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OOTOBEB I, 1853.] THE LEADEE, 345
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TO NEW YORK IN SIX DAYS. To skfca across...
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THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEIESTS. (From the...
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TJIK LAWSON OBSERVATORY. DimiNc; tho wee...
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the oiiuncn in ipswicu. Fi'HWnui, like L...
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EUT HE BIRMINGHAM GAOL CRUELTIES. On Tue...
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A CONVICT Pill SON. Now that " penal ser...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.
Ootobeb I, 1853.] The Leadee, 345
OOTOBEB I , 1853 . ] THE LEADEE , 345
To New York In Six Days. To Skfca Across...
TO NEW YORK IN SIX DAYS . To skfca across the Atlantic in six days is the destined work f a new steam-ship being built at ttew York . It has these aliirementSi . 1 . A . perfect security against fire or water , 2 Less risk to life ^ and greater comfort to passengers . The boilers will be placed within walls of iron , with iron beams ; orer the same . Air-cbamber , of sufficient capacity , will extend the whole length of the ship . The sudden shocks of head and beam seas , to which all ships of the present conetruction are liable , are obviated by these improvements , while the gentle undulating motion , always maintained , will tend to prevent sea sickness , and at the same iime keep the
decks dry , except from spray . The full power of the engine ¦ will be reserved for combatting heavy gales , ships of the present construction are compelled to slacken their steam as the gale increases in severity . These new improvements enable more steam to be applied the harder the gule blows . The power of the engine , in proportion to the size and draft of water , will be very great , about five times as great , we believe , as that of the steamers of the Cunard line . In an ordinary vessel such power cannot be applied , as it would tear the hull to pieces . The sharp bows , perfect curves , light draft , and enormous engine-power will enable the vessel to make a speed of twenty miles an hour . She is expected to be ready on the 1 st of December .
The Government Of The Peiests. (From The...
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEIESTS . ( From the Italia e Popolo . ) Four years have now elapsed since the 'Infallible Pontiff , the angelic and merciful Pius 9 th , reascended , through a road streaming with Christian . blood ,, . the Holy Ghair of St . Peter . Austria had cleared his way from Ferrara to Ancona ; France , from Civita Vecchia to Borne . Spaniards and Neapolitans had carried violence , rapine , and desolation into the countries of Velletri , Terni , and Narni ; the conquerors overran the sacred patrimony—to purify it ; on the other side , those who had outlived the people's battles were scattered , pursued , and , if unable to . escape , fell into the hands of the Pontifical jailors , or of the foreign executioners . The prisons were full , the sentences immeasurably severe , executions frequent . The Holy City was illuminated ; it Avas desired to inaugurate with solemnity the second era of the Pontificate . Frenchmen and Croats were charged , under martial ] aw , to become its guardians , its executive powers . to watch , together with the carabineers of the Pope , over the safety of the State , to judge and to punish . Silence reigned through the Roman provinces , broken only by the Te Deumof the priests , by the
heavy step of the foreign battalions , and by the half-stifled groans of the prisoners and the dying . This silence was called tranquillity : the Catholic world applauded the return of the Servant of Servants . France promised , in case of necessity , to send more troops by sea ; Austria , through Lombardy and the Tyrol ; Naples , by Rieti . Although the priestly government has but 3000 of its own troops , there is scarcely another power that could count on so many elements of material defence ; without speaking of its spiritual influence , to the exercise of which so many means ,
so wide a field of action , are given . In the centre of the Catholic religion ( a fact never sufficiently noted ) , the dominion of faith is all but null ; all is force , and brutal force . The priest rules not by the aid of conviction , but by that of the native and foreign police : and the secular arm never fails him . This state of things has now endured for four years ; the foreign troops have not diminished in number ; the severity of punishments is redoubled ; Forli , Sinigaglia , Ancona , Bologna , have been purified , by powder and ball , by the rope , and by sentences of pei-pefrual imprisonment . This system of terror has availed nothing ; the
provinces are overrun by marauders , the pohtical prisons are insufficient ; gibbets are permanently erected , untold torments are inflicted on the prisonors ; though assisted by the soldiers of two nations , transformed into gendarmes , tho Pupal police is insufficient for its mission : revolutionary agents tmverso the Roman provinces in all directions , under the guardianship of an entire population . The priests , blinded with rage at being unable to oeize these daring spirits , flog , and
imprison , and torture , at hazard , whomsoever they suspect ; and hucIi atrocities are related regarding the unfortunate men who full within their grasp , as fills every human breast with horror . A correspondent of the . Parlamento writes thut , in Bologna , a woman with child was scourged on her arms and under the solos of her feet ; mon of feeble constitution are flogged to mortification , tormented , in short , In a way to make one » hu < l < lor , und such an a priest , supported by an Austrian , alone could not invent .
Thus wo nee , that four years of tho restored l ' apal Government have promoted neither good feeling nor tranquillity ! resistance , hatred ,
conspiracy , and the spirit of vengeance exist in August 1853 as they existed in August 1849 . The long array of victims that have passed over these wretched countries , some put to death , some buried alive in the prisons , has not subdued the indomitable race of spirits that persist in their magnanimous protest and holy purpose to free themselves , whenever it may be , from the iniquitous Government .
The clergy say , " It is the fruits of anarchy . We must extirpate it from the roots . " Puerile argument ! they said the same thing when first they returned , on the morrow of their bloody victory ; yet four years of their domination have been unavailing , not only to eradicate the revolution , but to prevent its being the hope of all . Puerile argument ! Such is the reasoning of all tyrants who will not confess that they are hated , universally hated . What then ? Can it
be that four , or six , or ten months of anarchy , as you call it , should have caused such extensive mischief , such profound evils , in a population that you , and you alone had governed , sincel 815 , with the system so well known as your own ? Have , then , the reign of Pius 9 th , of Leo 12 th , of Gregory 16 th , so many years of absolute and overbearing power , amid the long triumph of European re-action , left no faithful followers , no deep traces ! whilst the hundred days of the people have called up a faith that created martyrs , and blesses martyrdom ?
In all this where is the truth ? where its efficacy ?' . -, " With you are deposited the " eternal truths /* with you the arms of the Catholic world , and , if you so please , of the schismatic world also ; you reign despotically , and are unable to inspire faith in the multitude around you . A few months of free popular government suffice to detach a whole population from 3 ou , which , even now , when compressed by force , persist in remaining estranged from your pulpits and your throne . Five months of anarchy destroy this great work of ages , in the minds of upwards of two millions of your subjects .
The revolutionists possess nothing in this world , save an Idea , and a hope that It will triumph . Pursued like wild beasts , punished like assassins , they daily meet death in exile , or in prison , or on the scaffold ; by foreign governments the y are either consigned to the executioner , or treated with scorn , or forgotten . And yet the revolutionarists , all , in short , who seek , by one way or another , to free their common country , to see its people happy , glorious , and powerful , although themselves so poor in material , means , and substance , awaken tho deepest sympathies , and are everywhere followed by blessings , proselytes , and martyrs .
Which , then , is the Pagan world ? Which , then , is the world of the apostles ? Tho answer were easy . It were easy to show that the Pagan world is in the government of the priests , the world of liberty and love with the revolution : but , on this subject , the multitudes in Italy need no long comment . The multitudes in Italy , thanks to God and the Pope , are convinced . The conclusion at which we arrive , after examining tho present
condition of the most oppressed of all populations , is that we , in Italy , have within us ele ments so numerous and unsubdued , as to suffico for the powerful vindication of our rights ; that , to these elements , a direction , at once bold , vigorous , and contemporaneous , alone is wanted ; that this direction can come only from ,, men who believe in the people , and fight for tho people ; and that revolution thus organized , must , after sacrifices sustained in a common interest , finally succeed .
Tjik Lawson Observatory. Diminc; Tho Wee...
TJIK LAWSON OBSERVATORY . DimiNc ; tho week tho committee have imulo ( ivory exertion to raise Iho sum iioecsnury lor the completion of tho ohservntory to 1 ») endowed in Iho liist instance h y Mr . Lhwsoh ' n magnificent donation . To- « lny is Iho la . st < luy f « , r receiving . subscription * . I ' limo Albert has forwarded 0110 hundred Kiiinoim as his donation .
The Oiiuncn In Ipswicu. Fi'hwnui, Like L...
the oiiuncn in ipswicu . Fi'HWnui , like Little I ' cddliiitfloH , him u perpetual < : umto- » for the imiinh of St . Nicholas—elected liy Hit : rate-nuym-ft . Two candidates— Vciicnnc and Wood—lutcly nmteslcd it . " On ,, ( , f <]„ , vo | ,,. received Ilio following lisM . < : r hoiiid days before 1 . 1 m clucliou : " Dear nir , —An a friend well-known to you , j , ( | ' | k , | j ,. <) , rcHneoUd , 1 write a lines of hoUsiuu warning n » to your vo | ,, j , 0 morrow . I don'l . know how you will vote , bit I , 1 Know bow you long nuo prouiiHCil t . o vote for Mr . Venrnse . Thnl , promise in rt ' . ^ itttcntd in heaven . Tlmt . prominc will Mtart up l > d <> n ! you in your ijfiiiK hour , when , if you break it , all you non . seHH will not cancel your , crime . Andnflmileutli coiiiuth the judgment . And who will clear you in the court of ( iod I 1 am muo you know what iu
right . Do not let any one persuade you to sin against God and array _ your dying moments with the terrors of a guUtv conscience . Life is most uncertain . The cholera has carried off one in the town , iriw can tell who may be the next ? Act like a man . Act like one who knows ^ he must give account to God , and you will have your reward . You must soou give an account of your stewards ? - i , i . thke the wicked one , a deceiver , for God's word says that all deceivers shall have tlicir part in the lake which bnrneth with brimstone and nre , which is the second death . Your sincere well wisher . " The living thus hotly contested is worth £ 170 a year and Mr Ward has been elected . J '
Eut He Birmingham Gaol Cruelties. On Tue...
EUT HE BIRMINGHAM GAOL CRUELTIES . On Tuesday night a meeting was held in the townhall , to protest against the justices appointing another governor and surgeon to this gaol . Such a hall has not been seen for years . From seven until eleven o ' clock every inch of space was occupied , and a crowd surrounded the building . Mr . George Edmonds , the clerk of the peace , presided . Mr . Alderman Laroden , several town councillors , and the leading clergy of the Establishment were present . Great excitement prevailed , and some degree of exasperation was caused by reason of the
refusal of the mayor to grant the use of the hall , which was subsequently obtained by other means . Among the resolutions passed unanimously was one to the effect that the meeting viewed with feelings of indignation the horrible system of cruelty and oppression which has been carried on at the gaol , with the implied sanction of the visiting justices , and the meeting expressed its strong disapprobation of suchjinhuman treatment , and also expressed a hope that the people of England would acquit the people of Birmingham of any participation in these barbarities . In a subsequent resolution , moved by
Mr . Councillor Allday , the visiting justices were declared to have entirely forfeited the confidence of the people of Birmingham , and the meeting solemnly protested against these justices participating in the appointment of another governor and other officers of the prison . A gentleman , partner of one of the justices , attempted to move a counter resolution . He made some remarks amidst a torrent of disapprobation , and finally gave way -with the simple expression of his dissent , he being the only person who did dissent in the vast assembly . The Rev . G . S . Bull moved a vote of thanks to
Lord Palmerston , Avhich was carried by acclamation , as "was also theTollowing resolution : — " That this meeting is of opinion that the appointment of a stipendiary magistrate for the borough would greatly facilitate the proper , orderly , and impartial discharge of magisterial business , and would tend to inspire the inhabitants of this great and important town with a confidence in the administration of the criminal and especially judicial decisions and summary convictions , which the borough justices do not at present possess . " The immenso crowd departed quietly at eleven o ' clock
A Convict Pill Son. Now That " Penal Ser...
A CONVICT Pill SON . Now that " penal servitude" lias replaced to a fixed extent transportation beyond tho wens , the following account of Spike Island prison ( Queenstown Harbour ) will be of interest . It , is taken from the Morning Chronicle correspondence : — Thoro aro at present upwanlH of 2100 convicts confined upon tho island ; it , would hardly l > o correct to nay confined in tho priHon ; for our common notion of a prieion gives a a vory inadequate idea of tho treatment of tho convicts at Spiko Inland and at tho otlior Oovornment woHch whoro convicts are employed . From nix in tho morning till nix at night all who are not disabled by slckr-oss aro out in tho opon air . Thoy work in u : niu : n of from twolvo to twenty
pontons each , but thoy are not oliainod togv . thor nor iniumclotl in any way . The only appdront restraint upon thorn in tho prcHonco of n . turnkey , who , with n . lo . adod lnunkob , fittcndn and HuporintondH each « anff . Homo of thorn aro employed in quarrying rock and levelling tho ground within tho oncloHUroB , ; othorw aro ong / i ^ od in draj-ff' ^ 'K truckn loaded with tho mntorialH ho ohtninud to otlior parts of tho ground ; a few who have boon taught in prmon tho craft of tho HtonomaHon aro at work howinff tho hI . ohcm or building tho r / unpart . ; tho feoblor on oh aro employed m laying down turf upon tho f ^ luciM ; hut all mo kopt from morning' to ni ^ ht in occupation of one kind or ano'thor . . Nor id thoro much account taken of tho previoiiH hahitH or condition in lifo of a criminal . Once placed under tho Hiirvoillunco of the authorities on Hpilco Inland , tho tlunvo and Ninewii of tho man aio
moro looked to-than the delicacy of Iiim foriiuir hahitri , or tho respectability of his former position in society . An a proof of thin it may bo mentioned that no distinction in made between tho convict Klrwin , who is hero , and moaner ruDiaiwi —ho in wot to the tliuuu hard and dotfradhitf 'ask work with the roHt . HickneHH alone is allowed an an excuse from labour , and a man is no sooner so convalescent an to be out of lyjd than he in not ; to nuc . li li ^ ht tasks as his strongth will jionnit . 1 'lniH a number of convicts who / ire not nualillod for harder tasIcHworo oiitfaKodknittiiitfstockiiiK /! for tbcniHolvos aiultheir companions . The knowledge of n trade in also allowed iu Home riotfi-oo to deteriiilue the nature of a convict '« occupation : for all tho reijiiiromonts of the convicts iu food , clothes , Ac , aro procured within tlu > prison Itself . At n \ x iu the ovoning , thoir work Js lininhod , when , if tliey plunne . t ' io
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 1, 1853, page 9, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_01101853/page/9/
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