portions of which -would provej highly beneficial to the manure . j The Chinese are particularly ingenions in their j sianures : bnt I question whether the proposed admix- ] tare woald sot be superior to any , Meiers , Rtnaia
Untitled Article
andTelford stated , in their evidence deliTered before the London Bridge Committee , "that there were several thousand tons of tbs most valuable manor e running into the Thames from the metropolitan sewers every hoar , thereby polluting the water to that excessive degree , that it was fast approaching an immense ditch , and so excessively filttiy that no tea-kettle laboratory could properly filter the water so as to be fit for domestic purposes . " . A * to the capability of the Mil , — "It is" ( saya Sir George Stephenson , the eminent engineer ) " my decided conviction * fonnded upon close and extensive personal observation , that the soil of England , if properly treated , will produce four times the amount of human food that it yields under the present system . " Upon the most moderate supposition ,
by adopting these sub-sewers , there would be an actual saving to the country annually of upwards of two millions of tons cf the most valuable manure , containing all the mates { animal salts } , * & , which , if sold to the land-holders and farmers at 10 s . per ten , would materially aid them to meet any pressure of the times . Besides , the iron trade of this great nation is in a depressed state , at all times fluctuating ; tie government , by constructing these sub-sewers , would permanently raise the price of iron ; becaase Bristol , Hull , Liverpool , and other towns would at once adept similar severs , for h-usbanding the manure . From a rough calculation , I presume the * & metropolitan sub * 8 swen would cost
about seven millions steiling , and the revenue derivable therefrom -would amount annually to upwards of one million . And if the whole of the Commissioners of Sewers were merged or consolidated into one board , as they ought to be , and not to remain irresponsible bodies without any bead , in the receipt of enormsus sums of money , sot accountable for the same , and continually fighting at cross purposes with Bach other , the present rates that are collected -would amply suffice to liqnidate the construction thereof . It is not within the scope of calculation the immense benefits that would result from the government or country adopting these enb-sewers .
In Edinburgh , the watchmen , at six o ' clock in the morning , turn on the fire , or rather water , cocks in the streets , and sweep all before them down the gratiBgs ; why cannot the same be done by the able-bodied poer of this great dirty metropolis ? which might be made the healthiest and cleanest city in the world , and its vast expansive river rolling through it kept free from all impuri ties polluting it , by ths legislature compelling the water companies to erect ( free ) against every gas lamp-post a water or fire-plug , the same to be kept always charged ( the water companies would above get an equivalent in the shape of pure water ); an enactment to compel every house , manufactory , or premises to have a good and sufficient aheot from their privies and drains into the common sewers ; all the streets la be thoroughly washed everyjtwenfcy-fonr hoars ; the graveyards of the metropolis to be for ever closed , and seven feet of clay laid thereon , and planted with trees .
Bishop Xatimer , is his days , said : " That it was an eternal diBgra . se to the clergy to allow the burials to go on in a large crowded town , " as they were then increasing to an alarming extent ; what would he have said at this time of day , mixing up 45 , 000 dead amually amidst the living ? By washing the streets once every twenty-four hours there would be no necessity for scavenger * carts , or nightmen , or watering carts . These sub-sswers ought to precede the Thames embankment . They might be constructed sssrly the whole extent without erecting , any coffer-dam , which will appear clear on a casual surrey ; if they are commenced at the terminus and brought up the river , all tee water accumulating on excavating will pass through the reservoirs . Lastly , it would form a legitimate source of revenna ot npwards of one million sterling annually ; and if the government neglect doing it , it might be established through the means of a public company .
BlCHAKD KOWKD , Promoter of the Health of Towns . No , 7 , Stanhope-place , Southward Bridge-road .
" &)T £On&Ttfbn Oi Gtogfettir ≪&Ut£Tion." " Laws Grind The Poor, And Rich Men Rule The Law I"
" & ) t £ on&ttfbn oi gtogfettir < &ut £ tion . " " Laws grind the poor , and rich men rule the law i "
Untitled Article
APPALLING DESTITtfTIQH . On Thursday , the 16 th inst , Mr . Carter , the Coronei for Surrey , went into a very protracted inquiry at the Drum , Snow-fields , Bermondsey , respecting the death ol Ann Galway , aged forty-five . The deceased resided at 3 , White Lion Court , Bermondsey-street , where she , her husband , and son , aged about nineteen , lived and slept in a Bmall room . There was no bed nor bedstead in the room , nor furniture of any kind . "When found dead , she was lying with her son in her wretched abode on & heap of
feathers , -which had been strewed over her almest naked person , for neither coverlid , sheet , nor blanket could be found . From the wretched state in which the woman was , the feathers had become so fastened over her person that the parish-surgeon could make no examination until she had been cleansed , and then the body presented a most extnoraimrj- » pjwt »» nnca . It -was considerably emaciated , and actually covered from the head to the / set with numberless email red spots , when Vermin had been preyinf upon her . Altogether it was a scene never before , perhaps , witnessed in a human dwelling-place .
Mr . J . Slow , one of the relieving cffieers of Bermondsey parish . —The only article of furniture in the deceased ' s room was the carcass of an old chest of small drawers . There were two pieces of bread and a basis of ccffee mixed with the feathers . There was no bedding of any kind , and she was quite dead . They had never applied for parish relief , nor did he know them . Margaret Shea , cf 28 , Magdalen-conrt , Tooley-street , deposed that the deceased was her sister . The last time she saw her sister alive was on the 19 th of September , when she was in excellent health , but very badly dad . The room was in the same state in which the jury had just seen it She was then lying in a corner of it . Witness came from Ireland at Easter 12
months ago , and lived with them till February last year . When she went , there wa « no bedstead nor furniture of any aort . There were two basins . A piece of tick -was pissed oxer some feathers , on Which the deceased and her husband slept ; there was no sheet nor quiit to cover them , and they lay down in any clothes they had . The deceased rarely had any . The son slept in a corner of the room , and had one blanket , "but what he slept on " was only the name of a bed . " When witness went there , the son slept in the corner -with his mother and father , and she had his place , and put there a mattress * he had brought from Ireland . They had something to eat morning and night , but no
dinner , and she did not know how they had lived since September . While she was there she had seen the husband and son frequently beat the deceased because she wonld not get out of toe feathers . If there was anything to eat she would get up and eat , and then get into the feathers . She neglected her person , and seemed careless about everything . She never went from the room . A part of the flooring of the loom had been forced np . When the witness waB questioned ab » nt it , she gave an answer which drew exclamations of surprise and horror from every one present The witness , -who bad evidently misunderstood the nature of the sensations her statement produced , cried— " O , do not laugh ; this goes to my heart "
The Coroner . —No one has laughed at this frightful tale , and no one shall , with impunity . fit should be observed that the witness was very neatly and respectably dressed , and evidently not an ignorant woman-J Examination resumed . —The reason that the son Henry beat her sister and his mother was , because the landlady of the house had tsld him te do 69 . When she died in the room she had no clothes on . Her husband when in work got 2 a . 63 . a-day , out of which he had to pay 2 i a-week rent
After some additional evidenee bad been given , the coroner said , the inquiry -was of paramount importance to the public , as a human being had been found in the most abject state destitution . It -was due to the parish that it ehoiild be ascertained -whether starvation bad been the cause of death ; and it -was also due to the husband and son to ascertain thai poison bad not been administered , or that they had , in any way , been the cause of the onfortunate woman's death . He understood they were both in custody , the husband raving mad , and the son almost an idiot The inquest was then adjourned . Poob Law Ruffianism .
Lahbith-stsebt . —On Thursday , Mrs . Clayton , a yonng married woman , -whose father had been for many years a ratepayer of the parish of Whitechapet , applied to Mr . Norton for as order to see her sister , who was either confined , or on the point of confinement , in White chapel workhouse . It will be recollected , that on the morning ol that day week , the applicant had , in Hie first instance , made application at the ¦ workhouse , and requested to see her sister , but the gate-porter refused her admittance . The gate-keeper perceiving her intention , seized and forced her back with violence , ana in doing so tore her cloak . XT » on that occasion Mr . Norton advisM Mrs . Clayton
to go before ttie Board of Guardians on the Tnesday following , and make a formal complaint to them of the manner in which she had been treated . Singular io Bay , this order waa treated with indifi ference , and it was not until the deputy chairman bim-! self had peremptorily desired , that the applicant was i permitted an interview , and then only in the presence of the master of the workhouse . i Yesterday Mm . Clayton stated , that on going before i the Board on Tuesday , and relating what had paBsed , ahB was told that she wonld be allowed to see her sister on the following day ; but on applying at the
workhouse she was refused-Mr . Norton expressed his surprise and astonishment at the extraordinary conduct pursued by the master of the workhouse , and despatched an officer to request the attendance of that functionary , as well as the gatekeeper , to have an explanation of their conduct Ha ( MrVNorton ) also desired the constable to call upon Mr . Brssnaeld , ttw c&airman , and Mr . Wallace , the deputy-chairman , of the Board of GaaidiaaB , to request their attendance also , that they might hear all that transpired . Only the chairman , Mr . Brushfield , attended te the summons of the mag istrate . Having waited for some time , and neither the master of the workhouse nor g&te-toeoe * making ftek ppsarance ,
Untitled Article
the inquiry into their conduct was appointed for a future : day . , Mr . Norton received the following donations for the poor-box : —W . X . T ., £ 20 ; Sir John Trevelyan , £ 5 ; An Old Soldier , £ 1 ; Mr . Samuel Martin , Liverpool , £ 5 ; H . R . G-, £ 5 ; A Noble Lord , £ 1 ; A Lady , C H ., half of £ 10 ; Lord Alvanley , £ 10;—making altogether £ 57 . .
: HORRIBLE DISTRESS . Thames Polick , Thorsdat—The following case was that of Elizabeth Morris , of 2 , Jubilee-place ; Stepney , also the mother of six children , and whose husband is confined in the House of Correction for some offence against the Court of Chancery . Douglas , one of the warrant officers , stated that he was employed on Tuesday morning to execute a warrant of ejectment against the poor woman and her children , and he never in his life had so painful a duty to perform . When the poer creature was turned ont of her home into the cold , damp fog , she stood in the street In the midst of her children utterly bewildered , not knowing what to do or where to go . Pitying her deplorable condition , and seeing that she was utterly destitute , DouglaB advised her to come to the court and make an application . The worthy magistrate directed that the immeoiate wants of the applicant and her children should be provided for , and inquiry made into be * case .
Douglas has since made the inquiry , and the woman ' s statement having been found correct , provision has been made for her until her husband ' s liberation . The S « ibt-makers . —Union-Hall—On Thursday , Mary White , the poor shirt-maker who was remanded on Friday , on a charge of pawning some shirts intrusted to her to make up by a woman named Davis , who works for the slopsellers , was bronght up for re-examination before Mr . Cottingham on the charge . In consequence of the publicity glveu to this distresing case , Mr . Cottingham has had transmitted to him donations from several benevolent individuals , to a very considerable amount , in aid of the accused ; and amongst them the following sums from the writers , who expressed a desire that they might be acknowledged in the newspapers : —A . £ l 10 s- ; J . M . C , £ 1 ; H . W . 2 s . 6 d . ; A . B ., 10 s . ; F ., £ l : J . P ., 10 s . ; U ., 10 s ; S . B-, £ 1 ; P . E . T ., 10 *; B , H . A .. 10 s . ; M . D ., 10 a . ; W . W . £ 2 ; Y ., 10 s . ; H . B ., 10 s . ; W . J .. 10 s . ; H , A ., 10 s . ; E . E ., 10 s .: " A Lover of Justice /' £ l .
Harriet Davis now said that she did not wish to press the charge ; upon hearing of which , Mr . Cottingham observed that she had changed her mind , for on the previous examination she had expressed a very strong desire to follow up the prosecution . Davis acknowledged that the makers had only threehalfpence for making a shirt ! Mr . Cottingham then made some inquiries into the character of the accused woman . Toe result of these inquiries showed that the poor woman had been suffering very great distress , that she was considerably in arrear of rent to the woman with , whom she lodged , who , although in great poverty herself , having a siek husband and child to maintain by her own labour , yet had contributed all in her power to assist the accused by pledging her things and keeping her and the two children from starving .
Mr . Cottingham then addressed the accused , and directed Mr . Edwin , the chief clerk , to liquidate the rent the accused owed to the poor woman Marybown , who stood in so much need of it , and money was given by Winch , an officer of the Court , to purchase some articles to furnish a room for Mary White , the magistrate informing her , that if she obtained work from a shop , and not through the intervention of a " middlewoman , " security would be given at that Court to the person who employed her , fur which purpose a portion of the money contributed to her aid would be retained , in order to remunerate her employer for any loas he might sustain on her account The accused , who shed tears of gratitude , expressed her " everlasting thanks' * to thoae charitable and kind persons who had contributed to her assistance in the hour of need .
MORE MISERY . Marlborough street —Since it has become known that the funds of the poor-box at this conrt have been increased by the donations of the benevolent , there have been many applicants for relief . The majority of applicants are females , -widows , or wires with large families , and husbands either sick or out of worfc , and the amount of destitution and Buffering which these cases occasionally disclose would be pronounced fabulous , were the statements not corroborated by evidence that cannot be disputed . Two cases which , at the desire of the magistrate , had been investigated by the constables , were on Friday reported upon to Mr . Hardwick .
The first case was that of Emma Stammers , the wife of a stable-man out of employ , -with three young childten , one lying dead , and one Bick . Her application was for some relief , to enable her to bury her child , she having applied to the parish in which she resided for a coffin , and had been refused , on the ground that she did not belong to the parish . Police-conBtable Gibbett deposed to the state of extreme destitution in which the family was involved and the good character of the applicant The young woman said her husband bud bean it ^ thc service of sit . Hope , of Spring-gardens , as stableman , but when bis master left England in June , be lost bis place , and had been unable to procure another Bituation .
Mr . Hardwick—How have you maintained yourselves since June ? Applicant—God only knows . Sometimes we have only had one meal in three days . My husband has walked all ovtr London to get work ; he has not a bit of shoo to his feet now . All we have had to live upon is what my husband has been able to earn by holding horses , or by getting a job now and then . It can do nothing myself , because one of my children is now ill at k home , and the infant in my arms cannot be left Mr . Hard wiek—Have you applied to the parish ?—Applicant—I went to the parish of St Martin ' s , to aak for a coffin to bury my child in , but I was told they could do nothing for me , because I did not belong to the parish .
Mr . Hardwick—I do not understand this . Do you mean to say you told them your distressed situation , and they refused to help you at all ?—Applicant—They said they would send a doctor to my sick child , but they could not give me any other relief , as I belonged to Clewer , near Windsor . Mr . Hardwick immediately ordered £ 2 to be given to the yeung woman , who expressed { her grateful thank 3 , and retired . The second case was . that of a decent-looking elderly
woman , reported by Polio Constable Tice . The woman's character was ve-ry good . She had hitherto got her living by going out as charwoman , and by taking care of empty houses . Owing to ill health , she had not been able to do any work , and she had been indebted for existence to her nieces—themselves in a state approaching to want The applicant was relieved with b n shillings . A gentleman walked into court , and put down £ i for the poor-box , which he desired might be entered as the donation of Anonymous .
MURDER ! HELLISH TREATMENT OF THE POOR IN THE COVENTRY BASTILE . ( Abridged from the Leicester Chronicle . J An inquest was held on Monday night la ?* , at the Sir Thomas White public-house , Russell-street , before John Gregory , jun ., Gent ., Coroner , on the body of George Robson , a framework-knitter , aged thirty-two , whose death was said to have been occasioned . by starraiioo . The Jury proceeded to view the body , which lay in the house of deceased ' s father , close by : it presented a painful picture of the effects ol suffering and -want .
Catherine Robson , wife of the deceased , was then fworn :-she deposed as follows : —My husband was a framework-knitter , and was aged thirty-two , I believe . Hia last residence was at Coventry , where ho belonged ; and in the House of Industry there , we had all ( deceased , myself , and four children ) been for the last four or five months . We had lived at Leicester before ; but he having had ft bad arm , so , that he could not work , St . Margaret ' s parish had sent us home by the waggon . His arm was injured many years ago by a / Dangle ; but he thought it was again injured by a wrench while carrying sacks of corn ; it was his right arm ; and was hnrt first eighteen years ago ; but it had never failed him at work till two years ago . The
wound was a fracture , but appeared to have healed ; the arm was always stiff and weak . He was quite unable to work at Coventry this last time , and we Jfift the workhouse £ B ? use > of Industry ] because my husband was used so ill . Ho could not get up to breakfast , bat the master said he could , and told the Directors so ; and they said my husband was to be kept on slops as he would not get up . He seemed to get worse after he went into the House , and the food was so coarse he could not take it . Tho work was pumping , and 'he was also sent into the { fields , where , he took cold . Palmer was the name of the Governor Of the House of Industry , and he behaved very unkindly all the time wo were there ; my husband , therefore , wanted to come out , and when I
found he was so " badly , " I wished him to leave , tco : he said he wished to come home to die . We applied to the Board last Wednesday to come to Leicester . —The bread was coarser than he was used to eat at Leicester ; hin appetite got worse : and the doctor would not let him have tho beer—they said he was to work for it . Ha wanted some white bread , but they would not let him have it . On the Tuesday morning , the nurse of the bick ward asked the Governor for his breakfast , saying Robson was mr . ioh worse , and she would take it up him : the mister said he would not give him any—Robson waB » a idle
fellow , and should get np for it ; I heard these word 3 myself . The Governor did not send my husband any . After breakfast , every Tuvjday , tho directors go round every room ; and thf ; nurse told me the mistress had said to them , " Tbisis Robson —the idle fellow , who won't get up ICor his meals : " on which they said , " O / then keep him on slops till he gels up" I asked the nurse , what reply my husband made ; and she said he was too bad to make any reply : this fretted me very mueb ., aBd I was anxious to get him home . Thenurso is an Irishwoman , and has been there many years . My husband was shifted into ih \ i Sick Rood on the Monday . Ho bad been
Untitled Article
£ ,, !*? fenh * ° ^ derjd out beoaU 3 e he was HSSS ^^ ssssttff S ^^ AJSSW' - 'WS SK& ^ sss rsa-Wifai mi Ift ft ^ ' PW atoe - and gave all the rest to T ^ Zll ^ w ^ mer told the doctor she saw Robthrp « ! im that wa * PQt before him . Meat is given £ 552 fi" a week : oa mea * days J t 0 <> . * e » s »^ n . w £ PP 9 r \ aad at supper-time he got up again ; but he could not eat the bread and
broth-V ^ JffiH- fa iled Wm-and he gave it to me : he h « Lf , n ^ i 5 h ^ ni « ht- On Wednesday morning be got up to hla breakfast J bat the Governor got f , ^ L « £ t ° - at - ' and tapped the door in * SSMSSI " - 1 i ^ rule there - tflat all the pau-K ?« Tk m bef ^ ° Governor , or not go in ; too late ihjK ? J to my h ™*«« l » " You are £ mi S . ; J i \ had no ^ eakfost . I saw him Sn ! t J , ^ ing-room , and he told me he * il rA ^ aflt r ^ had none that morning at all nor had he had any the previous morning .-Wnen we went to the Board , I led my husband down to the board . room , wher * the Directors met at eleven o ' clock . We then applied to be sent home , and I told them my husband had had no breaktast for two mornings : my husband was so 11 , he cou'd acjttcely talk—I was oblieed to sneak
rornim . une of the Directors ( the same who had been in the Sick-room ) spoke up , and said , "Oh ! it is Robson , that idle fellow , whe would not get up to his breaktast j ? this Director ' s name , I think , wa 9 Watts . 1 made answer , and said my husband had never been idle m his life ; told them how long he bad been ill ; and that he had never applied to the parish but once before . One Director then looked at my husband , and said •» O ! he does not look able to work . They asked why I wished to come home when he could not work ! for they should not give me ^ anytlung . I said I wished to get him into the Infirmary aj Leicester , for if he stopped there ( Coventry ) I thought he would die ; my husband told them the same ^ -he said the place did not agree with him , and he coald not stay . They Wanted to know what I should do with mv familv while ha waa in
the Inarmaarj \ 1 Baid I had . friends at Leicester , wao would take me in the short time he was there . They said they must have a ktter from my friends to that effect ; and my husband pulled out a letter which he had got from his father on the Monday before . The letter waa left at Coventry : we did not ask for it again . The letter said that hia father was very uneasy at hearing he was so ill , and they wished to have him home again : my husband had been an out-patient at the Infirmary before , and it seemed to do him a great deal of good . The letter did not say anything more . The Directors read tho letter over , sent us out of the room , and then called us in again : they then asked me if I had hot made up my mind to stay
there— Mr . Watts asked me this . I said I could not think of doing so as I knew my husband was not used well . Mr . Watts then said if I was determined to have my discharge , he would write one , and he did so ; bat he said / shmtd not have anything to take me home . My husband was too ill to Bay much . The discharge was given to the Governor . My husband wished to go home , and he told the doctor so , after we came out of the board-room . This doctor ( a new one , who had attended my husband all the while he was there ) was named , I believe , Barton ; and he saw my husband about ten minutes after we came put : the Mistress called my husband to the dootor , who attended , I believe , three times a week . I did
not go till I heard the doctor and the mistress making a sad noise at him—they were " jawing " him because of what I had said at the Board—> ' That he was not well done to . " I knew he could not speak , and so I went in ; but on speaking in his behalf I was ordered o / T byboth- ^ -the do ctor saying I had nothing to do with it . I heard the doctor say , "You are a good-for-nothing dissatisfied fellow : I can tee it in your face . " I do not know what they said after this , as I waa ordered off to my work . My husband soon after came out to me , and said—** Get my clothes aired—I will go as soon as I baye had my dinner . " When he had had his dinner—( he had some rice-pudding , of which he eat two or three spoonsful , and gave the rest to me )—I w ? nt and got
his clothes , put them on him , and we then went into the town so see if the waggon would bring us to Leicester . We begged the waggoner very hard to bring us , telling him we would pay him when we got to Leicester ; we had no n > on 6 y then . It was a tilted cart—we had a waggon the next morning . We prevailed upon the waggoner to take us . We got to Hinckley that ( Wednesday ) night , and whero we stopped first , my husband atked for his hat , to go out , and the landlady said to me , " Your husbaud seems in a very queer state—very ill . " I said , "He W '—She then said , " I am afraid he is dying : I dare not have him here : you had better go and get lodgings . " I did so ; and the landlady , before we want to tKaxn * . KUva tay imsWuKl » glass of b
randyand-water j and a man from her house brought him down to the lodging— Baying as he went , My poor man ! thiuk of your soul , for I am afraid yeu ' re in a bad way . " My husband was very ill all night : in the morning I begged two cups of coffee and some white bread tor him : we then went to the waggon ( a tilted one ) and we stopped no more till we got to the Half way House ( near Leicester ) , where he got a sup of hot rum-and-water . We then proceeded on towards Leicester : on the way thither he said he felt better , the rnm-and-water having nourished him . We got out at the Fox in Humberstone-gate ; but after I bad gone a little way , on the road to his father ' s , I turned back to see if he was coming on with the other children : he was
staggering from one side of the road to the other . I said to him , "I am afraid you are very bad ; can't you get on 1 " He 6 aid , "No , my wench , I can ' t" I said he had better stop at the Waggon and Horses , and I would go andfetch his father . We got home about twelve o ' clock , His father sent for his sister , . Mrs . Spencer , who is rather better off , and she had some port wine warmed for him . He took fhts , and weavt to bed till tea-time . Then he ate some hot cake , drank some tea , and said he felt better : he told his father he thought he should be able to work that week . His father slept with him that night , and the next morning ( Friday ) I went to see him . He had some gruel , and afterwards some cake and tea for his breakfast ; he said he felt better , and
asked what I should get for his dinner ? I said I thought his sister would send him some , and I then went to get a recommendation for the parish doctor . He had some gruel for dinner , but I saw that his features were then greatly changed , and that hia speech wag worse . I ran and got an © r er For fcha parish doctor . The doctor was not to come till next morning ; but on Talbot ( Reheving-otiicer ' s assistant ) coming down and seeing the state my husband was in , he went and brought the doctor immediately . We had iwritten to hia father first to say how bad he was ; and the father had sent us some post office orders , which the Governor had kept for some lime—one for iix weeks : indeed , we shoxild have known nothing of
the order having been sent , bnt for some man comtng over from Leicester and telling us . I then told the Directors , who asked Mr , Palmer ( the Governor ) what he had to say about the matter ! Mr . Palmer madB a rambling kind of tale . We at last got the letters ; but not till the Directors had told the mistress they must be found—that poor people mu 3 t uotlose their lafters because they were in the poor-house . The letters were opened when we got them — ( this is a rule of the house J — but the post-office orders were in them : I do not know who had opened them . I had written to my husband ' s father to ask for a little money , m I thought a little tea and sugar would do my husband good . The second letter was in answer to one I had written to say we had just got the first . ¦
In answer to several of the jury , the poor woman said her husband was put to work at the pump while ne was so bad : tho doctor saw him , aud said he was able to work at anything he could do with one arm and the Matter said he would make him work I Tiiis was under the first doctor ( not Mr . Barton , who was doctor now ); he did not care about the poor , and gave them nothing . My husband had no shoes fit to go to the pigs in the field when he was sent there because he could not work at the pump . The second doctor gave him medioine directly he saw him ; but it was a fortnight after he became doctor before he saw my husbaud first , because the Master used to send him out to the pigs every day . Ho had a piece
of bread and cheese given him each day , but he used to bring it home to me because he could not eat it . He left off going to the pigs , about two months ago , because he had no shoes . He came to me once or twice at the wash-house . I had some beer for washing , which I kept for him , and my husband paid that but for this sup , be could not live . The mistress was told of this last Monday by some of the women ; she told the doctor , who said my husband mus « go into the sick ward . The mistress " jawed" me for giving him the beer ; said my husband was an idle fellow ; that he should do some work that week if Bhe could help it . I said " Indeed , nri ' am , he will soon die then ; " on which she said , * A good job , too , for we shall then only have to get him a coffin . " The rule waa for the women to drink to it
the beer in the room , but I used : pat on one side , and to bring it out for him , under mybaby s clothes . When the mistress was told of this , she came and seeing my beer ( a better kind of table-beet ) t » the tin , she made me drink it up , saying I should not keep it for my husband { Mr . Stakes here eaid this case ought to be reported to the Poor Law Commissioners : ihe law never intended that people should be pined in this way;—and some conversation followed , m the coum of which it appeared that Coventry bad a Local Act : still , Mr . S . said he thought the Commissioners woald have power to interfere in such a shameful case , and the jury espresssed a very strong opinion as to the conduct of all the parties connected with the Coventry House of Industry . Mr . John Holman Tosswill , surgeon to East Margaret ' s division , was then sworn—I was called on ( he said ) at half-past nine oa Friday night to see
Untitled Article
deceased , wha was dying : I had receivtitf no ordor , bnt , hearing the case was urgent , I weufc without one . I found deceased at his father's house , iasensfble and speechless : a great qaantity , of matter was discharging from a wound in his shoulderhis ehirfc was saturated with it . His pulse wa 8 scarcely j perceptible—his extremities wero cold—and he vras evidently dying . I ordered him hot brandy-and-Yvater through the night , and some arrow-root—hot bricks t » his feet and bottles of hot Water to his stomach and arm ? . I wished to kaow what was the injury to his shoulder , and therefore
introduced a probe , which went in a considerable depth . From the symptoms , he appeared to' be dyiag from downright inanition—want of food . There was no cough or appearance of other disease . One of his brothers had died of consumption six mouths before , but I do not think this was tho case with deceased—I cannot epeak certainly , however . He died at seven o ' clock the next ( Saturday ) morning , and they sent ] to tell me of it . His case was one which must have demanded good diet for some ^ time : I should have ordered this . I cannot speak precisely as to the immediate cause of death without an
examination of the body . The Coroner said he thought this was a case in which a precise opinion ought to bo given , or it would be unfair to the parties mentioned , and who certainly were implicated by the wife ' s evidence . — The poor man had spoken of being better after he came to Leicester , and of going to work a ^ , ain soon . One of the Jurors—That is an idea which dying men often entertain . Another Juror—It is clear to me that his death has been caused by downright cruelty . The Corouer—It would be unfair to say so with out an examination of the body , whatever wo may think . The Jury all expressed a wish that Mr . Tosswill should examine the body . Mr . VViJkin ' Bon ( Relieving Officer ) said every attention had been paid to deceawd from the time he reaohed Leicester ; and
Mr . Tosswill having said he should examine the body early to-morrow ( Tuesday ) morning , the inquest was [ then adjourned to six o ' clock that evening . :
SECOND DAY ' S INQUEST ( TUESDAY . ) The inqniry was resumed this evening at six o ' clock , wheni Mr . J . H . Tosswill said , he had made a post mortem examination and found the body to present externally a very emaaiated appearance . On moving the arm in the seckot , a distinct grating could be felt , indicating disease , and which examination had proved to be present . —Exterually beneath the collar bone wis an opening , into which a probe was introduced , and which opening communicated with tne joint , allovying the probe to touch the bcne 3 Ou laying open the shoulder joint , a great and long standing disease was fouad to have existed ; the head of the arm bone being found to be almost
denuded of cartilage , which had been destroyed by ulceration . —The hollow of the shoulder , on which the head of the bone rests , was also deprived of cartilage by ulceration . —An opening was also found extending from the joint downwards , to the ianer portion of the blade bone , which prevented the probe from penetrating farther . On laaying opeu the ohest , the lungs presented a healthy appearance , but general and considerable adhesion was found existing between the membrane covering them , and that lining the inside of the ohest—both of long-standing formation and of recent date . —No evidence of tubercular disease was present . There was a considerable quantity of fluid in the cavity of the chest amounting from two to three pints . The heart , liver , and stomach , presented a healthy appearance ;
the latter was nearly empty , containing only a greenish coloured fluid . The bowels were generally healthy , showing in only one or two esses any internal indications of inflammatory action , and that but of a very trifling character . The chief disease was effusion of water in the chest , a » d the extensive disease of the shoulder joint . The conclusion he came to , from tho examination , was , that disease was worn out by constitutional irritation , effuaipn of water iii the chest , and exposure to cold . The journey from Coventry to Leicester would doubtless accelerate death . The only chance for deceased ' s recovery was ) perfect quietness . It was a case requiring good and nourishing diet . A Juror—Is it possible that the medical attendant at Coventry could have been ignorant of the existence of the disease of the shoulder joint \
Mr . Tosswill—Am I bound to answer that question 1 i m Coroner- * -Yes ; I think so . Mr . Tosswill —/ perceived it , and therefore imagine others must have done so . ¦ By a Juror—Deceased could not pump ; and exposure to cold was as bad for him . Several of j the Jurors expressed themselves in strong terms of indignation at the conduct of the Governor of the House of Industry , of Mr . Watts , of the Miutr p s ' o , and" others ; and is Tras determined that these parties should be summoned to attend an adjourned inquest , at two o ' clock on Thursday .
; THURSDAY . The Coroner and the Jury re-assembled at two o ' clock to-day . Shortly after the proceedings had commenced ajlarge crowd assembled in front of the public-house where the inquest ve&s held . Elizabeth Robson , who had been brought from the Coventry House of Industry , was the first witness examined . Frbm her evidence , as given in , the Leicester Chroniclel it is evident that she had been furnished with ajgood tale to clear the Directors and Master . What the jury thought of her evidence will be scon in their verdict .
Margaret Hall , the nurse—an old Irishwoman was next examined . According to her there was excellent treatment given to all the inmates of the Coventry Hall ; she made , however , some rather startling admissions . She said , "His arm was bad ' he was bad inside too , and had a cough . He wished always to be down in bed all day , but the doctor told him ho wanted exercise and air for his poor arm and limbs . It was for his own benefit . One morning be could not get down , and he was Hot in time to get his breakfast ; and the master did not send it . He ( the master J has told me to day he sent it by the cook . I By Mr . Staines—This conversation took place in Leicester—not in Coventry .
By the Coroner—That day he came down for his dinner . This was about seven days before he left . He could not eat anything ; all he wished for was drink . He had no beer allowed him , bnt his wife gave him he ? share , and she was mobbed ( we understood ) for it . ! Heard the mistress tell deceased ' s wife about her giv ' : ag her husband her beer . I often gave him some of my beer . Deceased had medicine , but they gave him no wine . It was very hard to make him take his medicine . He had nothing but what was allowed on the table—no tea nor nothingonly gruel . If he did not go down he had no breakfast . [ " Gentlemen , that is my parish and my home , and I don't wish to be deprived of it , " B&id the witness , in this place , and she sobbed while saying so . ]
I gave him breakfast unknown to Mr . Palmer ( the Governor ) several times . He was not allowed a bed to lie on : not by the doctor . The doctor said he should not lie in bed in the daytime . Deceased lay on the bench . After the doctor had put the silver " poke" [ prob | c ] into his arm , and it spurted out , he was so weak \ he was obliged to lie down . There was no change made in his diet . A few days before he left he was measured for a bow pair of shoes , and hail them about four days after . None in the workhouse would fit him , his legs were swelled so . The day he came out , his wife came to him and said , "My'ladj come with me to the Board . " He
said , " I can ' t 6 peak , I am so bad . " She replied , "Never mind ; my lad , I'll speak for you . " He went to the Board , and she told me she had told the Board she would have him tome ; she would not have him theie to be murdered . Ha wae in tha laundry having a little beer , when he had left the Board-room , and the mistress ordered him to go to the doctor . He came up to the sick-room to take his few things with him , and his wife said to me , " Good bye . " S / said , " If you take him home , it is as much as I expect ; " he was so bad , he trembled like an aspen leaf . His wife said to him , " My dear , you feel worse . " He said , " / am—I am all'but Qone" I sawjno more ef him . for his break
By Mr . Staines —/ asked the master - fast when he could not come down , but he would not send it . He said the doctor had ordered Robson down , and he would not send hia breakfast up . Robson was nql fit to come down . We may do little things ourselves sometimes , but not with doctors orders . [ In allow voice —// we did not , God help ' em—they vtouldnt be there longl Mr . Watts was visiting director that week ; Robson was m the room on the Tuesday he came , but nothing was said to him . i ¦ _ _ ,, . Mr . Read—One day the master eaid he would make him work . ) By the Coroner—He was pomping one day when he was very ill . By Mr . Staines—Men with one arm or one leg are set to the pump . It is very hard work ; they must do it i they must fill the copper . He was aot so ill wheu he went to mind the pigs . He was called idle when he would not pump . ¦ _
Mr . Edward Bioknell , Burgeon , Coventry , deposed that he took it in rotation to visit the Poor House , his evidence only tended to confirm , though evidently not desirous of so doing , the testimony of the deceased ' s widow . He said , in conclusion —/ did not consider any alteration in his diet necessary : it was wholesome and good . He waa dissatisfied nothing was done to his Bhoulder . I injected into the sinus or his shoulder a small quantity of an astringent solution—sulphate of zinc It would do neither harm nor good . I did so three times .. After seT « r » l questions bad , been pui to thifi Very considerate doctor .
Mr . Browett ( who was chairman of the Board ol Directors when Robson came up } said that they gave Rebson and 'bis wife their disoharge upon their application for Ihem . [ Mr . Browett here gave a similar statement to that of deceased ' s wife of what took place before fti © Board ] After consulting
Untitled Article
together privately , we sent for the woman and told her it was useless her going to Leicester , unless they coald earn their Jiving . They said thoy could do so , and were determined to leave . Amongst other replies te question ? , put by Mr . Staines , the following were given : —It did not become mi to inquire zchetJier these people had money to carry them to Leicester . The local act does not permit ; a ? to advance money or anything in euch cases : w& have power to give relief in certain case ? . . . : After s ome more questions had been pat to this
' gentleman , " who in his replies exhibited a total want of the common fealings of humanity : — Mr . John Palmer ( Governor of the Wbrkhonss ) was called bnt not sworn . He stated , in reply to questions , that deceased would be in those parts of the house where he ought not to be ; he was very obstinate . H& came down to breakfast oa two occasions after the door was shut ; the first time his breakfast was sent up to him , the seeond it was not . He ( Mr . Palmer ) understood the doctor had said it would do him good to come down ; had heard it repeatedly said by the matron he was to have no beer .
By Mr . Staines—I am confident deceased received h ; s breakfast when he did not come down . I did not phut the dining-room door in his face the second time . I do not know that he had none on that occasion : there were plenty of people ia that room who weuld not eat all their allowance , if he had none sent up . The matron attended to the sick . By the Coroner—Deceased was ordered to the sickroom , because he would go to the other room and He down en the bed with his clothes on . By Mr . Sraines—Robson was treated as one who did not work . By the Coroner—Deceased was of an unhappy d » sposition , and so was his wife : she was worse than he ; and he would not have been as he was , if it had not been for her . By Mr . S&vrom ^ -Deceased teas an idle man and his wife was idle also .-l
A diet-table was here produced which presented a decent bill of fare for a workhouse . The evidence being now concluded , Mr . Rotherham made some remarks upon the case . The Directors had sent persons over to give evidence , ia order that all the information might be given which was required . He spoke of the prejudice of the family against the Directors , and contended that the strict letter of the law had been observed with reference to the case of the deceased . The witnesses , reporters , and strangers were then
called upon to withdraw , whilst the Coroner and jury were id consultation . More than half an hour elapsed before they were re-admitted : when they were so , the verdict of the Jury , as follows , was announced : — " That George Robson came to his death through irritation , brought on by disease of the shoul ~ der-joint and effusion of water in the chest . That his death was accelerated : by the inattention of the medical men of the Coventry House of Industry , and for want of proper nourishment while in that House . "
At the conclusion of the inquiry a large crowd , ( says the Journal , ) which were waiting the issue * gave vent to their feelings in yells- and hootings . Oa the Governor of the Coventry House of Industry making his appearance , he waB assailed with a volley of abuse , and the attitude of the people who recognised him was so threatening that he was fain to retreat within the house . He twice essayed to make his escape , but was compelled to seek safety ia shelter each time . So infuriated were the mob , that many said they would break the windows if he were not surrendered to them , whilst others thrust open the door , and exclaimed , 'Turn out the murderer 1 turn out the murderer !! ' At length Sergeant Wright , who empannelled the jury , sent for the police : and even then it was found impossible to get the Governor away , excepting in a vehicle . The fly drove off amidst the exercrationa of the assembled multitude , their curses being both loud and deep . "
ANOTHER HUMAN BEING STARVED TO DEATH . At an inquest on Monday night , before Mr . Higgs , on the body ot Morris Hearing tie wife ot deceased said—During the time the theatres are open I go out a charing to Mr . Simpson's , of the Albion Hotel , Brydges-street , from eight o ' clock in the morning until twelve and one o ' clock the next morning , for which I receive 5 a . per week . On Friday morning last , my husband had been ill for some time , I left home at eight o ' clock , and did not return until between one and two o ' clock the next morning . I was let in by the landlady , and on proceeding up stairs / found the two children huddled up in bed by the side of my husband , who was quite dead and stiff ; there was no fire or light in the
room , and the children said they had tried to wake their father , but could not make him hear . When I left home , there was nothing but two cold potatoes in the house , which the children told me their father had given them for their tea ; and all they had had on the previovs day was a piece of dry Oread * which , mv husband could not eat . I had applied to St . Giles ' s parish for relief when we lived , in it , but only received one loaf of bread ; oa applying a second time their answer was , that we must come into the workhouse ; but being able to obtain a partial livelihood at Mr . Simpson ' s , I declined the offer of the parish , and I afterwards removed with my family into Drury-court , when my husband continued to get still worse . I had not applied for assistance to this parish , thinking all parishes alike in their practice , and beiag afraid of being parted from
my husband and obildren . Out of my week s wages of 5 s . I have to pay 2 s . 9 d . Jor rent , aud I have parted with nearly every article of furniture to get necessaries for my husband and children . The Coroner , in remarking to the Jury the nature of the case before them , said this was one which required their serious consideration . Although there was nothing in the case to impugn the conduct of the parish oflicers , he did think that if they would more generally grant out-door relief , it would be io the interest of the parishioners as well as the poor . The Jury fully concurred in the Coroner ' s remarks * and after a short consultation , returned a verdict of " Natural death , accelerated by starvation . " The Jary afterwards collected some silver for the poor widow , to which the Coroner subscribed with his accustomed liberality .
IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT . ! A public meeting was holden at the National Hall , High-Holborn , on Monday evening , for the purpose of taking into consideration the conduce of the Government in their attempt to stifle the expression of public opinion in Ireland . At eight o ' clock Mr . Wuteon waa called to the chair ; the whole of the " Liberal" metropolitan Members were invited , but none attended . Mr . Hetherington stated that a deputation had ¦ waited upon Mr . Dnncorabe , who informed them that he had a relative layingidangerously ill at Nottingham ; he expected to be called thenea to attend his dying moments , or he would have been moat happy to have attended—( loud cheers ) . The following resolutions wb . ich were ably epoken to , were adopted unanimously : —
1 . That the rig ht of petitioning the Lsg ' wiature for a redress of public grievances , or the repeal of any Act of Parliament deemed inimical to the welfare and liberty of the people , is sacred and inviolable ; and any attempt to subvert that right by military force , despotic proclamations , or civil prosecutions , should call forth the marked indignation and constitntional resistance of every man wb « values political freedom . 2 . That the recent conduct of the Government m interdicting the Clontacf meeting , a few hours only before it was to have b 8 en bolden , after having for months allowed monster meetings to assemble in all parts of I reland , indicates a recklessness and incapacity on the part of the Irish Executive , which imperatively demands our severest reprobation .
3 . That Daniel tVCoanell , Esq ., M-P-, and hia colleagues , now undsf prosecution for having exai-eUed thei * undoubted right of meeting to Petition against an Act of the Legislature , and whe have uniformly conducted large public meetings in a peaceful and constitutional manner , are eminently entitled to pablio sympathy and support ; and this meeting hereby cordially tender them their best thanks for the judgment and humanity they bave shewn in preventing a collision between the people and the military . 4 . That while we acknowledge , in the moat nnequi vocal manner the grievances and mis-government under which Ireland has suffered for centuries;— 'the inequality of her political aud municipal francoises ;—the ebamelesa cruelty of her alien landlords to their wretched
tenantry;—the sectarian distribution of government and local patronage;—and above all the infamy of . the Irish Church Establishment;—yet we we are deeply convinced that the only hope of obtaining political justice for England , Ireland , Scotland , and Waleu;—the abolition of all monopolies , and the permanent prosperity ot oar country ; is by a cordial union of all classes of Refonnara to secure the Legislative adoption of the principles of tne People ' s Charter , "which , will confes upoa every man the right of being repressed la t&e Commons B ^ usa of Par liament ; and this meeting emphatically declares ita conviction , that never , till the whole population are faithfully represented , will their lights be respected , their interests consulted , or their happiness promoted .
Untitled Article
Reprieve . —The German now eonfined m Newgate , under sentence of death , ani who was t ? have been executed on Monday last , has been reprieved M il her M a jest y's further pleasure * Accident and Loss of Liss *« a \ >» Mine—A few days ago a serious ^ ^?^ S ^^ tended with loss of life , oscurred m Howgm lead m ? ne , W Brough , WestmorelanoV f oha ^ hompson , a fine young man , v ^ obelfta&eA to tha v ^ age of Stainton near Fenriib , and another ; Winer of the tm ^ SXTon , we *^ Sing . * »«^ £ and were in the ac * of stemming a bore vjitn an fron SfpreVxatwy to making a | ast : ttaJgwgj anforinBztely exploded , and theeffeot was such , and SeSjury whic / Thompson su 8 tavned wa « eo severe , that he died a short time afterwards m $ MW » gfagony . Campston was also most dreadfully mangled , and hid tecovetj is ecascely to be esnecteH
Untitled Article
_ THE NORTHERN star ; \ . f
Untitled Article
LIGHTING BY THE ELECTRIC FLUID . fFrom ihe Paris Correspondent of iht Globe J I have mentioned to you the discovery of Hie means < 2 rendering continuous , and fixing at a given point , lie electric flnid , va& making it applicable to the geneis ! purposes of lighting . It is now four years sinee tte finrt experiment « n thii Bflbject was made in pri-Tste ; bnl the discoverer was not able to induce any person to advance erenl | O 00 L lor an apparatus on a « nffidently large scale for a public experiment , Testerday evening , th public experiment took places at the Place de U Concorde , in the presence of several of the authorities , and from four" to five -thousand of the inhabitants of Paris . On one of the baseB of the statuea -called the Pavillion de Lille , a class globe of
Bpparently twelve or thirteen ineoss diameter , -with a aoveable reflector , wa * fixed in connection -with s foltaic fcaifcery ,. and , at a little before nine o ' clock , the electric flnid -was thrown iato it by a conductor . At this time all the gw lights of the Piace , about 200 in Snmber , ¦ were burning . As soon as the electric fluid appeared , the nearest gas lights had the same dnll , thick , and heavy appearance as oil lamps kav 9 by e » aids of gas . Soon afterwards the gas lights were PTtirigniabed , and tho electric light Shone forth ia all its brilliancy . Within one hundred yards o ? the light it was easy to read the smallest print ; it iras , in fact , as light as day . The astonishment of the assembled multitude "was very great , and their delight as strong as their astonishment . The
estimate made -by scientific persons who "were present ma , that the electric light vas equal to twenty of the gas lamps , and conseqnently that five of these lights would suffice to light the -whole Place most brilliantly . As regards the expense of production , nothing positive has transpired . The * lectrie light gives ont no bad smellj it emits none of those elements which , in the Jmrning of gas , are so injnrion 3 to health ; and explosion ¦ Would be impossible . Internal lighting would be as practicable as external lighting ; for , by conauctors , the ftnid -wonld be conveyed to ^ very part of the house . The experiment performed last night was with a voltaic lattery of two hundred pairs , composed us follows : — 1 st , an outer globe of glass ; 2 ndly , in this globe a cylinder of charcoal , open at both ends , and plunged in tie
j nirie acid contained in the outer globe ; 3 i 3 y , in the cylinder of cb&rcoaL a parona poieeLdn vase , containing acidulated -water . The pile mi on the Pavilion de IdllS ; the tsro coppf * eondnetow from the tiro poles , and pointed with charcoal , lead to an empty globe from "Which the air has fceen exhausted The two fluids on meeting-produce a soft bat mast intense light . I nmler stand that the experiment vras considered , highly successful by the authorities who were present , and that ii is to be repeated on : larger scale . Should the thing Work as veil in a general -way as it did last night , and the cost be less than that of gas , -which it must be , there till be a dreadful reTolBtien ia gss-worta . A company lor the supply of the electric light -wonld realise a b-iadsjoma profit on charging only a sixth of what Is now midlorgas .
ABTSS 15 IA- —Amongst the many "wonderful disco veries made by the mission to the court of Shos , in Abyssinia , one of the most extraordinary is that of a xn&grdficast salt lake , some distance inland . It is seven hundred feet below the level of the nearest Bea , of Which it has at one time obviously formed a portionbavin ; been cot off by the elevation of an enormous mass of volcanic matter -which now eeporates it from the brine . The shores sre covered with one thick sheet cf eryzialised s £ L The depression ol its surface appears to have been occasioned by ev&psration ; aad it is probable that , in a few years more , its waters 'will have disappeared—its basin farming an immense mass Of rock salt . Thongh Shoa is six or seven degrees sooth of Bombay , the temperature is so mild , that fires TreT 8 alwayB used ^ and the travellers slept under blankets . The capital is upwards pi 8 , 000 feet above the level of the Sf a .
MODERX Babbabish . —The Uaivers remarks ; " The f avernment , at great pains and expense , brought from S 3 lonica * nd Ephesns a magnificent Pagan sarcophagus and the entire frieze of the Temple of Diana . These relics of Grecian art , so valuable in tM . illustratlon of history , ought to have found grace in tbs eyes of the Conservators of our mnsenms ; bat they have been sn ? - lerefi to lie fdi ax months rofctiog at the foot of the colonnade of the Lonvre , on the ground -which served as the bnrying-plsce for the victims of July . Since their arrival in the inhospitable climate of Paris , they have endured more fog and lain than during their long existence in their native * o 2 . When the frost attacks them , nothing will remain bnt lamentably degraded fragments of what have cost several hundreds of thousands ef francs and the lives of seven men , amongst ¦» hom Tre have to lamest the unfortunate painter , Clemont Baalanger . "
£ LEcraoTTp £ B FiowjEES . —At a late meeting of the linnean Soeiety , 2 f . Brown , Esq ., in the chair , Professor Eorbes exhibited some specimens of orchidaceous fb- ^ ers -which had been elestrotyped , and -which bad a -very pleasing and Attractive appearance . This pracess , bo / wever , had not the" effect of altering the shape or characteristics ot me specimens submitted to ai , as they an retain their formation in a remarkably perfect Tunrmer . Thb sba , —The mean depth of ih » sex is , according toil Place , from four to five miles . If the existing waters "were increased only one-fourth , it would drowu the pttH *'; - with the exception of some high mountains . If the volnines of the ocean -were augmented only by one-eighth , considerable portiens of the present
continents -would be submerged , and the seasons -would be ebanged all over the glebe Evaporation wonld be so much extended , that rains -would fall continually , destroy the harvest , and fruits , and fiywers , asd subvert the irhole economy of nature . There is , perhaps , -nnHifng more beautiful in our -whole system than the process by-which the fields are irrigated from the skies ; the rivers sre fed from the mountains—and the ocean restrained within bounds , which it never can exceed so long as thai process continues on the present scale . The vapour raised by the sun from the sea floats wherever it is lighter than the atmosphere ; condensed , it falls -upon the earth in -water ; or attracted to the jxioaDtaics , it gatfaexs on t&eir summit , dissolves , and
perpetually replenishes the eondnits : the flaid is conveyed io the riven which flow © n the surface of the earth , and the springs -which lie deep in its bosom , destined to supply man with a purer element . If we suppose the sea , then , to be considerably diminished , the Amazon , and the Mississippi , those inland seas of the -western -world , -would become inconsiderable brooks : the brooks -would -wholly disappear , the atmosphere trould be deprived of its dae proportion of humidity ; all nature -would aiwmne the garb , of desolation ; the bird would droop on its -wing , the lower animals irould perish on the barren soil , and man hiiaself would -wither a-ffay like the sickly grass at his feet .
A "Ke-vf Light . "—Monday -week a private exhibition took place , lit the Adelaide Gallery , of Bunssn ' a carbonic battery . The novelty of the principle upon ¦ which this battery is constructed is this , that plates of esrbon are used in conjunction with the zinc in the jars , instead of copper as in the ordinary battery . By this means a much stronger current of electric fluid is obtained , and teing bronght to bear ( through the agency of a thin wire ) upon quick lime piic&d in an exhausted receiver , a light is evolved far more -whi ^ e and intense than any which has ytt been obtained by the oxyfcydrogen or ether apparatus . Previously to the
battery ' s being put in operation Hi . Jones delivered a short lecture on the b = sfc . mode of » 3 king the carbon for the plates in order to prevent its being too friable or too pxngnid ; and stated that although this invention was claimed by Bunsen , he believed it -would be found that we were indebted for the discovery of the principle to an Englishman , Mt J . T . Cooper . In confirmation of his statement , he referred his auditory to file Philosophical Transactions for 184 O . The pris-Static rsys were projected upon the ceiling , a photographic portrait -was tattn , and other interesting experiments were performed by means of the new light , all-with perfect success .
jfrff- 3 ? tr . e RsGEfR—A mechanic Rt Bristol of the S&me of Bican , has Invented a ponp and -fire engine , which , lor compactness and poTer * 'ia unique . It draws water at twenty two feet from the surface , and throws it to a great distance . Its cost is £ 20 , and it possesses an hydnnlic power equal to a large engine worth £ 170 or £ 180 . An experiment was made in the presence of several scientific men , and gave general satisfaction .
-
-
Citation
-
Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 25, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct509/page/7/
-