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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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ULEXiAND . T . HE SKTBBBKEEN DEMOUSTBATION . { From Ike Cork ' Exaxniyser . ) ' . ' ¦ SKTBBEKKESjTHinaSBAT Kight . —Thedemonstra-Hon made in favour of the regeneration tf Ireland , as , -well as the reception given to the Liberator , in this , secluded iad far distant portion of our island , nave ' irell-iiil& eclipsed , in zeal , in devoSon , in true Irish enthusiasm , anything of the Mad we hare witnessed since Vha commsncenLEnt of the present glorious movement . " , I It is altogether impossible to fonnanythicg approach- ' ing to a correctestimate of the numbers tistiaWe ^ on this " occasion , 01 to speak in too high praise of their \ order , decorum , regularity , and discipline . Uot only ; were the roads cohered for miles far as the eye could isaefa , but ibcnsands occupied lhe heights and pasEtal throngh the fields , . making the -welkin rins with their acclamations , snd ponriEg blessings on the father of bis country , whs r&turzied their greetings "with afiesnocaie
• warmth , exclaiming , " Repeal , "— Old Ireland *—and looking S 3 bnoyant , ss cheerful , and as -cell as he did twenty years ago . Such s procession was never before "witnessed in the Cafberits , perhaps we may Bay , in the South , xx ia any other part of Ireland- The population too of this district is far more numerous fh » Ti in the most fertile districts , where the zapping avarice of the landlord class has thinned the rjoiksoi the people ; and ¦ when it is ' known that Tast numbers c ^ me s distance of thirty and forty miles , "we believe we are within the limits -when we say that between 500 . 000 and 600 000 people urete present , cr about , three-fourths of this great connty . On the myriads went , shouting , cheering , and greeSng the Liberator- Having pass = 4 throngh the "town , ihe procsssion prcceesJrd by Marsh-road to the place of meeting , toe h 21 cf Carragb , oae of the ieantifsl ranges of high land with which the t « wn is encompassed , and from which there is a view as boui , as magnificent , and sublime assay oa which the eye of the painter could desire to rest .
The " Liberator ' s" appearance on the platform was hailed with tremendous cheering by the congregated myriads . On the motion of tho Rev . D . Doke , parish priest of Coleragb , seconded by the R = v . J . AiCLCAHT , parish priest , Union-hall , 21 r . Daniel il'Carthy , cf Loughlna lodge , was called by acclamation to the -chair . 3 ir J . S . Laxos came forward to propose the first resolution , End was received with loud and long-c » nti-3 med cheering . He scid , thank God , my fri _ nas , for I thanfeiny God . that I am a Repealer . ( Loud cheering » 2 thaixk say God that my zxatxre mountains of Kerry , sX
the loot < rf ene of which the Liberator of tiia country lests- ^ Ithaai my God , I say , that they do not this day lock down -npon me a noc-Repealcr , or thai which is as bad , one who is so in his hearf , bnt has m » t the manly ecrarage to stow it ^ Tehement cheers . ) Yes . I call on that sacred name , in lie first place , to thank Him that I am a Repealer , aafi 1 call upon yon to thank Him also ; for lately in the House of Commons a Tile traducer , in reference to those of the religion which I profess ,, hesitated not So proclaim that -sre are a nation of atrocious perjurers . ( Cries of * ' Oh I" and groans . ) A voice—He lies . ( Lond cheers . )
ilr . S . LaIOE . —Thank God I am here as & Repealer before an asssjnbly of at least 400 . 000 Irishmen ; and to Mm who had the insolence to accuse the Catholics cf Ireland of perjury , 1 say to him , and before you , he lies . ( Vehement cheering . ) He lies damnably—be Be *—hs lies insolently—and I wish to < Jod I was in the House of Commons to tell him to his teeth * ' you lie . " ( Prolonged cheering . ) I am not like O'Connor 3 km—I am not Ska da gentleman -who ia satisfied that he should be called a perjurer , provided it be done in a gentlemanly way . { Hear , hear . ) I say , then , before thin enormous mass—1 say before the ProV * - tnnts as -well as Catholics , fur that there are many Protestants hare 1 fcar ? e the honour of knowing , and fiiey will ieax me * mt in what I say—I say , then , before you aSl , Sir James Graham , « yon Be . " iTenement cheering ) How many hundreds of thousands do I see here ? A "Voice—3 Iore than half a million—( cheering . )
Mr . S . Laxob—Our first duty then , in accordance with the resolution which I hold in my hand , is to ex- ; press loyalty to our most gricLous , gur most btloved , our most adored Sovereign—the Queen—( tremendous cheering . } And 1 tell Sir James Graham th&t-hs is a doable perjurer to that . Queen who seeks to affix the stigma of perjury on a nation that embraces the most moral and the most loyal portion of her subjects—( continned cheming . ) Away then with Sir James Graham ! "What u Ha first feeling yon have expressed here ? T « u , 400 , 000 men , give the Be to Six James Graham— and next yon express your loyalty to our Gracious Queen—cmore cbeeriDgO One hearty cheer for the Onsen—teatlinsiasiae cheering , -trhich continaed for j same time . ) 3 would aik Sir Hubert Pe * l---I would j ssk Sir James Graham , I would ask Lord Brougham , ! if that be a disloyal cheer ? It comes irem the hearts
of -400 . 000 men ; and yon give i ; intbe sincerity of your affectionate ileTotiDn , sltei having firs :, given the lie to your traducer —( cheers . ) Wfcat brought yon here ? A Toice—Ths Repeal— floud applause ) 3 J 3- S . LiXOK Ton -want sonctbin ; . "Syiiat is that ? The KepeaL WhaX mdoces you to setk if ? Ton are ths most miserable , ths most wretched , ; nt thB aobltst people on God ' s earth , and you are dissatisfied that yon should loDger remain miserable . Ton are the most miserable , however , aod ths most injured , and you would be the most debased , only yeur own noble nature prevented that—Icheering . ) Mr . COPPrsGKB , in seconding the resolution , said that it had been epoken to with wi-Ji % o mcch talent . energy , and truth , that he would not detain them by any observations , knowing their anxiety to hear the liberator—ilemd eheers . )
Mr . aa'CABTHT JJowyrKG came forward to propose the next Tesoluticn , and was T&ceived with loud cheers . He said they had been charged with an intention to proToke a rebellion in Irelan .-L He was surprised to hearsome Protestants say so ; whilst he was aware that many of them , as that meeting testified , entertained no sneb atrocious idea . ( Cheer * . } Good God ! had not they as many endearments in life as those who charged them with this crime ? Had they not wives and children ? ( Loud cheers . ) Hid they not every inducement that their opponents had to desire the blessings of peace ? { Cheering . ) What reason , what motive , what objsci could they have in lvokicg for rebellion ! Was it to encounter Htr Majesty ' s troops ? Was it to abandon the last plank , ¦ whilst ihej had fas we understood ) the ship of the con-Btitution for safety ?
Mr . ~ E . B . Roche , M . P ., then came forward amid letid and enthusiastic sppliase . He said—Men of the Cssberies J we are threatened by cur opponents . There has been , at least the papers bring an account to the effect—there has been , J say . something like ¦ & decla ration of -war sgainsi the Irish people , 1 hope they ars sot mad enough to go to iraz against taetranquH people of Irf-lrtrd . A To ee—Let them if they dare . { Loud cheers . ) Six . Jiocas—Yts ! 1 say if they dare attack the people , the people are prepared . { Vehement applause . )
We will not attack tliem : we will be " honest and true" to cur cause , i e will kfe = p within Qie bounds and limits of the conktitisti&n . Bat again 1 say , if ihey dare to invade the constitutional rights ot the Irish pe&ple , ¦«« -wfU be pxepaitd to rosei them . ( Tremenflon 3 lihetxxDs- ) And let me tell their leaders—the men who dare to accuse the representatives in ' Parliament who have subscribed tne Catholic oaths , and 1 am one of them < Tti < 1 cheering » . —lt £ me tall those men when they accuse the leaders of the Irish people of being perjurers—A Yoice—They lie .
Mr . J £ OCHE—Ttu > y lie no doubt Bat why accuse us ? Only thatrby exciting us to give the people precipitate advice they may be able to unbridle thei » tyranny against the pftplt—ev « -hsn » Bt caecra ) . We are sot perjurers j it 5 s a lie to aisjt it—( continued cheering > But we are , 1 trust , honsst and determined Irishmen—{ prolonged acplause ) . Tfcey say , now , that there is an end to aJl concessions to the ' Irish prople . And why is 1 hi 3 assertion made ? B--caiae tbey ^ y . ttat if they $ jve cccc = s £ icns , which metns power , the Protestant Cfanrch is lia : -2 e to fee sttaeitrf in tiiis country . Do you know v hat 1 ssy in rerura to that —Bi&ail bhuns to vou Jvt tbit ssbic—ilaui ; hter &ml cheers ) . When endeavtcriT . ? to obta-n libtriies for lhe people , it is also their c ^ r- > m to ten ? roun . 1 aao say "the Cfcia-h isin 6 asi ; .. i : - aild 1 tell a = iin , beyond qatstion or dr-nbt . for ife = ir roj ,. vt an-t « . Ustucdori that m this ceastry the Cuu-cb Eaablish-a ^ t ia in danger-ivehaji-tcb . ^ . W . rr too fia-mt i ^
. nsatea , ana too detcrn .: l . t-4 a-r iOr . £ l ? to ts Va . it to an abuse w > crying an-: so ctcss . And li&j maj- bc-i-er a ~ they like in EngJairf , r . ut this I ay , ihz * iL- v \ ha ' ~ not succeed in maiaumnng tiitX inousitr in th ^ , ojuetry . 1 never before tuS ths hajom ^ or ancr ^ ,, ^ so numerous a multiTui } . ; S 3 this- I ever t 2 ^ cm gresaitsi snch a mass of phyp . eal itns ^—i ne v-j W 1 1 J roch determination , -sris , £ l t he gaj ^ rime a su ^ : r ^ of = ood iceUag and good timcnr left ; but I t-i tat * - lEaflers ^ f yji alfttv 3 i < , lierirote befor * ; bey try me "oo . ^ temper of this ceuntry— rt » , ad cries of L «^ i , bear ) - ^ there m = 3 t be an end to this as in t _ is vltld thrrt is aa tu-i to every thing—feere is an « a-i r . ^ tht patiencs and forbearance of ^ long-tried , a iong ^ -. p . presssid , hnt a hoping pe&ple—and I ten tho- * ¦ —ioT notwilbitsnciEg * be patience and good : hnmoar . f tbs Irish peorJe , we cannot say hew lonj ; , if tlirj . y ^ v ± them , we tinll be able to restrain the people , 1 « d and long-coatiBTied cheering ) .
lhe liberator" then came forward , and notli /> - could ssrpas 3 the enthasiasm wia which he-was rt * i ? - ed—cheer followed cheer for several minates , and tie load struck np several spirited airs , and the whole scene was one of affection , delight , and jubilee . The Hon-andlwDed Gentleman commenced bis address to the assembled thousands in the satire Gaelic , which they seemed most happy to hear from the lips of the man they mtnt to b-bold , and whom they had sever , ss "we before stated , seen till this day . Having spoken some sentences In Irish , he preceded to observe that it ^ ras impossible for tbe E-jglisb language , or even if he possessed the knowledge of his friend Father Horgsn of the Jnah—the heartfelt , the hesrt-bicdmg Irisfe—it "Was impossible for him to express the exultation ho fell » t seeing so masylrandred of thousands of his cocntryiEEa sad eonsStneiits skoal Mm . T « , he wis pr * n < 3 of ihe bigh and fconoarablf d ' s-iaetioi : of l * ing tteir -represeLt 3 tivs : aud J : ~ -r _ - •'• rtL-rnuasd tc cc hi" < inty
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Mr . O'Cokjjell—I deny the universality of the maxim—( cheers;—but 1 think be is deserving to live for Ireland "' who can die for her oa a necessary ocasion —( cheering ) . That I am sure was the intention of my friend , though he did not exactly express him-Belf bo ; but I do not mistake him—( hear j . I know he wished to express himself so—to live as long aa the constitution is secured to d . b by our enemies , and to die when they dare attempt to violate it—igreat cheering ) , But these , by friends , are merely hypothetical and suppositions cases , that never will arisa —( hear , bear )—and I tell you the reason—it is the physical power that we saw this : day—{ loud cheera)—and the readiness to
defend Ireland , although they will attack no person—( hear , and cheers ) . We are rather too many now for them to cut our throats—llaughter , and hear , hear ) . They never will attempt it , believe me . L « t me state that while the comity of Cork , and I have been accused of repeatingrtbe thing , but I will repeat it until every starling with a split tongue in the county shall repeat it after me —( cheers , and laughter ) - ^ -take then C > rk county and Wales—( hear , hear ) . Cork has a population < f 750 000 , and the population of Wales is but 50 . 000 mpre , jvt Wales has twenty-nine representatives— (" Oh , oh"i—while Cork has but two!—< re ? newed cries of " Oh , oh !")—Every Welchman ia worth 14 A of you ..
A voice—r" By G—d , they arn't" —( laughter and cheers ) . Mr . O"Gosneij . —1 do not think one of them would beat 14 £ of you . Same voice— "O , the d—1 a bit , or half a one of us "—( renewed laughter and cheering ) , Mr . O'CoJiSELL—I do not think they'd try you ; but I think one of jon , with & good stick would beat fourteen and a half of them . ( Hear , hear , and immense cheerinr . ) ^ Sir J . Graham has told you that concession has gone to its uimo&t limit . iGroana ) Yes , ho , the unwortby representative of the Queen , proclaimed submission and despair to the people of Ireland , and you are to despair and submit . Cries of never , never , and great cbetring . ) Will you not ? Renewed cries of ' no , no , " and increased cheering . ) Ob , no ; and though all Inl-nd snbmitted there vonld be one man fonnd tbat
would not do so . ( The Learned Gentleman h < sre struck hit hands on his bieast with great energy—the cheering that followed was most intense and protracted ) 1 beg your pardon for the kind of boast that is implied by my action —( no , no , )—but there is not a single man of yon upon whose soul the brand of cowardice is so set as to say he would despair . All you want is organization —( hear . )—? . ll that is wanted throughout Ireland is organization . ( Hear and cheers . )—But mark me , in that same speech of Sir J . Graham's , of Friday night lastmind , I am not speaking of a speech delivered in the Hon . « e of Commons ; I am speaking of a reported speech in The Times and Morning Chronicle newspapers—( laughter)—and in The Times I find that Sir James was not contest with our submission and despair , but went further to prove why you should despair , for he proclaimed you all perjurers .
A stentorian voice . — " He lies . " ( Hear , and most tremendous cheering , tbat lasted several minutes . ) Mr . O ' CO-XSELL . —I wish he was within ear-shot of you . ( L&Ukhltr and cheering ) It was the Minister of the Crown that did it—( groans , )—he who had the majority in the House of Commons , whero the passages of his speech , in which he proclaimed you perjurers , were received with Deftly cheers . ) ( Lyud groans and hisses . ) . A Voice . —'" O theSsxon dogs ! " ( Renewed groaning ) Mr . O'COSKELL— Tea , but are they not your lawmakers ?—( hear , and most tremendous groaning . ) I called their cheering on a former occasion " beastly and indecent bell owing "—ihear ) , —and whoever bellowed at the stain sought to be put upon you was a
beast—( hear , and loud groaning * I wish we had them here man toman—( hear , and cheers ) , we would teach them to screech another tune —( cheers ); ay , they would cry for mercy ; and we would be merciful to the beasts—{ hear , and cheering ) . Is the Government fairly represented , think you , by the speeches of Sir J . Graham reported in the newspapers?—( yes , yes . ) Are they then so stroDg that we should despair of succeeding against them ?—( no , no . ) What is the state of the Minister's affairs ?—( hear . ) Tho finances are ruined ; and the Minister was obliged to impose an income-tax on the 'English people , and good luck to them ; and by next session he will have to double thafrtax—and more good luck to them—( laughter and cheering ) . In every other particular the revenue has diminished , while the
debt of the ; nation has increased —( hear ) . Look at the manufacturing districts ; there was , to be sure , a newspaper spurt about the prosperity of the manufacturing districts , bnt it is all gone —( hear ) . The iron trade is completely gone , for that which Bold at £ 11 per ton a short time since is now Belling at £ 3 —( hear ) . And , more than that , one concern in England failed the other day for £ 400 , 000 ! This Is the strength of England—( hear , hear ) . And mind how her enemies -watch her —( hear ) . At the moment that Sir Jainea Graham was preclaimiBjc feia hostility to Ireland , that artful tyrant , Louis Philippe , was stimulating the Spanish people to assail the Government of Esparterothe villain I Espartero , tho church-robbing villain ; Espartero , the bisLop-persecuting villain—( cheering )
Louis Philippe took advantage of the insurrection ; the army was ordered out , and the officers were quick in obeying ; but ! tne soundest and best port of every army , she sergeants —( hear , hear ) , —met , and proclaimed their determination not to assail the people—( hear , hear ); —they went to their officers , and humbly supplicated them not to aessil the people —( bear , and loud cheers ) Louis Philippe took care to have an army to protect the Spanish people ; and could England attack them !—• ( No , no . J They are sending vessels into the Cove of Cork , xrhich phiee is beginning to look quite gay and fashionable tH ^ ar , hear . ) Yeu could get naval lieutenants there now as cheap as cockles —( laughter );—seme of the young ladies do not , or will not , look on any officer holding lower rank than an admiral . ( Great
laughter and cheers . ) This fleet , I suppose , was sent to Cove for the purpose of intercepting the great meeting at Skibbereen—( laughter )—but there is some talk of their going to Spain . ( Hear , hear . ) I would wish to know if they will take any of the army with themthese poor fellows who have nothing to do but to prod holes with their bayonets in the barrack walls ? ( Great laughter and cheering . ) But what will they do for the second army which Ireland would give them if she were conciliated ? ( Hear , and cheers . ) O , Sir J . Graham , you are a wiseacre ; and Louis Philippe and Espartero know that . ( Hear , hear , laughter and cheers . ) Bat recollect , these men who threaten us dare not raise an arm against the people while they are peaceable . If they did , what would bo the value of the 3 A per cents , or
of the three per cents . ? ( Hear , hear . ) They fell from 97 to 92 ; the Homing Chronicle said it was owing to the siato of affaire in Spain , in connection with the Repeal movement in Ireland . ( Loud cbeers . ) If they were to assail Ireland , the right arm of England in war , —{ hear , j—and 0 ! dire were the sufferings of this faithful country at the bands of Eagland , —( hear , ) and I hope I am not superhtitious when 1 Bay it is something like a retributive corse tbat is now withering England for her oppressions of this faithful and moral country . —( hear , hear , and loud cheers . ) Such is the afcite of Ireland , that if you were to break out in rebellion , at'aefc the soldiery , plunder them of their ammunition —if we were to provoke her by commencing the attack on ibe constituted authorities—if we were guilty of
outrages on the persons of those Who differ in opinion from us , 3 do not say but England would be ready at any sacrifice to deluge the country in blood , as we would deserve if we were guilty of such folly—( bear ); but keep within the bounds of the law , obey the wishes of those who have your interests deep at heart—( hear ) , —act with those wbo ba ^ e led yon to many bloodless victories—( cbbtrM—signify your adhesion by that language that John BuJJ kuowa well—( bear , and laughter ); —many of tbem know the Chinese language , many of them know the classics , algebra , &c , but there is one language or science universally understood by them , that is the language of the chink of the shilling— ( bear , hear , and loud cheers . ) John Bull understands the language of the pocket well —( hear , hear . ) Last weak
when he read of the £ 3000 repeal rent he understood it—show him that « tetermii > ation—show him your adhesion in that way —( hear ) , —give me 3 006 . 000 ol R ^ r . eal era and leave me to do the rest—igreat cheering ) . 1 know the position uf England . She has an artful enemy iu Louis Philippe , who knows that he could not ceineut the claim of bis family to the throm * of France better ihan by giving the Frtnch people a victory over he victors of Waterloo , by making the English crouch , and crouch she must if ahe allows Ireland to remain dissatisfied—ihear , hear , and cheers ) . Let it be proclaimed to all Europe the outrages that have been committed on Ireland—^ hear , hear , hear ) , —the daring insolence vl her Minister , whu , r . s though like the tyrant king of old , he could stay the very tide— " thus
far shalt thou j : oand no fuither ; " but even the command of that wo arch was not more futile than was that of Sir J . Graham , when he thought the tide of patriotism : wou ) d c-use to flow al his command , and not fliat trinn'yb ; . nHy the ark cf liberty iuto its haven of TcSt . IVie cry of ! ib «_ rty is abroad on the -wild ¦ winds of beav < . »—tvhftrs»—the C 2 . 1 of freedom to stand shoulder to shoulder , to respect the laws of the Almighty God , an 1 thofo also f cj'prtssive man—( hear , hear)—let us be submissive to iLb iaws as long as they remain the laws—( hwir , and cries of " We will , we will ' " )—countetacci-d by our pastors , who ever battled with yon whts consci ous that your conduct was consonant with the rules of piety and justice ,
otherwise they would not be with you—( hear , and cheera ) the security ; that we—ehalll call myself a leader , and why would 1 not ?—( hear , and vigorous cheering )—the security that we have is guarded by temperance acd ltd on by the councils of our anointed pastors—no crime , no conspiracy , no breach of the law , no < fiance against God will be committed ; and , Ol it is delightful to think how Ijmty and temperance shall run in the stream , and ' sanctify each other , until the bright current spreads its vivifying waters all over the land , and her children shall be animated by the refreshing draDghts , and shall with the all vivifying waters drick id prosperity , happiness , and liberty . The LearnefJ Gentleman then resumed bis seat amid the most deafening peals of app : ause , which lasted several minutes .
Mr . Shea Ioxor rose and laid , that be knew it was out of order for a person to rise for the purpose of giving an explanation , but there was one thing in his speech so misrepresented that ha would take the liberty then of being an exception to the geneia ) rule —( hear , hear ) . He was distressed at hearing the interpttration pnt bj the Liberator on part of his speech , cud b ~ cou ' . d not conceive by what posdl Uity it wag that he
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was ' represented as saying anything wtueh was inconsistent with their present movement—( loud cries of " No , no ") . It had been bis most anxious desire always to inculcate order and peace , aud as he joined tho ' movement from what he considered a doty , he would retire from it from tbat day forth , unless he saw some security that those who spoke calmly , although strongly , should not be misrepresented—( "No , no , " andisensation ) . There was no policeman would maintain' the laws mote strenuously than he would ; and in saying so , he could not conceive bow he had inculcated anything contrary to theispirit of the Constitution .
Mr . O'Connell replied , that he was always the friend of law and justice ; hut there was a single sentence which fell from his friend Mr . Shea Lalor of which , from the affection he bore him , he would conaider himself guilty of a dereliction of duty if he did nstfgive an explanation—( hear , hear ) . He was certain thoso were the sentiments which wore on Mr . Lalor ' s mind , and he merely explained it . However , it might have been better explained in Mr . Lalor ' s own words —( tremendous cheers ) . Mr . LaloR . —When I select a dictionary , Mr . O Connell , I certainly will select you in preference to i > uctor Johnson ; but I do not think I wade the mistake which you attribute to me . —( Cries of " Sit down . ") Mr . O'Connell . —Why , the mistake was all on my part . Mr . Lalor—I rather think it was , aud I am glad the matter is setcled . Mr . O'Con . nell—Every thing ia easily settled
bef : TD « tun IIQ tweun us . TheCiUinMAN " Biid he th en came to a toast which was only second to the toast of tho evening ; it was the health of I heir county representative , Mr . E . B . Roche—( Great cheoriiiK . ) Mr . Roche i , - amidst the mos . t rnpturouB bursts of applause , anil , when aihiuco was at length obtained , he said—I am us fully convinctd as aoy man of the power of constitutional notation . I also feel sure that the people and their leaders will not step for . one moment beyond the limit of tho constitution ; we shali remain in it bo Jong as it is left ' to ua , ; ind when otliers break throuch tvery right which we hold justly dear and sacred , theu we shall be prepared to take our course accordingly . Mr . 8 . Lalob—That is my course too .
Mr Roche—We have a country to livo for , but we have also a country to die for—( chtiers )—but we won ' t dio for her until they won't allow us to live for her—( laughter and cheering ) . I don ' t believe they will attempt to drive us to that desperato alternative—( hear , bear ) . We have ample power within our own hands to guard the livea' of the people , and finally to accomplish their independence—( cheers)—we will be peaceful and loyal , and not only advise , but practise entire and unqualified obedience to the laws . If they attempt to pasa any coercive measures in Parliament for Ireland , I am resolved to go to my place in that
Parliament , where , by way of parenthesis , I have not as yet shown my face—( laughter , ; md cries of '' You are doing more good at home" )—I will go there , and , following the leadership jof my revered colleague , I am prepared to go to the division-lobby of the House every night of every week till Christmas —( cheers ! . We will adopt every constitutional means to prevent cur country from being enslaved ; and our homes denolated ; and wliea they infringe on rights so w ' ear and feelings so sacred , then it will be time to take our course—( cheers ) . My mind is fully made up as to that course , but now ia not the time to state it—( cheers ) .
It being now affrer twelve o ' clook , the " Liberator " said that it was better to dispense with the remaining toasts . The company immediately separated , and thus ended another " great day for Ireland . "
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In the Times oft Tuesday , the same writer returns to the subject , and enters into details of oppression under the New Poor Law , which may well cause " Rebecca " to " cry out aluuil , " and even to act . j ' Saturday , Juno 24 . ' A local newspaper , the Carmarthen Journal , of today attributes the late outrages in this county to " a deeply-seated anjd widely-diffused spirit of political disaffection . " I hftve made numerous inquiries , and certainly [ such nppeara to be the opinion of several leading men of tho county . On inquiring the particular grievances complained of , however , the almost invariable answer is , the oppressive tax of the toll-gates on the by-roads ! and the unpopularity and dwlike to the working of tihe New Poor Law . I have endeavoured to-day to ascertain the particular grounds of the unpopularity of ibis law . It appear * that the union
comprises a gveat number of rural parishes , and many of these have no p « or whatever , others scarcely any ; and the farmers , who have been accustomed to maintain only their own poor , naturally are indignant at being compelled to contribute to the maintenance of the poor of a populous town some ten or twenty miles oflfl Ibis , so far as it affects the farmers of the rural districts , appears to be tbjtsir most prominent objection to the law . In the Sown of Carmarthen , however , there are other grounds of objection—namely , its actual operation on the poot ititiuselvea . The poor complain , that if the } seek fur relief , and are what aru termed ' ablebodied , ' they are obliged to . enter the Warehouse , themselves and jthek families , ov they cannot get it . They complain that if they do enter , they are- kept there as in a prison , and treated as prisoners : that even with aged and infirm couples , man and wife are separated within [ its walls ; and , lastly , they complain of black bread and insufficient diet . I' have
taken no man ' s ' they say' for granted ; but have been myself ; over the Workhouse , 1 . ave examined and taated their bread , have obtained from th * t matron their diet ) table , and hava aeeu numerous orders for admiosion into the workhouse tu applicants for relief who have made out their caee of necessity before the board , and veho have been lefused relu-f , nnKss they ann thtir families tuterel the wp : khouse . I have seen a buudle of ( these orderB , such aa—VAdmit John Jones , wife , aud pir « a cundrbn , ' which have b ^ en refused , lhe applicants preferring to slaive or Live by viendicancy rather titan beak up their cottwjes ~ their vny homes , and enter the workhouse . I u . quired of , the relieving officer the tent JuLn Jones would have to pay for his cottage ; ho said , ' Perhaps la . or Is . ( id . a-
week' I asked what would become of it if he and bifl family should accept the order , and tnter the workhouse ? * Oh , ' ht answered , he would lock it up for a few flays till he got work . 'Suppose , ' said I , ' he should not obtain w . tk for a week , would the Union pay ( bis rent ? 'Oh , no , ' said he , ' the landlord must distrain on his furniture for that . " Can it be wondered ^ at , unless all hope for struggling on be gone—every spark of bonsat aud independent feel-Ing be extinguished—that Juhn Jones should spurn the offer to give } him bread on condition that fee and his family should become outcasts , by thus consenting to the Breaking of the strongest tie to honest industry —his own fireside ? And such has been the feeling
with which thede offers have been rejected , with indignant criesj th ' at it ' was tho last tima the workhouse should be offered to them . These expressions , tho officers of that establishment Bay , pointed to a contemplated destiucti . u cf the building . It seems pretty certain , from all I can learn , that the farmers and followers of ' Rebecca' from the rural districts , who came mounted , though opposed to the New Poor Law as imposing unjust burdens upon them , never contemplated pulling down the workhouse of Carmarthen ; but that they were led on to the outrage they committed ( and ! which was so fortunately put a stop by the arrival of tht dragoons ) by the townspeople , whose enmity , [ for the causes I have named , was directed against the building itself .
•• The bread , which I saw and tasted , is made entirely of barley , and is nearly black ; it has a gritty and rather sour taste . I was informed by a gentleman of . the board , who accompanied me , that this kind of bread was better than the bread in common use amongst the poorer farmers . I have since ascertained from an intelligent farmer tha' some of the poorer farmers do U 8 e this bread , and he described it to me as ' being very healthy , because it was l i ghter than wheaten bread ;' that ' could eat a great deal more of it , ' and that 'it acted as an ! aperient , and was therefore recommended in some cases , aa from its gritty nature it had a scouring effect . ' " Subjoined is the daily diet table furnished to me by the matron : — j " 16 ounces of this barley bread per day for able-bedied men , and H ounces for women ; U pi at Of milk
porridge , composed of three parts water and one part mils , each morning foe breakfast On Sundays and Wednesdays , 3 $ ounces of cooked meat , and . l Mb of potatoes , for dinner , and 1 h pint of soup for supper . On Mondays , Thursdays , ' and Saturdays , Ij pint of soup , and lilb of potatoesjfor dinner , li ounce of cheese , for supper . On Tuesdays l . , pint of pease-soup and l | lb of potatoes for dinner , and 1 ^ ounce of cheese for supper . And on Fridays ' we have a fish-dinner , ' said the matron . ' Oh , 'J thought I , 'this is kindly intended as a change and luxury ; they are near the sea-coast , and cod , hadduck , and mackerel , no doubt are abundant and cheap . ' ' What fish V I asked . ' On , a sail herring eaeh—and very large ones they are too , ' said the matron , qualifying it , as I raised an incredulous look . To this l .. jtb of potatoes are allowed , and to wind up the diiy ' s fast \ k pint of soup for supper . It struck me , tbat though the farmer's account of j the beneficial effects of barley bread
might Be quite true as applied to hale , strong , and ever fed men , yet that taken as the chief food , with only 3 ^ oz . of meat on ( Sundays and Wednesdays , and a . soup and milk gruel diet all the rest of the week , its ' scouring' properties might not be desirable for the strongest man , even though he was treated to ' a fish dinner on Fridays . ' I will now turn to the dietaries of the Borough Gaol of Carmarthen , and also of the County Gaol , which I subjoin , each of which places I visited , and saw the rations served out , and leave you to compare the amount of food allowed to the criminals confined with that j given in the workhouse to the poor . As to its quality in each of these prisons , the bread waa good wheaien brown bread ; that given in the Borough Gaol especially is excellent bread , and I have frequently seen such bread from choice eaten in respectable families in [ England . The s up and gruel also , some of which I saw in the county Gaol , appeared thick aud strong !
"THE DIETARY OF THE BOROITGH GAOL . "Rule 18 . —That tho money allowance for food hitherto existing be abolished , and the following fixed diet be established instead , —namely , lAib . of breai daily for each prisoner ; 3 J pints of oatmeal gruel daily ; lib . of potatoes or mixed vegetables daily ; and a liberal allowanco of salt for each prisoner .
11 THE DIETARY OF THE COUNTY GAOL . " 24 oz . of bread per day for , each prisoner sentenced to hard labour ; 12 oz . of meat on Thursdays and Sundays , and lh lb . of potatoes . O / iMondaya , Wednesdays , and Fridays , 2 oz . of cheese and a quart of gruel . On Tuesdays , Thursdays ] Saturdays , and Sundays , 1 £ piat of soup ; with a pint and half of gruel each morning for breakfast . Prisoners in the Honse of Correction are supplied with thO j Sauie diet On Mondays and Fridays they have went soup , ami oa Tuesdays , Wednesdays , and Saturdays vegetable soup . ' ¦ Orders have been received from the Home-office for an increased diet ] for the prisoners , but which the magistrates have not y > t adopted . "Can you wonder , on a comparison of these several diet tables , thet tUe poor should complain that they are underfed in the workhouse , and that the union workhouse should l * e unpopular amongst them ?''
The Times , in a leading article in reference to these revelations aaya : ;— " If manifestations of popular violence ahould induce Ministers to re-consider the policy of keeping up such a btunding grievance throughout the country as the New Poor Law , the time may come when we shall have , to thank even ' Rebecca and her daughters' !"
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ADDRESS OF THE COAL . LtAD , AND IRONSTONE MINERS , OPj ENGLAND AI"D W . vLES . TO THEIR BRETHREN T j UE COLL 1 KRS OF SCOTLAND . Brothers in bondage and in hope , —Long have we toiled , while ildlers have reaped the fruits i Long have we laboured ] in noisome pits to provide comfort for all , while ourselves and families are denied every comfort ! our wages gradually reduced ! inhuman , unchristian restrictions placed upon ua , uu ^ i we can barely obtain the [ commonest necessaries of life ! prevented by the present accursed system from obtaining information , and then taunted by those who enslave us , with ignorance ! Harassed , oppressed , and insulted ou every side , ( for who feels any sympathy for a collier ?) our burdens are becoming too great for humanity much longer to bear . When we see the k »» w of labour in indigence and rags , and theidters rolling in luxury . , and
clothed in purple and fine linen , we are irresistibly driven to the conclusion that something must- be radically wrong in the present syatem , or inch outrageous anomalies could not exist Ia it not time then , Brethren , that wa should stand up in the dignity of manhood , and enquire how and by what cause these things exist . Brethren , the reason why this unnatural state exists , has been long self-evident ; it is because we have not been united ! l it is because we allow ' ethera to have the greatest share of that which we ourselveB produce ! it is because the scriptures are perverted , aad the "labonier u no longer Bret partaker of [ the fruits . " Brothers , shall this state of things last for ever ?—shall we for ever be disunited , only to be made slaves ?! The motto of the
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op ;> re 3 ror ever is * * Divic ? H and Govern . " Let us not . 'uff ^ r them to divide us any longer , and trample upoa us with impunity ! Let us not any longer he willing parties to our own degradation I Let us forge a Union chain that shall eneircle our land ! ! Let us cement its links with mutual interest , andbrotherly ' love ! / Let us get rii of ali mean jealousy , and have confidence in each other ! Let ua feel our own value and status in society , and then as sure as cheerful niorpin £ follows dreary night—as sure aa gloomy winter is succeeded by smiling spring , so sure shall we be successful in bettering the condition of ourselves and families , and raise ourselves and families from that degraded position to which we are at present tubjected .
Brethren , ia order to cure the above named state of things , we have formed a society called " The Miners * Association of Great Britain and Ireland . " Thousands have ehrolJed themselves under its banner , andthoasaiids are daily flocking to it . The socieiy has seven lecturers engaged , propagating their principles . Only last week via forwarded one thousand cards to the miners-in the West of Scotland ! We entreat , we conjure you by every holy tie that biuds man to man , by the io * e you bear to your wives and children , by the respect you have for your kindred and kind , to join us . Unite with us , Brother ? , and we will do you good . Those Who are friendly to you we will receive as friends , and those who are your enemies shall find ua determined opponents .
To bring about this much-desired objerf , we earnestly desire you to send two men from each colliery , to attend a delegate meeting which will be holdert at the house of Mr . Douglr . s . Gallows-ball Toll , Dalkeith , onSiturday , 1 st July , 1 S 43 ; chair taken at six o ' clock in the eveniDg ; and we beg further t 6 inform you that "we have delegated and appointed Mr . William Diniells , ( whom we recommend to yoar notice , ; to attend such meeting , as the representative of the " Miners' Association of Great Britain aud Irelnnd , ' who will supply each colliery with a copy of our printed laws , and give every information wished for . Hoping you will take this address into y ^ ur serious consideration , think wisely , and act accordiaziy .
We are , Brethren , youia sincerely , on behalf of the Mintrs" Association of Grtat Britain and Ireland , the the Executive ConmiUtee , John Armstrong , President Alexander STovts , Viw-President . Martin Jlde , Treasurer . Thomas Smith , Benjamin Watson . John Kixox . Andrew Fleming . Peter Lintey . Ja . uls Smith , Assistant Secretary . JOHN Hall . General Secretary . Newcastle-upun-Tyne , June 12 , 1843 . , N . B . The above-named society is a completely lawful one , and is in perfect accordance with the Act of Parliament , the 5 th and 6 th of G-eo . IV .
All further information can be- obtained by addressing a post-paid letter to Mr . John Hall , General Secretary of the Miners' Association , at Mr . Thomas Stephenson ' s , Coronation-street , South Shields , County of Durham ; or to Mr . William DanieHa , St . Ann ' s , Lasswade , who will shortly attend each Colliery in Mid and East-Lothian , and in the County of Fife , personally . John Hall , General Secretory .
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HOUSE OF LORDS . —Monday , June 26 . Lord Cottekh am moved for a select committee to inquire into the operation of the Bankruptcy Act of last session . He argued that the law operated injuriously , and aggravated the evils of the system ; tbat it gave a preference to the larger creditors , at the expense of the smaller ; and that it frequently compelled , not only creditors , but the officers of the Bankruptcy Court , to travel from seventy to a hundred miles , in order to prove debts , or to take possession of effects—thus in every way leading to loss and expence .
The Lord Chancellor admitted tbat in individual cases there might have been an increase in the attending expences , but contended tbat in the average of cases there was a great diminution . It was not fair to attempt to take the working of the act out of the hands of the Government , who were watching it with great attention , with the view of remedying whatever defects experience might point out . Lord Brougham concurred in opinion with the Lord Chancellor . Lord Campbell , on the contrary , was surprised that the Lord Chancellor did not at once admit the bill to be entirely wrong , and abandon it , aa the Government had done with the additional duty on Irish spirits .
Lord COTTENHAH . in replying , expressed himself satisfied that the evils of which he complained would not long be permitted to tixist . The motion was then negatived without a division . On the motion of the Earl of Aberdeen the House went into committee on the Scotch Church Bill . This subject occupied their Lordship ' s the remainder of the evening .
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HOUSE OF C 0 MM 0 NS .-FRIDA . Y , June 23 . The House was occupied with another of those discussiens on the Irish Arms Bill with threaten to be interminable . The first order of the day was the question of going into committee on tbe bill ; but Sir H . W . Barron moved an amendment , that the provisions of tbe measure should be extended to England . One consequence of this amendment was that it brought up Lord Palmerston , at an early period of the evening , who detailed his opinions on the subject of " Ireland and the Irish . " Sir Robert Peel replied to Lord Palmerston , and made a " conciliatory" speech , the chief object of which was to mitigate the effect of Sir Jame 3 Graham ' s unlucky expressions on the previous Friday .
In tbe debate which followed , a great number of members took part—as Lord John Russell , Mr . Ward , Mr . Shaw , Mr . Trelawny , Lord Ebrington , Mr . Morgan John O'Connell , Mr . Sharman Crawford , Lord Dungannon , Mr Smith O'Brien , and Lord Clements . Sir H . W . Barron withdrew his amendment : tut Mr . Thomas Duncombe made a brisk attack on Ministers respecting the dismissal of Irish magistrates , which elicited from Sir James Graham that a correspondence had been going on between the Supreme and tbe Irish governments on the subject of the agitation for the Repeal of the Union , and that , in point of fact , Lord Chancellor Sugdtn had been previously advised by the Home Secretary wits respect to the dismissal of magistrates .
This provoked a fresh discussion ; Lords JOHN Russell and Howick emphatically protesting against punishing individuals for exercising their strictly constitutional and legal right of agitating for the Repeal of an Act of Parliament . The House did not get into committee on the bill until a quarter to twelve o ' clock ; and then the first clause provoked a discussion as animated as ever . It was moved that it be postponed ; and Lord Clements threatened a division on ev . ry syllable of the clause ^ unless it were postponed ; tut the committee divided , when there appeared 177 to 74 . The object , however , was gained , for the committee on the bill was adjourned .
Monday , Jvue 26 . . The Brat order of tbe day was tbe committee on the Irish Arms Bill , adjourned from Friday . On the question being put . Lord Clements interposed some observations , and was followed by Mr . Wallace ; after which the House went into committee on the first clause . Lord John Russell said he had supported the bill because he felt that an Annu Bill was required for Ireland . But he considered the existing act sufficiently stringent , and unless the present bill , which partoofc of the nature of a coercive measure , were materially altered in committee , he would oppose it on the third reading . Lord Eliot charged Lord John Russell with awant of his usual candour , in now opposing a bill vrhich he had supported , and which , instead of being coercive , was much milder than the Arms Act which hehadenpported whenhimielf in power .
Mr . Hume expressed his satisfaction that Lord John Rassell was now going to oppose the bill , and regretted that he had not done so when the late Government was in office . The House then proceeded with tha bill , or rather attemp ted to proceed with it , for the first six clauses produced lively discussion and several divisions . The third and fourth clauses were postponed ; the fifth clause w .-w agreed to : feut the sixth clause vras opposed , and the gallery was cleared . Darin ? the absence of the reporters some exciting circumstances must have occurred , for Mr . R . Yorke was found on his legs indignantly censuring the disgracefnl proceedings which had taken place , and moving , in consequence , that the chairman report progress . This , on a division , was opposed by 229 to 24 ; and the clause itself , on another division , was carried by 167 to 96 .
The progress of the bill was here stopped , the chairman reporting progress ; and the other orders were then disposed of .
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CAMBERWEi , L ,-rHenry vTincent lectured at tha Montpellier Tavern ^ on Friday . evening v ? eek ; admit ' tance threepence each . Hla audienca consisted of about sixty persons . After the lecture a public meeting w « r held , admission free . Mr . Joseph Sturge , Dr . Ritchie , and Colonel Thompson addressed the meeting , which never consisted of mpre than , 120 persons , the great majority of whom were Chartists . At tbe conclusion of , the proceedings , it was moved and seconded that they form a Complete Suffrage Association . About eight hands were held op in its favour . The Chairman , Mr . Richardson , then called upon them to enrol their names , but the call was unheeded . Tue respectables ( so called ) moved towards tbe doors ; while the Chartists collected in groups , discussing and commenting upon the complete failure of all middle-class movements , unless backed out by the aid and countenance of working men .
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i ; i a THE NORTHERN STAR . I
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by those who conferred fee honour upqn him ; bnt it ¦ Bis tjul that he ucgtt to be attending his duty in Parliament , and not going throngh the country—( Loud laughter . ) Thoss who said so were not their friendB , uor were they his-HHear , hear . ) What bnBiness had he in Parliament ? Was it not ai packed Parl iament , and above all packed against Ireland ?— { H * ar , hear . ) Many » time it devolved npoi him to plead the cause of the prisoner wboia he knew ! to be innocent , and his bleod curdled when , he reflected that a packed jury mifiht find a verdict against an innocent man ; but he Dever met a jury so packed against a prisoner as the present Parliament was packed againBt Mb
countryihear , and cheers ) . In the first place , Peel assured them that he was the faimETB" friend . ; Peel said that their prices should be preserved . He told them at the time tbat Psel was not the friend of the faraier ; and hs now asked them , since Ptel came into office , did they set the same price that they obtained for their prcinee two years ago?—flond cries of " So" ) . The landlords cosfided in Prel ' s promises , ; and they now fonnd themselves the grt&teat sufferers by the policy which he adopted—( hear , hear ) . That was oneway Peel succeeded . The ntxt was by ; exciting hatred against tbe peop le of Ireland . His newspapers called the Irish a felon nation—and their priests tht-y called
[ " Enrriiced rnflians . " ; A Voice— Oh ! the villains I ; Mr . O CosaELL—They did , the villains—that was ; the proper name for them . Yes . theyi excited bigotry in England and hatred against Ireland "; and that was 1 another means by which they packed the present Parliament The fact was , he did not think the fellows : worthy of hia attendance—( loud and continued cheer' ing)—and therefore he remained at home ; he spoke to the Irish peaple , and the heart of ; Ireland waB up ihe sonl of Ireland was roused—the sons of Ireland were meeting in their congregated theiisands , and the enemies of Ireland were blanching from very fear . to
tVehement enters ) . Yes ; but they w ^ re come new times in the costsst . Hitherto Peel , and Wellington threatened them with civil war . He gtt their threats at defiance—( loud applaust ) . He said that the people of Irtland would violate s » o law— wonld not infringe on the peace—would not put taemselyw in lhe power of the skonccn magistrates . He had all Ireland peace ibie -, tut not less fixed and determined because of being peaceable—tloud appl&use ) . The ntst thing was to break the magistrates It was no great loss to him not to be a magistrate—( lond cheers and laughter ) . But since that they bafi adopted another conrse , and he caiue to the conclusion that there was no chance for Ireland except from Irtland herself . In the House of Commons on Thursday night , Sir James Graham mado a speech on the Anna B : IL He thanked Sir James Graham for that speech . He deeply thanktd him . And in the first place Sir James Graham called the Caihooca perjurers ! A voice—Oh : the villain !
Mr . O'CcSKELL— Yes . that was the name his mother ' s ' son ongbttobear . There was no other more applica' ble to him , Moragh gun v ' eara—( lond laughter and che * rs- > He ( Sir Janus Granam ) said that the Catholiea took an oath not to disturb the church as settled by law . established . Why the Protestant Church as settled by 1 " . aw . when h- tMr . O'Coisntll ) first teok that oath , was a different thing from wbat it was now- When he took , ihsi oath first , the Church established by law in Ireland ' had eighteen bishops and four archbishops ; and the Protestants themselves cut them down to eight bishops and two archbishops . That was a definition of the , Church as settled by law ; and they said that he was bonnd by the first oath he took . IThere eonld be
nothing more ridiculous or absurd ( cheers . / At tnat tkoe , too , there were cburch-Tates all over Ireland ; they were collected every Eaater , and the people well Ttniembered them—( hear . hear ) . Thejre stood the man who abolished them—( vehement cheering ) . Yes ! he took away £ 72 , 000 a year which were levied off the Catholic people of Ireland for buiMing Protestant churches , and he was now told tbat to the fint oaths he had taken be should adhere ( cries of •¦ Oh . " ) As he before stated , nothing could be more ridiculous or a > snrd . Then with respect to tithes , it should be known that there were no tithes by law now ; they were converted into rent charge ; and from that one-fourth had been strnck —( hear , hear . ) The law settled their church , and settled it again , and would continue to settle it ; and wbat he proposed was that every parson should be paid by the Protestant who required his ministry—( lond cheers ) . Well then ; the next thing that Sir James Graham , in his speech on Thursday night , said , was that " in 1823 Emancipation was conceded . " Conceded ! He believed there were no thanks due for that—( hear and cheers ) . Who was it tbat obtaint-d emancipation ? A v . * ice—O'Connell —( tremendous cheering ) . Sir . OCossell—O ! he was at the head ; bnt he could n « t have obtained it if the people were not after him—( cheers . ) O ! they gave it to be sure , bnt they durst not refuse it " for a reason they bad "—(•• bear , ** and cheerau And there were not then a tenth cf the people with him who isw joined him ! in the movement fr- ^ m 7 ?»* u * -il _/< innt { nna < 1 nhiumlnfrl -f \ 1 e ? l T-wnltmr ) -wtaa
now stsndirg together in determination to obtain her rigbti 3—(* -b * ar , bear , " and cheering ); Sir J . Graham having made the announcement , that there was to be ne farther concession for Ireland , 1 ask the Whigs and others -what use It is for them to be liberal unless they join ns for the Repeal of the TJnion ?—( tremendous cheers ) . I than ]; hira for that announcement , for he could not do my work better if he had been paid for it—( hear ) . Ah . ' Sir J . Graham , I am much obliged to yon . A voice—Bad lnck to him ! Mr . O'Connell—I have not wished him so although he has done my worfe , but I acquit him of all intention to serve ns—( bear , bear ; . You have no hope for Ireland but from Irishmen , and you have brought me to proclaim , that nnless through yourselves you have no means of carrying out anything of good for
Ireland—Mr . M'Carthy was then moved from tbe chair , and Mr . J O'Connell called thereto , and the thflnt » of the meeting were passed to their late Chairman , when the meeting separated , after having given three cheers for the Queen . O'Connell , and Repea l .
THE BANQUET . . The Temperance Hall cf the town was elegantly fitted up fcr the important occasion of entertaining the Liberator . About 450 ast down to dinner . The chair was occupied by Maariee Power , M . D . { Mr . D . Welplt , secretary , read letters of spoloey , daring tbe progress of which he was frequently interrupted by loud bursts of cheering , particulariy while the letters of the Most ^ Rev , Dr . M'Hale and Rizht Rev . Dr . Higgins were being read . At the -conclusion , the CBaiis .: han save " The Queen , God bless her . " ( Drank with every demonstration cf fervour an 4 loyally . )
ThB Chairman again rose and said—That tbe people , and tbe people alone , are the true source of con-Elitutional power , is a principle -which is now tmi" » ersally admitted— ( bear ) . There was a time when the annunciation of thu truth would have seenred for the man who should have the boldness to assert it , a halter or a prison—( hear , hear ) . But happily for us , we live in titans when the divine right of kings to govern is net set np even by kings themselves- — - ( hear , hear ) . I thtrtfori , G .-atlemen , give yon , " The people , the true source of ali legitimate power" —( drunk with enthusiastic cheering ) .
Mr . S . Lalob . having been called on to respond to tbistoai-t , was received with bursts of appiausu . The Learned Gf&Uem&n aJluried to articles which bad appeared in The Times of January , which accused the landlords of Ireland of being the fruitful source of all the misery that nfilietfcd the country , and of the agrarian outrages which ^ iistracted society . Those articles had made him a BepeaJnr . Who was it that opposed O ' ConneU at the election in 1341 ? Was it a Conservative ? Was it a Lifeeial ? Not one of those . TUu Conservatives hated Air . O'Connell ; the Liberals complimented him with their abuse . One man alone came forward to oppose him , ana that man was John Shi-a Lalor . ( Hear , bear . ) Mr . OConnell offered him £ 3 D 0 towards his election if he would stand en Repeal principles . He sent for him , and said , " Ht thought him an honest honourable Irishman tgTeat catering)—a man possessing & . * vae capacity—tne ^ ho would bts useful in the Honse of Coromocs ; that he did not want to pnt in
a relative ; ard that ha -would give £ 300 towards hia election" *• No , Sir , " paid I , "I am agaicot Repeal and I cannot do it" What w&a the result ? 1 who had my ambition , my honourable ambition before me , who was solicited by many , but bejond all by the man to whom I would be inclined to pa . ? tbe niosc abject rabini&ion ( cbeer 3 . ) would not tuter l ' arjiamtatupon tie terms of sacrificim . my hoctstly eonetive-d opinion * . Why did I refnse ? Btcaase I , like ethers , stiilci-icg to the hope that England would do justice to lreimiti ( ehf £ i >) , acd that we vronld yt ; g : an from an Eneiish L gi-MaJcr ^ 3 perfect irienriiicatian of interoics ; and on the e = stf 3 £ s I opposed iir . O'Cniieil . Did he ever turn al » nt ? Xevei . tChtHS . ) Hf baa tmata on nac . v reptil « : whom he kr ^ w to trade in j-oliticji ; iv . it a :- * j he ever utter a &ylmt-Is jigiufct me ? . NeTer . ( Cb ^ ers i Went am I now ? — I am a deci . ltd , iBu-haiie and ftennined Repealer . ( " Hearj bear , " Slid rr . as cheering . )
TiwCiiAiRMAS— I now , gfcnStiEen , com- to the toast <» f . he t Tt-nia- —( Lond cheers . ) It is tfmt of O Cornell a *« J theR-. pea ? of the Ucion . ' This toast wis drunk ¦ vriih the most enthusiastic and tremendous cheering we c v , r heard . The ladies rose in the gallery and continued u . wave their haedkerchitfa for fnll ten minutes , while f-. e c ^ ntltmen cheered until tho very roof rung again to tht r shouts of applausa After some time Mr- O"COJfUBLL rose , and the scene was renewed with indiscribable entbnsiasm . When order bad been rettored the Learned ! Gentleman proceeded to address the cempany as follow ? . My esteemed and Rev . Friend , Father Horgan , in that beontifal « ace which
he spofce in the proper language } first , anrt then t-adly translated into English afterward * , gave an Irish ilne that I confess delighted me —( hear . ) It meant in ih » vulgar Saxon tongue , Ireland will be herself again . ' —tLond cheera ) That iB the opinion I of my life and tterfcons —( hear ) . I -want to make llreland herself again . That is the object of all my struggles . I confess 1 do not go as far as my excellent friend- Mr . Shea Lalor —( hear . ) I am not determined to die for Ireland . I would lather live for her—tcheerhig)—for one living RepfcElf ? is worth & chmchjard fell of dead ones—( hear , l aughter , and cheers ) But if I understand 53 t . Shea Ialou , -Kith warmth— "Ncuecan ivefor Irtiasd bet ihve who woaid die for her . "
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CAUSE OF THE " REBECCA . " RIOTS . The Times of Monday baa the following from its own Correspondent , in explanation of tho " Rebecca" doings in Wales . It tvill be seen that tbe writer argues the conclusion that there is some " reason' * for " Rebecca ' acting as she has done . He says : —
"The main cause of the mischief is the general poverty of the farmers . They have become thereby discontented at every tax and burden they have been called on to pay . If to this causa , —increasing poverty , and consequent discontent , be added an unjust imposition , you have the crowning climax , however trivial it may appear In Itself ; which h&B fanned this discontent into a flame . This unjust imposition is the very gross abuse of the turnpike tolls in this county . This may appear a ridiculous cause of discontent to most readers ; but when I have explained the facts , there will appear some reason in Rebecca ' s warfare . I must first state that the tolls of the highways of this county are farmed out to contractors , tbe ' highest bidder becoming the farmer of them , as I believe la usually the ease with the
collection ' of turnpike tolls . Tbe chief Ullage of tbia county is lime ; and a great number of limekilns are erected in different places , often with bye-roads to them ; aud it is the custom of the farmers to buy thbit own stone , and often their own cpal , and carry them to these kilns to be burned into lime , and then convey away the lime to their lands . Often the farmers of a district were enabled to get to these kilns without going through any turnpike ; upon which the toll contractors complained to the trustees tbat they could not continue to pay the fall amount of their contract price of the tolls unless toll-bars were erected on these byeroada These applications have been listened to , and there I are scarcely two miles of bye-road or high
road without a turnpike . Tbe caosvqatuce ia , thut where heretofore the farmer paid Is . for a load of stone which he had taken to the quarry with his team , he is now compelled to pay Is . in addition , for turnpikes , another shilling on bis coal , and , again , has toll demanded on bringing away his lime . This , therefore , has become a very , serious tax upon the farmer , and has greatly enhanced the cost of tbe tillage for his land . Again , it has become tbe custom if a bridge had to be built , a road to be made less circuitous , or a hill to be cut down , to erect a turnpike to defray the cost of the improvement . These new and additional turnpikes have been continued and tolls exacted long after the coat . of the bridge or other improvement has been over and over again defrayed . In other places parishes are compelled to repair the roads at their own cost , and the farmers who have contributed to this cost , eontend that it is unjust that they
should be called upon to pay tell as well . From these several causes , incredible as it may appear , I have been informed by several persons likely to be acquainted with the fact , that , taking the whole county of Carmarthen , on an average , there are not three miles of road without a toll bar . Prom Pontardulais-bridge , the boundary of the county , to this town , a distance of only nineteen miles , I myself counted no less than eleven toll-bare , or rather ten and the cl . an-swept foundation where one stood last week . The farmers of the county , a most peaceable , quiet , aud orderly population , were roused to such a pitch of indignation by this abuse , that at . length ; under a leader more daring than the rest , who assumed the name of ' R--bbCca , ' several of these newly set np gates were pulled down . It is remarkable , and proves that it is their sense of justice only which is outraged , that none of the old established gates originally placed on the road have been meddled with .
• ' Emboldened by success , organization and conftderation commenced , and neither checked by the strong arm of the law , nor appeased by a timely remedy of the abuse , and having the silent sanction and approval of the mass of the population , these at first insignificant acts of lawlesB violence have assumed an importance , and have led to results which may end in serious disaffection amongst a population the most inoffensive and peaceful in her Majesty's' dominions . " The beginning of strife is as the letting out of
water ; ' there is no telling what mischief it may effect . All parties , with whom X have conversed on the subject , unite in condemning the apathy of the Government in not using means at once to put an effectual stop to these disturbances . In those cases , too , where there has been a show of resistance to these outrages , and policemen and special constables have been arrajed they have not been determinedly and properly headed ; and on looking at the numbers they have bad to cope with , appear to have remembered the cuuplet , — 4 He who in fights will interpose ,
• Will sometimes get a bloody noBe ;' and esteeming ' discretion the better part of valour have quietly looked on ,, peeped round corners , aud have even , it is said , been ' compelled' to do 'Rebeeca's ' own work . " Mingled with these causes of discontent are others , great in themselves , which only wonted some such commencement as Rebecca ' s' warfaro to unite all into : one somewhat alanning focus . The most prominent of these is disgust at tbei operation of the New Poor Law . The farmers and inhabitants of ihe rural districts complain that they are heavily rated to pay the expenses of building a large Union Workhouse of effifleta' salary—and of supporting tbe paupers of die > Unttown populations , none of which , they contend , they ought to be liable to ; and before the New Poor Law their rates for supporting their own paupers were much lighter .
"Then again the great : tithes ate generally severed from the support of the church , and go to lay improprietorsi whilst the email or vicarial tithes , oppressive and vexatious in their exaction ; alone remain to support an ill-paid clergy . One serious consequence of tbia has been the great progress ; of dissent in Wales , which has again reacted on the general discontent in creating an opposition to the payment of all tithe whatsoever from opposition to the church . " | At present this picturegque and beautifully situated little town is perfectly quiet , except , ( if I can call it an exception ) that two armed dragoons are on duty in front of the hotel from which I write , a part of the oatoffices being converted into barnckc , whUst gronpa of wondering and curious boys and idle men ate standing at a respectful distance , looking with aspect * of awe at their carbines and accoutrements .
" To-day a company of the 73 d Regiment marched into the town . The soldiers , have been accommodated with quarters in the workhouse , apart of which bas been converted into temporary barracks . " I have been informed that Colonel Love , the commander of the district , has arrived , and has been actively engaged in placing the Bolders in different parts < -f the country , so as to be ready at a moment ' s warning to act on an emergency . "
Untitled Article
IU . . OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sia , —You will oblige the Colliers < . f Mid-Lothian by inserting the j following r . idress in the next Star , along with tbe following notice . TO tHE COLL 1 EKS OF MlD AND EAST LOTHIAN . — Mr . William Daniells , will visit the following place ? during the next we 6 k . The colliers are requested to make arrangements at their respective places for holding meetings : —Menday , July 3 rd , at Newcastle ; Tuesday , 4 th , at j Sheriff Hall ; Wednesday , at Rosewell ; Thursday , at Edg-head ; Friday , Barley D ^ an ; Saturday , SUb-hill . , W . JDaniells . LasBwade , June ] 24 th , 1843 .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct808/page/6/
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