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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ADDRESS OF E . P . MEAD , OF BIRMINGHAM , 10 THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AXD IRELAND-• rbotheb Slates , — ' ve kick'd the long-fac'd ^^ Whigs completely overboard , A . canting set of hypocrites . ' I am glad that they are Moar'd . jbe Tories all we chuckling , and laughing in theii lad think to keep us rader ; the sanguinary thieves !
_ - A-nee t > sre sns now will set old Enn in a fiime , ^ so on the Yeomanry Cavalry will be at their old _ P ^ , T ' brother Ch&rtMa ! united be , and true , % won tke 7 * 5 ™ *¦» "diking men , another Peterioo . , ^~ , he ye all united , and watch their Tory tricks , ^^ fflLer , beys , toe fable of The Old Man and the Tjjae - B nothing else bat union and good faith will pre-Tail ; I iotb the name of union—though not a union gaoL
-fttei cm we hopa from Bobby Peel , the blood-stain'd cotton-lord ? VT 01 he relieve our miseries ? Yes—by a ball or iword . ¦ Jfbrt will the Qoeen Victoria do for her poor people ' s Trees ? Why . gfct ^ ^^ to ^^ * d 0 Z 8 nB '* rapp 06 © - lie tyrant aristocracy our rights will never yield ; li e Whirs , alas ! haTe scattered us , and now we shall be" Peel"'d , Xkdess in countless number * we round our standard
press , 5 be cotton-lords and landlords will give us no redress . Away with all your bickerings ; all minor points forego ; And show a b old , united front if you would crush the foe . O'Connor is at large again , Bronterre is in the field , . And let us stick to them like men , and not an atom yield . rp , up , 1 = countless thousands , then , ye British lions Ihe Charter—the whole Charter claim , and that will erre us more . ' yes full Acrarian justice by its means we shall obtain : v u ' the only file to eat our man-degrading chain .
TTcst though the Lovett-middle-men hare striTen to Xfcsnl God ! bat few deserted us : this ought to be our pride . Our strength is in our nnnibeis , and union is onr power ; Icen rally round jour standard , boys , and calmly wait your hour . gtfll Pr oTidence is working round the wheel within the wheel ; VThat can prevent His grand designs ? a Melbourne or a " Prt ! - B iirae-j by arrogance and pride—as tyrants always were—They cannot see their ebbing tide and their declining star .
Trras so with Babylon of old , -with Persia , Greece , and Rome , Tir&s so with our America , with France—still nearer home . Proud priestcraft , with its nattering breast , still bids them trust its word , And long-fac'd casting hypocrites their aid to them afford . With mighty zeal for " precious souls , " they gull the public mind ; Bat for the bodies of the poor no sympathy they find : They preach content to poverty , beneath the . tyrant '! yoke , And use , for their own Tiliany , religion as a doak .
Dissenter , Churchman , Methedist , together are combin'd To stem the tide of liberty , and reason ' s eyes to blind . Q-ns ' . ' B Gospel free , they all agree , to make of it a trade , And so the Temple of the Lord a den of thieves is made . Foe Xegroes , Indians , and Jew * , they make a mighty bother , Bat where's the saint amongst them all feels for his English brother . ' Te Caartiits bold , 'tis all for gold , they tell their saintly lias . I'll tail jou fco-w to slop their craft—By stopping theu supplies .
The thousands which they now collect will then be kept at home , To give to Chartist lecturers , who ne ' er abroad will roam . Salvation ' s tidings they will preach—but not as parsons do—They'll preach salvation for the sou ] , and for the body too . The money they receive will do yourselves and children 500 d ; Iwill buy you a free press , and buy your wives and eflhdren food ; Twill bring the hirelings of the press to find a proper level , And send the hirelings of the Church to labour , or the derii .
Toa have no need of priests at all : God's Spirit and his word And freedom to a Throne of Grace , onr Savicur hath restored ; Th £ poorest heart can heave a High , and drop the contrite tear ; By proxy why , then , need you pray ? To God youresIvcs draw near . There ' s prayer in groans , as well as words— O then dra-sr Dear God's throne—There ' s prayer in sighs and weeping eyes , though words you day have none ; G-o show your rap and misery , and sigh your wordless prayer , Too n&Te an advocate divine , for Christ will meet yon there .
The Great Hith Priest will aid your plea—of human priests what need , Jdy poor oppressed brethren , when he for you wiL plead ? Aad &s fur kings of earthly mould , no need of them I see ; The King of Kings alone shall have allegiance from me . ily Chartist friends , cpen your minds these things 1 wiaid impress ; Aad that ' s the reason why to you this letter I address ; 1 b Conrwsll here ' s a desert draar , where nothing ' s to be Land Bet apathy , and mental dearth , and biack alugs all ajoaid .
My month is shut : the XorVien Star is epen to mj , P « a ; And , through its columns , I intreat you , " qnityeurstlTes like men . " Be of one heart , and of one mind , avoid each silly jar That wodd disiaib your harmony , all brethren as you are . You csrsa b toly , just , znd right ; then one you ought to be ; Atd soon ycur " majesty aad might" the tyrant few will see . " Di-nde and conquer" is their word , but disappoint their lim ; T » qaarrel we can not ifilrd , for this will lose the game .
" Bear one mother ' s burdens , " each weakness strive to tide , And be the Corti * h battle cry your motto and your pride—Tit , "One and all , " to stand or Ml , our watch-word j £ ' it be , O'Connor , acd cm Chartered rights , strong love and SKVlll * : I am with you in life and unto death ; * the fattL Te ' JOTl ^ ° ^ d **** the Ciuirt 8 r kfce P
1 am , dear brethren , indeed , Your faithful brother , E . P . Mead Geld Sithney . ntai ilarizion , West Cornwall , September 28 , 1541 .
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KING D EATH . Kl ^ a h ^ h ^ -aely seat , ± s cthtTEoEaichs haTe ; B ^ ; r" ? S paU and wiEd ' : n 2 sheet « T . t . " ^?^ *«* vhe iast-niied g ^ ve . w- «^ e cross-bones thick and stroiz ¦ p T ^ UTts thtre > *» t seat to ' t ' hare , irTr eaii- ^ crm trailing along . " - tag Dafc £ it 3 on ^ gpectT& 1 throae t — ais looitool made of a church-yard stone ;
t £ ^ [ * 3 > aiai : tt y ^ « is heard in u . e rmkiBg marirer ' s scream « ttaa ringing out in the smdden shoat u . uit m adman ' s fevered dream ,--fill the iottd » y sua is di » ^ ^ the iloUftheleye rVspot S" "f ««« Imtm his book , aid the child his play , ^ f Da ' -h has riche * greater far
IhiSS t ercb » an stores n ^ ld ,-S , Tahieth nt the diamond rtu , Sr . v . ? « b » P bright gold . Vr v l the youB B < 1 beautiful Shut ft "i ?™ " * bresst that we IeTe **» »»«* Buut . tat nEath the ctSa lid . Jo t ^ T ? Vlth ^^ trta £ Qr « ¦ " •^ d not part £ L chage from Death the good man ' s ieart ?
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Low in the mouldering dust he hu thrown The dearest and rarest things ; The patriot kero ' s laurel crown AnA the poet ' s burning strings . Bnt he cannot make the green leaves fade , Nor quench the immortal fire : All else be may chill , but the wrath bieomi still , And » halo U round the lyre . For the nobly-won trophy shall aeT « decay . And th& songs of the gifted one pass net away . King Death , oh ! ho"T thou must chuckle to find The old man over bis gold , While he reckons the wealth he Must leave bahind , With hands all palsied and cold . Some heart will be sad when thou takest the bad , Or sealest the reckleat one ' s eyes ; For the tide that has thrown but the weed and the stone .
May hide pearls for the diver to priza . But thy work , King Death , shall cause none to grieve For the one who has nought but his gold to leave . King Death ! King Death i thon art strangely feared , Yet the wisest cannot tell why ; For the woes we have here are as sharp as thy spear , And wring many a deeper sigh . The happy and blest may dread thy name , But though terrible then may ' st be , The blighted heart and the brow of shame "Will . eageriy fly to thee . For the harsh world strikes with a wilder alarm Than the tyrant King with hU skeleton arm . Elsza Cook .
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TtlE ENGLISH MAIDEN ! HER MORAL AND DOMESTIC DUTIES . Lo . idon ; H . Green Clark ; Geoegb Bell , 185 , Fleet-Btreet . 1841 . This long expected manual for the blooming daughters of Eagland has at length made its appearance , and has already been hailed as worthy the patronage and countenance of those for -whose F-pecial advantage its paged have been written . We say special advantage , because , though a maiden ' s book , it contains mailer which may be avaiJable in every sta ^ e of life , and we will add that , while the advice aud instiuction contained in it is peculiarly adapted
to females , the general principles which pervade the whole vfiil make it a delightful companion to those of either sex , who desire to receive the benefit of inward axiorniu * :, and are intent upon laying a foundation on whir . ii to erect a superstructure of future excellence . The work is divided into fifteen chapters under the following heads : —Capacities of Woman—Influence of Woman—Education of Woman—Home—Society—Love—Siiitrle Life—Raasons for Marriage—Conditions of true Marriage—S&ciety of Young Man—Firsl Love—Conduct during Engagement—Conjugal and Maternal Duties—Trials of Woman ana her Solace—Encouragements .
In treating on these important Mibj-icifi , the design o ( the author is evidently to lead his fair readers into habita of mental culture . His aim is at once to please and u > instruct , and feel ing the immense importance of e = tabiiihing ri ^ hl principles in the human mind , and especially in the minds of those to whose care the formation of the character is usually committed , he has commenced his labour with an eloquent yet piain inves : i ^ ation into the capacities of women , and has done what few of his predecessors have tsk-. n the trouble to do , that is , pointed out the ground of that essemial distinct'on between the mii ^ da of the sexes which every one must adnm to esi 5 t , but for which very few have gone deep enough in their inquiries to ascertain the cause . TftiS gpeaking of the capacities of woman , he sass , pp . 3— o : —
" Bui mankind are divided into two distinct portions ; bearing , it is true , a striking similarity to each other , but bearing also the dear and indelible mark * of an essential difference , and impressing ug by their very appearane * with the convictian , for it amounts to nothing lest , that they were designed by their Creator to act different , though by no means discordant , bat , on the contrary , the most harmonious , parts in the important drama ef human life . Loot at man ' s erect and noble port , his bold and kindling eye , his broad and expansive chest , his strong and sinewy arm , and his very flesh of a texture which seems formed for endurance and to defy danger , and you will say at
once that the indwelliDg spirit which had formed to ; itself a habitation so constructed < and , be it remembered , , that e-rerj- essence is tbe secondary cause or creator of , its own form ) , mast be one to dare , t * know , to inves-| locate , and to push its reasonings to a given and deter-1 mined point . In a word , we should decide at once that | the whole form was the form of intelligence ; not , it is [ true , apart from , but in superiority , to the affections of ¦ the will , because , in the male sex , until a junction of ' same kind with the female is formed , man ' s affectioca all centre in self , and in that ca * e they become the willing slave of his intellectual pride , and minister to the ¦ gratification of all its selnsh demands .
Now look at woman , —seethe delicacy of her whole form , her flowing tresses , he * melting softness , her brilliant eye , her ivory forehead , her glowing cheek , her mouth radiant with smiles , of whom it may be said , — With what an airy and a sparkling grace , The language glances from her silver lips ' . Her dear kind voice , how exquisite it sounds , E'enliie a gentle music heard in childhood . Add to all this the swan-like neck , the modest heaving bosom , the urns ever ready to embrac * a friend , and the hand which seems to open spontaneously to relieve distress , and we shall at once be induced to exclaim , she was formed to love and to be loved ! Here is the form of the affections , as man ' s is the form of wisdom j and a correct judgment of ths relative equality of the sexes will never be attained , until the declaration of a great aut * or is understood asd appreciated , that "woman is the love of man ' s wisdom , " and that " man is the wisdom of woman's love . "
Thus we have arrived at the true ground of the differtnee which exists between the sexes . In the male b « x the internal man , that is the r * al man ( for the miterial body is but the shell or house in which man dwellsi , consists of the intellect as ita essence , and the affections as the form or body in which thatintellect Tesidts . In the female * ex the internal , in like manner , constitues the real man ; but in her the affections are the K ) ul , and her antithetical powers are the body in which that scul resides , and by which it manifests its
existence ; and hence we discover an inequality , but not an iiiferiority , and the inequality itself is productive of the most beneficial Tesults ; for it is in a true and jjennine marrisee that the perfection of hnmsn nature c-r . sists , and that true marriage is neither more nor less than this : —The intellect of the male conjoins itself with that of the female by its affections , thus losing hself in its like in her ; and the affections of the female btccme conjoined with their lite in the male , by the medium cf her intellectual power , and thus they are no more two , but one flesh .
" 1 . The Physical Constitution of woman is peculiar . In barbarous nations she has often been subjected to the same niannal exertions as man ; sometimes to those even more arduous . But the progress of refinement and civilizition aJ . ^ ays establishes a marked distinction between the two sexes , in this respect We iustiDetively pronounce her to unsex herself , who arms for the battle-field , or engages in those agricultural , mechanical , or other manual pursuits , which demand great bodily vigour . God hath made the sexes herein to differ , and man , we feel , ought not to confound them . "
1 This is genuine philosophy , and the more the subject is examined the more convincing will the i reasoning appear . The influence of woman and ' her consequent high responsibility is most ably I pointed out , and is insisted on , and as a consequence f the friend of education , necessary to fit her ior the I due discharge of her high duties , occupies a conj siderabie , share of the Author's attention . We are f especially pleaded with the manner in which the ! subject of moral culture is handled in this little i work . No one can read tbe chapter on Education ! without feeling the insufficiency of cultivating the | he * a , while the heart remains unvisited with those tender sympathies aud generous affection ? , which \ are the crown and the glory of our moral nature .
j The importance of a right attention to the duties ' of home is strongly pressed upon the reader ' s atteni tion , but we can cnly find room for a sitgle extract j from this portion of the work . We , however , select ' a gem from pp . 78—80 . Here it is : j " Another relation , happily suited to promote female , virtue , is that of Brother or Sis : er . Here are those I united , not only by nature , but 1 y all those sacred and 1 dear ties which belong to the associations of childhood . ; Theirs is not the conjunction for an evening of placets . j whose orbits lie all apart ; but it is an union that dates . from their earliest moments of life . And it is one as pure . as it is primitive ; giving scope for unalterable i attachment , and deep joys ; for kind effices , and sin-! cere virtue
] " " But let it not be imagined that all these fruita ! spring from the soil spontaneously . Not uf nectstity is ; a sister liappy in this relation ; and the reason is opparent She is not coerced into sympathy , and selfj fcacrificeand devotedness to her brothers ; and without ' these qualities no outward connexion briDgs peace and i pleasure to the heart It must be ber study to devise i means ' , frame plans , —and execute them faithfully , —of promoting their good . Her actions must be the still small voice , that conveys the rich tones of her heart If she refuse to enter into the ichemm and prospect ! of | a brother , and to render him those minute service * | which both indicate affection and prompt to it , she j will regard this relation as a dull thing . It may be , ; but a lource of alienated feelings , of vexation and ! fctrife .
; " * ' Especially must the sister guard well the avenues I of moral danger which beset her brothers . Ltt her j strive to make home attractive in their Eight By pleasaEt conversatien , and by reading occasionally a ¦ ¦ volume to a brother , Ehe may bind him to the fireside . i Does he desire to pass the evening abroad ? Betttr I join him , even at some cost cf personal ease , or of j taste , than leave him exposed to seek places of equi-: vocal character . Be his confidant , his adviser , constant
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in demonstrations of kindness . Perhaps ha is aiding your progress in the walks of intellect Bow can yon bo well requite his care , aa by a steady emanation of moral and spiritual light ? A sister ' s love is often an amulet to the subsequent character of % circle of brothers . She whispers to them , when on the brink of temptation . Her form is ever present Their thoughts wander often to their childhood ' s home , and in secret eU-communion the sentiment revisits the heart , — " For I , methinkB , till I grow old , As fair before me shall behold . As I do now , the cottage small , The lake , the wood , the waterfall ; And thee the Spirit of them all . "
All the other subjects are treated with equal judgment . Many a young maiden ' s heart will find itself reflected as in a mirror , and we trust many a resolution will be formed and kept to become all that is here recommended . The following remarks , from page 26 . should be carefully studied by all who wish well to their country and their kind . " The influence of woman is felt beyond the circle of her own fireside , in the well-being of her country . If this sex contribute so largely as we haTe affirmed , to the progress of civilisation and refinement , then can it be no little aid they afford , by their character and exertions , to the support of pure political institutions .
" In these latter days , what is to give integrity to the statesman , parity to the patriot , and traa glory to the nation ? It must be done in part by woman . Let her be educated , and above all , let her educate herself in intelligence , grace , and holiness , and we have so fear of cocfl cts abroad , or of perils at home . The little watchman , shut in the security of a glazed frame , does not more surely save the ship , amid darkness and storm , than does she who at the quiet fireside exerts the influence which the may , for her country , or son , husband and brother , to point out the path of political salvation , " We invite especial attention to the three next chapters of the work . From that on Conjugal and Maternal Duties , we extract the following remarks relative to the Duties of the Mother , the author says , pp . 194 . 195 : —
" The first requisite to the proper discharge of the important duties of a mother , is a due and entire acquaintance with the physical wants of children . It has been frequently observed , that of all animals children are the most helpless when they first come into the world ; how necessary , then , is it that those who have the care of their earliest existence should be well acquainted with the signs and tokens of their physical demands upon their attention and care . Let no mother , unless uniUr circumstances of the most pressing necessity , coneixn the entire care and management of her infant to another . God has given her peculiar sensibilities , which no one , standing in a more remote connexion with the child , can possess , and it is therefore her peculiar duty , and ouzht to b « her most dtlightful occupation , to minister to the necessities of the helpless being committed to her care . She who can voluntarily abandon her offspring to the care of others , forfeits all claim to the sa . cre > t name of mother .
" But not only should the mother have a competent knowledge of the physical wants of her offspring ; it is also essentially requisite that she should have a deep insight into human nature . It is from her that their expanding faculties receive their first impressions ; and such 28 the mother is , such , to a considerable extent , will the children be . A very slight observation will convince uny one -who will be at the trouble to make it , that the living spirit of the mother imparts its own impress and influence to the living spirit of the infant . Let her smile , and the smile is instantly returned ; let her frown , and sjdntss overcasts the drooping countenance of the observant little one . She is , in fact , in the place of God to her child , and fearful sura her responsibilities . Yet she has not been left destitute of divine aid- The vast volume of nature is spread open before her , and it is redolent with lessons of wisdom and love by which te train the candidate for immortality to his native skies . "
With this extract we close our remarks for the present , and most tincerely hope that every parent who wishes well to Ler daughter , will place the English Maiden in her hand . The work is elegantly bound in cloth , and we hope will have as wide a circulation as its merits deserve .
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of the petition to Lord Viscount Melbourne , one of which , his Lordship was ao kind as to forward to ber Majesty , Queen Victoria , at my request " The work takes » minute and comprehensive Yiew of the eflfects of a decimal calculation aa applied to Money , Weights , Measures , and Time ; and in reference to the three former subjeots , we think the reasoning is correct , and the facts and examples adduced satisfactory and conclusive , so far , at least , as wejhave been able to examine them . On the subject of Time , now-eter , our author has evidently pushed a favouritotheory too far , and has thus illustrated a remark of Dr . Johnston , that" whatever is designed to fit every thing will fit nothing well . " We see no occasion for an alteration in the number of hours in the day , though probably no inconvenience could arise from it ; but , as to reducing the twelve months into ten , the idea is one that could never be carried
out into actual practice . The duration of the year is evidently circumscribed by the return of the seasons , and the motions , real , or apparent , of the heavenly bodies . It cost much time arid labour to obtain a well-regulated calendar , but that has been done , with surprising accuracy , and the apparent progress of the sun through the twelve signs has established the solar year beyond the hope of any beneficial change . It is useless introducing confusion into the calculations of science when no adequate advantage is to be gained by it , and we confess we can discover none in a decimal division of time . We , however , cordially recommend the book to the careful attention of every lover of improvement , and hope that the arguments of the writer will meet with that calm , dispassionate examination which the importance of the subject evidently entitles them to receive .
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employer mutgive poukpencbper diem , at the least , so that the labourer was at liberty to hire himself or not ; and , you may rest assured , that wagea were oftener above the feorpence per day , than at it : and while the articles abovementioned were brought to market , and could not be sold only at a certain price , beyond which they dare net be sold , yet the person selling was often compelled to sell them at a lower price . Thus , tbb working man had a double advantage to what he has bow ; because , although provisions might be lower in price , and the rate of wages higher than specified by act of Parliament , yet wages could not be reduced lower , nor provisions higher , than the act specified . , " Bat , the best method to parsae is to give you a list of the prices of the same articles is the present day ; also , the avenge rate of wages of the present times , and contrast the prices of provisions and the rate Of wages of the present times , with the rate of w ^ ges and the pi ice of provisions in the times of our independent forefathers . " The average price of the following articles at present ore j— £ s . d . A fat Ox ... ... ... 20 0 0 Sheep ... — ... l lb 0 Goose ... ... ... 0 3 6 The doz ^ n Eggs ... ... 0 0 9 A Cow ... ... ... 10 0 0 A fa ^ Pig ... ... 3 3 0 A pair of Chickens ... 0 2 0 A cm&tter of Wheat ... " 3 0 0 The quart of Wine ... ... 0 3 4 The gallon of Ale ... ... 0 18 Shoes per pair ... ... o 10 0
Total ... 39 19 3 " You see , that the working man was enabled to procure the . whole of the above articles by twenty weeks' labour , at the former period , whilst in the latter period , it would take a man to work seventy-two weeks before he could purchase them ; the average rate of wages being now about ten shillings per week , which I shall prove before I have concluded thiB work . " It must be therefore , plainly evident , that the condition of the people , as far as plenty to eat , drink , and wear were concerned , was far preferable to what it is now ; because the working classes could command fourtimes as much of the necessaries of life then , as they
can nqw ; and this fact is borne out by the evidence of Sir John Fortesque , who wrote iu the reign of HenTy VI . — ' The people have plenty of fish , flesh , and fowl ; tfee best furniture in their houses ; they are well clad in woollen cloth ; they never drink water except in Lenten , or fasting days , but wine or beer ; ' yet these aie the times that are called dark and barbarous . It would be well , indeed , if the ' barbarous' custom of having enough of the comforts of life , might again be the lot of the labouring population . " He afterwards traces the history of those laws down to 1828 , and brings forward a mass of the most important evidence . At p . 29-30 , wo find the following fiendish "sayings" of two of the " cheap loaf" demons in reference to tho Now Poor Law .
" In juxta-poaition with this heart-rending statement" ( one made by Ashworth , in reference to the deatilution in Boiion , ) hear Mr . Ashworth on the New Poor Law bill . In writing to Chadwick , the Poor Law Commissioner , he says : — " Respected Friend , E . Chadwtck , —I take the liberty of forwarding for your consideration , a few observations on the New Poor Law Bill , the le . od . iwj principles of whidi J most cordially approve of , whilst in some of the details , I fear it will be practically defective . Full employment in every department was never more easy to be found than now ; consequently , wages have advanced ten per cent . This bespeaks a scarcity of labourers here , at the sanw time great complaints are made of surplus population in the agricultural counties . The ' suggestion I wish to throw out is , that steps ought to be taken to remove the agricultural population into the manufacturing districts . " Tutton , nearBolton , June 6 th , 183 * .
" What is the meaning of this , when fairly tested Why , that Mr . Ashworth approves of the principle of the Bill , which was to reduce wages ; and he knows very well , when once wages come down , they never rise again ; so that to make the Poor Law Bill work practically , stepg , in his opinion , ought to be taken to bring the agricultural labourer to compete with the already oppressed operative in the town , in order that the wages might be lowered . Mr . Ashworth , with all his philanthropy , felt extremely sore at the wages of the hand-loom weavers being even moderate ; and , to take the trifling comforts they possessed , he would bring people hundreds of miles from their homes , in order to reduce the miserable pittance even still lower . " Manchester , Sept 17 th , 1834 .
" I have for some time thought of addressing you on the same subject that my friemd Ashworth did some time ago . It must be looked upon as a happy coincidence , that at tha period of curtailing , or depriving perhaps , the facilities of gaining a livelihood to the people of half of England , and causing a fall in their present low -wages , and a scramble for employme&t , there should exist a difficulty of obtaining labourers at extravagant wages in these northern counties ; this fortunate occurrence shott ' . d be taken advantage of . —Extract of a Letter from Robert Hyde Greg , late MP . for Manchester . The author notices several other matters of great public interest , which our space forbids us to notice , and ably exposes the inconsistency and ignorance oi the Anti-Corn Law party : his pamphlet thus concludes : —
" in conclusion , Chartists of tbe United Kingdom , yours is a noble destiny ; oa you depends the fate of liberty in the United Kingdom , prove yourselves worthy of that destiny . Times of great political agitation arc approaching , in which you muat take a part ; the reign of delusion , of sophistry , of cant , and of humbug , is fast fading away , and tbe glorious star of reason is dawning upon us ; the sun of reason is beginning to drive the fogs of hypocrisy and knavery before its beams ; everything bids us advance and secure a constitutional , a moral , a peaceful , and a triumphant victory . Had we , in our possession , the sums the Corn Law repealtrs can command , we could Boon carry the
Charter by the spread of our principles . At the great Corn Law Banquet , held in Manchester , in January , 1840 , there was an account of £ 2284 accounted for , that had been expended by them in a very short time . This sum would pay eighteen Chartist lecturers £ 2 10 s per week for twelve months ; aud , if eighteen talented agitators could not maku a complete change in tbe minds of the people , in twelve months , I would forfeit my existence . And pray how was this £ 2 . 284 collected ? Why , in many instances , when the cotton lord had given his donation towards the support of the Corn Law League , he afterwards dropt his hands one-sixth , one-fifth , one-fourth , and in some instances one-third of their wages , to make up the sum giveu
away . " Brother democrats , it is time I should conclude this pamphlet , and my parting advice to you is , that you will keep united together , aud not allow yourselves to be divided ; other parties , in the end , will be forced to come and assist you , to obtain for you your just rights ; and , if by my efforts , I can only throw the weight of a feathsr into the scale of liberty against tyranny , I shall feel myself repaid for the little trouble 1 have been at Hoping that you will persevere in the good cause , and never rest satisfied until you are admitted beneath the sanc'uary of the law , is my most ardent and sincere wish . " We trust that this important pamphlet will find its way to the fireside of every labouring man in the United Kingdom .
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system of education , aud let then / be soundly convinced that a universal combination of skill and labour for the accomplishment of a universal purpose wonld be universally beneficial , and there can be no doubt bnt that mere self-interest , under the guidance of ratioii . il principle , will lead them to band themselves together for the accomplishment of such an object as that of tho fertilisation of the world . When the interest of mouarch * renders it necessary that they should combine their forces for tbe purpose of humbling an usurper or weakening the power of a common foe , their armies march into
tbo field , and death and desolation follow in their train . When a mercantile company is desirous of founding a colony , or of establishing a lucrative branch of commerce , the principle of self-interest unites the energies of its members , and givea to them a unity of purpose , principle , and action , which enables the coinpiuiy to succeed . The resources of * nation can be , and frequently have been , directed towards the accomplishment of a national ol ject Aud why , we ask , ruay not the energies' of mankind be brought to bea : on the accomplishment of such a mighty , glorious , and beneficial object as the universal fertilization of tha world ?**
No . 2 is on " Wealth-producing power . " After contemplating the strange contrasts ot gorgeous luxury and . squalid wretchedness afforded by the dense population of our large tmui , and especially of the metropolis , he puts tiu- question , "Is there at present a productive power in existence adequate to the supply oi' human wants V And in discussiDg this question h < - considers : — "First—The amount of manual productive power which each individual possesses . And " Second—Tbe amount of productive power which society possesses .. And " Third—The capabilities which the earth pleases for afijrding the material of wealth . "
In reference to the first of these positions , he quotes from Alison ' s principles of population , a .,.. i reasoned article , to prove that every man ptis ^ t .-. ses a productive power , greatly more tbau en nui it > his consumption .: In discussing his secoud prop sition , ho £ » ivos from Alison the following sweet p ! j ; forth © " Plague" gentry : — ** If , in order to test the comparative powers . ; f population and . production , it is allowable to put the physically possible , but highly improbable , ana morally impossible , event of an old state like the British Empire , doublfng in numbers every five and twenty years , it is of course necessary to suppose on the oiki side , the equally physically possible , but morally iin { . r .. » able event of the whole resources of the countrv being
applied , during the same period , to the production of subsistence . Now , if that were done , there cannot be the Bhadow of a doubt that the island couUi , in the space of five or ten years , be- made to maintain double its present number of inhabitants . It is state ' . by Mr . Cowling , whose accuracy on this subject is well knowa , and his statement is adopted by the learned aud able Air . Porter , that there is , in England am ! W& *^> 27 , 700 , 000 cultivated acres ; in Irelani 12 l ^ . ui' 0 ; and in Scotland , about 5 , 265 , 000 : in all ¦ l 5 , 0 ., ; i .: ' P 0 : and of these he calculates that there arc ; atpr « 5 * iK iiicultivation by the spade and the plough 19 . 237 . ottn *(? re 3 , and 27 , 000 . 000 in pasturage . " That is just aV-. ut two
acres to everj ? humaa being in the United Kuir . dmn ; the number of inhabitants in Great Britain aud Ir- laud in 1827 , being about 23 , 000 , 060 , and tbe sauic pr . portion probably obtains at the present time , w ' ^ on their numbers are nearly 30 , 000 , 000 . Now a fnll fo-. ^ p ly of subsitence for every living person in wheat , is u garter a year ; so that at this rate , there ia only one quarter raised over the whole empire , for every two ; ic : js of arable and meadow land . But an acre of ar . t ' Vie land yieids , on an average of all England , two qa ^ ti ^ vd and a half ; so that every two acres is capable , a * , ih- ; pre » sent average , ef maintaining five human being - ; or five times the present inhabitants of the empire "
• Porter ' s Progress of the National , vol . 1 , p . ti- 178 , 179 . While the . Malthuslan feelosofers are treat'd to the foJlowingsweet bit from another standard political ceconoiaist : — " For the capabilities of North America , " says Scrope , " we refer to Mr . Stuart , who , in his late ' -r <> rls : on America , quotes from the American Quarterly Riview a passage , the accuracy of which he confirms fr . m his own observation , descriptive of the great plain which composes the notaern portion of the basin of the Mississippi . 'It extends from the western slope of the Aileghany to the said plain , at the foot of the rocky mountains , a distance of about 1000 miles iu length , and from the-ralley ot the northern lakes to the moutll of the Ohio , a distance of 600 miies in width . ' ' It is
uniformly fertile , literally all arable . There are no sterile plains , no rocky or precipitous ridg * -K , and scarcely any swamps to deform its fiir surface . This uninterupted fertility arises from the decomposition of the great limestone pan on which it rests . ' < It is dry , clean , and healthful . In addition to its unlimited agricultural capacity , this great plain abounds in mineral resources . Ita coal fields would cover half of Europe . ' * Iron , lead , gypsum , and saltpetre are found in great abundance . ' * Here , indeed , every rood of land will support its man ; for of auch & region , without barren mountain , orwaste , where all ia healthful , wbtre no timber lands need be left for fuel , " with wrinwivl resources enough to stimulate all the arts , and contribute to supply all wants , who can say what is the limits of its fature population ? Europe could seat ali her nations comfortably on this plain .
" Mr . Smart describes all those portions of thij * vast tract which he visit « d , as consisting nnirormly of P / arie land , thinly dottedover ¦ with timber , like a nobkman ' a park in England ; composed of the richest vegntablo soil from three to forty feet deep , and producing from thirty to fifty bushels of wheat per acre , with oats and India corn in rotation , for an indefinite succession cf years without manure . He describes second crops of wheat self-sown from the Mere droppings of tho former crop , as producing thirty-four bushels per acre . ' and , with proper cultivation , forty bushels are sure to be obtained as an average annual crop . " *
" A simple calculation will shew ua that the plain thus described ,, contains 990 , 000 square miles , or 576 000 , 800 of acres . Let us allow something for tbe exaggeration of its description , and suppose only 50 (^ , 000 , 000 of 8 CT 6 B to possess the qualities attributed by these writers ¦ to the whole . Each acre , producing annnally forty bushels of corn , would well support a family of four persons ; ao that here , in Otis one valley there is ample room for Jiuice the entire population of the globe , to provide themselves with an abundance of the most nutrition * food . And this is but one half of the basin of but one American river . " * Stuart ' s Three Years in America , vol . ii . p . p . 287 , 404 .
The author ' s style is simple , flowing , and perspicuous . But his forte stems to lie , not so mvich in original composition as in compilation , iu which he exhibits great and laudable industry . These essays are calculated to convey a large amount of useful information in a pleasieg and inexpensive form .
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The Scottish bench job is now consummated . The Lord President has resigned . The remedy for the slipping off the covers of newspapers , whvther by accident or otherwise , is writing the address of the party , &c , on the paper itself , which is allowed by the Post-office authorities . It is not true that any scheme for the increase of the existing rate of postage is at present under the consideration of the government . —Morning Post . The DisriLLKBS of Ireland held large meetings in Dublin on Tuesday and Wednesday last , for the purpose of bringing before the Government the depressed condition ot their trade , arjsiug from the state of the law as regards the intercourse between England , Ireland , aud Scotland .
Oppression under the Turnpike Act . —Mr . Holland , of Dumbleton , uear Evesham , furnishes us with the particulars of an instance of magisterial injustice inilicted on William Slatter , a labourer } employed by one of his tenants . The man , being footsore , had got up to ride on the shafts of htswag ^ on , when he was observed by a policeman . T « b days alter , Slatter having gone to bed , was roused from sleep , and told that a policeman had come to serve a warrant oh him . He instantly accompauied the policeman to his master , who offered to be responsible for the man ' s appearance at Tewkesbury the following morning . The offer was no * accepted , and Slatter started with the policeman , for the Station-house , about two miles and a half from hamlcuifed to
Dumbletou , and on the way was a man charged with theft . The handcuff * were kepfc on them for the best part of an hour after they had arrived . The next morning Slatter was again handcuffed to the same man , and they were marched to Tewkesbury , a distance of six miles and a half , without food . He confessed his fault , and was convicted . Our correspondent says— "Remark the craelty of tho whole proceeding towards this manfor having committed an offence against the Turnpike Act 1 Had he been guilty of the worst of crimesrobbery or murder—would he , before trial , have been treated with greater severity than he experienced in this instance for riding upon the shafts of his waggon 1 But it was not personal oppression alone that he experienced , for in eonsequenoe of a warrant being issued t , larger sum . was demanded from him by w * y of oosta than would have been nad&nere
summons been served upon him . A precisely simflat case was brought before the . same bench of magis trates on thesajioo day j ihey ' werp , twin cases ; jaj how differently , were the defendants dealt with—UMi one man waa served with a , &u » moas , the other witti a vrarrant—one man was allowed to , sleep at hom 0 and breakfast in the morrnin * ,. \ ha other was xeuaei out of his' sleep ofer » BlgfcjL eojisiftaed to a Statioahouse , conducted , hwdCttfcd , aad . without food tiw next morning , a distance of some miles . Eleven shillings covered the costs of the more . fortunate man ; the other ' s expencea amounted to fifteem shillings and ninepence . Bub then , by the Turnpike Act and the , Highway . Act a ! driver may be apprehended * with or without a warrant / How necessary it ia that an Act of Parliament , authorising magistrates to deal with offences not strictly criminal should declare when a summons is to be issued , ana when a warrant . "
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THE DISTRESSING CONDITION OF OUR POPULATION , with a Plan for their Immediate Relief . Suggested by Henry May . London : Strange , Paternoster Row , aud all Booksellers . 1841 . Price One Penny . This little pamphlet may be regarded as another evidence that we have not laboured altogether iu vain , ia striving to direct attention to the fact , that the great evil existing in this country ia the unnatural state of society ; the desertion of the "land , the mother of all wealth ; of the green fields , and pure air ; the media of health and enjoyment ; for the huddling together of human beings in immense masses of living misery , disease , and crime . After giving from the authority of Parliamentary records a fearful picture of the almost universal destitution pervading this the richest of all tho countries upon the face of tho whole earth , the author proceeds to adduce his remedy as follows : —
" Let us mnke a sh «* rt comparison between the value of land used solely for agricultural purposes , and ths mode suggested of having a mixed population partly engaged in agriculture and partly engaged in manufactures . Lot us suppose au estate consisting of an area of two miles square . This area would contain 2 , 500 acres . Let us suppose this let at £ 1 per acre , to what the landlords are so fond of—five large capitalists , having each about 500 acres in his farm . Each of these farmers may be supposed to employ twenty labourers , making altogether one hundred labourers and families , which " Is a large allowance , as a considerable portion of these large farms are generally in grass . On this estate , as we have already seen , unless prices are fictitiously raised above 50 s ., the landlord can get uo rent
from the profits of produce . If ho get rent it must be , according to tbe above evidence , from the tenant ' s capital . Now . it would appear , that on this estate there are the five farmers and their families , and one hundred labourers and families , none of them in prosperity ; but if , instead of this being applied to the men of agricultural capital , it is let for the purposes of manufacture , let us see the difference . For manufacturing purposes it wonld supply four hundred and twenty-six families with ground for a cottage , and six acres of land each . If we average the families at five , the population would amount to two thousand one hundred and thirty persons ; but it will not be an unreasonable assumption that each family might supply two bands for manufacture , leaving the bead of the family to cultivate the land . Supposing , then , tbat a factory was established in the centre of this estate , by which two members of each family conjointly could
earn wages to the amount of even 15 s per week , tqual to £ 39 a year . The tenant and his family cauld subsist on tha produce of the soil—could pay a sure rent out of the wages , ami have a lar ^ e surplus for extra necessaries ; if the rent be taken at £ 2 per acre , or £ 12 on tbe six , they would thus have an overplus from wages amounting to £ -27 , tor their own benefit , to improve their condition and supply them with comforts . Such vrould be the contrast between property let to manufacturers , and a property let to agricultural capitalists . In the one case there would only be one hundred families supported . These hundred labourers' families would be half starved , while the tenants would become bankrupts ; in the other case , tnere would be four hundred and twenty-six families supported in every comfortthe proprietors' rents would be secured—there would be no need for Corn Laws , because the landlords' interest would not depend upon the starvation of the people , but ob the increase of the profits of industry .
" Snch would be the kind of property I would like to possess . I do not spsak of this from theory alone , but from experience as to a small portion of land for the maintenance of a family , in which I will venture to assert , I shall be borne out by hundreds of individuais . " I propose , then , to raise a sum of money by five thousand £ 20 shares , and having before me the particulars of an estate for sale , of 2 , 400 acres , at an estimated rental of £ 1 , 000 per annum , containing a township , parish , and manor in itself , I recommend the immediate purchase of it . No jealousy could arise as to the possibility of , at any time , encumbering tbe parish . There ia a fine stream « f water running through the estate , for the erection of mills , &&
" But there is no time to be lost ; it is hoped there are many good and kind-hearted individuals who would cheerfully and speedily aid such a plan , and if many would set about * doing likewise , ' a great and mighty change * * condition of tens of thousands of our starving fellow-creatures would ppeedily follow . It would tend to quietness and good order , because every family would have a certain amount of interest at stake . " Thoso who have read Mr . O'Connor ' s Letters to the Landlords of Ireland will find nothing new in the principle of Mr . May ' s proposed remedy for popular diBtreBs , nor in the reasoning by which it is supported . We think that a good thing cannot be said too often , by too many different people , or in too many different forms , and , therefore , we are very happy to recommend this book to the best attention of all true philanthropists , aud the remedy it proposes to the adoption of the working men wherever practicable .
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AN EXAMINATION OF THE CORN AND PROVISION LAWS , FROM THEIR FIRST ENACTMENT TO THE PRESENT PERIOD . By John Campbell , Secretary to the Executive Commiueo <> i the National Charter Association . Manchester : A . Hejwood , 50 and 60 , Oldhamstreet . 1841 . This ia an able pamphlet , by an honest and worthy working man , in which much most important information is condensed , and presented to the people in an intelligible form and at an extremely cheap rate . We have here a body of facts , figures , and calculations , drawn chiefly from the works of Corn Law Repealers , or from tho calculations of those
to whose writings they are iu the habit of making constant reference , which cannot tail to set the repeal humbug in its true light ; and to convince the most sceptical that the ouly design of the coucocters of the " Flague" ia to cheapen labour , in order that they may coin more gold out of the life-blood of their slaves and bondsmen . Mr . Campbell has divided his subject into the subjoined subjects of inquiry , into each of which he has entered in a clear , plain , and forcible manner , calculated to afford much information and carry conviction to the minds of all who are not determined to exclude the light . He sayB " the question of the Corn Laws must be discussed under the following six heads
viz : — 1 . How long haa there keen a Corn Law ? 2 . For what purpose were Corn Laws originally enacted in this country ? 3 . Who are the parties that are now seeking their repeal ? 4 . What are the motives of these parties ? 5 . What would be the effects of their repeal , ( without accompanying measures , ) to the working classes ? 6 . By what means are they to be repealed ? And he then proceeds to give a brief exposition of the origin and progress of tho various . euactmenta relative to food from 13 G 0-1 to 1534 , and then he proceeds : — " You must now plainly perceive , that any individual employing any other individual , could not , according to act of Parliament , give Jess titan fourpence per day . He might give more , but he could not give less .
" The price of provisions , being regulated by act of Parliament , 34 Edwaid IY . chap . 26 , was as follow * : — £ a . d . A fat Ox ... ... ... o 16 8 Sheep ... ... ... e 1 3 Goose ... ... ... o 0 2 j Tbedoeenof Eggt ... ... o 04 Cow ... ... ... 0 12 0 Pig ,.. 3 4 A pair of Chickens ... ... 0 1 Average price ef Wheat per quarter ... ... 0 6 9 The fuart of Wine ... 0 1 The pMon of Beer ... 0 9 1 Shoes per pair ... ... 0 0 4
Total ... 1 19 4 Here , then , there was something like justice meted out to the working man . You perceive , that the l abourer , in the course of twenty weeks , could earn as much as would purchase the liat of articles enumerated abo / e ; but the labourer had a greater advantage than appears at first eight ; that the act distinctly specifies that the
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PHILOSOPHIA RATIONALIS : a series of Essays on Theological , Metaphysical , and Politico Economical Subjects . By James Napier Bailky . Nos . 1 and " 2 . London , Cleave ; Leeds , Joshua HobsoH ; Manchester , Heywood ; Glasgow , Paton and Love . These essays , as far as they have yet gone , evince an extensive course of reading , and are evidently the result of a benevolent and philanthropic mind . They are , perhaps , chiefly valuable for the mass of facts and reasonings , which , from a variety of valuable aud expensive works , such as seldom come within the working man ' s reach , are brought to bear upon the several subjects of discussion . The first essay is on the universal fertilization of the earth , in which the author quotes largely from Malte Brun , Bell , Professor Duiiglison . and Col . Francis Hall , to
show the effects of climate on the human constitution , and the manner in which climate is affected by the quality of the soil and its mode of cultivation all tending 10 establish his position that a universal scientific cultivation of the earth would , beside rendering it productive of aa unlimited supply of wealth , go far towards the correction and amelioration of almost all the physical disadvantages ariaijig from an insalubrious climate . This he contends , and rightly , would conduce greatly to enhance the happiness of all mankind . He does not , however , in this essay , exhibit any plan by which this desirable object , the universal ferraiiz * tion of the earth , can be accomplished , except , indeed , by the following allusion to ' that ' unanimity of purpose among men which , once obtained , would make easy to them the accomplishment of any object which did sot counteract the very laws of being .
" It is natural for the cautious and deliberating mmd to exclaim , ' all tkeseresults which you predicate of a universal system of ueientificAultlvation art exceedingly beautiful to loot . upon in perspective t kut how can you establish the system which is to be the parent , of « ch a delightful series of tflfecta ? How can you cause men to join themsfclves together for the accomplishment of a comawn object ta , *«»*> « "i yet so beneficial to mankind V In answer | p Jjfcese ^ ueation * . I need only point to the progress of national improvement ; to the march of intellect and of civilization ; to the breaking up of old notions ; to th « dissipation of long established prejudices and to the marked decay of that reviience for time-hallowed institutions which have marked the lapse of the last ten jean . A change has come over us which passes not aa a summer cloud , unheed « d and uucazed for , but which truly excites our wonder , and warrants us to anticipate still greater things of progressive humanity . Let men receive the benefits of a universal
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A NEW DECIMAL SYSTEM OF MONEY , WEIGHTS , MEASURES , AND TIME , proposed for adoption in Great Britain . By DfcCIMUS MiSLEJf . Esq . Londou t Smith , Eldkh , and Co . 65 , Cornhill , J 841 .
It has been a thing which has on many occasions occupied public attention why our monetary system was so complicated , and why it was a matter of such difficulty to keep correct accounts . It was not found to occasion much trouble when money had to be received by pounds in hundreds or thousands , because in all these cases the sum could be divided , rednced , or multiplied by tens , and this was a method so simple as to be easily impressed upon the memory , and to serve for & convenient reference ac all times . But come below a pound and then begins tho reign
of confusion . A shilling is not the tenth of a peund . And when we descend still lower matters become snll worse . A penny is the twelfth part of a shilling , and consequently a farthing should be the twelfth part of a penny ; but instead of that it is only one fourth of the latter sum . This occasions in the transactions of business a mass of trouble and inconvenience , aod frequently of positive loss owing to the complicated calculations into which it is fouud necessary to enter , by which also much valuable time is wasUd , and the actual cost of an article to be ascertained .
The fcanie confusion exists in reference to weights and measures . We have iu neither case a fixed standard by which lo proceed . We know that twelve inches make one foot ; but then the principle of measurement is not carried out . We cannot multiply twelve by twelve , and find the product one yard ; it would be four yards . It is the fame in the measure of liquids , two gills make one pint , and two pints icake one quart ; but here the standard of measurement changes , and we have four quarts to make one gallon . If we go to weights , it is just the same . One thing is sold by the pound Troy , and another thing by the pound Avuniupoise , » nd even this is not the
worst . Sixteen ounces make one pound ; but we have only fourteen pounds in the ^ tone , and only eight stone in the hundred weight . Now all this occasions , in all the transactions of business , a waste of time a-nd energy , which a more rational , because a more natural , system , would enable us to avoid . And this would be effected by the establishment of some denomination of monoy , weights , and measures , a . s the unit , and addiyg . dividing , reducing or multiplying by tens . This method would 6 ave an immense amount of time and labour , would leave in the progress of education » va * t increase of time to be employed in the acquisition of knowledge of other and varied descriptions .
We nave been led to the ? e reflections by the perusal of the very able work named at the head of this article , a work bearing the impress of much thought , aHd calculated , we think , to draw the attention of the public to a most important , aud , at present , most inconveniently managed arrangement of the trading community ; an arrangement , by the way , which occasions no small loss annually to those classes of society who are obliged , by their poverty , to purchase the necessaries of life by small quantities , and consequently at a dear price , and at a considerable sacrifice , The author thus explains what first induced him to turn his attention to a reform of the coii . age , and points out a most mischievous result which would follow the adoption of a decimal regulation of the currency without duly regulating the farthing in the same way , as proposed by Mr . John Watt : —
" In the early part of my life I acted as one of the clerks in the counting-housa of a respectable firm in London , in wliiefe situation I had to go through a vast deal of labonr in adding up the sums of long columns » f money in the large folio higers and journals of the concern . Although a pretty good accountant , yet I could not feat observe wbat & deal of time was consumed in the reduction of the pence into shillings , and en tke contrary how quickly the shillings were set down in pounds . As tiaie was most precious when t lit re was a press of business , it was frequently a scarce of some vexation not to be able to get on faster than 1 could , And I soon found oat and attributed all the blame to the method of compound numbers and the wunt of a deciDi&l notation of money .
" Candour obliges me to say that I was not a little gratified as finding tbat I was not tht only one who had viewed tLe faults of the English system * f accounts with a patriotic desire for its improvement , and I wm glad to see the facility and simplicity of his [ Mr . Watt ' t ] scheme , and the piain and ii-. telligible way in which he bad set it forth ; but on a further examination of the tables ef his Ready Reckoner , I found that bis calculating the farthing at its old value made 2 old shillings snd a penny in&ttad of only two old shillings , equal to one decimal shilling ; 4 old shillings and 2 pence instead of 4 old shillings , for 2 decimal shillings ; 9 decimal shillings and sixpence instead of ten , for one pound;—96 pounds equal to 100 pounds;—and 100 pounds new , equal to 104 pounds 2 shillings and 4 pence old money ; and so on . Supposing , therefore , that the deaimal division should be adopted on this plan without an alteration of the farthing , it is clear tb » t a man with a
salary of £ l 0 t per annum , wo » ld only receive £ 96 , and be a loser of £ 4 per anaum , whereas any change in the money of the lower denominations , such as the farthings , certainly ought sot to reduce the number of pounds sterling which a nan has been in the habit of receiving u salary or i > come . Such a system of calculating the old money into tbe sew , if carried out , would have produoed dismay and opposition in thousands of people . I , therefore , printed a petition in 1838 , praying for the adoption of a decimal coinage , to go Liind in hand with Mr . Watt ' s system of decimal account * , but with the recommendation that a new farthing of a trifling leas value than the old , should be coined , so that one hundred should be equal to a decimal or double shilling , and ten of the latter be equal to one pound sterling , which would at once save the tecesiUy ef any Ready Reckoner , and be also a great taring of time and trouble . I sent two or three copies
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THE MOUTHER * STAR . 3
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Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 16, 1841, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct570/page/3/
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