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1042 Wbt %t*fttt* [Saturday , " ' '' '
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THK 1'KliNH I\ (tl'AIN. Thk Tribuna del ...
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THE NEW GOVERNOR OF MALTA. The morning p...
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MANCHESTER TOR THE IRISH. Cheap cotton a...
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CHEAT OMNIKTJSEB. In Liverpool and Glasg...
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SOCIAL REFORM. " NOTES OF A SOCIAL CECON...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Hussia, Persia, And Palmerston. Those Di...
that spot . It was felt that if the Shah of Persia made himself master of that city , the influence of Russia would be paramount in Affghanistan . But Lord Palmerston began at last to see that something must be done , unless England were prepared to submit ignominiously to whatever indignities Russia might choose to inflict . In the summer of 1838 , a message was sent to the Shah of Persia , warning him that he must withdraw his troops from Herat , or we should be forced to adopt severe measures . The following portion of the message to the Shah will show that our Government entertained a rather strong objection to the taking of Herat for Russian purposes in 1838 , whatever view it may take of the same encroachment in 1851 : —
" I am directed to inform your Majesty that if Herae should have surrendered to your Majesty , the Briiish Government will consider your Majesty s continuing to occupy that , or any other portion of Affghanistan , as a hostile demonstration against England . Her Majesty ' s Minister Plenipotentiary anxiously hopes that , by speedily withdrawing the Persian army into your Majesty s own dominions , your Majesty will avert the inevitable consequences of persevering in a course of hostility to England .
«• Your Majesty is no doubt informed by the Government of Fars , that a body of British troops , and a naval armament , consisting of five ships of war have already arrived in the Persian Gulf , and that / or the present the troops have been landed on the Island of Karrak . The measures your Majesty may adopt in consequence of this representation will decide the future movements and proceedings of that armament . "
This " firm " language , backed by the English ships of war , speedily brought the Shah to his senses . He had been told by the Russian agents that England had entered into recognizances of a thousand millions to keep the peace , that even if we were disposed to go to war , our army and navy were so reduced as to leave us entirely at the mercy of our neighbours , and that now was the time for his Persian Majesty to tread in the footsteps of Nadir Shah , and march forward to Delhi . The appearance of the English armament in the Persian Gulf taught the silly Shah that he had been imposed upon by the wily agents of Russia ;
and as this bad news came immediately after the signal failure of an assault which the Persian army had made on Herat , under the guidance of Major-General Count Simonich , the pacific Russian Ambassador , he prudently took the hint which Lord Palmerston had given , raised the siege , and withdrew his army into his own dominions . Then followed a brisk diplomatic correspondence between Lord Palmerston and Count Nesselrode , respecting the underhand part which Russia had played in all these transactions ; the upshot of which was , that the wily Count distinctly disavowed all intention of the Russian Government to disturb the British
empire in Asia , and expressed his strong disproval of the expedition against Herat ; and that Lord Palmerston declared himself perfectly satisfied as to the sincerity of the Russian Minister ' s disavowal . And now , looking back at the Russo-Persian foray into Affghanistan in 1837-8 , with the additional light which recent events have thrown upon Russian policy , the question for Englishmen to ask is : —Why should we now stand quietly by and allow Persia to take possession of Herat ? In 1838 ,
our ( iovcrninent warned the Shah that Ins continuing to occupy that city , or any other portion of AflrghauiHlan , would be considered a hostile demonstration against England , and prompt measures were takvfi to convince him that we were in earnest . In 185 ' , when everything conspires to make us more jealous of Russian influence—more suspicious of Russian intrigue , the Shah of Persia—the mere sa ( S < ip of the Czar—is allowed to take possession q / the chief fortress in the most defensible country On the whole road fiom the Russian frontier to the
Punjaub , without , even a word of remonstrance . Is this another of the adroit diplomatic schemes by which England is to be conveniently frightened into keeping the peace at some future crisis , when a bold policy on . her part would scatter consternation niiutiitf tlio despoln , and give aKuurun ^ e to the friends of freedom from one end of Europe- to the other ?
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1042 Wbt % t * fttt * [ Saturday , " ' '' '
Thk 1'Klinh I\ (Tl'ain. Thk Tribuna Del ...
THK 1 'KliNH I \ ( tl'AIN . Thk Tribuna del I ' ueblohim been condemned to n fine of 60 , 000 reales , ult * r a previous fine of , ' { 0 , 000 reahn ; a ho ' avy ausault on n . journal which based its success on opinion alone . " We Bought , " « ayH tho Tribuna , " the war of ideas , and not of bullion . Wo thought that for our purpose tho weapons were to be sought in the armoury of intelligence , and not in UiO purse . Illtwion . !
Before you can think , before yeu can discuss , before you can expound ideas , you must possess money— -much money . With much money you may enjoy the privilege of poisoning public morality ; without it , you can neither do good nor propound useful ideas . " It is not quite so bad in this country . Success and free opinion are not incompatible ; but money enjoys vast privileges of slander and depravity . Meanwhile , the Tribuna " reposes " from the contest , and retires for a while from public view , to gather " fresh munitions . " Success to it : our contemporary has fought bravely and well ; its labour will not have been in vain . Its bread thrown upon the waters will be returnable in 1852 .
The New Governor Of Malta. The Morning P...
THE NEW GOVERNOR OF MALTA . The morning papers state that Colonel Reid and Mr . Dilke have both declined the remuneration offered them , by the royal commission , for their valuable services in connection with the Great Exhibition . Mr . Dilke , as a matter of personal feeling , being fortunately able to afford the sacrifice , has given his services gratuitously . The ground on which Colonel Reid declines the gum offered by the Commissioners , is that , being retained in the Government pay , while acting as chairmain of the
Executive Committee , he was bound by military etiquette to render all the aid he could without any additional reward . It appears , however , that his services at the Crystal Palace are to be rewarded in a much more munificent manner than by the gift of two or three thousand pounds . The governorship of Malta , to which Colonel Reid has been appointed by Government , with a salary of £ 3500 per annum , only a few hundred less than that of the President of the United States—the chief magistrate of 24 , 000 , 000 people—is a very handsome honorarium for his last twelvemonth ' s labours .
Manchester Tor The Irish. Cheap Cotton A...
MANCHESTER TOR THE IRISH . Cheap cotton and cheap corn ! What more did Manchester millowners ask in order to give them enormous profits ? And yet with such elements of prosperity Manchester finds that its pauperism has been increasing at a more rapid rate during the last few years of abundance and low prices than those previous to the abolition of the corn laws . Of course , the Protectionist organs appeal to so startling a fact as the most unanswerable proof of the ruinous consequences of Free-trade . This is sheer absurdity . It is merely a striking illustration of the mischievous operation of the ten times tinkered Poor-law
Amendment Act . Since the abolition of the power of removing paupers who have resided five years in any township , the depopulation system in Ireland and England has filled our large towns with the surplus agricultural population . These victims oi our wretched landlord system contrive to scramble on for a few years in a miserable , half-starved manner , and then throw themselves upon the poor rates . The rapid increase of the population in Manchester and other manufacturing towns \ f > not a healthy increase . More than half of the new
arrivals are forced to take refuge there , because they have neither spirit nor funds to take them to America , Canada , or Australia . But although this explains why pauperism increases so fast in Manchester , it does not show how the evil is to be encountered . The ' Times takes up the question in its usual grand way , places it in the most alarming light , and then winds up by saying that , so as far it can perceive , nothing can be done . On that point wo differ from " the leading journal , " and we Bhall endeavour to show why in a future number .
Cheat Omniktjseb. In Liverpool And Glasg...
CHEAT OMNIKTJSEB . In Liverpool and Glasgow there are omnibuses which carry passengers short distances at the rate of a penny per mile . Why Bhould wo not have the same cheap conveyances in London ? A hold attempt has been made , we understand , in one of our busiest thoroughfares to establish a line of omnibuscu on the same principle as those of Liverpool ; but it is questionable whether it will succeed under our wretched , scrambling , wasteful system of unregulated competition . The advocates of laissezfaire may nee an illustration of the evil working of their favourite doctrine in the omnibus warfare which has lately been confounding Oxford-street . No sooner liad the cheap vehicles been started to , the great delight of tho public , than the wealthy l'addingtoa Conveyance Association placed a number of omnibuses on the name route at equally low fares , for the express purpose of running the introducer of the cheap system off the road . Bhould they succeed in doing so , tho result will , no doubt , be u return to tho old fares , mid the triumph of laissezfaire . Now , if penny omni bines pay In Liverpool , where wages are quite us high uh they are here , why should they not succeed in London ? If they fail , will it not be simply because the present companies contrive to preserve a virtual monopoly of the paeeengcr traffic t
Social Reform. " Notes Of A Social Cecon...
SOCIAL REFORM . " NOTES OF A SOCIAL CECONOMIST ' * THK COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATIONS OP ENglaN
VII . " The development of the human faculties and tv formation of human character , take place according t fixed laws imposed by the Creator for the regulation t both mind and body , and to be successful ( in education our endeavours to modify either must be made in e formity with divine arrangements . "—Combe on the m ' nagement of Infancy . Ma " " The benefits of Circulation ( of wages ) , and the suh . sistence of the working classes , would remain as tw great results of a labour which yet would give no profit to the employer . "—Partnership u en Commandite' ' a T . Wixson . ' ° V
The result of his experiments at Manchester and at New Lanark convinced Robert Owen of the truth of the principle that any general character , from the best to the worst , from the ignorant to the enli ghtened but endlessly varied according to the diversities of physical and mental constitution , may be imparted to any community , even to the world at large , by an application of the means , which are already to a great
extent at command and under human control . The astute policy of governments * and of priests had hitherto formed for society the general character of mankind . Robert Owen , therefore , determined to go forth as a pilgrim lecturer—a missionary , or martyr if need were , of the gospel of Reasonpreaching the strange doctrine " That the character of man is formed for , and not by him—the most
important divine principle ever yet taught to man , for all eternal truths are divine . " He could do no more , he thought , for a manufacturing population , and determined to leave New Lanark ; but finding that the profits of the concern were so much larger than any parties ought to receive from the labour of others , he proposed to two of his partners to allow the workpeople to have it to themselves for their own profit , after paying five per cent , for the capital there invested ; and he offered to continue to manage it for them until they could conduct it
for themselves through directors of their own appointment . But this was at once declined . For even , in 1822 , William Allen wrote to him—" Our principles ( religious ) are diametrically opposite ( to rational ) . At present , however , it is quite plain that we must part . " After several years of preparation , during which he made the necessary arrangements for departure , Robert Owen sold his pecuniary interest in the concern , and finally retired in 1829 . Between the autumn of the year 1824 and the summer of 1829 , Robert Owen was four times in the United States of America , once in the West
Indies , and once in Mexico , lhese journeys were made to promote the great object of his life , " Tho permanent happiness of the human race . " What , then , were the moral , political , and pecuniary results of this great experiment , carried on for nearly thirty years ? The circumstances surrounding the population of New Lanark had been completely changed . The inhabitants , who were originally idle , dirty , intemperate , and immoral , became industrious , sober , cleanly , and moral ,
under circumstances which at the best were very defective " compared with those in which all people ought to be placed , thus proving the natural goodness of humanity when properly treated ; " a * they were made contented and happy by the simp le process of removing inferior and injurious circumstances and substituting those which were beneficial ami superior . Thus the "Great Thutii was evolved . ,
The political changes which had been effected , were inanifetitcd by the absence of litigation , aim by the gradual introduction of feelings of c'lnwy and good will between the different sects ; by tn self-inamance of the people against age an" » finnity by weekly subscriptions ; and by the ent » abHence of parochial relief , or charity from wun-* It was the dying injunction of Henry IV- to ""* "" [[ not to allow the Kngliah to remain long at pearc ,, « was ant to breed intestine commotions : but to't i them In foreign expeditions , by which tho Pr ncen . lj acquire glory . Thi . Prince allowed the P'JjjVinthrvo of hi « ttuflragana , the JBi » h <> p « of Lon . J »»• * | 0 Chester , and St . David ' a , to burn Ui © good lx > id ^ oviw as a Lollard or Wickliflito .
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 1, 1851, page 14, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse2.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_01111851/page/14/
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